Nanofertilizer suitable for fertilization by drone

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of nanofertilizer with different formulations suitable for fertilization by drones, in which the needs of trace elements as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs of plants are met.

Description

[0001] NANOFERTILIZER SUITABLE FOR FERTILIZATION BY DRONE Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the production of nanofertilizer with different formulations suitable for fertilization by drones, in which the needs of trace elements as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs of plants are met.

[0003] State of the Art

[0004] Fertilizers commonly used in agricultural systems may have a larger size than the plant root and / or leaf pore size, as well as a lower surface area due to their large particle size. Especially the penetration of the elements with low solubility in water from the surface to the plant, where they are applied due to their size, can significantly reduce the uptake, and use efficiency of the nutrients. It is aimed to increase the amount of nutrients that can be taken by the plant by increasing the amount of nutrients in the fertilizers used in traditional agricultural systems. However, unconscious, and excessive fertilizer use reduces the effectiveness of the use of plant nutrients by the plant but causes the balance of nutrients in the plant and soil, and the physical and chemical structure of the soil.

[0005] Considering the general characteristics of the soils, the number of microelements that can be taken by the plant is reduced by combining with other cations in the soil due to the particle size of the microelements applied with traditional fertilizers. The solubility and particle size should be reduced considerably in order to increase the uptake of plant nutrient by the plant. However, in the current fertilizer production technology, the solubility of the elements is tried to be increased by reducing them to micro dimensions and using the chelating method.

[0006] It has been observed that nitrate pollution in plants has increased as a result of intensive fertilization programs applied to meet the increasing nutritional needs in the world. This paves the way for the formation of many toxic compounds in the human body by passing to living things through the food chain. In addition, the increasing nitrate concentration in groundwater affects drinking water and reaches humans. Effective use of nitrogen fertilizers is extremely important to prevent this.In the current system, there are patent / utility model applications and articles related to the subject. Patent application "TR 2023 / 014619" in the state of the art relates to fertilizer compositions in various forms that are completely soluble in water as a result of the acidbase reaction and its production method, containing all macro- and micro components needed by plants. Said fertilizer contains at least one element-based hydroxide compound selected from the group containing macro (such as N,P, K, Ca, Mg) and micro (such as Mn, Mo, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Na, Ni, Si) elements that play a role in plant nutrition and / or at least one compound based on macro- or microelements and organic or inorganic acid and / or at least one organic or inorganic acid-based compound.

[0007] Patent application "CN107827585 A" in the state of the art relates to a solid, water-soluble fertilizer containing microelements and its method of preparation. The fertilizer consists of urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, dipotassium phosphate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, amino acid powder, dispersants, and co-solvents in certain proportions. Using advanced dispersants and cosolvents, the fertilizer is evenly distributed and wetted in water, clumping is prevented during storage, and the fertilizer is made cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and suitable for large-scale production.

[0008] In the prior art, the present fertilizers are in soluble solid form and are applied by dissolving in water or directly in the field. However, this method of application causes the majority of the fertilizer to not be taken by the plant. This leads to both high consumption and high cost.

[0009] As a result, there is a need for a nanofertilizer that can be applied in liquid form due to the negativities described above and the inadequacy of the current solutions on the subject. Brief Description of the Invention and Objects

[0010] The invention relates to a nanofertilizer that meets all the abovementioned requirements and eliminates the disadvantages and disadvantages of the existing system. Nanomaterials used for plant nutrition in recent years stand out with their effective results and are promising in terms of study area.

[0011] The use of nanofertilizer allows the same efficiency to be obtained with 40% (2 / 5) less fertilizer compared to conventional fertilization methods. Low production cost contributes to the reduction of total costs. In addition, it helps to prevent environmental pollution byreducing nitrate residue, especially in green leafy plants. For example, 10 kg / da DAP (18-46-0) was applied for the lettuce plant in classical fertilization. After the DAP fertilizer was mixed with the soil at a soil depth of 0-30 cm, the lettuce seedlings were planted and harvested at the end of the vegetation period. According to the fertilizer application developed by the invention, a product with a similar efficiency compared to the conventional fertilizer dose was obtained with a smaller amount of fertilizer dose in the nanofertilizer formulation.

[0012] Descriptions of the Figures

[0013] Figure 1 : A SEM image of the nanofertilizer.

[0014] Figure 2: A mapped view of the elemental composition of the SEM EDX images on the particle.

[0015] Figure 3: A view of the microscopic distribution of the elements.

[0016] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0017] The invention relates to a nanofertilizer suitable for fertilization by drones. In particular, the invention relates to the production of nanofertilizer with different formulations in which the needs of trace elements as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs of plants are met.

[0018] A new plant nutrient mixture with nitrogen, potassium and microelements doped in the nanocarrier material not previously synthesized in said invention was synthesized and used in the fertilization of some plants.

[0019] The nanofertilizer can be produced in various formulations. The nanofertilizer is in the form of solid-liquid mixed sludge. The solid part of the fertilizer contains nano-material. The nano-material is a nanocomposite material consisting of combinations of calcium and magnesium hydroxyapatites (CasfPO-ATOH) and Mgs(PO4)3(OH)) and calcium and magnesium struvites (CaNFUPCU and MgNFUPCU).

[0020] The developed nanofertilizer consists of two liquid components. The first liquid mixture is prepared by adding and dissolving nitrogen and potassium-containing substances in water. Nitrogen-containing compounds such as urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium citrate, triammonium phosphate,primary, secondary and tertiary ammonium salts; nitrated compounds; potassium-containing compounds such as potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium thiosulfate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate, potassium carbonate, potassium lactate, potassium phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium tartrate and potassium salts of other organic compounds are used. If microelements are to be used, one or appropriate combinations of sulfate, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, citrate, hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate with organic acid anions of iron (Fe2+), copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+), and manganese (Mn2+) ions are added to the solution; one or more of the compounds of boric acid for boron (B), ammonium molybdate for sodium tetraborate, and molybdenum (Mo), sodium molybdate, or potassium molybdate. The first mixture is obtained by adding one or a suitable combination of calcium hydroxide, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate and calcium lactate compounds to this solution.

[0021] For the formation of the second mixture, one or the appropriate mixture of phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate compounds is added to the water in a separate container by regulating the pH value.

[0022] The reaction is completed by adding the second mixture to the first mixture under 0-2 atmospheric pressure in the range of 20-95°C. When the reaction is completed, the pH value is in the range of 4.0-10.0.

[0023] The liquid part of the product contains dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to meet the instant needs of the plant. In addition, there are dissolved amino acids and silicic acid in the nanofertilizer that facilitate the uptake of the nanomaterial into the plant. The most commonly used 5-5-5 formulation of nanofertilizer contains 5% nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O). Some species contain 0.1 -0.5% microelements.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] For the nanofertilizer with the formulation of 5-5-5, 315 kg of water and 110 kg of urea are added to the pressurized and heated boiler to prepare the 1st mixture. 70.4 kg of calcium hydroxide and 13.8 kg of magnesium hydroxide are added and stirred for 0.5 hours.For the 2nd mixture, it is dissolved by adding 90 kg of potassium hydrogen phosphate and 10 kg of phosphoric acid to 385 kg of water.

[0026] The reaction is completed in about 1 hour by adding the 2nd mixture to the 1st mixture at a boiler temperature of 55°C through a compressor that provides 2 atm pressure with the help of a pump. After the reaction is over, a potassium silicate solution containing 1 kg, 20% (w / w) SiCh is gradually added to the boiler. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid entrance of the boiler and stirred for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is gradually cooled and taken from the outlet of the boiler in the form of sludge. It is used in fertilization by diluting with water according to an appropriate dilution rate. Example 2:

[0027] For the nanofertilizer with the formulation of 4-8-0, 520 kg of water and 87 kg of urea are added to the pressurized and heated boiler to prepare the 1st mixture. 112.6 kg of calcium hydroxide and 22.1 kg of magnesium hydroxide are added and stirred for 0.5 hours.

[0028] For the 2nd mixture, it is dissolved by adding 131.2 kg of phosphoric acid to 130 kg of water.

[0029] The reaction is completed in about 1 hour by adding the 2nd mixture to the 1st mixture at a boiler temperature of 55°C through a compressor that provides 2 atm pressure with the help of a pump. After the reaction is over, a potassium silicate solution containing 1 kg, 20% (w / w) SiCh is gradually added to the boiler. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid entrance of the boiler and stirred for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is gradually cooled and taken from the outlet of the boiler in the form of sludge. It is used in fertilization by diluting with water according to an appropriate dilution rate. Example 3 :

[0030] 490 kg of water and 22 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate are added into the pressurized and heated boiler to prepare the 1st mixture for the nanofiber with the formulation 0-10-0 (0.5% Zn). It is dissolved by stirring. Then 140.8 kg of calcium hydroxide and 27.6 kg of magnesium hydroxide are added and stirred for 0.5 hours.

[0031] For the 2nd mixture, it is dissolved by adding 164 kg of phosphoric acid to 160 kg of water.The reaction is completed in about 1 hour by adding the 2nd mixture to the 1st mixture at a boiler temperature of 45°C through a compressor that provides 2 atm pressure with the help of a pump. After the reaction is over, a potassium silicate solution containing 1 kg, 20% (w / w) SiCh is gradually added to the boiler. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid entrance of the boiler and stirred for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is gradually cooled and taken from the outlet of the boiler in the form of sludge. It is used in fertilization by diluting with water according to an appropriate dilution rate. Figure 1 shows the SEM images of the nanofertilizer. As can be seen in the figures, there are nanocomposite chips in the size of 100-150 nanometers. In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the elemental composition on one particle was mapped with SEM EDX images. As can be seen on the map, all plant nutrients are homogeneously distributed on the nanomaterial in a form that will dissolve slowly in water.

[0032] The table below contains the SEM EDX results for the analysis of certain elements and shows measurements such as the weight percentage, atomic percentage, net intensities (Net Int.), error percentages (Error %), K ratio (Kratio), Z, A, and F factors of these elements.

[0033] Element Weight Atomic Net Error K Ratio Z A F

[0034] (%) (%) Intensity (%)

[0035] N K 11.29 17.51 98.60 10.83 0.0120 1.0897 0.0977 1.0000 O K 41.07 55.78 748.40 9.86 0.0553 1.0683 0.1260 1.0000 P K 6.45 4.53 764.40 3.02 0.0504 0.9364 0.8249 1.0099 S K 1.38 0.94 167.40 3.37 0.0114 0.9550 0.8460 1.0149 K K 21.01 11.68 2093.00 1.63 0.1873 0.9049 0.9662 1.0195 CaK 15.84 8.59 1226.70 2.42 0.1308 0.9216 0.8915 1.0053 ZnK 2.97 0.99 76.70 3.58 0.0252 0.7857 0.9981 1.0832

[0036]

[0037] Table 1: Element Properties Analysis Table

[0038] When the elemental compositions are examined, there are approximately 11% N, 41% O, 6.5% P, 1.4% S, 21% K, 16% Ca and 3% Zn in this distribution. These ratios are the composition of a section on the surface of the nanoparticle and are different from the prepared composition. In the SEM EDX analyses taken from different regions, close results were encountered. This shows the homogeneous distribution of the elements on the particles.The microscopic distributions of the elements are given in Figure3. The homogeneous color distribution shows that the elements are homogeneously distributed on the nanomaterial.

Claims

CLAIMS1. Nanofertilizer characterized in comprising;a. Nanocomposite containing calcium hydroxyapatite (Cas(PO4)3(OH) and / or magnesium hydroxyapatite Mg5(PO4)3(OH)) and calcium struvite (CaNH4PO4) and / or magnesium struvite (MgNFLPCL) in the solid phase, b. in the liquid phase, a first liquid component containing a nitrogen and potassium source and a second liquid component containing at least one of Phosphoric acid, Potassium phosphate, Potassium hydrogen phosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Sodium phosphate, Sodium hydrogen phosphate, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen source in the first liquid component is at least one of Urea, Urea-formaldehyde, Ammonium sulfate, Ammonium thiosulfate, Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium acetate, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium bicarbonate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, Ammonium citrate, Triammonium phosphate, Primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium salts.

3. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the potassium source in the first liquid component is at least one of Potassium nitrate, Potassium sulfate, Potassium thiosulfate, Potassium acetate, Potassium citrate, Potassium carbonate, Potassium lactate, Potassium phosphate, Potassium monohydrogen phosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Potassium tartrate.

4. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in first liquid component further comprises microelements.

5. The nanofertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the microelement is at least one of the sulfate, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, citrate, hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate salts, boric acid, sodium tetraborate, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate or potassium molybdate compounds of iron (Fe2+), copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) or manganese (Mn2+).

6. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the first liquid component further comprises at least one of calcium hydroxide, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium lactate compounds.

7. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the second liquid component comprises at least one of Phosphoric acid, Potassium phosphate, Potassium hydrogenphosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Sodium phosphate, Sodium hydrogen phosphate, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate compounds.

8. The nanofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in further comprises amino acids and / or silicic acid.

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