Air conditioning system

Abstract

The invention of an optimization system for truck parking cooler's efficiency in hot and dry areas by reducing energy consumption and increasing operating time relates to vehicle air conditioning, specifically truck parking coolers, which operate entirely on battery power, eliminating the need to keep the engine running for cooling. Designed especially for extremely hot and dry areas, this system provides long-lasting cooling during drivers' rest periods without rapidly depleting the battery. Unlike traditional systems that use only one condenser, this invention incorporates two condensers. The secondary condenser is designed in such a way that the length and width of the main condenser can be increased by 20% to 85%, without increasing the overall size of the parking air conditioner's body. Additionally, the integration of mixed hot and cold pipes for temperatures ranging from 60 to 75 degrees Celsius enhances the subcooling process, ensuring optimal performance.

Description

[0001] TITLE OF INVENTION

[0002] OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM FOR TRUCK PARKING COOLER'S EFFICIENCY IN HOT AND DRY AREAS BY REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INCREASING OPERATING TIME

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to vehicle air conditioning systems, specifically truck parking coolers, additionally, this invention relates to the design and development of an optimized air conditioning system that operates entirely on battery power, eliminating the need to keep the engine running to provide cooling. This system is specially designed for very hot and dry areas and is capable of delivering long-term cooling during drivers' rest periods without rapidly draining the battery. Furthermore, the invention includes improvements in the condenser structure and the refrigerant gas flow path, which enable optimized energy consumption, increased cooler efficiency, reduced battery power usage, and extended operating time of the air conditioning system.

[0005] PRIOR ARTS

[0006] Parking coolers refer to air conditioning systems designed to provide cooling in vehicle parking areas, particularly for trucks. These systems typically operate using the vehicle's battery and rely on the truck's battery to supply the necessary energy for cooling operation. The functionality of these coolers is based on the refrigeration cycle, which includes main components such as the compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion valve. In hot and dry weather conditions,parking coolers enhance driver comfort during rest periods by lowering the ambient temperature inside the vehicle cabin.

[0007] Parking coolers are a practical tool for truck drivers to rest, utilizing the truck's downtime for daily breaks and nighttime sleep. The power source for a parking cooler is the voltage and energy stored in the truck's battery. If the parking cooler does not operate efficiently, the energy stored in the battery is quickly depleted, resulting in the cooler running for only a short period. To cool the cabin, it becomes necessary to restart the truck to recharge the battery or use the truck's factory-installed cooler. In such cases, fuel consumption and air pollution increase, which consequently reduces the quality of the driver's rest.

[0008] In hot and dry regions, and during the day when the air temperature is 50-60 degrees Celsius and dry, the gas pressure increases, and refrigeration does not perform well. This leads to a significant increase in battery consumption, and the driver’s cabin will not achieve satisfactory cooling. Additionally, the cooler’s compressor operates continuously and without automation, quickly draining the battery and causing the cooler to shut down. Considering that the driver’s cabin is their mobile home and that drivers are also stopped during the day for various reasons such as waiting for their turn to load or unload and other stops, they require proper air conditioning in the cabin. If their parking cooler cannot adequately cool and make the cabin space comfortable due to excessive energy consumption or insufficient cooling, they are forced to keep the truck running for extended periods during the day to recharge the battery or use the factory-installed cooler. This results in increased fuel consumption and air pollution, and the driver is unable to rest properly with quality.The main reason for this issue is that parking coolers do not effectively perform the subcooling process at the end of the condenser in high ambient temperatures. The heat and gas pressure remain high after exiting the condenser, preventing effective refrigeration. Moreover, at high temperatures, the gas does not fully convert to liquid, and vaporized gas along with liquid gas enters the evaporator, causing disruptions in the cooling system. Under these conditions, the driver prefers to turn off the parking cooler due to its inefficiency.

[0009] These coolers, given their intended use, have limited space for installing components and cannot accommodate larger condensers for very hot regions to resolve their subcooling issues in those areas. The only option is to increase the thickness of the condenser, which does not solve the subcooling problem in high ambient temperatures.

[0010] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN108790697A which was granted on 23 / 04 / 2024 titled “A kind of Air conditioner on car system of changes in temperature one” provides a type of automotive air conditioning system that regulates temperature variations. This invention comprises a PTC heater, an integrated condenser, and an integrated evaporator. The condenser and evaporator are arranged in parallel, and the PTC heater is employed to provide heating for the system. The vehicle air conditioning system introduced in this invention operates in summer by utilizing a dual air conditioning system for cooling. When the temperature ranges between 25 to 35 degrees Celsius, one cooling system is activated, and after each cycle of turning the ventilation on and off, the system switches to the other. When the temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, both cooling systems are used simultaneously. In winter, only the PTC heater is used for heating. This invention offers high cooling capacity in summer and incorporates an energy-saving mode. It also ensures stable air conditioning performance for winteruse and is capable of functioning even at very low temperatures. During summer, the system operates with two ventilation systems to cool the space more effectively while also engaging an energy-saving mode. Additionally, it can deliver heat to the driver’s cabin and maintain the temperature in parked mode for extended periods to preserve interior vehicle comfort. In this invention, the vehicle's parked mode is designed such that the air conditioning system can continue to operate effectively even when the engine is off and the vehicle is in a parked state. This capability is enabled by using a PTC-type heater, which consumes less energy, allowing the air conditioning system to run continuously in parked mode without needing the engine to be on. This feature is beneficial for truck drivers and vehicles that require rest while parked, as it maintains the cabin's internal temperature at a suitable level without the need to consume engine fuel or produce additional pollution and noise. Therefore, this invention resolves the issues of high fuel consumption and the generation of harmful gases that occur when the engine remains on to keep the ventilation active. Additionally, the system is designed to adjust itself according to temperature changes and maintain the appropriate cabin temperature.

[0011] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN109579376A which was filed on 20 / 12 / 2018 titled “A kind of truck chilling air conditioning system and its control method” introduces a truck cooling air conditioning system and its control methods. The truck cooling air conditioning system comprises a compressor, condenser, evaporator, cold storage device, heat exchanger, first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, circulation pump, first expansion valve, second expansion valve, and a vehicle control unit. The compressor, condenser, first expansion valve, and evaporator form the first coolant circulation loop. The compressor, condenser, second expansion valve, and cold storage device constitute the second coolant circulation loop. The cold storage device, heat exchanger, and circulation pumpcreate the third coolant circulation loop. A temperature sensor is installed within the cold storage device. This invention enhances the existing system by adding a cold storage device, enabling the cooling of the truck cabin at night by activating only the third coolant circulation loop without the need to start the truck's engine. This results in fuel savings and reduced noise, thereby not disturbing the driver's rest during the night. During the daytime, the system utilizes the compressor and condenser to cool the cold storage device, storing cooling energy for later use. At night or when the vehicle is parked, the system can utilize the stored cold by activating the third circulation loop without needing to run the engine. In this mode, the circulation pump and heat exchanger work together to lower the temperature inside the driver's cabin, ensuring fuel efficiency and noise reduction while providing a comfortable resting environment for the driver. The system is equipped with a temperature sensor that monitors the status of the stored cold and communicates this information to the control unit. Based on the temperature data, the control unit automatically activates or deactivates the various circulation loops as needed, thereby utilizing the stored cold to reduce the cabin temperature only when necessary and preventing unnecessary engine operation while parked. Additionally, in this invention, the condenser is connected to two expansion valves, first and second, each part of separate circuits. One circuit is designated for direct cabin cooling, while the other circuit is responsible for transferring cold to the cold storage device. This dual-expansion valve configuration allows the system to efficiently manage and distribute cooling based on the operational requirements, further enhancing energy efficiency and maintaining optimal cabin temperatures under varying conditions.

[0012] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN109720171B which was granted on 26 / 01 / 2024 titled “Double-compressor and double-steaming heavy-duty truck airconditioning system” introduces a heavy-duty truck air conditioning system featuring two compressors and two evaporators. This system comprises a mechanical compressor, an electric compressor, a condenser assembly, a frontmounted evaporator, and a top-mounted evaporator. In this system, the electric compressor and the top-mounted evaporator are activated when the truck is in a parked state. During driving, the mechanical compressor, front-mounted evaporator, and top-mounted evaporator operate simultaneously. The top-mounted evaporator is installed in the upper compartment of the cabin. By adding the topmounted evaporator to the traditional heavy-duty truck air conditioning system, this invention enables cooling of the sleeping area, thereby meeting user needs. When driving, the mechanical compressor is activated and works in conjunction with the condenser to simultaneously cool both the front and ceiling evaporators. This ensures that both the cabin and the vehicle’s sleeping compartment are cooled effectively. In the parked state, since the engine is turned off and the mechanical compressor is inactive, the electric compressor and the ceiling evaporator take over to cool the sleeping area without the need to start the engine. The addition of the ceiling evaporator ensures adequate cooling for both the cabin and the sleeping compartment in both driving and parked states, enhancing user comfort. The dualcompressor and dual-evaporator system stabilizes the performance of the air conditioning system and prevents icing. The core of the evaporator serves as the main cooling component within the upper and lower housings. A small single-pass evaporative fan is installed in this section, designed so that its airflow output is parallel to the axis of the evaporator core’s collection pipe, ensuring proper functionality in confined spaces. A solenoid valve is used to control the activation and deactivation of the ceiling evaporator. The upper and lower housings are designed with gradual cross-sectional changes, which aid in the uniform distribution of air.A Chinese invention with publication No. CN111301105 A which was filed on 27 / 03 / 2020 titled “Dual-condenser cooling and heating integrated parking air conditioning system and operation method thereof’ introduces a vehicle air conditioning system designed for cooling and heating while parked, utilizing a dual condenser setup. This system comprises an evaporator, a blower, a condenser, an APTC (Active PTC) dryer, an expansion valve, tubing, and a compressor. These components are positioned between the upper and lower housings. The system features two condensers, referred to as the first condenser and the second condenser. The first and second condensers are respectively located on the left and right sides of the lower housing. The dryer, expansion valve, and compressor are situated at the rear middle section of the lower housing, while the evaporator, blower, and APTC are installed in the front middle section of the lower housing. This invention also provides an operational method for the vehicle air conditioning system in parking mode, utilizing dual condensers for both cooling and heating. The system employs the evaporator for cooling and the APTC for heating, thereby enhancing heating capability and diversifying functionality. Additionally, by configuring the two condensers to create structural symmetry, the system achieves a centralized weight distribution, improving the stability of the vehicle air conditioning system during installation. The presence of two condensers arranged either in parallel or series allows for optimized cooling performance, and their symmetrical placement ensures system stability post-installation. In cooling mode while parked, the compressor compresses the refrigerant gas, converting it into a liquid through the condensers. The liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve and evaporator, where it absorbs heat and provides cooling. For heating mode while parked, the compressor and condensers are turned off, and the APTC heater is activated. Air is heated to a high temperature through the heater and then directed into the cabin to provide adequate heating. Furthermore,consistent with this invention, the symmetrical design featuring dual condensers enhances structural stability and provides a better center of gravity for the system, resulting in safer performance within the vehicle.

[0013] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN112776566A which was filed on 28 / 01 / 2021 titled “Ice storage parking air conditioning system with double evaporators and control method” introduces a vehicle air conditioning system for heavy-duty trucks in parked mode, utilizing ice storage and dual evaporators. This system comprises a condenser connected to the air conditioning compressor, such that the condenser's output is separately routed through an electronic three-way valve to an air conditioning module and a cooling module. The air conditioning module includes a temperature sensor, a primary expansion valve, and a primary evaporator, which are connected to output A of the electronic three-way valve. The cooling module consists of a secondary expansion valve and a second-stage evaporator, connected to output B of the electronic three-way valve. The outputs of both evaporators are linked to two injector inputs, and the second-stage evaporator is connected to an ice storage device for heat exchange. The injector is interfaced with the air conditioning compressor. This ice storage air conditioning system operates in two modes: air conditioning operation and combined air conditioning and cooling operation. Upon starting the truck, ice storage can commence until it is fully established, simultaneously maintaining a constant temperature inside the cabin during driving. The overall operational method of this invention is as follows: the compressor compresses the refrigerant gas and sends it to the condenser, where it is converted into a high-pressure liquid. This liquid refrigerant then passes through an electronic three-way valve, which splits it into two separate paths. The primary evaporator is utilized for cooling the cabin while driving, whereas the secondary evaporator, located within the ice storage tank, is used tostore cooling during driving. Within the tank, water undergoes heat exchange with the secondary evaporator, causing it to freeze and form ice. When the vehicle is parked, the stored ice is employed to cool the cabin without the need to activate the compressor or the engine. Once the cabin temperature reaches the desired level, a portion of the refrigerant is directed to the secondary evaporator, and any excess cooling is transferred to the ice storage tank. The refrigerant, maintained at a temperature of -10 degrees Celsius, exchanges heat with the water in the tank via the secondary evaporator, thereby converting the water into ice. In the parked state with the engine turned off, the cooling fan draws cold air from the ice storage tank into the cabin, providing cooling without the necessity of operating the compressor or the engine. This design results in fuel savings and reduced noise levels, ensuring the driver's comfort during rest periods without compromising the vehicle's environmental footprint.

[0014] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN113002273B which was granted on 20 / 01 / 2023 titled “Automobile and air conditioner” relates to a vehicle air conditioning device in which the air conditioning system includes a first air conditioning device and a second air conditioning device. The first air conditioning device comprises a first compressor, a first condenser, and a first evaporator. The first condenser includes a first condenser section and a second condenser section, and the refrigerant circulates from the first compressor through the first condenser section, then the second condenser section, and the first evaporator, returning to the first compressor. This setup is used for cooling when the vehicle is in motion. The second air conditioning device comprises a second compressor, the first condenser section, and a second evaporator, with the refrigerant circulating from the second compressor through the first condenser section and the second evaporator, then returning to the second compressor. This setup is utilized for cooling when thevehicle is at a stop, thus optimizing battery usage. Overall, two separate air conditioning systems are introduced in this invention. In the driving state, the first system operates with its own compressor, condenser, and evaporator. The refrigerant gas exits the compressor, passes through both the first and second sections of the condenser and then through the evaporator, before returning to the compressor. This cycle provides cool airflow to the vehicle cabin while in motion. In the parked state, the second system becomes active, including the second compressor, a shared section of the condenser, and the second evaporator. This arrangement provides efficient battery usage during stops and keeps the cabin cool without relying on the vehicle’s primary compressor or engine operation. Additionally, the condenser is split into two distinct sections, each with its own fans. This segmented design saves space and allows efficient air conditioning under different operating conditions. To better control the flow of refrigerant gas and to utilize both condensers and evaporators effectively, various shut-off valves and three-way valves are installed along the system’s pipelines. These valves adjust the refrigerant flow paths based on the vehicle’ s operational status, ensuring optimal cooling performance in both driving and parked states.

[0015] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN114290868 A which was granted on 09 / 02 / 2024 “Automobile and air conditioner” introduces a vehicle air conditioning system featuring four different air conditioning units: the first unit, the second unit, the third unit, and the fourth unit. First Air Conditioning Unit includes a first compressor, a first condenser, and a first evaporator, and is used for cooling when the vehicle is in motion. In this operational mode, as the vehicle moves, a refrigerant flows through the system to cool the vehicle. Second Air Conditioning Unit consists of a second compressor, a section of the first condenser, and a second evaporator. It is employed for cooling when the vehicle is parked, with therefrigerant circulating via the second compressor and the second evaporator. Third Air Conditioning Unit includes the second compressor, the second evaporator, and a section of the first condenser, and is utilized for heating when the vehicle is parked. In this mode, the refrigerant circulates through the second compressor and the second evaporator to provide heat. Fourth Air Conditioning Unit comprises the first compressor, the first evaporator, one section of the first condenser, and a second section of the condenser, and is designed for heating the vehicle while it is in motion. The design of this automotive air conditioning system addresses the issue of weak heating and excessive temperature rise in integrated automotive air conditioning systems that operate both during driving and while parked. The air conditioning system includes a four-way valve that controls the connection between compressors and evaporators. The invention also features multiple three-way valves to manage refrigerant flow through different pipelines. The system is designed to automatically switch between heating or cooling based on the vehicle’s status (driving or parked).

[0016] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN207317305U which was granted on 04 / 05 / 2018 titled “Condenser tandem lorry air-conditioning system” relates to an air conditioning system for refrigerated trucks featuring condensers arranged in series. The system includes a left condenser core, a right condenser core, a compressor assembly, an evaporator assembly, an integrated air conditioning base, a liquid tank, and an expansion valve. The left condenser core is installed on the left side of the base, while the right condenser core is installed on the right side of the base. The exhaust outlet of the compressor assembly is connected via a first connecting pipe to the air inlet of the right condenser core. The mixed gas-liquid outlet of the right condenser core is connected via a second connecting pipe to the inlet of the left condenser core. The mixed gas-liquid outlet of the left condensercore is connected via a third connecting pipe to the first inlet of the liquid tank. The second inlet of the liquid tank is connected in sequence through a fourth connecting pipe to the expansion valve and then to the inlet of the evaporator core. The outlet of the evaporator core is connected via an expansion valve and a fifth connecting pipe to the compressor assembly. This system utilizes a single cooling cycle — one compressor and one evaporator, rather than a dual system, thereby reducing component requirements and the number of pipes. By employing two condenser cores in series, the number of pipes is reduced, manufacturing costs are lowered, and production efficiency is enhanced. The evaporator is designed with parallel flow, which boosts heat exchange efficiency and decreases overall system weight. In operation, the system receives high-temperature, high-pressure gas from the compressor assembly. This gas is first directed into the right condenser core for cooling and subsequently flows into the left condenser core, where it is ultimately condensed into a liquid. The liquid then moves to the liquid tank and, through the expansion valve, enters the evaporator. In the evaporator, the refrigerant evaporates and exchanges heat with the airflow, thus lowering the temperature inside the truck. The cooled gas is then returned to the compressor assembly to continue the cycle.

[0017] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN211032097U which was granted on 17 / 07 / 2020 titled “Shared electric parking air conditioner” introduces a shared-type electronic parking air conditioning system. This system includes a first drive air-conditioning radiator component, behind which a second drive air-conditioning radiator component is located. On the upper surface of the first drive air-conditioning radiator component, a first circulation pipe is connected, and on the end surface of this component, a second circulation pipe is connected in such a way that it reaches the position closest to the first circulation pipe. On one side ofthe first drive air-conditioning radiator component, a drive compressor is installed, and behind the drive compressor, a water-purifying chamber is located. On the end surface of the water-purifying chamber, a water pump is installed, and on one side of the water pump, a water raceway is provided. Also, on one side of the drive compressor, a parking compressor is installed. The system utilizes the vehicle’s air-conditioning radiator in two parallel rows and also has more than three one-way solenoid valves. In addition, this system is equipped with a forced spray mechanism. The first drive air-conditioning radiator component is located at the front of the system and is responsible for cooling the air inside the vehicle. The second drive air-conditioning radiator component is located behind the first component and helps to enhance the cooling performance. The circulation pipes are designed to transfer the coolant fluid between the various components of the system. The first pipe is connected to the inlets of the first and second drive radiator components, and the second pipe is connected to the outlets of these components. The compressor is located on one side of the first drive air-conditioning radiator component and compresses the cooling air, sending it to the system. The parking compressor is installed next to the main compressor and assists the air conditioner in the parking state. The water-purifying chamber is located behind the compressor and stores the cooling water. The water pump is installed to transfer water from the purifying chamber to other parts. The solenoid valves are used to control the flow of the coolant fluid and to change its path in the system. In this invention, the coolant fluid goes from the compressor to the first and second drive air-conditioning radiator components, then connects to the circulation pipes, and finally reaches the system’s outlets.

[0018] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN212827783U which was granted on 30 / 03 / 2021 titled “Heat storage absorption type parking air conditioner” introducesa heat absorption and energy storage type parking air conditioner. This system includes a heat storage device, a generator, and a refrigerant circuit. The heat storage device can exchange heat with the engine coolant and / or the vehicle's exhaust. The generator is connected to the heat storage device, and a heat storage medium in this device can heat the absorbent solution through the generator. The refrigerant circuit comprises a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, which are connected via refrigerant piping. After absorbing thermal energy from the heat storage device, the absorbent solution can flow through the refrigerant circuit, either absorbing heat inside the driver’s cabin to provide cooling or transferring heat into the cabin to provide heating. In general, this device absorbs and stores the heat from the engine coolant or the vehicle's exhaust fumes. The stored thermal energy in the heat storage device is transferred to the generator, and the generator, by heating an absorbent solution (including a combination of absorbent materials such as lithium bromide or ammonia and the refrigerant water), causes this solution to circulate in the ventilation circuit. This circuit includes a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator connected via refrigerant pipes, providing the ability to absorb or dissipate heat for the system. After absorbing thermal energy, the absorbent solution either transfers heat to the cabin (for heating) or absorbs cabin heat and transfers it outside (for cooling). To improve heat exchange, the solution pump directs the solution to a spray nozzle inside the solution chamber so that the solution is sprayed onto the generator’s surface, thereby increasing the contact area and heat exchange. At the top of the chamber, there is a vapor outlet, and at the bottom, there is a solution return inlet. After the solution is heated in the generator, the refrigerant vaporizes and enters the circuit, and after completing the cooling or heating cycle, it returns to the chamber. Both the condenser and the evaporator are equipped with cooling fans to effectively exchange heat with the ambient air. Using multi-way valves (four- wayand three-way) connected to different parts of the circuit, the direction of refrigerant flow is adjusted so that the circuit can perform both cooling and heating functions simultaneously.

[0019] A Japanese invention with publication No. JP2006273150A which was filed on 29 / 03 / 2005 titled “On-vehicle air-conditioner” provides an in-vehicle air conditioning system that is installed on a vehicle which has a constant-temperature compartment for cold or warm storage of objects and is capable of cooling or heating the interior cabin space even when the vehicle is parked for a long time and the engine is off. This in-vehicle air conditioning system includes a heat exchanger inside a compartment that exchanges heat between the air in the constanttemperature compartment and a thermal medium. A heat exchanger inside the cabin is also placed within the cabin. A thermal medium circulation path is formed between the heat exchangers. A water pump is also placed in the thermal medium circulation path to circulate the thermal medium, and a blower sends the air that has exchanged heat with the thermal medium, by circulating within the in-cabin heat exchanger, into the cabin. The constant-temperature compartment of this invention includes a thermostatic chamber that can keep items at cold or warm temperatures. This compartment is designed in such a way that the quality of the items inside it is maintained even when the vehicle’ s engine is stopped for a long time. There are two heat exchangers in this system: one inside the thermostatic chamber that exchanges heat with its internal environment, and another inside the cabin that transfers heat into the cabin. The system has a path for circulating a thermal liquid between the two heat exchangers. This liquid can be cooled or heated and is used to control the cabin temperature. The refrigeration compressors of this system, which are used to cool or heat the constant-temperature compartment, are activated by the vehicle’s engine in driving mode or by anelectric motor in parked mode. This capability allows the constant-temperature compartment to remain at a desirable temperature even when the vehicle is stopped. In this invention, when the vehicle is moving, the system uses the vehicle’s engine to operate the compressors. In a long-term parked state, the system uses an external power source to run the compressors, thereby avoiding excessive load on the vehicle’s battery. Furthermore, unlike older systems that used cold storage compartments, this system does not require a storage compartment, thus reducing its size and weight.

[0020] A Russian invention with patent No. RU201327U1 which was granted on 09 / 12 / 2020 titled “Vehicle Cabin Air Conditioning” especially relates to automobile air conditioning systems that are designed to cool and maintain a specified air temperature in the passenger cabin, whether the engine is running or stopped. The vehicle cabin air conditioning system includes an air conditioner, a condenser, an air conditioner compressor, electric fans, and an electric air conditioner compressor with an oil separator. The air conditioning unit is connected to the condenser and the air conditioner compressor through piping. The electric fans are mounted on the condenser. The electric air conditioner compressor, which has an oil separator, is connected to the air conditioner compressor via three-way fittings and piping. The technical result of this system is ensuring the operation of the standard air conditioning system when the vehicle is parked and the engine is off. When the truck is in motion and the air conditioning system is turned on, the standard air conditioner compressor is activated and compresses Freon gas. This compressed gas is transferred through pipes to the condenser and is cooled by air flow. Then, the cooled Freon in liquid form returns to the air conditioning unit, where it is converted back into gas and returned to the standard compressor. When the vehicle is stopped or parked in conditions wherethe engine is off or it is prohibited to turn it on, the standard compressor is inactive. In this situation, the electric compressor begins to operate and compresses the Freon. The compressed Freon is then directed through pipes to the condenser and is cooled by electric fans. This process is similar to the standard operation of the air conditioner system. Using T-fittings (three-way connectors), Freon is exchanged between the electric compressor and the standard compressor.

[0021] A Russian invention with patent No. RU2327580C1 which was granted 27 / 06 / 2008 titled “Automobile heating and air conditioning system” relates to a vehicle heating and air conditioning system, especially for trucks, to heat and cool the air inside the cabin while driving and parking. The interior of the vehicle is divided into a front section and a rear section, which can be heated and cooled separately. This system includes a front unit for heating and cooling the front section while the vehicle is in motion, a rear unit for heating and cooling the rear section while in motion, and a combined parking unit in the rear section to heat and cool at least the rear section when the vehicle is parked. The parking unit has a cooling heat exchanger and a cold storage battery. To cool the rear section while the vehicle is in motion, the same compressor is activated, which also functions as a charger for the cold storage battery. This invention also covers the method of heating and air conditioning a vehicle using the heating and air conditioning system. The cooling heat exchangers and the cold storage battery are part of a common cooling circuit that is driven by a pump. The front and rear sections are connected to a condenser and a compressor, although in some versions the parking unit has its own independent condenser and compressor. This system has a shared compressor for cooling the rear area in driving mode, which charges the cold storage battery. Additionally, the heat exchangers and evaporators of both areas (front and rear) and the parking unit are ventilated by a common fan.A Taiwanese invention with publication No. TW200930586A which was filed on 10 / 01 / 2009 titled “Condenser for use in vehicle” introduces a condenser for use in automobiles. This condenser includes integrated sections comprising: a compression section, which cools the refrigerant sent to this section from the refrigeration cycle compressor at high temperature and pressure through heat exchange between the refrigerant and the external air, thereby dissipating heat from the refrigerant; a storage tank that stores the liquefied refrigerant from the compression section; and a sub-cooling section that cools the high-pressure liquid refrigerant transferred from the storage tank to this section. The sub-cooling section is designed to cool the high-pressure liquid refrigerant entering from the storage tank through heat exchange — without using radiator fins — between the high-pressure liquid refrigerant and the low-pressure refrigerant exiting the refrigeration cycle evaporator. This invention provides a condenser unit for vehicles that can cool the refrigerant to a temperature lower than the external air temperature without relying on airflow speed. The system includes the following sections: a condenser unit that cools the hot, high-pressure refrigerant output from the compressor and liquefies it; a liquid storage tank that stores the liquefied refrigerant for use in other sections; a superspoli cooling section that cools the high-pressure liquid refrigerant without the need for a thermal sink, achieving temperatures lower than the external air temperature, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the vehicle’s air conditioning system. The operation of this system is improved under conditions where the vehicle speed is low or the vehicle is stationary. The superspoli cooling section cools the refrigerant through internal heat exchange, preventing a drop in condenser performance. This new structure also allows the refrigerant to be cooled to temperatures lower than the external air temperature, which improves the capacity and efficiency of the vehicle’s air conditioning system.A US invention with patent No. US7155920B2 which was granted on 02 / 01 / 2007 titled “Refrigerant cycle with tandem compressors and multiple condensers” refers to a refrigeration system with tandem compressors. Unlike traditional tandem systems, it does not include an exhaust manifold to connect the tandem compressors. Each of the tandem compressors is connected to its own dedicated condenser, while both compressors are still connected to a common suction manifold and a single evaporator. This configuration allows for additional temperature levels for heat dissipation associated with each condenser. The amount of refrigerant flowing from each condenser can be adjusted by flow control devices located at the compressor outputs, as well as by controlling the associated expansion devices or using other control methods such as airflow control in the condensers. By providing separate condensers, this invention allows heat to be dissipated at different temperatures and to different areas. For example, one condenser can be associated with an outdoor area, while the second condenser is linked to an indoor area that is at a different temperature. By controlling the temperature at which heat is dissipated, the amount of refrigerant passing through each condenser can be precisely regulated. One possible application is using one of the condensers to prevent excessive ice formation (defrosting operation), while the other condenser operates normally in the air conditioning system. Other applications may include heating the airflow in dehumidification programs or space heating. If more than two tandem compressors are connected, the system can operate at each additional temperature level associated with the added compressor. For example, with three compressors, heat dissipation at three temperature levels can be achieved by connecting each of the three compressors to a dedicated condenser. In another arrangement, two compressors out of three can operate with a common suction and exhaust manifold and be connected to the same condenser, while the third compressor is connected to a separate condenser. Of course, theapplication of tandem compressors can be similarly extended to more than three compressors.

[0022] A US invention with patent No. US8468843B2 which was granted on 25 / 6 / 2013 titled “Temperature control system in a parked vehicle” relates to an air conditioning system for controlling the temperature inside a vehicle that does not require the vehicle's engine to be running while parked. This system includes an auxiliary electric compressor that is powered by an auxiliary battery and operates alongside the vehicle's main compressor. The auxiliary electric compressor is connected in parallel with the main compressor in the refrigerant circuit, and both are connected to a common suction manifold and a single evaporator. The system has three operating modes: the driving mode, in which the engine and the main compressor are active and the auxiliary electric compressor is off; the parking mode, in which the engine is off and the main compressor does not operate, and the auxiliary electric compressor is activated using the auxiliary battery to compress the refrigerant to maintain the vehicle's interior temperature at the desired level; and the high cooling mode, which operates when additional cooling is needed (for example, very high external temperatures or heavy traffic), where both the main and auxiliary compressors operate simultaneously to increase the system's cooling capacity. In this invention, the refrigerant passes through the condenser and, after being filtered and dried in the receiver-dryer, enters the evaporator through the expansion valve. In the evaporator, the expanded refrigerant absorbs heat from the cabin. The gaseous refrigerant then travels through the common suction manifold to a three-way splitter, where it can enter either the main compressor or the auxiliary electric compressor. Depending on the operating mode, one or both compressors compress the refrigerant and send it to the condenser, where the refrigerant is cooled with the help of a cooling fan, and the cycle repeats.A US invention with publication No. US20120291478A1 which was filed on 20 / 05 / 2011 titled "Condenser for vehicle and air conditioning system for vehicle" relates to a condenser for a vehicle air conditioning system that, by reducing the number of components, simplifying the layout of connecting pipes, reducing cost and weight, and decreasing the size of the receiver-dryer, increases the heat exchange surface. These improvements lead to enhanced cooling efficiency and overall performance of the air conditioning system. The main radiative section is composed of multiple layered plates and is connected to the radiator to circulate the coolant. The refrigerant coming from the compressor circulates through this section and is condensed through heat exchange with the coolant. The integrated receiver-dryer receives the condensed refrigerant, separates the gas and liquid, and removes water. It is integrally formed on one end of the main radiative section and only discharges the liquid refrigerant outward. The sub-cooler radiator is integrally placed at the lower part of the main radiative section, between the main radiative section and the receiver-dryer. This section circulates the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant coming from the evaporator and supercools the refrigerant passing through the receiver-dryer through heat exchange with this refrigerant. The accumulator section receives the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the sub-cooler radiator and is integrally formed with the main radiative section and the other end of the sub-cooler radiator. This section is connected to the sub-cooler radiator to only send gaseous refrigerant to the compressor. The condenser is of a layered type where multiple plates are stacked together. This structure causes the refrigerant and coolant to flow through separate but adjacent paths, enabling effective heat exchange. By increasing the supercooling area, the refrigerant flow rate is increased through the expansion valve by increasing the amount of valve opening. The superheat of the refrigerant is reduced below a specified amount, which prevents an increase ininternal temperature and avoids thermal degradation of the electric compressor after the refrigerant is compressed.

[0023] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN 106976376B which was granted on 01 / 07 / 2022 titled "Parking cooler" relates to a mobile cooling or air conditioning system that operates using a battery when the vehicle is stationary. This invention can have varying cooling capacities depending on the operating mode and may include a variable-speed brushless DC compressor, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and at least one condenser. The invention features a housing designed to accommodate the cooling system internally. The system can have one or two housings. In systems with two housings, one housing contains the evaporator, and the other housing contains the compressor and condensers. These two housings can be positioned adjacent to each other or separately, and one of them can be placed inside the vehicle cabin. When a second condenser is used, the air conditioning system's capacity increases, allowing the system to provide different cooling capacities. Additionally, the system includes a controller mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) that manages the system's operation. The system can operate using battery power, enabling the driver to use the air conditioning during rest periods without needing to start the engine. This results in fuel savings and extends the battery's lifespan. The system's body is designed to accommodate one or two condensers. If there is a need to increase cooling capacity, a second condenser can be symmetrically added opposite the first condenser. In the operation of this invention, the compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser, where the refrigerant is cooled and converted into a liquid state. The refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve, reducing its pressure, and moves to the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the cabin air and returns cool air to the cabin. The printed circuit board includes an internal driver for the compressor,eliminating the need for an external driver. This board communicates with the system's components through communication ports and can amplify the input voltage.

[0024] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN112406474A which was filed on 26 / 02 / 2021 titled "Truck parking air conditioning system" relates to a cooling or air conditioning system designed for trucks with a simple structure that can cool the truck's cargo space during parking for unloading, traffic, and rest periods. This system easily enhances the cargo space, reduces fuel consumption, and offers good usability. This invention includes a compression system and an evaporation system that are interconnected. In this system, the compression and discharge of the compressor are connected to the compression system via a discharge pipe, and the gaseous refrigerant in the evaporation system is transferred to the compressor through an air inlet pipe. A distinguishing feature of this truck parking air conditioning system is that it is installed on the vehicle's roof and is connected to the interior space. It also includes a controller to manage the activation of the air conditioning system, and the input wire of this controller is connected to the vehicle's storage battery. The air conditioning system is fixedly installed on a base, which is mounted at the sunroof location on the top of the truck. An internal cover and a control panel assembly are placed inside the roof, connecting to the truck's interior space. The condenser system comprises a condenser assembly and a condenser fan assembly. Condenser separator plates are arranged around the condenser assembly and condenser fan assembly, dividing the condenser system into independent sections for condensation and heat dissipation, thereby improving condenser performance and heat dissipation. The evaporation system includes an evaporator and an evaporator fan. Evaporator separator plates are arranged around the evaporator and evaporator fan, dividing the evaporation system intoindependent sections for evaporation. Additionally, a controller is embedded in the system, connected to the compressor, condenser fan assembly, evaporator fan, internal cover, and control panel assembly, forming an electrical circuit.

[0025] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN115071374A which was filed on 20 / 09 / 2022 titled "Traveling and parking integrated air conditioning system and control method thereof" provides an integrated air conditioning system for both traveling and parking modes of a vehicle and its control method. This system includes a compressor, a four-way valve, an external heat exchanger, an internal heat exchanger, and a regulating valve. The compressor, four-way valve, internal and external heat exchangers, and regulating valve are connected in such a way that they form a refrigerant air circulation cycle. In the cooling process while the vehicle is moving, Port D of the four-way valve is connected to Port C, and Port E is connected to Port S. However, when the vehicle is parked for heating purposes, Port D of the four- way valve is connected to Port S, and Port E is connected to Port C. This invention overcomes a deficiency present in existing vehicle air conditioning systems, namely the ability to perform simultaneous heating while parked and cooling while moving in an integrated manner. The power storage unit can be charged via the vehicle's generator while moving and through an external generator while parked. The drive box monitors the instantaneous voltage of the power storage unit and, based on that, turns the external generator on or off. This system allows for heating while parked and cooling while moving using a single compressor.

[0026] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN117533097A which was filed on 09 / 02 / 2024 titled "Integrated parking air conditioner of truck" introduces an integrated truck parking air conditioning system. In this system, a cooling module assembly and an integrated air conditioning evaporator box assembly are mountedon the installation panel. Below the installation panel, there is an internal decorative air conditioning cover that is installed inside the vehicle, and above the installation panel, there is an external air conditioning cover that is installed outside the vehicle. A distinguishing feature of this system is that the condenser fan of the cooling module assembly is positioned inclined downward and toward the front of the vehicle (the air intake side). This integrated air conditioning system is easily installed and adjusted for trucks, occupies less space, improves service performance, and has greater and better usability. The condenser fan is positioned downward and towards the front air intake of the truck, which helps reduce wind resistance and fuel consumption. The external condenser cover brackets are located on both sides of the cover and are formed integrally with it. The condenser installation brackets are placed on the edges of the condenser in parallel flow and match the external cover brackets. The screw and stud installation seats on the front and rear sides of the condenser are mounted on the base panel, with the rear studs being higher than the front installation seats, which assists in the inclined installation of the components. A detachable waterproof baffling is located in the installation groove and near the evaporator, which prevents distillation water spray and helps extend the evaporator's lifespan.

[0027] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN209920980U which was granted on 01 / 07 / 2022 titled "Parking cooler" relates to a mobile cooling or air conditioning system that operates using a battery when the vehicle is stationary. This invention can have varying cooling capacities depending on the operating mode and may include a variable-speed brushless DC compressor, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and at least one condenser. The invention features a housing designed to accommodate the cooling system internally. The system can have one or two housings. In systems with two housings, one housing contains the evaporator, andthe other housing contains the compressor and condensers. These two housings can be positioned adjacent to each other or separately, and one of them can be placed inside the vehicle cabin. When a second condenser is used, the air conditioning system's capacity increases, allowing the system to provide different cooling capacities. Additionally, the system includes a controller mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) that manages the system's operation. The system can operate using battery power, enabling the driver to use the air conditioning during rest periods without needing to start the engine. This results in fuel savings and extends the battery's lifespan. The system's body is designed to accommodate one or two condensers. If there is a need to increase cooling capacity, a second condenser can be symmetrically added opposite the first condenser. In the operation of this invention, the compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser, where the refrigerant is cooled and converted into a liquid state. The refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve, reducing its pressure, and moves to the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the cabin air and returns cool air to the cabin. The printed circuit board includes an internal driver for the compressor, eliminating the need for an external driver. This board communicates with the system's components through communication ports and can amplify the input voltage.

[0028] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN211764819U which was granted on 27 / 10 / 2020 titled "Parking air conditioning system" presents an integrated truck parking air conditioning system. In this system, a cooling module assembly and an integrated air conditioning evaporator box assembly are mounted on the installation panel. Below the installation panel, there is an internal decorative air conditioning cover installed inside the vehicle, and above the installation panel, an external air conditioning cover is installed outside the vehicle. A distinguishingfeature of this system is that the condenser fan of the cooling module assembly is inclined downward and toward the front of the vehicle (the air intake side). This integrated air conditioning system is easily installed and adjusted for trucks, occupies less space, improves service performance, and offers enhanced usability. The condenser fan is positioned downward and toward the front air intake of the truck, which helps reduce wind resistance and fuel consumption. External condenser cover brackets are located on both sides of the cover and are integrally formed with it. The condenser installation brackets are placed on the edges of the condenser in parallel flow and align with the external cover brackets. The screw and stud installation seats on the front and rear sides of the condenser are mounted on the base panel, with the rear studs being higher than the front installation seats, assisting in the inclined installation of components. A detachable waterproof baffling is situated in the installation groove and near the evaporator, preventing the spray of distillation water and helping to extend the lifespan of the evaporator. A Korean invention with patent No. KR101862767B1 which was granted on 04 / 07 / 2018 titled "Air conditioner without starting the engine for vehicle" relates to a vehicle air conditioning system and specifically refers to a non-combustion air conditioning system for electric engines. This vehicle air conditioning system includes devices such as a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, and operates using the vehicle's battery power to increase installation efficiency on the vehicle and adjust air conditioning operations based on battery power supply. Thus, air conditioning drive technology with higher efficiency and greater stability is implemented. This non-combustion air conditioning system includes a compressor that operates using power supplied from the battery to compress the refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, an expansion valve that regulates and controls the condensedrefrigerant in the condenser, and an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant that has entered from the expansion valve. This air conditioning system is installed on the upper rear surface of the forklift, where the driving unit is located behind the forklift, and provides air conditioning for the electric motor. In this invention, the condenser is placed on the rear upper surface of the forklift, and the evaporator is located at the front of the forklift. An air flow channel is connected to the evaporator, which includes a cold air outlet channel for discharging cold air from the evaporator and an internal air inlet for drawing in internal cabin air. The air conditioning control panel is located on one side of the evaporator, and a side exhaust guide plate is installed in the cold air outlet channel to direct the cold air flow to the side. The cold air channel is connected to the cold air outlet channel and delivers the cold air from the evaporator to the cold air output vents that supply cold air into the forklift cabin. This channel includes a long longitudinal channel and a short side channel, both of which are connected to the exhaust connection sections in the cold air outlet channel.

[0029] A US invention with patent number US12049120B2 which was granted on 30 / 07 / 2024 titled "Parking cooler" refers to a mobile air conditioning system for vehicles that includes a variable- speed compressor and a brushless DC motor, a condenser, an evaporator, and an expansion valve. This system is housed within a single unit that can be connected to a vehicle. The internal space of this unit is divided into two sections: the first section includes main components such as the compressor and the evaporator, and the second section is designed for adding similar components to increase cooling capacity. The printed circuit board (PCB) in this system is used to control the speed of the fans and the compressor motor, and to receive feedback signals and data from various sensors including temperature and battery voltage. This air conditioning system also has thecapability to detect and control additional components such as a second compressor or condenser and can be connected to a remote display. The system’s housing may be a single piece or divided into two separate parts that can be installed separately in the vehicle. Sensors for measuring cabin temperature, external temperature, and battery voltage are also incorporated into this system to provide optimal performance. The system optimizes energy consumption by smartly controlling the speed of the compressor and the condenser and evaporator fans based on the comparison between the set temperature and the actual cabin temperature. This way, the required cooling is provided with minimal battery consumption, allowing the battery to remain active for longer periods. This system has the ability to change cooling capacity to offer the best performance based on different vehicle needs regarding size and varying temperature conditions. This capability makes the system suitable for various vehicles and reduces the need for additional parts in manufacturing and maintenance. The air conditioning system can be designed as a single unit or two units. In the dual-unit design, the evaporator and PCB are installed in one unit, and the compressor and condenser are placed in the other unit. This structure allows the user to choose the appropriate configuration for the vehicle.

[0030] A US invention with publication No. US20110016894A1 which was filed on 27 / 01 / 2011 titled "Truck Air Conditioner for Keeping Cabin Temperature Comfortable Independently of the Vehicle Engine" refers to a vehicle air conditioning system that is powered by batteries connected to the vehicle's engine. This system includes a direct current (DC) motor to drive the compressor, condenser, and evaporator, providing efficient heat exchange with minimal power consumption. The system has the capability to cool the vehicle cabin for 8 hours or more with an external temperature of up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit and a minimumheat exchange capacity of 8000 BTU. Additionally, the system automatically shuts off to prevent excessive battery discharge and utilizes a clutchless compressor and a condenser designed with tubes and fins. This system can cool the cabin up to a volume of 150 cubic feet at an external temperature of 90 degrees Fahrenheit with a power consumption of less than 45 amperes. It also features functionalities such as a low voltage cutoff to prevent battery drainage and a separate evaporator with a volume of less than 0.75 cubic feet. Installation of this system involves placing the evaporator inside the cabin and the compressor / condenser outside the cabin, connected via hoses. The system is designed to optimize energy consumption and is installed in trucks and other vehicles to provide stable and efficient cooling. The air conditioning system can be designed as a single-unit or dual-unit structure, where the evaporator is inside the cabin and the compressor and condenser are outside. This arrangement aids in improving heat distribution and cooling performance. The system can adjust the speeds of the compressor and fans based on the difference between the set temperature and the actual cabin temperature to optimize energy usage. Consequently, the system only consumes additional energy when higher cooling is required.

[0031] CURRENT ISSUES

[0032] The problem currently facing parking coolers is that during peak summer days, if a driver needs to rest in a location with extremely hot and dry weather, the parking cooler will not provide satisfactory and acceptable performance. Additionally, its operating time will be significantly reduced, necessitating the truck to be restarted shortly to recharge the battery or to use the truck's factory cooler for rest. In thesesituations, fuel consumption and air pollution will increase, and the quality of the driver's rest will not be optimal.

[0033] Despite significant advantages, current parking coolers have limitations. These limitations indicate the need for the development and improvement of parking air conditioning systems to operate with lower energy consumption, higher efficiency, and more compact dimensions.

[0034] DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

[0035] This invention pertains to the design and development of an optimized air conditioning system for vehicle parking areas, particularly for trucks. The system operates using a battery as its primary power source, eliminating the need to keep the vehicle's engine running for cooling purposes. The main objective of this invention is to enhance the efficiency of the parking cooler in extremely hot and dry regions, optimize battery power consumption, increase the parking cooler's operating time, and reduce the vehicle's fuel consumption.

[0036] In traditional parking cooler systems, which typically rely on a single condenser, the process of converting refrigerant gas into liquid is limited by the capacity and design of just one condenser. These limitations often result in reduced system performance under very hot and dry environmental conditions, as the condenser can only cool a portion of the refrigerant gas, with the remaining portion experiencing high temperatures, preventing the complete subcooling process. In the present invention, by adding an additional condenser to the system, these issues are significantly resolved.In this invention, unlike traditional air conditioning systems that typically use a single condenser for the heat exchange process, two condensers are utilized simultaneously (Figure 1). The primary condenser of this system is specially designed to allow its dimensions in length and width increase by approximately 60 percent, without altering the overall size of the parking cooler body. This innovative design enables the increase of the heat exchange surface area in the primary condenser, resulting in more efficient refrigerant gas evaporation. In this process, the refrigerant gas is converted into liquid more quickly and completely, significantly improving the gas-to-liquid conversion process.

[0037] The increase in the primary condenser's dimensions is designed in such a way as to effectively use the available space, while not increasing the overall volume of the system. This feature is particularly important in parking coolers, which have limited space. With this design, the refrigerant gas is converted to liquid at a faster rate, preventing undesirable heat dissipation and simultaneously enhancing the efficiency of the air conditioning system. These changes lead to better performance and more efficient energy consumption compared to conventional systems.

[0038] In addition to the primary condenser, this system utilizes a secondary condenser with a size equivalent to 50 to 60 percent of the primary condenser. The secondary condenser is connected in series to the primary condenser and is designed in such a way that the semi- stationary refrigerant gas, after passing through the primary condenser, enters the secondary condenser. This arrangement ensures that the refrigerant gas is completely and effectively converted into liquid in the secondary condenser. As a result, the gas-to-liquid conversion process occurs in two stages, which improves and increases the efficiency of the air conditioning system. These two stages of heat exchange not only enhance the system's performance but alsomake the energy consumption significantly more efficient compared to single-stage systems.

[0039] In previous air conditioning systems, the refrigerant gas, after passing through the condenser, was directly routed to the expansion valve. This process prevented the subcooling (additional cooling or undercooling of the gas) from being fully completed, especially in very hot and dry air conditions, resulting in the refrigerant gas temperature remaining high as it continued through the system. Due to the incomplete subcooling, the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle decreased, and part of the refrigerant remained at an undesirable temperature, and additionally, in these conditions, the refrigerant gas pressure was high, leading to a significant increase in energy consumption.

[0040] In the present invention, to address this issue, a pipe is connected at the end of the first condenser to the second condenser. This connection is designed to be parallel to the beginning of the first condenser. In other words, the location and arrangement of the second condenser are such that the heat generated in the second condenser is transferred only to a part of the first condenser, without negatively affecting the entire heat transfer process of the first condenser (Figure 2). In fact, this parallel design ensures that the excess heat created in the second condenser is effectively dissipated from the system, thereby optimizing the refrigerant gas cooling process (The second condenser is placed at the beginning of the first condenser).

[0041] With this design, the refrigerant gas undergoes a more complete subcooling process before entering the expansion valve, and enters the expansion stage at a more suitable temperature, ultimately improving the performance and efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.On the other hand, in some coolers, due to space limitations and the inability to increase the size of the condenser outlet fitting, the last section of the first condenser can be blocked by adding a partition. In this case, the existing fitting is used without changing its dimensions or design, which reduces installation costs and eliminates the need for extensive redesign (Figure 3).

[0042] Additionally, in this invention, the length of the main pipes of the second condenser, which connect to the pipes of the first condenser, has been reduced in such a way that the second condenser does not interfere with the cooler’ s parking chassis base. This reduction in length also ensures sufficient space for the passage and connection of pipes entering the second condenser from the first condenser. After this step, the pipes and base fittings are positioned in their proper places and are connected to each other using spot welding. Finally, the entire condenser assembly is placed inside the furnace, and the soldering process is carried out to complete the connection and sealing. This construction method, while adhering to technical standards, ensures the durability and efficiency of the condenser assembly under various conditions, while preventing heat loss and unnecessary increases in the refrigerant gas temperature along the refrigeration system path. In situations where the air conditioning system of the parking cooler is exposed to extremely high temperatures, especially in the range of 55 to 70 degrees Celsius, the system's performance requires precise and special adjustments in the refrigerant gas flow path to maintain optimal efficiency and prevent performance degradation. In this invention, a pipe with a width similar to the primary condenser and a thickness of approximately 5.8 Inch is connected to the condenser or the body of the parking cooler (Figure 4, No. 5). This pipe is designed to make use of appropriate fittings, with one fitting for gas intake and another for gas outlet. In this way, the cold gas return flow from the evaporator to the compressor isconnected to this pipe (Figure 4, No. 4) and the refrigerant gas exiting the condenser flows towards the expansion valve, which is in the larger pipe (Figure 4, No. 3), where it comes into contact with the cold pipe wall, effectively reducing the outlet temperature of the gas. This feature allows for precise control of the refrigerant gas flow and prevents rapid battery discharge, especially when the system is exposed to high temperatures.

[0043] This pipe is specifically designed so that, under high-temperature conditions, the refrigerant gas is directed uniformly and with controlled temperature toward the expansion valve. This improves the system's efficiency and increases the parking cooler's operating time, as the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas are optimally regulated to prevent excessive pressure on other system components. As a result, this design ensures that the system remains stable and efficient even at very high temperatures.

[0044] Additionally, in the middle of the previous cold connection pipe, a pipe with a larger wall radius is placed, which is completely sealed at both its inlet and outlet (Figure 4, No. 3). This larger pipe is responsible for evenly distributing the gas flow and ensuring that the refrigerant gas, after passing through the second condenser, is directed uniformly and with low temperature toward the expansion valve. The end of the second condenser is connected to one side of this larger pipe (Figure 4, No. 6), while the other side is connected to the fitting or outlet pipe (Figure 4, No. 1). This connection structure, which prevents any heat from the surrounding environment, ensures that the refrigerant gas, after being fully cooled in the second condenser, flows towards the expansion valve at a temperature lower than the ambient temperature, allowing the subcooling process to be effectively carried out.This process results in a significant reduction in the refrigerant gas temperature, even in very hot and dry conditions. This feature is particularly important in areas with hot and dry climates, as air conditioning systems in such conditions often face increased refrigerant gas temperatures and reduced efficiency. Therefore, this specially designed component can be manufactured independently and used in various sizes, tailored specifically for different parking coolers.

[0045] With this invention, the air conditioning system of the parking cooler becomes not only more resistant to high temperatures but also provides optimal performance even under harsh conditions. This innovation extends the system's lifespan, reduces energy consumption in parking coolers, and simultaneously helps reduce maintenance and repair costs.

[0046] The operation of the cold and hot pipes in this invention works as follows: the cold gas, which has just exited the evaporator and has not yet absorbed much heat, enters the cold pipe and returns to the compressor from there. The hot, high-pressure gas, which is transferred from the compressor to the condenser, loses heat and enters the pipe before entering the expansion stage. In this configuration, the hot gas pipe is positioned next to the cold gas pipe, and the hot gas, in proximity to the cold gas, transfers some of its heat to the cold pipe. As a result, the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve is reduced, and since the gas is partially cooled at this stage of the cycle, the compressor performs less compression, leading to higher cooling efficiency. Additionally, connecting the pipe to the double condenser provides greater efficiency and performance compared to connecting the pipe to the primary condenser alone.

[0047] By utilizing this advanced piping system, the refrigerant gas flow path is optimized, and the flow resistance in the circuit is reduced. As a result, when theparking cooler operates in very high temperatures and harsh weather conditions, the air conditioning system's performance improves, and energy consumption is minimized. This is particularly important in hot and dry conditions, as despite the intense environmental heat, the parking cooler can maintain optimal cooling inside the truck cabin and prevent a rapid rise in its internal temperature. In such conditions, less strain is placed on the battery, and sudden discharges are prevented.

[0048] This approach in design affects the system’s efficiency in various ways. First, it is important to highlight the simple yet effective nature of the heat exchange between the two pipes, which, despite its simplicity, plays a vital role in increasing cooling efficiency. Reducing the temperature of the hot gas before it enters the expansion valve decreases the heat load on the condenser as well and enhances heat transfer efficiency. On the other hand, the cooler gas entering the expansion valve reduces the pressure on the compressor. As a result, the compressor’s energy consumption decreases, and the operating time of the parking cooler with the battery is extended. Given the importance of this in hot weather, this design helps the parking cooler not only provide cooler air to the cabin but also significantly reduce maintenance costs and energy consumption.

[0049] The use of a double condenser, in conjunction with this advanced piping system, implements a two-stage heat dissipation process. Initially, some of the heat from the hot gas is absorbed in second condenser, and then the gas enters the doublewalled piping, where its temperature is reduced more effectively due to the larger heat exchange surface. This leads to a better completion of the subcooling process before the refrigerant enters the expansion stage. Ultimately, the result of this coordination of components and increased heat exchange surface is better system performance and cooling with less energy consumption.This design is also significant from the perspective of high-temperature tolerance and resistance to harsh environmental conditions. As the ambient temperature rises, the air conditioning system faces greater pressure; however, in this invention, the heat exchange mechanism between the cold and hot pipes reduces some of this pressure before the refrigerant gas reaches the double condenser. As a result, key components such as the compressor are not subjected to undesirable pressure, and their lifespan is extended.

[0050] In this context, minimizing energy consumption and preventing waste are of paramount importance, especially since parking coolers often run on batteries. Any increase in efficiency can lead to longer operating periods between each charge or engine restart. Therefore, the mentioned piping design is one of the standout features of this invention, which, in addition to improving overall performance, will also contribute to user satisfaction. Ultimately, a system has been created that provides optimal cooling without overloading the battery and device, while also having the capability to handle high temperatures and harsh environments.

[0051] Optimizing battery energy consumption is one of the standout features of this invention. The system uses smart controls to adjust energy consumption in various environmental conditions. Specifically, the speed of the compressor and fans is adjusted based on the cooling requirements and battery status, minimizing energy use and extending the system's operating time. These adaptive controls allow for stable and long-term cooling without needing to turn on the vehicle engine.

[0052] The compact and lightweight design of the air conditioning system has been developed using lightweight materials to minimize the space occupied in the truck cabin body and reduce the overall weight of the system. This design helps reducethe additional load on the vehicle cabin, preventing any negative impact on the overall performance of the vehicle.

[0053] ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0054] • Increased Cooling Efficiency in Hot and Dry Regions: By utilizing two condensers and optimizing the refrigerant gas flow path, cooling efficiency is significantly enhanced.

[0055] • Reduced Fuel and Energy Consumption: The use of a battery-powered system and intelligent energy controls decreases the vehicle's fuel consumption and prevents rapid battery drainage.

[0056] • Extended System Operating Time: By optimizing energy consumption, the air conditioning system can operate in parked mode for longer durations without the need to keep the engine running.

[0057] • Compact and Lightweight Design: Reduces the occupied space and overall system weight, lowers manufacturing costs, allows for easier installation, and minimizes the impact on vehicle performance.

[0058] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 shows the double condenser with the modified outlet fitting of the condenser.

[0060] Figure 2 shows a side view of the double condenser and the connection of the fitting to the outlet pipe of the second condenser.Figure 3 shows the double condenser with the partition closed.

[0061] Figure 4 shows the double condenser with dedicated cold and hot pipes, including:

[0062] No. 1: Pipe for the return gas flow path from the evaporator to the compressor.

[0063] No. 2: Fitting for connecting the return gas from the evaporator.

[0064] No. 3: Fitting for connecting to the compressor's suction line.

[0065] No. 4: Pipe for the outgoing gas flow from the condenser to the expansion valve.

[0066] No. 5 : Pipe for gas entry after complete circulation in the condensers, connected to the cold pipe's jacket.

[0067] No. 6: Fitting for gas exit from the mixed cold and hot pipes towards the expansion valve.

[0068] Figure 5 shows a single condenser with mixed pipes.

[0069] Figure 6 shows separate mixed cold and hot pipes, including:

[0070] No. 1: Fitting for the entry and exit of cold gas from the evaporator end towards the compressor.

[0071] No. 2: Fitting for the entry and exit at the condenser end towards the expansion valve.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. the invention of optimization system for truck parking cooler's efficiency in hot and dry areas by reducing energy consumption and increasing operating time, which includes at least one main condenser with an increased heat exchange surface, at least one secondary condenser connected to the first condenser, and at least one connecting pipe arranged in parallel with the ending of the first condenser, as well as at least one cold and hot connection pipe directing the refrigerant gas flow within the system.

2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the main condenser is capable of increasing its size by 20% to 85%, while the overall dimensions of the parking air conditioner's body remain unchanged.

3. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the second condenser is designed to be approximately 50 to 60 percent the size of the main condenser.

4. The air conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein the second condenser is directly connected to the first condenser, and after passing through the first condenser even in high temperature, the semi-condensed refrigerant gas is fully converted into liquid.

5. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the first and second condensers is designed such that the heat generated in the second condenser only enters a specific portion of the first condenser, without negatively affecting the overall heat transfer of the system.

6. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein a pipe with a width similar to the main condenser and a thickness of approximately 5.8 Inch is connected to the condenser or within the body of the parking cooler, with one connection for gas entry and one for gas exit.

7. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein a connection pipe for hot and cold fluids with a larger wall radius is provided, whichfacilitates heat exchange between the end of the return pipe and the end of the condenser.

8. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the return cold gas flow from the evaporator to the compressor is connected to this pipe, which significantly reduces the outlet temperature of the condenser.

9. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the hot and cold connection pipe is fully sealed and functions to uniformly distribute the refrigerant gas flow to the expansion valve.

10. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the end of the second condenser is connected to one side of the cold connection pipe, and the other side is connected to the refrigerant gas outlet fitting.

11. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant gas, after being cooled in the second condenser, is uniformly directed to the expansion valve with an optimal temperature.

12. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the hot gas pipe is positioned next to the cold gas pipe, and as the hot gas passes by the cold gas, some of its heat is transferred to the cold pipe, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve.

13. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the width of the second condenser pipes is reduced to provide sufficient space for the pipes to pass through the first condenser to the second condenser.

14. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant gas, after passing through the second condenser and before entering the expansion valve, passes through the wall of cold pipe to reduce its temperature and complete the subcooling process.

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