Terminal, base station, and wireless communication method

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a first downlink signal from a serving cell and receives a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell; and a control unit that controls transmission of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on the second downlink signal, or position information of the terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal.

Description

Terminal, base station, and wireless communication method

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, base stations, and wireless communication methods in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Existing specifications propose various positioning methods that estimate the location of wireless devices (e.g., terminals (UEs)) by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals.

[0006] In particular, positioning based on E-CID (Extended Cell ID) estimates the location of the UE based on the geometric position of the serving cell / neighbor cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0007] However, it is conceivable that various considerations for extending this positioning method to future systems may not be sufficient. If these aspects are unclear, it may affect the accuracy of terminal positioning.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a base station, and a wireless communication method that can improve the accuracy of terminal positioning.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a first downlink signal from a serving cell and a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell, and a control unit that controls the transmission of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on the second downlink signal, and location information of the terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the accuracy of terminal positioning can be improved.

[0011] Figures 1A and 1B show an example of positioning based on E-CID as disclosed. Figure 2 shows an example of parameters related to serving cell settings. Figure 3 shows an example of TA measurement. Figure 4 shows an example of reception timing difference. Figures 5A and 5B show an example of parameters related to E-CID measurement as disclosed. Figure 6 shows an example of a measurement procedure as disclosed. Figure 7 shows an example of information elements included in a measurement start request as disclosed. Figure 8 shows an example of a flowchart in a certain process (step) on the gNB side of the measurement procedure as disclosed. Figure 9 shows an example of information elements included in a measurement start response as disclosed. Figure 10 shows an example of parameters related to cell partial ID as disclosed. Figure 11 shows an example of information elements included in a measurement start failure as disclosed. Figure 12 shows an example of information elements included in a measurement failure instruction as disclosed. Figure 13A shows an example of reporting content as disclosed. Figure 13B shows an example of parameters included in measurement results as disclosed. Figure 14 shows an example of information elements related to TRP location information as disclosed. Figure 15 shows an example of information elements related to geographical coordinates in this disclosure. Figure 16 shows an example of information elements related to the measurement completion command in this disclosure. Figure 17 shows an example of TA measurement of a serving cell. Figure 18 shows an example of TA measurement of multiple cells according to Embodiment B1. Figure 19 shows another example of TA measurement of multiple cells according to Embodiment B1. Figure 20 shows an example of an E-CID measurement report related to option 1 of Embodiment B1. Figure 21 shows the first part of an example of an E-CID measurement result of a non-serving cell according to option 1 of Embodiment B1. Figure 22 shows the second part of an example of an E-CID measurement result of a non-serving cell according to option 1 of Embodiment B1. Figure 23 shows an example of an E-CID measurement report related to option 2 of Embodiment B1. Figure 24 shows the first part of an example of an E-CID measurement result related to option 2 of Embodiment B1. Figure 25 shows the second part of an example of an E-CID measurement result related to option 2 of Embodiment B1. Figure 26 shows the first part of an example of an E-CID measurement start request according to Embodiment B1.Figure 27 shows the second part of an example of an E-CID measurement start request according to Embodiment B1. Figure 28 shows an example of E-CID measurement according to Embodiment B1. Figure 29 shows an example of E-CID measurement according to Option 1 of Embodiment C1. Figure 30 shows an example of E-CID measurement according to Option 2 of Embodiment C1. Figure 31 shows an example of E-CID signal measurement information according to Option 2 of Embodiment C1. Figure 32 shows an example of E-CID measurement according to Option 3 of Embodiment C1. Figure 33 shows an example of E-CID provision location information according to Option 3 of Embodiment C1. Figure 34 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 35 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 36 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 37 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 38 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) in Rel. 18) Below, the steps of LTM operation are shown as LTM preparation (e.g., LTM preparation), early sync (e.g., Early sync), LTM execution (e.g., LTM execution), and LTM completion (e.g., LTM completion), but the steps of LTM are not limited to these. Some steps (or operations included in steps) may be omitted, the order of operations included in some steps and other operations included in other steps may be swapped, and other steps (or other operations) may be added. In this disclosure, early sync may be read as sync.

[0013] <LTM preparation> 1: The UE sends a measurement report message to the gNB. The gNB determines the LTM settings and begins preparing one or more candidate cells.

[0014] 2: The gNB sends an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE that includes the LTM candidate cell settings for one or more candidate cells.

[0015] 3. The UE saves its LTM candidate cell configuration and sends an RRC reconstruction completion message to the gNB.

[0016] <Early sync> 4a: The UE performs DL synchronization with one or more candidate cells before receiving a cell switch command. DL synchronization for candidate cells prior to the cell switch command may be supported by implementation based on SSB at least.

[0017] 4b: When requested from the network, the UE performs early TA acquisition with one or more candidate cells before receiving a cell switch command. This is triggered via CFRA by a PDCCH order from the source cell. The UE then sends a preamble to the designated candidate cell. To minimize data interruption to the source cell by Contention Free Random Access (CFRA) to the candidate cell, the UE does not receive RARs intended for acquiring the TA value. The TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell switch command. The UE does not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell and guarantees the validity of the TA based on the network implementation.

[0018] <LTM execution> 5: The UE performs the L1 measurement set for the candidate cell and sends the L1 measurement report for gNB. The L1 measurement is performed insofar as the RRC rearrangement in step 2 is applied.

[0019] 6. The gNB decides to perform a cell switch to the target cell and sends a MAC CE (Cell Switch Command) to trigger the cell switch. The MAC CE includes candidate settings for the target cell's index. The UE switches to the target cell and applies the settings indicated by the candidate setting index.

[0020] 7. If the UE does not have a valid TA for the target cell, it performs a random access procedure on the target cell.

[0021] <LTM Completion> 8: The UE completes the LTM cell switch procedure by sending an RRC reconfiguration completion message. The UE performs the RA procedure in step 7, and if the random access procedure completes successfully, it considers the LTM execution to be successfully completed. In a RACH-less LTM, the UE considers the LTM execution to be successfully completed if it determines that the network has successfully received the first UL data. The UE determines the success of the first UL data reception by receiving a PDCCH specifying the UE's C-RNTI in the target cell that schedules the next new transmission of the first UL data.

[0022] (Conditional LTM) This section describes examples of providing / signaling / evaluating execution conditions (e.g., execution condition(s)) for candidate cells when conditional LTM (e.g., conditional LTM (CLTM)) is supported.

[0023] RRC signaling / MAC CE may set execution conditions for each candidate cell. The execution conditions (or simply called "conditions") may include at least one of the following: event, reference signal type (RS type), reference signal configuration (RS configuration), and measurement quantity. The reference signal type (RS type) may indicate SSB / CSI-RS. The measurement quantity may indicate L1-RSRP / L3-RSRP / SINR / RSRQ.

[0024] The execution conditions may be set separately for each candidate cell (for example, different conditions may be supported). Alternatively, the execution conditions may be set in common for multiple candidate cells (for example, a group of candidate cells) or for all candidate cells. Alternatively, some of the execution conditions may be set in common for each candidate cell, while the rest are set separately. Some of the execution conditions may be events, and the rest may be condition values, etc. Of course, this is not limited to these.

[0025] The number of candidate cells for which execution conditions are provided may be defined in advance by the specification, set by the UE from the network (e.g., base station), or determined based on UE capabilities. For example, the number of cells for which execution conditions are provided may be the same as the set candidate cells, or it may be less than the total number of set candidate cells.

[0026] The settings for execution conditions (e.g., detailed settings) may be the same as the condition settings of the existing system. The condition settings of the existing system may be, for example, the condition settings supported by CHO supported in Rel. 16 (e.g., condition settings based on L3 measurement).

[0027] Alternatively, the settings for execution conditions may be the same as new condition settings for event-triggered L1 reporting (e.g., event-triggered L1 report). An example of a condition (or event) is shown below. Event A2: The serving cell's measurement result is worse than the threshold. Event A3: The adjacent cell's measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the SpCell's measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset). Event A4: The adjacent cell's measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the threshold. Event A5: The SpCell's measurement result is worse than the first threshold, and the adjacent cell's measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the second threshold. Event A6: The adjacent cell's measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the serving cell's (Secondary Cell (SCell)) measurement result (the measurement result plus an offset). Event I1: The interference measurement result is higher than the threshold. Event A4': The measurement result of one beam from an adjacent cell is better than the threshold. Event A4'': The statistical value (e.g., mean, sum, etc.) of the measurement results of multiple beams (e.g., the best X beams) is better than the threshold. X may be fixed or it may be set by upper-layer signaling, etc. Event A4''': The L1-RSRP measurement result of one beam from an adjacent cell is better than the threshold. Event A4'''': The L1-RSRP of each of the X beams from adjacent cells is better than the threshold.

[0028] The applicable conditions / events are not limited to those listed above; multiple events may be applied in combination, or other events may be applied.

[0029] (UE positioning) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the position of wireless devices using the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) scenarios.

[0030] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0031] In fingerprint localization, the location of a UE is estimated based on a database / AI model using fingerprints from multiple transmission paths (multipath) of the UE.

[0032] Multipath information may also include, for example, information regarding the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of signals in the optimal / candidate transmission path.

[0033] In this disclosure, AoA information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of arrival and the zenith angles of arrival. Similarly, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of departure and the zenith angles of departure.

[0034] 3GPP Rel. 16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: • Positioning based on DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA), • Positioning based on angle (DL AoD / UL AoA), • Positioning based on Multi-Round Trip Time (RTT), • Positioning based on Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID).

[0035] In DL / UL TDOA-based positioning, consider a case where, for example, multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are positioned around a UE. In this positioning method, the UE's position is estimated (measured) using the measured Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (T) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i,j are integers)) ｉ -T ｊ ) has a value (k ｉ，ｊ Connecting the points that take the shape of the hyperbola H ｉ，ｊ This can be drawn. The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (in this example, H ０，１、 H １，２、 H ２，０ The intersection of the two points may be estimated as the position of the UE. In addition, the position of the UE may be estimated using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0036] In positioning methods based on DL AoD / UL AoA, the position of the UE is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). Alternatively, the position of the UE may be estimated using RSRP.

[0037] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of a reference signal (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on RTTs can be drawn around each base station. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0038] E-CID-based positioning: In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated based on the geometric position of the serving cell / neighbor cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0039] The positioning in the above-mentioned DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) may be performed on the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate its own position based on various measurement results of the UE and assistance information from the LMF (assistance information). Also, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE reports various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE. The assistance information may be information for assisting in the position estimation of the UE.

[0040] The positioning in the above-mentioned UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station reports various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0041] The positioning in the above-mentioned DL and UL (multi-RTT, E-CID) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station reports various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0042] Also, in 3GPP Rel. 17, for the purpose of further improving positioning accuracy, a positioning method using assistance information has been proposed. The assistance information may be transmitted among the UE, the base station, and the LMF as measurement information for the above-mentioned DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, E-CID.

[0043] The assistance information may include information related to at least one of the following: - Timing Error Group (TEG), - RS-RPP (path-specific RS-RP), - Expected angle, - Adjacent beam information, - TRP antenna / beam information, - LOS / NLOS indicator, - Additional path report.

[0044] TEG may indicate one or more PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) resources whose transmission / reception timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0045] RSRPP may represent the measurement result of RSRP in the first pass.

[0046] In UL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate the expected UL-AoA / ZoA. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning from UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT.

[0047] In DL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning method from DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming of the UE or base station.

[0048] Furthermore, assistance information regarding the predicted angle may include not only the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, but also information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0049] As additional beam information, adjacent beam information may include a subset of DL-PRS resources for prioritizing DL-AoD reports (Option 1), or information regarding the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2). This enables optimization of UE's Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0050] Additionally, the assistance information may include PRS beam pattern information as additional beam information. This PRS beam pattern information may include information on the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0051] The LOS / NLOS indicator may display information related to LOS / NLOS.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to improve the positioning delay of the UE, pre-set measurement gaps (MG), MG activation via lower layers, MG-less position, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be set for the UE (or used by the UE).

[0053] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, it is agreed that UEs should measure and report the RSRP of adjacent beams in order to improve the accuracy of UE position estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF may indicate that at least one of the following options 1 and 2 is included in the assistance information.

[0054] Option 1: A subset of PRS resources for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AoD reporting. This subset may be set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities. The UE may include the PRS measurements required for a subset of PRS in the additional measurements of DL-AoD if the PRS measurements required for the relevant PRS are reported. The required PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. The subset related to a PRS resource may reside in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource in question. Option 2: Information regarding boresight direction set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities.

[0055] In 3GPP Rel. 16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, in Rel. 17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE in order to reduce errors and complexities in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0056] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) is being considered for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UE / gNB. The PRU may also be interpreted as UE / gNB / TRP (transmission reception point) / TP (transmission point).

[0057] For example, the PRU may support at least one of the following: - Measuring DL PRS and reporting the relevant measurement (e.g., RSTD / transmit / receive time difference / RSRP) to the LMF; - Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report the relevant measurement (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival: RTOA / transmit / receive time difference, AoA) to the LMF; - Operation, measurement, various parameters (enhancement of transmit / receive timing delay, AoD and AOA, and parameters related to measurement calibration); - Reporting the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF if the LMF does not have position coordinate information; - The reference device whose position is known is a UE / gNB; - An accuracy that allows the position of the reference device to be known.

[0058] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: direct AI / machine learning (ML) positioning and AI / ML-assisted positioning.

[0059] Positioning using such AI / ML technology may also be called AI-based positioning.

[0060] Direct AI / ML positioning outputs, for example, UE positioning (UE location). AI / ML assisted positioning outputs, for example, intermediate features. These intermediate features may be input back into the AI / ML model.

[0061] As an example of the AI / ML-assisted positioning output described above, at least one of the following may be included: • LOS / NLOS identification (probability of LOS / NLOS). • ToA (time of arrival of PRS / SRS). • Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) time difference. • AoA / AoD. • Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) phase difference (phase measurement of Rel. 18). • DL RSTD / UL TDOA. • DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPPs. • Likelihood of the above values ​​(e.g., probability of ToA).

[0062] Positioning in Rel. 18 introduces sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-TOA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. At least one of the following may be used as a measurement based on SL-PRS: SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR). Furthermore, as a measurement related to the carrier phase positioning method, at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD) may be used.

[0063] (Positioning based on E-CID (Extended Cell ID))

[0064] As described above, in E-CID-based positioning, the location of the UE is estimated based on the geometric position of the serving cell / neighbor cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0065] The positioning may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station (gNB) may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0066] To improve positioning accuracy, combining other metrics is being considered. In this case, it is not envisioned that additional measurements will be performed for positioning purposes.

[0067] For example, the following can be cited as metrics measured by UE (UE measurements described later): • RSRP (cell / beam-level SS / CSI-RSRP). • RSRQ (cell / beam-level SS / CSI-RSRQ).

[0068] Furthermore, the following can be given as examples of metrics measured by gNB (gNB measurements described later): • Timing advance (TA(T) ＡＤＶ )). ・UL AoA.

[0069] TA may refer to a function that measures the PRACH one-way propagation time and allows the UE to adjust the transmission timing to match the reception timing at gNB.

[0070] Figures 1A and 1B show an example of positioning based on E-CID as described in this disclosure.

[0071] For example, as shown in Figure 1A, positioning based solely on cell ID results in a relatively wide range for UE's estimated location.

[0072] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 1B, in positioning based on cell ID and TA, the distance between gNB and UE is calculated from the arrival time of the UL signal. Therefore, the range of the estimated position of UE can be made relatively narrow. In other words, according to the example in Figure 1B, it is possible to estimate the UE position with higher accuracy.

[0073] (Parameters / Metrics Related to E-CID Measurement) The parameters / metrics related to existing E-CID measurement may include the following.

[0074] <UE Measurement> - SS-RSRP (SS Reference Signal Received Power). - SS-RSRQ (SS Reference Signal Received Quality). - CSI-RSRP (CSI Reference Signal Received Power). - CSI-RSRQ (CSI Reference Signal Received Quality).

[0075] The above UE measurements may be aggregated at the cell level or measured for each SSB / CSI-RS resource.

[0076] <NR E-CID (E-UTRA) UE Measurement> The NR E-CID UE measurements for other RATs may include the following. - E-UTRA RSRP. - E-UTRA RSRQ.

[0077] The above E-UTRA UE measurements may be used only for UL [NR] E-CID based positioning.

[0078] <gNB Measurement> - UL AoA (Azimuth and Elevation Angle). - Timing Advance (TA(T ＡＤＶ )).

[0079] (Timing Advance Group) Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of parameters (ServingCellConfig) related to serving cell configuration.

[0080] As shown in this figure, ServingCellConfig includes two TAG IDs (tag-Id, tag2-Id) and a flag (tag2-flag).

[0081] tag-Id and tag2-Id indicate the Timing Advance Group (TAG) ID associated with the cell or the set of TCI states of the cell.

[0082] The tag2-Id can optionally be set on a serving cell only if multiple values ​​are set in the CORESET pool index for that serving cell.

[0083] The tag2-flag field indicates the association with tag2-Id. For example, if this field is set to "true", tag2-Id is associated with the value "0", and tag-Id is associated with the value "1" of the Ti bit field in RAR, Fallback RAR, and Absolute Timing Advance Command (TAC) MAC CE.

[0084] Otherwise, tag2-Id is associated with the value "1", and tag-Id is associated with the value "0" for the field Ti bit of RAR, fallback RAR, and absolute timing advance command (TAC) MAC CE.

[0085] (UL synchronization: RACH ordered by PDCCH) Cell switch command (CSC) Before MAC CE, a RACH ordered by CFRA PDCCH (PDCCH order) can be performed on candidate cells.

[0086] The RACH procedure is completed after PRACH transmission; that is, RAR reception does not occur. The TA value for candidate cells is maintained by the network only. Within the CSC MAC CE, the TA value for target cells only is specified.

[0087] The PDCCH order DCI (DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI) includes the following two new fields: ◆ Cell Indicator Field: The PRACH is sent to the candidate cell indicated by this field. If three candidate cells are configured in EarlyUlSyncConfig, in the Cell Indicator Field, a bit field value of 00 indicates the serving cell, a bit field value of 01 indicates candidate ID #1, a bit field value of 10 indicates candidate ID #2, and a bit field value of 11 indicates candidate ID #3. ◆ PRACH Resend Indicator Field: Power ramping occurs when the PDCCH order [that field within it] indicates a retransmission of a PRACH with the same SSB / cell indicator as the SSB / cell indicator for a past PRACH. In the PRACH Resend Indicator Field, a bit field value of 0 indicates the initial transmission of a PRACH, and a bit field value of 1 indicates a retransmission of a PRACH.

[0088] In the power reduction / dropping rules, PRACH to candidate cells takes precedence over any UL transmission.

[0089] An additional time gap is introduced between the PDCCH order and the PRACH transmission to the candidate cell.

[0090] As shown in the example in Figure 3, a PDCCH [order] from the serving cell directs candidate cell #3 to the UE. The UE sends a PRACH to candidate cell #3. Candidate cell #3 sends TA information [based on that PRACH] to the serving cell.

[0091] (UL Synchronization: UE-Based TA Measurement) UE-based TA measurement can be configured for each candidate cell. If the candidate cell's ltm-UE-MeasuredTA-ID is equal to the serving cell's ltm-UE-MeasuredTA-ID, the UE performs a UE-based TA measurement for the candidate cell. As shown in the example in Figure 4, the TA value is calculated by the difference in receive (Rx) timing between the serving cell and the candidate cell. The TA value is maintained / stored / managed solely by the UE. The calculation timing may depend on the UE implementation. If the TA of the target cell is not specified within the CSC MAC CE, and a UE-based TA measurement is configured for the target cell, the UE performs a UE-based TA measurement and uses the TA derived therefrom.

[0092] (NR Positioning Protocol: UE positioning in NG-RAN / Signalling protocols and interfaces) In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: ◆Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method): E-CID ◆Observed Time Difference Of Arrival: OTDOA ◆Multi-Round Trip Time: Multi-RTT ◆Uplink Angle of Arrival: UL-AoA ◆Azimuth-Angle of Arrival: A-AoA ◆Zenith-Angle of Arrival: Z-AoA ◆Uplink Time Difference of Arrival: UL-TDOA ◆Downlink Time Difference of Arrival: DL-TDOA ◆Downlink Angle-of-Departure: DL-AoD ◆wireless local area network: WLAN ◆terrestrial beacon system: TBS ◆Metropolitan Beacon System: MBS ◆Positioning Reference Signal: PRS ◆UserPlane Location Protocol: ULP

[0093] The NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) transmits information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. It is used to support the following positioning functions: ◆ E-CID for E-UTRA, where measured values ​​are transferred from ng-eNB to LMF. ◆ Data collection from ng-eNB or gNB to support OTDOA for E-UTRA. ◆ Acquisition of cell IDs and cell portion (portion) IDs from gNBs to support NR cell ID positioning methods. ◆ Exchange of information between LMFs and NG-RAN nodes for the purpose of broadcasting assistance data. ◆ NR E-CID, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆ NR Multi-RTT, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆ NR UL-AoA, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆NR UL-TDOA, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆Data acquisition from gNB for support of DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, Multi-RTT, UL-TDOA, and UL-AoA. ◆Transfer of measurement pre-configuration information, allowing LMF to request the NG-RAN node to pre-configure and activate / deactivate the measurement gap / PRS processing window.

[0094] The LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) is terminated between the target device (UE in the control plane case, or SET in the user plane case) and the positioning server (LMF in the control plane case, or SLP in the user plane case).

[0095] The LPP protocol aims to enable the positioning of NR and LTE using multiple different positioning methods, while separating the details of any specific positioning method from the details of the underlying transport.

[0096] An LPP procedure involves request / response pairing of multiple messages or one or more "unaccepted" messages. Each procedure has a single objective (e.g., transfer of assistance data, exchange of LPP-related capabilities, or positioning of a target device according to some QoS and one or more positioning method specifications). Multiple procedures can be used in series or parallel to achieve more complex objectives (e.g., positioning of a target device with respect to the transfer of assistance data and the exchange of LPP-related capabilities). Multiple procedures further allow for attempting more than one positioning simultaneously (e.g., to obtain a coarse location estimate using low latency and a more accurate location estimate using high latency).

[0097] (Analysis) By the way, in the existing E-CID positioning specifications, measurement results are reported for each cell, and reporting for each TRP is not supported.

[0098] On the other hand, for Timing Advance (TA), it is supported that up to two TAs are set and reported from TRP to UE. Therefore, support for measurement reporting on a TRP basis is also being considered for E-CID positioning.

[0099] However, the various regulations to support the measurement reporting of TRP units have not been sufficiently considered.

[0100] If these details are unclear, E-CID positioning may not be performed properly, potentially affecting positioning accuracy. As a result, high-precision positioning may not be achieved, potentially impacting communication throughput and quality.

[0101] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived a way to solve these problems.

[0102] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0103] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0104] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0105] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0106] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0107] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0108] For example, upper-layer signaling (upper-layer parameters) related to positioning may be defined as one of the following information elements: LPP, NRPPa, or RRC. Specifically, LPP indicates upper-layer parameters exchanged (sent and received) between the UE and LMF, and may be used, for example, for DL ​​positioning. NRPPa indicates upper-layer parameters exchanged between the gNB and LMF, and may be used, for example, for UL positioning. RRC indicates upper-layer parameters exchanged between the UE and NW (gNB / LMF), and may be used, for example, for UL positioning.

[0109] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0110] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0111] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0112] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] In this disclosure, positioning may be interpreted interchangeably with location determination, location estimation, location prediction, etc. In this disclosure, KPI (Key Performance Indicator) and performance metrics may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, performance metrics calculation, model monitoring, and performance monitoring may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In the following embodiments, the relevant entities are UE / gNB / LMF to describe an AI model relating to communication between UE / gNB / LMF, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE / gNB / LMF in the embodiments below may be read as a first UE, a second UE, a third, and so on. In other words, any UE / gNB / LMF in this disclosure may be read as any UE / gNB / LMF. Also, NW / base station (BS) / gNB / LMF / TRP may be read as one another.

[0115] In this disclosure, antenna port, subband, angle, and delay may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, NW, base station, gNB, and LMF may be interpreted interchangeably. LMF may be interpreted interchangeably with equipment (such as a server) that implements the LMF.

[0116] In this disclosure, terms such as encoder, encoding, encoding / encoded, modification / change / control by an encoder, compression, compression / compressed, generating, and generated / generated may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0117] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0118] In this disclosure, "sample-based" and "per sample" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Sample" and "sampling" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Path-based" and "per path" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Positioning," "measurement," and "reporting" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "Information Element (IE)" and "Upper Layer" parameters may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "transmission" and "reporting" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Path" and "additional path" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] The examples in this disclosure are applicable to all Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures, and for example, the reported information may be applied to data collection for AI / ML, such as model inference, performance monitoring, model training, and model updates. Positioning in this disclosure may be performed by UE / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN.

[0120] In this disclosure, DL [positioning] and UL [positioning] may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0121] In this disclosure, PRS (DL-PRS) and SRS (UL-PRS) may be interpreted interchangeably. PRS may be used for DL ​​positioning, and SRS may be used for UL positioning.

[0122] In this disclosure, SRS, SRS for MIMO, and SRS for positioning may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0123] In this disclosure, positioning frequency layer (PFL), CC, and positioning frequency [layer / band] may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0124] In this disclosure, "configuration / instruction from the network" may be interpreted interchangeably with "configuration / instruction / activation by upper layer signaling (RRC / LPP / NRPPPa / MAC CE)" and "physical layer signaling (DCI)."

[0125] In this disclosure, gNB, LMF, and NG-RAN may be interpreted interchangeably. LMF is defined as one of the network functions (NFs) provided in the core network and performs communication control related to location information. LMF may be installed in any device on the core network. The LMF-side model may be an AI / ML model installed in a device on the core network. LMF-based positioning may be any method of deriving location information using the LMF-side model.

[0126] In this disclosure, the terms "function" and "functionality" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0127] In this disclosure, labels, location information, location-related information, positioning intermediate values, LOS / NLOS indicators, timing information, various quality information, Part B, non-measurement information, environmental information, environmental parameters, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0128] In this disclosure, PRU information for AI / ML-based positioning, PRU information, information relating to PRU, PRU-related information, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0129] In this disclosure, the names of parameters / information are merely examples. For example, the notation "-rxx" (e.g., xx is 19) indicating the release number listed in each parameter does not have to be included in each parameter, and different numbers may be indicated.

[0130] In this disclosure, UE side and terminal side may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, NW side, base station side, gNB side, TRP side, LMF side, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0131] In this disclosure, measurement results, measurement [value], measurement, metric, and report content may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0132] In this disclosure, reporting granularity may mean whether the reporting unit is per cell or per TRP. In other words, reporting granularity and reporting unit may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0133] In this disclosure, the terms serving gNB(cell) and primary gNB(cell) may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms non-serving gNB(cell), neighbor gNB(cell), and secondary gNB(cell) may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0134] (Wireless communication method) The embodiments will be described below based on these. Each embodiment / option may be applied individually or in combination with others.

[0135] This disclosure provides an example of positioning using E-CID (which may also be called E-CID-based positioning, etc.). The embodiments of this disclosure are applicable not only to positioning without AI / ML technology, but also to positioning using AI / ML technology (AI-based positioning).

[0136] UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may perform positioning and related operations (measurement / prediction / reporting / transmission / reception) by applying the various provisions described above and the embodiments shown below.

[0137] The UE / NW (gNB) may receive various settings for positioning / measurement / reporting. Furthermore, the UE / NW (gNB) may report / transmit the corresponding prediction (positioning) results to the NW (LMF).

[0138] The network (gNB / LMF) may transmit various settings for positioning, measurement, and reporting to the UE / gNB. Furthermore, the network may receive corresponding prediction results (reports) from the UE / gNB.

[0139] The UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may control various positioning operations (sending and receiving related information) by applying the embodiments of this disclosure and the various provisions described above. Furthermore, the UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may perform information exchange among multiple entities to realize these various operations.

[0140] Each embodiment of this disclosure clarifies the provisions regarding positioning based on E-CID. As a result, it is possible to improve the accuracy of positioning. Improved positioning accuracy can be expected to lead to improved communication throughput and quality.

[0141] <Embodiment A0> Embodiment A0 relates to E-CID-based positioning on a TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell basis.

[0142] <<Reporting Unit / Reporting Particle Size>> gNB may report E-CID measurements per TRP / per cell.

[0143] The reporting granularity (whether per TRP or per cell) may be determined according to the information elements (IE) of individual higher-level parameters (e.g., NRPPa). That is, individual information elements (higher-level parameters) may be defined / introduced for each reporting granularity. These information elements (E-CID measurement per TRP / per cell) may be newly defined or may be included in (defined by) existing information elements (e.g., higher-level parameters related to E-CID measurement).

[0144] More specifically, E-CID measurements for each TRP and E-CID measurements for each cell may be defined as parameters (information elements) within the same higher-level parameter, or they may each be defined as information elements of an independent higher-level parameter.

[0145] <<Reporting Timing>> The gNB may report E-CID measurements for each TRP and E-CID measurements for each cell simultaneously. Alternatively, the gNB may report E-CID measurements for each TRP and E-CID measurements for each cell separately. Alternatively, the gNB may report only one of either E-CID measurements for each TRP or E-CID measurements for each cell. Alternatively, the gNB may select the reporting content (reporting granularity) according to CHOICE or other parameters.

[0146] <<Mandatory / Optional Reporting Units>> Either E-CID measurement per TRP or E-CID measurement per cell may be mandatory or optional. Alternatively, both E-CID measurement per TRP and E-CID measurement per cell may be mandatory or optional.

[0147] <<Setting / Instructing Report Granularity>> The reporting granularity (whether per TRP or per cell) may be set / instructed / requested by the network (e.g., LMF). In response to such setting / instruction / request from the network, the gNB may send (reply) the measurement result or a failure [of measurement / reporting].

[0148] <<Report Contents (Measurement Results / Metrics)>> gNB may include measurement results (metrics) in the report and send / report them to NW. Here, the report may only include results that gNB was able to measure.

[0149] The Network Worker (LMF) may determine, based on the report, whether the measurement on the gNB side was successful or not. For example, if a specific metric is not included in the report, the Network Worker may assume / determine that the gNB was unable to measure that specific metric.

[0150] The report may or may not include the cell ID / TRP ID. For example, the cell ID / TRP ID may be included in the report content for each cell (e.g., E-CID measurement results). Alternatively, the TRP ID may be included within the cell ID.

[0151] Furthermore, E-CID measurement results in TRP units may be specified / introduced as a new reporting requirement. This reporting requirement may include TRP ID / cell ID.

[0152] Figures 5A and 5B show examples of parameters related to E-CID measurement in this disclosure.

[0153] For example, as shown in Figure 5A, the E-CID measurement results may include the measurement results / TRP ID for each TRP.

[0154] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5B, the measurement result / TRP ID for each TRP may be included in an independent parameter for each TRP.

[0155] The reported content (metrics to be reported) may include at least one of the following in addition to the above: • TA. • UL AoA. • RSRP. • RSRQ. • UE side / gNB side transmission / reception (Rx-Tx) time difference.

[0156] The reporting granularity may differ for each metric. For example, some metrics may be reported per cell, while others may be reported per TRP.

[0157] <<Association with Timing Advance>> The reporting of TA for each TRP may be associated with the TAG (Timing Advance Group) ID (e.g., tag ID, tag2 ID).

[0158] The number of TAG IDs is not limited to two; it can be three or more.

[0159] If the UE does not support 2TA (i.e., does not have a tag2 ID), the gNB may report one TA value associated with one TRP measurement result. Alternatively, in this case, the gNB may report one (common) TA value associated with multiple TRP measurement results.

[0160] <<Association with Co-location>> The reporting granularity may be determined based on whether or not it is a co-location. For example, the reporting granularity may differ depending on whether TRP is a co-location or not.

[0161] More specifically, for collocation TRPs, cell-level reporting may be applied, while for non-collocation TRPs, TRP-level reporting may be applied.

[0162] gNB may report an ID corresponding to the TRP location (it may be included in the report). NW may determine whether or not the TRP is a colocation based on that ID.

[0163] Alternatively, the gNB may report IDs corresponding to each TRP location without distinguishing between collocations and non-collocations.

[0164] According to this embodiment, E-CID-based positioning at the TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell level becomes clear. The NW (gNB / LMF) can appropriately control the E-CID-based positioning at the TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell level.

[0165] <Embodiment A1> Embodiment A1 relates to a procedure for E-CID-based positioning on a TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell basis.

[0166] The procedures described herein illustrate operations between networks (between gNBs and LMFs). gNBs may be interpreted interchangeably with NG-RANs [nodes].

[0167] In this disclosure, positioning, measurement, and positioning may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0168] Figure 6 shows an example of a measurement procedure relating to this disclosure. As shown in this figure, the positioning procedure of this disclosure may include the following steps for sending and receiving information: Step #1: E-CID measurement initiation request [message]. Step #2: E-CID measurement initiation response [message]. Step #3: E-CID measurement initiation failure [message]. Step #4: E-CID measurement failure indication [message]. Step #5: E-CID measurement report [message]. Step #6: E-CID measurement termination command [message].

[0169] The details of each of these steps are described below. These steps are merely examples, and some steps (for example, steps #3 and #4) do not necessarily have to be performed. In addition, other steps may be added to the positioning procedure.

[0170] <<Request to start measurement>> The LMF may send a request to the gNB to start (execute) E-CID-based positioning (step #1). This request may be called the [E-CID] measurement start request [message].

[0171] The gNB may receive the request. Based on the request, the gNB may decide / control the start of the measurement.

[0172] The gNB may receive such request for each TRP. The request may include individual higher-layer parameters defined for each TRP (e.g., NRPPa), or higher-layer parameters that set / instruct the reporting of measurement results for each TRP.

[0173] Figure 7 shows an example of information elements (settings) included in the measurement start request of this disclosure. As shown in this figure, in addition to the existing information elements, the measurement start request may include information elements regarding the measurement results for each TRP and information elements regarding the measured particle size.

[0174] Note that setting the measurement / reporting level and reporting granularity for each TRP may be optional features.

[0175] The reporting granularity may include a value indicating the granularity of the measurement / report. For example, a value of "0" may indicate cell-level measurement / reporting, and a value of "1" may indicate TRP-level measurement / reporting.

[0176] gNB may determine / interpret whether the measured / reported granularity is at the cell level / TRP level based on the reported granularity value.

[0177] Furthermore, if the request does not include any informational elements (settings) regarding the reporting granularity, gNB may perform the default action. The default action may mean cell-level measurement / reporting.

[0178] In other words, if no information elements (settings) regarding the reporting granularity are configured, gNB may perform cell-level measurement / reporting as its default behavior.

[0179] <<Measurement Start Response>> Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart in a certain process (step) on the gNB side of the measurement procedure of the present disclosure.

[0180] Upon receiving the request in step #1, the gNB may determine whether it is capable of performing the measurement corresponding to the request (see step #2').

[0181] If the gNB determines that it can successfully initiate the requested measurement (measurable) (Step #2': YES), it may send / report a response to the request to the LMF (Step #2). This response may be called the [E-CID] Measurement Initiation Response [Message].

[0182] The response may signify a message indicating that the requested measurement has started successfully (the gNB is ready to measure). Upon receiving the response, the LMF may recognize that the measurement [at the TRP / cell level] has started (or is ready to start) on the gNB side.

[0183] The gNB may transmit the response for each TRP. The response may include individual higher-layer parameters defined for each TRP (e.g., NRPPa), or higher-layer parameters that set / instruct the reporting of measurement results for each TRP.

[0184] Figure 9 shows an example of information elements (settings) included in the measurement start response of this disclosure. As shown in this figure, the measurement start response may include, in addition to the existing information elements, information elements related to the measurement results for each TRP and information elements related to the measured particle size.

[0185] Note that setting the measurement / reporting level and reporting granularity for each TRP may be optional features.

[0186] The reporting granularity may include a value indicating the granularity of the measurement / report. For example, a value of "0" may indicate cell-level measurement / reporting, and a value of "1" may indicate TRP-level measurement / reporting.

[0187] gNB may determine / interpret whether the measured / reported granularity is at the cell level / TRP level based on the reported granularity value.

[0188] Furthermore, if no information elements (settings) regarding the reporting granularity are set, gNB may perform the default action. The default action may mean cell-level measurement / reporting.

[0189] In other words, if no information elements (settings) regarding the reporting granularity are configured, gNB may perform cell-level measurement / reporting as its default behavior.

[0190] Furthermore, the response may include informational elements (parameters) related to the cell portion ID.

[0191] Figure 10 shows an example of parameters related to the cell portion ID of this disclosure.

[0192] As shown in this diagram, the cell portion ID may refer to an ID that identifies / indicates a portion of the current cell (a portion of multiple cells (or within a single cell)) associated with the target UE. For example, the cell portion ID may be used for resource management, traffic management, etc.

[0193] The cell portion IDs in this disclosure may be associated with a specific TRP ID / cell ID (e.g., the one being measured).

[0194] <<Measurement Start Failed>> Upon receiving the request in step #1, the gNB may determine whether it is possible to perform the measurement corresponding to the request (see step #2' in Figure 8).

[0195] If the gNB determines that it cannot start the requested measurement [successfully] (i.e., it is not measurable) (Step #2': NO), it may send / report a measurement start failure message to the LMF in response to the request (Step #3). This response / message may be called the [E-CID] measurement start failure [message].

[0196] In other words, if the gNB is unable to perform the measurement / report at the reporting granularity (TRP level / cell level) requested in step #1, it may send (return) a measurement start failure message to the LMF.

[0197] More specifically, for example, in step #1, if the gNB is requested to perform positioning for each TRP (i.e., TRP level), the gNB may return a message to the LMF indicating that it cannot perform cell-level / TRP-level measurements (a failure message).

[0198] Alternatively, in step #1, if the gNB is requested to perform cell-level positioning (i.e., cell-level positioning), and is unable to perform cell-level / TRP-level measurements, it may return a message to that effect (a failure message) to the LMF.

[0199] Figure 11 shows an example of an information element (setting) included in a measurement start failure of this disclosure. This information element may include the content of the failure message described above.

[0200] Furthermore, if the gNB is unable to perform the measurement / report at the reporting granularity requested in step #1, it may send a response to the LMF (as the message in step #2) indicating that it can perform the measurement / report at a different reporting granularity, instead of sending a failure message (the message in step #3).

[0201] For example, if a gNB is requested to perform positioning for each TRP but is unable to perform measurement / reporting for each TRP, the gNB may send a message to the LMF indicating that it can perform cell-level measurement / reporting (or the cell-level measurement results) instead of a failure message.

[0202] Alternatively, if gNB cannot perform measurement / reporting at the requested reporting granularity but can perform measurement / reporting at a different granularity, it may send a request to the LMF indicating that measurement / reporting at a different granularity is possible within one information element (e.g., a parameter related to the cause in Figure 11), another information element (setting), or a request for measurement / reporting at a different granularity.

[0203] <<Measurement Failure Indicator>> If, after the gNB reports in step #2 that it is able to perform the corresponding measurement (e.g., measurement / reporting for each TRP) (measurement start response), it becomes unable to perform / continue the corresponding measurement / report [during measurement execution], the gNB may send / report a failure indication to the LMF (step #4). This failure indication may be called the [E-CID] Measurement Failure Indicator [Message].

[0204] Figure 12 shows an example of an information element (setting) included in the measurement failure instruction of the present disclosure. This information element may include the content of the message relating to the failure instruction described above.

[0205] For example, if the gNB becomes unable to perform or continue measuring / reporting for each TRP / cell, the gNB may send / report this fact (failure instruction) to the LMF.

[0206] Alternatively, if it becomes impossible to perform / continue measurement / reporting at the requested reporting granularity, instead of sending a failure message, a response indicating that measurement / reporting can be performed at a different reporting granularity may be sent to the LMF [for example, as the message in step #2].

[0207] More specifically, if the gNB is requested to perform positioning for each TRP, but is unable to perform / continue the measurement / reporting for each TRP, the gNB may send a message to the LMF indicating that it can perform cell-level measurement / reporting (or cell-level measurement results) instead of a failure message.

[0208] Alternatively, if gNB cannot perform / continue measurement / reporting at the requested reporting granularity but can perform measurement / reporting at a different granularity, it may send a request to the LMF indicating that measurement / reporting at a different granularity is possible within one information element (e.g., a parameter related to the cause in Figure 12) or another information element (setting).

[0209] <<Measurement Report>> If gNB can perform the measurement / report at the requested reporting granularity, it may perform the measurement based on the request and send / report the measurement results (metric) to LMF (Step #5).

[0210] For example, gNB may report measurement results for each TRP. The measurement results (reported content) may include the measurement results / metrics described in Embodiment A0.

[0211] Figure 13A shows an example of the reporting content of this disclosure. Figure 13B shows an example of the parameters included in the measurement results of this disclosure. Figure 14 shows an example of the information elements related to TRP location information of this disclosure. Figure 15 shows an example of the information elements related to geographical coordinates of this disclosure.

[0212] The report may include parameters related to the cell portion ID (see Figure 13A) in addition to the measurement results. As mentioned above, the cell portion ID may be associated with a specific TRP ID / cell ID (e.g., the one being measured).

[0213] Furthermore, the measurement results (see Figure 13B) may include parameters related to TRP location information (see, for example, Figure 14) and geographical coordinates (see, for example, Figure 15), in addition to the measurement results for each cell / TRP. The mobile access point location information in Figure 13B may be interpreted as [mobile] TRP location information.

[0214] These information elements (parameters) may be reported for each TRP. For example, as described above, the measurement results for each cell (E-CID measurement results) may include the cell ID, the measurement results for each TRP, and the TRP ID (see Figure 5A).

[0215] Furthermore, the measurement results for each TRP and the TRP ID may be included in the independent parameters (reported content) for each TRP (see Figure 5B).

[0216] In both Figure 5A and 5B, different TRP location information and parameters related to geographic coordinates may be included for each TRP.

[0217] <<Measurement Termination Command>> When the LMF receives the report in step #5, for example, it may send a command to the gNB at a predetermined time to indicate the termination of the measurement (step #6). This command may be called the [E-CID] measurement termination command.

[0218] The gNB may receive the command. In other words, the gNB may be instructed by the command to terminate the corresponding measurement.

[0219] Figure 16 shows an example of information elements for a measurement termination command in this disclosure. As shown in this figure, the measurement termination command may include parameters related to measurement particle size in addition to existing parameters. The parameters related to measurement particle size may indicate the measurement particle size to be terminated (per TRP / per cell).

[0220] More specifically, the measurement granularity may include a value indicating the granularity of the measurement. For example, a value of "0" may indicate cell-level measurement, and a value of "1" may indicate TRP-level measurement. Note that the measurement granularity and the reported granularity may be interchangeable.

[0221] The gNB may terminate the corresponding measurement upon receiving the command (it may control / execute the termination). For example, upon receiving the command, the gNB may terminate the E-CID measurement (positioning) itself, regardless of the content of the command.

[0222] Alternatively, the gNB may control / determine the end of the measurement according to the measurement particle size value in the command. For example, if the value "0" is specified, the gNB may end the cell-level measurement. On the other hand, if the value "1" is specified, the gNB may end the TRP-level measurement.

[0223] In this case (when controlling / determining the end of measurement according to the measured particle size value), the gNB may continue measuring measurements that are not subject to termination instructions (measurements with values ​​different from the instructed value).

[0224] More specifically, the LMF may include in the command, in addition to the [value] of the measurement granularity that instructs the measurement to be terminated, [other values] of the measurement granularity to execute / continue the measurement. Alternatively, the LMF may send a message to the gNB separately from the command that corresponds to step #1 requesting the execution of the measurement (i.e., a request to start a new measurement).

[0225] gNB may terminate the measurement based on the granularity for which termination is indicated, while simultaneously executing / continuing measurements based on other granularities, based on instructions for measurement [execute / continue] based on other measurement granularities separately included in the command, or on a measurement start request separate from the command.

[0226] For example, if measurement / reporting for each TRP is no longer required, the gNB may receive cell-specific measurement instructions from the LMF instead of that command.

[0227] Furthermore, if the command does not include any information elements (settings) related to the measured particle size, gNB may perform its default action. This default action may mean terminating the measurement / reporting of the TRP level.

[0228] In other words, if no information elements (settings) regarding the measured particle size are set or instructed, the gNB may, as its default behavior, terminate the measurement / reporting of the TRP level.

[0229] <<Modification>> In the above embodiment, the TRP level measurement / reporting and the cell level measurement / reporting may be performed simultaneously or separately.

[0230] For example, if both TRP-level and cell-level measurements / reports are set up / instructed, the gNB may treat the measurement result for a certain TRP as a single cell-level measurement result and report it to the LMF. Alternatively, the gNB may treat the measurement result for a single cell as a measurement result for a specific TRP within that cell (which may be called the default TRP) and report it to the LMF.

[0231] According to this embodiment, the procedure for E-CID-based positioning at the TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell level becomes clear. The NW (gNB / LMF) can appropriately control the E-CID-based positioning at the TRP (transmit / receive point) / cell level.

[0232] <Issue B> In the conditional LTM of Rel. 18 / 19, the following is being considered: ◆ The base station instructs the transmission of PRACH to candidate cells by PDCCH [order], measures / calculates the TA based on the PRACH transmission, and manages the TA. As shown in the example in Figure 17, the UE transmits PRACH to the serving gNB and non-serving gNB. The serving gNB measures the TA and reports a report including the TA of the serving cell to the LMF. ◆ The UE measures / calculates the TA based on the DL signal.

[0233] In each embodiment, the [measurement] metric may include at least one of the following multiple measures: ◆TA. ◆RSTD. ◆relative time of arrival (RTOA). ◆UL AoA. ◆DL AoD. ◆RSRP. ◆RSRQ. ◆UE-side / gNB-side transmit / receive (Rx-Tx) time difference (Time Difference). ◆RSCP. ◆RSCPD.

[0234] If each embodiment uses a metric other than TA, each embodiment may be applied to at least one of E-CID positioning, DL / UL-TDOA positioning, multi-RTT positioning, DL-AoD positioning, or UL-AoA positioning.

[0235] <Embodiment B1> The gNB may send a report of the [E-CID] measurement for each TRP / cell / target UE to the LMF.

[0236] A gNB may, [based on Embodiment A0 / Embodiment A1] report multiple TRP measurement results within a single cell, or report measurement results for multiple cells for a single UE simultaneously / sequentially / continuously. When reporting measurement results for multiple cells for a single UE simultaneously / sequentially / continuously, the serving cell's gNB (serving gNB) may request / receive / acquire / hold the measurement results of gNBs other than the serving cell (non-serving gNBs).

[0237] As shown in the example in Figure 18, the UE may send a PRACH to the serving gNB and the non-serving gNB, so that the serving gNB and the non-serving gNB each measure the TA. The serving gNB may report to the LMF a report including the TA of the serving cell and the TA of the non-serving cell.

[0238] In this disclosure, the PRACH signal from the UE to the serving gNB (serving cell) and the first uplink signal may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the PRACH signal from the UE to the non-serving gNB (non-serving cell) and the second uplink signal may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the measurement result of the serving gNB (serving cell) based on the first uplink signal and the first measurement result may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the measurement result of the non-serving gNB (non-serving cell) based on the second uplink signal and the first measurement result may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. The serving gNB may receive the first uplink signal and generate a first measurement result based on the first uplink signal. The non-serving gNB may receive the second uplink signal and generate a second measurement result based on the second uplink signal.

[0239] In the following example, the gNB that reports measurement results to the LMF is assumed to be a serving gNB. However, a non-serving gNB may report measurement results for multiple cells to the LMF, or a primary gNB for location reporting may report measurement results for multiple cells to the LMF. The primary gNB may be defined in common with or separately from the serving gNB.

[0240] The gNB may report to the LMF some of the gNB / TRP measurement results for serving and some of the gNB / TRP measurement results for non-serving. The LMF may assume that the measurement of gNB / TRP / metrics not included in this report was impossible / failed. The gNB may also measure gNB / TRP / metrics not included in this report and report those gNB / TRP / metrics (the remaining measurement results from serving and non-serving gNB / TRP measurements, excluding the reported measurement results) separately.

[0241] The metrics reported may differ for each cell / TRP. For example, a report corresponding to a serving cell may include TA and UL AoA measurements, while a report corresponding to a non-serving cell may include only TA measurements.

[0242] In the LMF, a timer (e.g., X [seconds]) may be specified to wait for reports of gNB / TRP / metrics not included in the report. For example, the LMF may calculate the position using the measurements reported to the LMF within X seconds from the first report from the serving gNB. The timer may terminate before the measurement end command. In this case, the LMF may use all measurements reported / received during the timer operation to calculate the position. The timer may terminate after the measurement end command. In this case, the LMF may use measurements reported / received before the measurement end command is received to calculate the position, but may not use measurements reported / received after the measurement end command.

[0243] gNB may include a timestamp of the measurement (measurement value) in the report. Based on this report, LMF can determine whether multiple measurements can be merged. If the timestamps of multiple measurements are the same or within a certain range, LMF may determine that the multiple measurements can be merged and use those multiple measurements to calculate the position.

[0244] Multiple gNBs may report their measurement results to the LMF. For example, each serving gNB and each non-serving gNB may report their measurement results to the LMF. As shown in the example in Figure 19, the UE may send a PRACH to the serving gNB and non-serving gNB so that each of them measures the TA. Each of the serving gNB and non-serving gNB may then send a report including the measured TA to the LMF.

[0245] <<Reporting Method>> Reporting from the serving gNB to the LMF may be based on at least one of the following options:

[0246] <<<Option 1>>> The [E-CID] measurement report from the serving gNB may include the [E-CID] measurement results for each cell / TRP. The reported IE for the serving cell and the reported IE for the non-serving cell may be different. If the [E-CID] measurement report includes measurements from multiple cells / TRPs, the reported IE may be a list of IEs.

[0247] As shown in the example in Figure 20, the E-CID measurement report may include E-CID measurement results for non-serving cells. As shown in the examples in Figures 21 and 22, the E-CID measurement results for non-serving cells may include at least one of one or more cell IDs and one or more cell tracking area codes (Cell TACs). The cell ID may be the NG-RAN cell identifier of the non-serving cell. The cell TAC may be the TAC of the non-serving cell. The E-CID measurement results for non-serving cells may include a measurement report for each TRP based on Embodiment A0 / Embodiment A1. Each parameter in the E-CID measurement results [of serving cells or non-serving cells], or in the E-CID measurement results [of serving cells or non-serving cells], may be a list of multiple IEs for multiple cells / TRPs.

[0248] <<<Option 2>>> The [E-CID] measurement report from the serving gNB includes the [E-CID] measurement result, and the [E-CID] measurement result may include the measurement result from the serving cell / non-serving cell. The reporting IE for the serving cell and the reporting IE for the non-serving cell may be the same. If the [E-CID] measurement report includes measurements from multiple cells / TRPs, the reporting IE may be a list of IEs.

[0249] As shown in the example in Figure 23, the E-CID measurement report may include an E-CID Measurement Result [which is an IE common to serving and non-serving cells]. As shown in the examples in Figures 24 and 25, the E-CID Measurement Result may include at least one of one or more Cell IDs and one or more Cell TACs. Each Cell ID may be an NG-RAN cell identifier for a serving cell / non-serving cell. Each Cell TAC may be a TAC for a serving cell / non-serving cell. The E-CID Measurement Result may include a measurement report for each TRP based on Embodiment A0 / Embodiment A1. The E-CID Measurement Result, or each parameter within the E-CID Measurement Result, may be a list of multiple IEs for multiple cells / TRPs.

[0250] <<<Variations>>> E-CID measurement start request [message]: A serving gNB may receive an E-CID measurement start request from the LMF, which is a request for measurement [based on E-CID] of the serving / non-serving gNB.

[0251] <<<Variations>>> E-CID measurement start response [message]: The serving gNB may return an E-CID measurement start response to the LMF, which is a response to the request for measurement of the serving / non-serving gNB.

[0252] <<<Variations>>> E-CID measurement start failure [message]: The serving gNB may return an E-CID measurement start failure message to the LMF, indicating that it was unable to start the measurement of the serving / non-serving gNB (start failure).

[0253] <<<Variations>>> E-CID measurement failure message: The serving gNB may return an E-CID measurement failure message to the LMF indicating that the serving / non-serving gNB could not be measured (measurement failure).

[0254] <<<Variations>>> E-CID measurement termination command [message]: The serving gNB may receive an E-CID measurement termination command from the LMF that instructs the LMF to terminate the measurement of the serving / non-serving gNBs.

[0255] <<<Variations>>> In each variation, the non-serving gNBs may be all non-serving gNBs that perform positioning, or they may be some of the non-serving gNBs that perform positioning.

[0256] <<<Variations>>> In one or more steps / messages of the measurement sequence, the corresponding variation (the behavior of a serving gNB receiving / sending messages for a serving / non-serving gNB) may be applied, or in other steps, the behavior of the serving gNB and non-serving gNB may be performed respectively (each of the serving gNB and non-serving gNBs may receive / send the corresponding message).

[0257] <<<Variations>>> The message in each variation may include information indicating which cell (serving gNB / non-serving gNB) the instruction / request is for, or which cell (serving gNB / non-serving gNB) the response / failure is for.

[0258] As shown in the examples in Figures 26 and 27, the E-CID measurement start request may include at least one of the following: one or more cell IDs [of one or more serving cells / non-serving cells] that are subject to E-CID measurement, and one or more cell TACs [of one or more serving cells / non-serving cells] that are subject to E-CID measurement. Other messages in each variation may include at least one of the cell IDs and cell TACs.

[0259] <<<Example>>> As shown in the example in Figure 28, all messages for measurement may pass through the serving gNB. The LMF sends an E-CID measurement start request to the serving gNB [including a request to the non-serving gNB to start the E-CID measurement], and the serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement start request to the non-serving gNB (step #1). The E-CID measurement start request message may be sent from the LMF to the NG-RAN node (gNB) or from the serving gNB to the non-serving gNB to start the E-CID measurement. If the E-CID measurement can be started, the non-serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement start response (step #2) to the serving gNB, and the serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement start response (step #2) [including the E-CID measurement start response from the non-serving gNB] to the LMF. An E-CID measurement start response message may be sent from a non-serving gNB to a serving gNB, or from an NG-RAN node (gNB) to the LMF, to indicate that the requested E-CID measurement has been successfully started. If it is not possible to start the E-CID measurement, the non-serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement start failure (step #3) to the serving gNB, and the serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement start failure (step #3) [including the E-CID measurement start failure from the non-serving gNB] to the LMF. An E-CID measurement start failure message may be sent from a non-serving gNB to a serving gNB, or from an NG-RAN node (gNB) to the LMF, to indicate that the requested E-CID measurement cannot be started. After step #2, a non-serving gNB may send an E-CID measurement failure instruction to a serving gNB, and the serving gNB may send an E-CID measurement failure instruction to the LMF [including the E-CID measurement failure instruction from the non-serving gNB] (step #4). The E-CID measurement failure instruction message may be sent from a non-serving gNB to a serving gNB, or from an NG-RAN node (gNB) to the LMF, to indicate that the previously requested E-CID measurement can no longer be reported.After step #2, the non-serving gNB may send an E-CID measurement report to the serving gNB, and the serving gNB may send an E-CID measurement report [including the E-CID measurement report from the non-serving gNB] to the LMF (step #5). The E-CID measurement report may be sent from an NG-RAN node (gNB) to the LMF or from a non-serving gNB to the serving gNB to report the results of the requested E-CID measurement. The LMF sends an E-CID measurement termination command [including an E-CID measurement termination command to the non-serving gNB] to the serving gNB, and the serving gNB sends an E-CID measurement termination command to the non-serving gNB (step #6). The E-CID measurement completion command message may be sent from the LMF to the NG-RAN node (gNB) or from the serving gNB to the non-serving gNB to terminate the requested E-CID measurement.

[0260] According to Embodiment B1, the LMF can appropriately acquire / receive measurement results from multiple cells / TRPs.

[0261] <Embodiment C1> The UE may measure / maintain metrics for one or more gNBs.

[0262] The UE may retain measurement results for multiple TRPs within a single cell.

[0263] The UE may report / transmit the measurement results of multiple cells / multiple TRPs to the gNB simultaneously / sequentially / continuously.

[0264] The UE may report some of the measurement results for multiple cells / multiple TRPs to the LMF. The LMF may assume that the measurement of gNB / TRP / metrics not included in this report was impossible / failed. The UE / gNB may measure gNB / TRP / metrics not included in this report and report those gNB / TRP / metrics (the remaining measurement results from the multiple cells / multiple TRPs, excluding the reported measurement results) individually.

[0265] The metrics reported may differ for each cell / TRP. For example, a report corresponding to a serving cell may include TA and UL AoA measurements, while a report corresponding to a non-serving cell may include only TA measurements.

[0266] In the LMF, a timer (e.g., X [seconds]) may be specified to wait for reports of gNB / TRP / metrics not included in the report. For example, the LMF may calculate the position using the measurements reported to the LMF within X seconds from the first report from the serving gNB. The timer may terminate before the measurement end command. In this case, the LMF may use all measurements reported / received during the timer operation to calculate the position. The timer may terminate after the measurement end command. In this case, the LMF may use measurements reported / received before the measurement end command is received to calculate the position, but may not use measurements reported / received after the measurement end command.

[0267] The UE may include a timestamp of the measurement (measurement value) in the report. Based on this report, the LMF can determine whether multiple measurements can be merged. If the timestamps of multiple measurements are the same or within a certain range, the LMF may determine that the multiple measurements can be merged and use those measurements to calculate the position.

[0268] Embodiments B1 and C1 may be combined. When the UE reports one or more measurements to the LMF, the serving gNB may report to the LMF measurements corresponding to one or more non-serving gNB / TRPs that do not overlap with or overlap with the non-serving gNB / TRPs that correspond to the measurements included in the report from the UE.

[0269] <<Reporting Method>> Reports from the UE may be based on at least one of the following options:

[0270] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may report one or more [E-CID] measurement results to a single gNB. The reporting destination may be a serving gNB or a primary gNB for location reporting. The primary gNB may be defined in common with or separately from the serving gNB. As shown in the example in Figure 29, the UE may receive arbitrary signals (e.g., DLRS) from the serving gNB and non-serving gNBs and measure the TA for the serving cell and the TA for the non-serving cell. The UE may then send a report containing the TAs of multiple cells to the serving gNB. The serving gNB may receive the report and send it to the LMF.

[0271] The reporting operation from the serving gNB to the LMF may be based on Embodiment B1. Here, the "measured value" in Embodiment B1 may be replaced with the "reported value from the UE".

[0272] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may report one or more measurements (e.g., TA values) directly to the LMF using LPP. As shown in the example in Figure 30, the UE may receive arbitrary signals (e.g., DLRS) from the serving gNB and non-serving gNB and measure the TA for the serving cell and the TA for the non-serving cell. The UE may then send a report containing the TAs of multiple cells to the LMF.

[0273] In the E-CID signal measurement information (reported by the UE) from the UE to the LMF, at least one of the following may be added: the measured value (e.g., TA value) and a measurement report related to the measured value. The measurement report may include at least one of the following parameters: ◆ Timestamp; ◆ Quality / uncertainty / reliability level; ◆ TEG; ◆ LOS / NLOS indicator.

[0274] An LPP message includes a message body. The LPP message body may also include provideLocationInformation. The provideLocationInformation message body within the LPP message is used by the target device (UE) to provide positioning measurements or location estimations to the positioning server (LMF), and may include NR-ECID-ProvideLocationInformation-r16. The nr-ECID-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 is used by the target device (UE) to provide NR-ECID positioning measurements to the positioning server (LMF), and may also include NR-ECID-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16.

[0275] As shown in the example in Figure 31, NR-ECID-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16 may include primary cell measurement results (NR-PrimaryCellMeasuredResults-r16) or a list of measurement results (nr-MeasuredResultsList-r16). nr-MeasuredResultsList-r16 may contain one or more NR-PrimaryCellMeasuredResults-r16. NR-PrimaryCellMeasuredResults-r16 may include at least one of nr-PhysCellID-r16, nr-ARFCN-r16, nr-CellGlobalID-r16, systemFrameNumber-r16, resultsSSB-Cell-r16, resultsCSI-RS-Cell-r16, resultsSSB-Indexes-r16, resultsCSI-RS-Indexes-r16, a timestamp (e.g., nr-TimeStamp-r20), and a TA (e.g., nr-TimingAdvance-r20). nr-TimeStamp-r20 may be represented by NR-TimeStamp-r16. nr-TimingAdvance-r20 may be represented by a non-negative integer (e.g., an integer from 0 to 7690).

[0276] <<<Option 3>>> The UE may calculate its location information from one or more measurements (e.g., TA values). As shown in the example in Figure 32, the UE may receive arbitrary signals (DL RS) from the serving gNB and non-serving gNB and measure the TA for the serving cell and the TA for the non-serving cell. The UE may receive assistance data from the LMF, calculate its location information based on the measurement results and assistance data, and transmit a report of the location information to the LMF. The UE may receive assistance data from the LMF before receiving arbitrary signals.

[0277] The UE may report the calculation results to the LMF. The calculation results may include at least one of the following parameters: ◆ UE location information; ◆ Timestamp; ◆ Quality / uncertainty / reliability level.

[0278] As shown in the example in Figure 33, nr-ECID-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 may include at least one of nr-ECID-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16, E-CID positioning information (e.g., nr-ECID-LocationInformation-r19), and nr-ECID-Error-r16. nr-ECID-LocationInformation-r19 may include the calculation result of the UE's location information.

[0279] Prior to measurement / calculation, assistance data for the UE to perform positioning calculations may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE. The assistance data may include at least one of the following parameters: ◆ At least one of the candidate cell / TRP's physical cell ID (PCI), global cell ID (GCI), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), and PRS ID. ◆ Geographical coordinates of the cell / TRP. ◆ Timing information and related information for the TRP Tx TEG ID. ◆ LOS / NLOS indicators. ◆ Validity area of ​​the assistance data. ◆ PRU location information / measurement results.

[0280] According to Embodiment C1, the LMF can appropriately acquire / receive measurement results / UE position information of multiple cells / TRPs.

[0281] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0282] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0283] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0284] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0285] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0286] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0287] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0288] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0289] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0290] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0291] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0292] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS (NW / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN), specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0293] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; • Supporting AI / ML-based (using AI / ML models) positioning; • Supporting E-CID-based positioning; • Supporting 2TA (two TAs (TAG IDs)); • Supporting E-CID positioning per TRP (TRP level) / per cell (cell level).

[0294] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0295] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0296] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0297] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure (in particular, embodiment C1). <Note 1> A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a first downlink signal from a serving cell and a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell; and a control unit that controls the transmission of a report including at least one of: a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal; a second measurement result based on the second downlink signal; and location information of the terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the report includes the first measurement result and the second measurement result. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit controls the transmission of a first report including a part of the first measurement result and the second measurement result, and controls the transmission of a second report including the remainder of the first measurement result and the second measurement result from the transmission of the first report until the timer has elapsed, or from the transmission of the first report until the reception of an end command. <Note 4> The receiving unit receives assistance data for the location information, the control unit generates the location information based on the first measurement result, the second measurement result and the assistance data, and the report includes the location information, as described in any of Notes 1 to 3. <Supplement> The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210. <Note A> A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits a first downlink signal, and a control unit that controls the reception of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell, and location information of a terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal. <Supplement> The transmitting unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit may be a control unit 110.

[0298] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0299] Figure 34 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0300] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0301] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0302] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0303] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0304] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0305] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0306] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0307] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0308] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0309] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0310] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0311] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0312] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0313] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0314] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0315] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0316] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0317] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0318] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0319] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0320] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0321] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0322] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0323] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0324] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0325] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0326] (Base Station) Figure 35 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0327] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0328] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0329] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0330] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0331] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0332] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0333] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0334] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0335] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0336] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0337] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0338] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0339] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0340] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0341] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0342] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0343] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0344] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0345] The control unit 110 may perform at least a part of the processing of the control unit as described above.

[0346] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may perform at least a part of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit as described above.

[0347] (User Terminal) Figure 36 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0348] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0349] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0350] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0351] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0352] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0353] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0354] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0355] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0356] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0357] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0358] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0359] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0360] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0361] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0362] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0363] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0364] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0365] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0366] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0367] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 37 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0368] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0369] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0370] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0371] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0372] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0373] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0374] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0375] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0376] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0377] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0378] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0379] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0380] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0381] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0382] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0383] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0384] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0385] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0386] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0387] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0388] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0389] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0390] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0391] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0392] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0393] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0394] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0395] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0396] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0397] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0398] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0399] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0400] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0401] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0402] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0403] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0404] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0405] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0406] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0407] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0408] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0409] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0410] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0411] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0412] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0413] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0414] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0415] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0416] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0417] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0418] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0419] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0420] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0421] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0422] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0423] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0424] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0425] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0426] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0427] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0428] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0429] Figure 38 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0430] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0431] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0432] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0433] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0434] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0435] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0436] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0437] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0438] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0439] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0440] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0441] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0442] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0443] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0444] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0445] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to systems that utilize Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Further, it may be applied in combination with a plurality of systems (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0446] The description "based on" used in the present disclosure does not mean "only based on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the description "based on" means both "only based on" and "at least based on".

[0447] Any reference to an element using terms such as "first", "second", etc. used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These terms can be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not mean that only two elements can be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some form.

[0448] The term "determining" used in this disclosure may encompass a variety of operations. For example, "determining" may be considered to be "judging", "calculating", "computing", "processing", "deriving", "investigating", "looking up, search, inquiry" (e.g., searching in a table, database, or another data structure), "ascertaining", etc.

[0449] Also, "determining" may be considered to be "receiving" (e.g., receiving information), "transmitting" (e.g., transmitting information), "input", "output", "accessing" (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0450] Also, "determining" may be considered to be "resolving", "selecting", "choosing", "establishing", "comparing", etc. That is, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" some operation. In this disclosure, "determining" may be read interchangeably with the operations described above.

[0451] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0452] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0453] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0454] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0455] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0456] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0457] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0458] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0459] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0460] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0461] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0462] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0463] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives a first downlink signal from a serving cell and a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell, and a control unit that controls the transmission of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on the second downlink signal, and location information of the terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the report includes the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the transmission of a first report including a part of the first measurement result and the second measurement result, and controls the transmission of a second report including the remainder of the first measurement result and the second measurement result from the transmission of the first report until the timer has elapsed, or from the transmission of the first report until the termination command has been received.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives assistance data for the location information, the control unit generates the location information based on the first measurement result, the second measurement result and the assistance data, and the report includes the location information.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving a first downlink signal from a serving cell and receiving a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell; and controlling the transmission of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on the second downlink signal, and location information of the terminal based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits a first downlink signal, and a control unit that controls the reception of a report including at least one of a first measurement result based on the first downlink signal, a second measurement result based on a second downlink signal from a non-serving cell, and terminal location information based on the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal.

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