Nucleic acid construct and method for producing circular RNA
The use of permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs and I-TneI LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease for circRNA production addresses efficiency and immunogenicity issues, resulting in high-purity, low-immunogenicity circRNAs for advanced therapeutic applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MO DINGDING
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for producing circular RNA (circRNA) face challenges such as low efficiency, immunogenicity due to long exogenous base pairing stem structures, and instability due to RNA exonucleases, which hinder their application in mRNA-based therapeutics.
A highly efficient RNA circularization method using permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs, either self-splicing or assisted by I-TneI LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease, to produce scarless circRNAs without extraneous homology sequences, ensuring high purity and reduced immunogenicity.
The method achieves nearly 100% pure circRNA production with low immunogenicity and high translation capacity, suitable for next-generation mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Abstract
Description
NUCLEIC ACID CONSTRUCT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CIRCULAR RNATechnical Field
[0001] The disclosure relates to production of circRNA and the using of the circRNA produced in vaccine and therapeutics.Background Art
[0002] Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics, such as the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, has significant advantages over other medical strategies, especially in the crisis of coronavirus pandemic, as its rapid, efficient, and safe application. The key breakthrough is the using of the modified nucleotides to escape the immune system and the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) delivery technology to ship these negative charged biomacromolecules into human cells. But these modified single strand linear mRNA molecules are still unstable (partially caused by RNA exonucleases) and easily cause side effects. Circular RNA (circRNA) is much more stable both in vitro and in vivo, thus has the possibility to further extend the durability of mRNA-based therapeutics. To apply circRNA into the clinical practice, obstacles must be removed. One of the key difficulties is the obtaining of high purity of sequence defined RNA circles with robustness procedure.
[0003] Currently there are three strategies for in vitro RNA circularization: chemical ligation of nucleic acid strands, nucleic acid ligase method (T4 DNA ligase, T4 RNA ligase) , and ribozyme strategy (group I, group II self-splicing introns) . The drawback of chemical ligation is the formation of 2’, 5’-phosphodiester bonds, which may prevent its extensive applications. At the other side, T4 ligase efficiency is very low and there is high chance of intermolecular ligation other than intramolecular 5’ to 3’ phosphodiester formation. Thus, the currently main strategy is to use the self-splicing activity of group I intron ribozyme. The so-called permuted Group I intron-exon (PIE) RNA could self-splice to produce circular exon sequences (Puttaraju, M. and M.D. Been, Circular ribozymes generated in Escherichia coli using group I self-splicing permuted intron-exon sequences. J Biol Chem, 1996. 271 (42) : p. 26081-7) . To achieve efficient and precise circularization of target RNA, two pairs of foreign homology sequences have been introduced (Wesselhoeft, R.A., P.S. Kowalski, and D.G. Anderson, Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells. Nat Commun, 2018. 9 (1) : p. 2629) . One pair of foreign homology sequences residues in the group I intron sequences, thus removed during the splicing. The other pair locates in the exonic sequence, thus resulting a long stem loop structures of circRNA which will cause immunogenicity (Wesselhoeft, R.A., P.S. Kowalski, and D.G. Anderson, Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells. Nat Commun, 2018. 9 (1) : p. 2629; Liu, C.X., et al., RNA circles with minimized immunogenicity as potent PKR inhibitors. Mol Cell, 2022.82 (2) : p. 420-434 e6) .Summary of the Invention
[0004] A highly efficient RNA circularization method was developed in the disclosure. The circRNA produced does not introduce the immunogenicity of long exogenous base pairing stem structure which inhibit circRNA translation. Indeed, transfection of the produced scarless circRNAs into human A549 cells proved that such circRNAs had lower immunogenicity and good translation capacity, thus persisting significant advantages for excellent drug modality.
[0005] In first aspect of the disclosure, it is provided a nucleic acid construct, characterized in that it comprises a first part, a second part and a target sequence located between the first part and the second part;
[0006] the sequence of the first part is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 3, SEQ ID NO 5, SEQ ID NO 7, SEQ ID NO 9, SEQ ID NO 11, SEQ ID NO 13;
[0007] the sequence of the second part is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO 2, SEQ ID NO 4, SEQ ID NO 6, SEQ ID NO 8, SEQ ID NO 10, SEQ ID NO 12, SEQ ID NO 14.
[0008] In some embodiments of the nucleic acid construct, wherein the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 1, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 2; or
[0009] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 3, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 4; or
[0010] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 5, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 6; or
[0011] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 7, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 8; or
[0012] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 9, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 10; or
[0013] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 11, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 12; or
[0014] the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 13, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 14.
[0015] In some embodiments of the nucleic acid construct, wherein it further comprises a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence.
[0016] In some embodiments of the nucleic acid construct, wherein it comprises one of the following secondary structures:
[0017] In second aspect of the disclosure, it is provided a nucleic acid construct comprise a sequence having 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%similarly to SEQ ID NOs: 1-14.
[0018] In third aspect of the disclosure, it is provided a method for producing a circular RNA, characterized by using the nucleic acid construct according to any one of the first aspect.
[0019] In some embodiments of the method for producing circular RNA, which further comprises adding I-TneI protein (SEQ ID NO 15) .
[0020] In some embodiments of the method for producing circular RNA, wherein the sequence of I-TneI protein is SEQ ID NO 15.
[0021] In some embodiments of the method for producing circular RNA, which further comprises the step of adding protein which comprise a sequence having 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%similarly to I-TneI (SEQ ID NO 15) .
[0022] In forth aspect of the disclosure, it is provided a circular RNA obtained by the method according to any one of the third aspect.
[0023] In fifth aspect of the disclosure, it is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the circular RNA in the first aspect; preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine or a therapeutic agent.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0024] Figure 1. The schematic of circRNA production and functional assay procedure by permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs.
[0025] Figure 2. The secondary structure of Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA and the split site of PIE strategy. The arrow indicates the split site of PIE strategy. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 451 nt and the loop is filled by GAAA.
[0026] Figure 3. The secondary structure of Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA group I intron and the split site of PIE strategy. The secondary structure of Tsp-4. bL1931-2-P8GAAA; the arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 451 nts and the loop is filled by GAAA.
[0027] Figure 4. circRNAs production by permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs (Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA and Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA) splicing. A. The full length-precursor including the permuted Thermotoga group I intron and the inserted exonic sequence for circularization; TpeP6a-B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence. circTsp-4B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence. circ Tsp-4B97-mCherry-L, the circRNA expression cassette of Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence; “L” indicates the foreign homology sequences were included in the circularized sequences. *, precursor. B. RT-PCR of circRNA produced in A with divergent primers. RTase, reverse-transcriptase; -, without; +, with; the amplicons were sequenced and presented in C. C. the alignment of sequenced amplicons demonstrated the junction region of circRNAs.
[0028] Figure 5. The secondary structure of Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA and the split site of PIE strategy. The arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 451 nts and the loop is filled by GAAA.
[0029] Figure 6. The secondary structure of Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA and the split site of PIE strategy. The arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 452 nts and the loop is filled by GAGA.
[0030] Figure 7. The secondary structure of Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA group I intron and the split site of PIE strategy. The secondary structure of Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAGA; the arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 451 nts and the loop is filled by GAAA.
[0031] Figure 8. circRNA production by permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA (Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA, Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA, Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA) splicing. A. Agarose gel electrophoresis of products of circRNA synthesis reaction. full length-precursor including the permuted Thermotoga group I intron and the inserted exonic sequence for circularization; Tna-B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence. Tne-B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence. Tsp-1-B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence; *, precursor. B. RT-PCR of circRNA produced in A with divergent primers. The amplicons were sequenced and presented in C. C. the alignment of sequenced amplicons demonstrated the junction region of circRNAs.
[0032] Figure 9. The secondary structure of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA and the split site of PIE strategy. The arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 452 nt and the loop is filled by GAGA.
[0033] Figure 10. The secondary structure of Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA and the split site of PIE strategy. The arrow indicates the site of PIE split. The rectangle indicates the deletion of 475 nt and the loop is filled by GAAA.
[0034] Figure 11. I-TneI maturase assisted circRNA production. A. circTne-2-P6a-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA intron PIE system with mCherry sequence; the split site locates in the P6a region of the group I intron; circTne-2-P8a-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA intron PIE system with mCherry sequence; the split site locates in the P8a region of the group I intron; circTne-2P6a-mCherry-L, circTne-2P8a-mCherry-L, “L” indicates the foreign homology sequences were included in the circularized sequences. I-TneI was added at 0, 4, 8, 15 μM. B. circTne-2-P6a-B97-mCherry, the circRNA expression cassette of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA intron PIE system with B97 IRES and mCherry sequence; the split site locates in the P6a region of the group I intron; circTne-2-P8-B97-mCherry, the split site locates in the P8 region of the group I intron; *, un-spliced precursor. I-TneI was added at 0, 4, 8, 15 μM. RNase R was added to digest the linear RNAs. +, with; -, without; splicing, the splicing reaction at 60 ℃. C. RT-PCR of circRNA produced in A with divergent primers. The amplicons were sequenced and presented in C. D. the alignment of sequenced amplicons demonstrated the junction region of circRNAs.
[0035] Figure 12. I-TneI Maturase assisted circRNA production by the splicing of permutated Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA Group I intron RNA. A. splicing and circRNA production of permuted Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA Group I intron from Thermotoga subterranea; I-TneI was added at 0, 4, 8, 15 μM. *, un-spliced precursor. B. RT-PCR of circTsu-mCherry RNA with divergent primers and DNA sequencing of the amplicon. C. The alignment of sequenced amplicons demonstrated the junction region of circRNAs.
[0036] Figure 13. protein coding capacity and immunogenicity evaluation of mCherry circRNAs generated by permutated Thermotoga Group I intron in A549 cells. NC, the negative control of wild type A549 cells; HRV_2, the IRES from HRV-2 virus; HRV_B3, the IRES from HRV-B3 virus; HRV_B92, the IRES from HRV-B92 virus; HRV_B97, the IRES from HRV-B97 virus; EV_B107, the IRES from EV-B107 virus; CVB3, the IRES from CVB3 virus; CRE_mCherry, mCherry mRNA with de-stabilized secondary structure; LD_mCherry, mCherry mRNA with stabilized secondary structure; circHRV_2-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with HRV_2 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circHRV_B3-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with HRV_B3 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circHRV_B92-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with HRV_B92 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circHRV_B97-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with HRV_B97 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circEV_B107-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with EV_B107 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circCVB3-CRE-mCherry, the circRNA with CVB3 IRES and CRE-mCherry RNA sequence; circHRV_B3-LD-mCherry, the circRNA with HRV_B3 IRES and LD-mCherry RNA sequence; circEV_B107-LD-mCherry, the circRNA with EV_B107 IRES and LD-mCherry RNA sequence; circCVB3-LD-mCherry, the circRNA with CVB3 IRES and LD-mCherry RNA sequence.
[0037] Figure 14. Protein coding capacity of other circRNA synthesized by permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA splicing. A. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA production by the splicing of permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA. -, without; +, with; *, precursor; -, circRNA. B. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the purified 2177 nts circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA. C. Western blot analysis of 1 μg circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA transfection in HEK293T cells for 24 hours. Molecular weight of human THEB is 53 kDa. NC, negative control of wild type HEK293T cells. D. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the circHRV_B3-LD_ISAam1 RNA production by the splicing of permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA. -, without; +, with; *, precursor; -, circRNA.
[0038] Figure 15. I-TneI assisted circRNA production with modified nucleotides by the splicing of permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA. A. Agarose gel electrophoresis of circRNA with N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA; -, without. B. The production of circRNA with N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance; +, with. C. The production of circRNA with N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance. D. The production of circRNA with 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance. E. The production of circRNA with Pseudouridine (Ψ) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance. F. The production of circRNA with N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance. G. The production of circRNA with 5-methoxyuridine (5moU) modification by permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with 15 μM I-TneI protein assistance.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0039] A number of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure will now be described in detail. The detailed description should not be considered as a limitation on the disclosure, but should be construed as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the disclosure.
[0040] It should be understood that the terminology described in the disclosure is only for describing specific embodiments and is not used to limit the disclosure. In addition, with regard to a numerical range in the disclosure, it should be understood that the upper and lower limits of the range and each intermediate value between them are specifically disclosed. Intermediate values between any stated values or within any stated range as well as any other stated values and every smaller range between intermediate values within the stated range are also included in the disclosure. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included in or excluded from the range.
[0041] Unless otherwise specified, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the disclosure belongs. Although the disclosure only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the disclosure. All documents mentioned in the description are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of the description shall prevail.
[0042] As used herein, the term “Thermotoga Group I intron RNAs” means the Group I intron RNAs from Thermotoga species, including but not limited to Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA from Thermotoga petrophila, Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA from Thermotoga naphthophila, Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA from Thermotoga neapolitana, Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA from Thermotoga neapolitana species (DSM4359, dsmz) , Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA from Thermotoga subterranea.
[0043] As used herein, the term “I-TneI” means LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease residues in Tne. bL1931 Group I intron from Thermotoga neapolitana, with following sequence: MDLKPDWVVGFVDGEGCFYVGVSRNRTMKTGYQVLPEFRIVQHK RDIQVLYALRKFFGCGVVRKNHDDRYELRIRKRSCLKKVVEFFEKHPLKTKKN VDFKKFRRILIMMERGEHLTKEGLIKILEIAMEMNTGNHERLKRTLEEIRGLDED TVHPHSERVG.
[0044] As used herein, the term “m1Ψ” means N1-methylpseudouridine. The term “m6A” means N6-Methyladenosine. The term “m5C” means 5-methylcytosine. The term “Ψ” means Pseudouridine. The term “m7G” means N7-methylguanosine. The term “5moU” means 5-methoxyuridine.
[0045] It is developed in the disclosure a highly efficient RNA circularization technology by the splicing of permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs themself or at the assistance of the I-TneI LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease. As high temperature could denature the complicated RNA structure, thus removing the possible obstacle of the surrounding flanking sequences affecting the group I intron structure formation. Meanwhile, the highly thermophilic nature of Thermotoga group I intron could maintain their tertiary structures and self-splicing activities at high temperatures without the requirement of foreign homology RNA sequences located in the exonic sequence.
[0046] The permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs from Thermotoga. sp (Tsp-1. bL1931, Tsp-4. bL1931) , from Thermotoga petrophila (Tpe. bL1931) , from Thermotoga naphthophila (Tna. bL1931) , from Thermotoga neapolitana (Tne. bL1931) could self-splice and produce circRNAs efficiently. At the other side, one permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs from one of Thermotoga neapolitana species (DSM4359, dsmz) (Tne. bL1931-2) and from Thermotoga subterranea (Tsu. bL1917) only splice efficiently with the assistance of I-TneI (aLAGLIDADG homing endonuclease) at high temperature. Thus, I-TneI acts as RNA maturase for permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA splicing and circRNA production.
[0047] It achieved high efficiency of circRNA production with precisely circularly ligated target RNA. Further purification removes DNA templates and the linear RNAs, producing nearly 100%pure circRNA molecules without any other nucleic acid contaminates (which are the triggers of immune responses in vivo) . Indeed, the purified circRNAs from this strategy have low innate immune responses as they do not have the extraneous homology RNA sequences introduced into circular RNAs in the previous methods after the self-splicing of group I introns.
[0048] The scarless circRNA production method by thermophilic Thermotoga Group I intron RNAs could be used in the next generation of circular mRNA therapeutics to treat various diseases, including cancers and infectious diseases.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] Materials and Methods
[0051] Plasmid construction and DNA isolation
[0052] The DNA constructs were synthesized by Beijing Tsingke Biotech Co., Ltd or modified by Gibson assembly ( HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix, E2621L, NEB) . The recombinant plasmid DNAs were isolated by the E. Z. N. A. Plasmid Mini Kit I (D6943-02, Omega Biotek Inc) from E. coli culture and sequenced.
[0053] I-TneI expression and purification
[0054] I-TneI open reading frame (ORF) (SEQ ID NO 15) were ligated to pET28a with C-terminal 6xHis tag. The first codon was changed to AUG. The recombinant proteins were expressed in B21 cells. I-TneI were firstly purified by HisTrap HP (17524802, Cytiva) with pure and then HiTrap Heparin HP (17040703, Cytiva) . Finally, the eluted protein was further purified by heat inactivation at 70 ℃ for 10 minutes and centrifugation to remove any remining unspecific proteins.
[0055] circRNA synthesis procedure
[0056] The circRNA expression cassette with T7 promoter was amplified by PCR with PrimeSTAR GXL Premix (R051A, Takara Bio) . RNA precursor was in vitro synthesized by 80 μg / ml T7 RNA polymerase in 100 mM HEPES-K (pH 7.9) , 12 mM MgCl2, 30 mM DTT, 2 mM Spermidine, 2 mM rNTPs from 50 μg / ml linearized DNA template at 37 ℃. The transcripts were firstly digested by DNase I (4536282001, Roche) to remove DNA template and purified by phenol-chloroform regent. The purified RNA transcripts were added GTP with or without maturase (I-TneI correspondingly) to initiate Group I intron self-splicing at 60 ℃. Finally, agarose gel electrophoresis was used to separate the circRNA from other RNAs and the specific circRNA was purified from the sliced specific band by electrophoresis elution.
[0057] Divergent RT-PCR of the purified circRNAs and DNA sequencing of the amplicon
[0058] RT-PCR was performed with divergent primers to amplify the circRNA. Amplicons were sequenced.
[0059] A549 cells culture and circRNA transfection
[0060] 0.2 million A549 cells were seeded in 12-well plates in DMEM (Gibco) with 10%fetal bovine serum (Gibco) , 100 U / ml penicillin and 100 U / ml streptomycin. 2 μg circRNAs were transfected with LipofectamineTM MessengerMAXTM Transfection Reagent (LMRNA008, Invitrogen) . After 18 hours, cells were collected for Western blot.
[0061] Western blot
[0062] The transfected A549 cells were prepared in RIPA buffer (R0278, Sigma-Aldrich) with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (11697498001, 4906837001, Roche) . 40 μg total protein was separated in 8-20%gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (66485, Pall) . Following antibodies were used in the invention: MDA5 Rabbit mAb (CY7128, Abways) , RIG-I (D14G6) Rabbit mAb (3743S, CST) , Phospho-PKR (T446) Rabbit mAb (CY5271, Abways) , PKR Rabbit mAb (CY5665, Abways) , IL-12 Rabbit mAb (CT011-R001, Sinobiological) , Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) Rabbit mAb (CY5036, Abways) , eIF2 alpha Mouse mAb (AB3335, Abways) , mCherry Rabbit mAb (E5D8F) (43590, CST) , IFN-β1 (D1D7G) Rabbit mAb (73671S, CST) , IL-6 (D3K2N) Rabbit mAb (12153, CST) , IL-8 Mouse mAb (10098-MM05, Sinobiological) . β-actin (β-actin Mouse mAb, A5441, Sigma) was used as loading control. HRP Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (AS003, ABclonal) and HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014, ABclonal) were used as secondary antibodies. Signals were developed with Super ECL Plus solution (S6009M, UElandy Inc. ) and visualized with the ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad) .
[0063] Results
[0064] Detailed description of examples
[0065] The circRNA synthesis cassette design and the production procedure
[0066] The circRNA production and evaluation procedure is descripted in Figure 1. Firstly, the secondary structures of Thermotoga Group I introns were described in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 9, Figure 10. Moreover, the Thermotoga Group I introns were splitted at P6 or P8 domain and permuted into 3’ part, exon and 5’ part.
[0067] A T7 RNA polymerase promoter was located at the 5’ region of the expression cassette. The DNA template was amplified by PCR. After purification, the linear DNA template was incubated with T7 RNA polymerase and rNTP in transcription buffer. After transcription and purification, circRNA was produced from the linear RNA precursor which was incubated with GTP and Mg2+ in splicing buffer with or without I-TneI protein (Figure 1) . After treatment of DNase I and RNase R, the produced circRNA was purified by agarose gel and electrophoresis elution (Figure 1) . Purified circRNA was transfected into A549 cells. Finally, the protein coding capacity and immunogenicity of circRNA was evaluated by Western blot analysis (Figure 1) .
[0068] The splicing of Permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNAs to efficiently generate circular RNAs.
[0069] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 8, circRNAs were produced by the auto-splicing of permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA and Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA, Tna. bL1931-P8 GAGA, Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA, Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA group I intron RNA.
[0070] The circRNA products were resistant to RNase R digestion (Figure 4A, Figure 8A) . RT-PCR with divergent primers could amplified the circRNA sequences including their junction region (Figure 4B, Figure 8B) . DNA sequencing of the amplicon shown that their sequence matched with the expected circRNA junction region, thus demonstrating the circRNA authenticity (Figure 4C, Figure 8C) .
[0071] I-TneI maturase facilitated auto-splicing of permuted Thermotoga Group I intron RNA to generate circular RNAs
[0072] Auto-splicing of permuted Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron RNA failed to efficiently produce circRNA and most of the precursor remained un-spliced (Figure 11A, B) . The additional I-TneI RNA maturase to the reaction significantly promoted the permuted Group I intron auto-splicing and the ligated exon RNA products were formed as circularly (Figure 11A, B) . As shown in Figure 11, the circRNA products were resistant to the RNase R digestion. Furthermore, RT-PCR with divergent primers could amplify the circRNA including the junction region (Figure 11C) . DNA sequencing further confirmed their circular structure (Figure 11D) . Similarly, I-TneI Maturase assisted circRNA production by the splicing of permutated Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA Group I intron RNA (Figure 12) , although at limited efficiency.
[0073] The mCherry circRNAs generated by permuted Thermotoga group I intron splicing have high protein production capacity and low immunogenicity in A549 cells.
[0074] Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of the purified circRNAs in A549 cells. As shown in figure 13, compared to the 600-ng poly (I: C) , which caused significant immune responses, the circHRV_B3-LD-mCherry and circEV_B107-LD-mCherry circRNAs generated by permuted Thermotoga group I intron not only had very low level of IFNβ, IL-6, IL-8 (immunogenicity markers) . Moreover, they also had very limited phosphorylation of PKR (inhibition marker of translation) signal in A549 cells, and indeed produced high level of mCherry protein, Thus, circRNAs generated by permuted Thermotoga group I intron splicing had both low immunogenicity and high capacity of translation.
[0075] Protein coding capacity of other circRNA synthesized by permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA splicing.
[0076] Permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA (Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA) was used to synthesize other protein coding gene. Human TFEB protein coding sequence was synthesized with HRV_B3 IRES in the permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA expression cassette. After transcription and splicing, the products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. As shown in Figure 15A, circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA was produced by the splicing of permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with extremely high efficiency (almost 100%) . Moreover, the circHRV_B3-LD_ISAam1 RNA was similarly produced by the permuted Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA with robust splicing (Figure 15D) . Thus, permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA could produce circRNA of various protein coding genes with high efficiency. Then, with inventor purified circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA as described in the methods section by electrophoresis elution. The purified circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA demonstrated single band in agarose gel (Figure 15B) . After 24 hours transfection of 1 μg circHRV_B3-LD_hTFEB RNA in HEK293T cells, it produced significantly amount of 53 kDa human TFEB protein (Figure 15C) , thus demonstrating the excellent protein coding capacity of circRNA synthesized by the permuted Thermotoga group I intron RNA splicing.
[0077] I-TneI assisted circRNAs production with modified nucleotides by the splicing of permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA.
[0078] Modified nucleotides are well used in linear mRNA to reduce immunogenicity and boost translation. But there is no established works of circRNA with modified nucleotides. One of the reasons is that modified nucleotides will interfere the splicing of permutated Group I intron RNAs. Here the inventor used I-TneI (LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease) to facilitate circRNAs production with modified nucleotides by the splicing of permutated Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron RNA. As shown in Figure 15A, this was only very limited circRNA production in the 30%of N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) . Interestingly, the addition of I-TneI dramatically increased circRNA synthesis in the presence of m1Ψ, even up to 70% (Figure 15B) . Similarly, I-TneI dramatically increased circRNA synthesis in the presence of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) (Figure 15C) , 5-methylcytosine (m5C) (Figure 15C) , Pseudouridine (Ψ) (Figure 14E) , N7-methylguanosine (m7G) (Figure 15F) and 5-methoxyuridine (5moU) (Figure 15G) .
[0079] SEQ ID NO 1 (3’ part of Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0080] SEQ ID NO 2 (5’ part of Tpe. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0081] SEQ ID NO 3 (3’ part of Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0082] SEQ ID NO 4 (5’ part of Tsp-4. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0083] SEQ ID NO 5 (3’ part of Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0084] SEQ ID NO 6 (5’ part of Tna. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0085] SEQ ID NO 7 (3’ part of Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0086] SEQ ID NO 8 (5’ part of Tne. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0087] SEQ ID NO 9 (3’ part of Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0088] SEQ ID NO 10 (5’ part of Tsp-1. bL1931-P8GAAA Group I intron) :
[0089] SEQ ID NO 11 (3’ part of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0090] SEQ ID NO 12 (5’ part of Tne-2. bL1931-P8GAGA Group I intron) :
[0091] SEQ ID NO 13 (3’ part of Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA Group I intron) :
[0092] SEQ ID NO 14 (5’ part of Tsu. bL1917-P6GAAA Group I intron:
[0093] SEQ ID NO 15 (I-TneI) :
[0094] Although the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure, various adjustments or changes can be made to the exemplary embodiments in the description of the disclosure. The scope of the claims should be based on the broadest interpretation in order to cover all modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
Claims
1.A nucleic acid construct, characterized in that it comprises a first part, a second part and a target sequence located between the first part and the second part;the sequence of the first part is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO 1, SEQ ID NO 3, SEQ ID NO 5, SEQ ID NO 7, SEQ ID NO 9, SEQ ID NO 11, SEQ ID NO 13;the sequence of the second part is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO 2, SEQ ID NO 4, SEQ ID NO 6, SEQ ID NO 8, SEQ ID NO 10, SEQ ID NO 12, SEQ ID NO 14.2.The nucleic acid construct according to claim 1, characterized in that the sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 1, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 2; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 3, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 4; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 5, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 6; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 7, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 8; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 9, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 10; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 11, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 12; orthe sequence of the first part is SEQ ID NO 13, and the sequence of the second part is SEQ ID NO 14.3.The nucleic acid construct according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence.4.The nucleic acid construct according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one of the following secondary structures: 5.The nucleic acid construct comprise a sequence having 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%similarly to SEQ ID NOs: 1-14.6.A method for producing a circular RNA, characterized by using the nucleic acid construct according to any one of claims 1 to 5.7.The method for producing circular RNA according to claim 6, which further comprises adding I-TneI protein (SEQ ID NO 15) .8.The method for producing circular RNA according to claim 7, the sequence of I-TneI protein is SEQ ID NO 15.9.The method for producing circular RNA according to claim 6, which further comprises the step of adding protein which comprise a sequence having 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%similarly to I-TneI (SEQ ID NO 15) .10.The circular RNA obtained by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 9.11.A pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that it comprises the circular RNA according to claim 10; preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine or a therapeutic agent.