Method, apparatus and system for parameter update
The method allows parameter updates in UWB MMS ranging to be applied across multiple rounds, reducing signaling overhead and complexity by initiating the update once, thus enhancing flexibility and resource efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing UWB MMS ranging solutions lack efficient mechanisms for updating parameters beyond a single ranging round, leading to inefficient resource consumption and increased signaling overhead.
A method where a first device initiates an update for parameters that are valid for multiple ranging rounds by transmitting a first frame indicating the update, allowing the initiator and responder to update parameters once, reducing signaling overhead and complexity.
Reduces signaling overhead and complexity by enabling parameter updates to be applied across multiple ranging rounds, improving flexibility and resource efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025070593_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR PARAMETER UPDATETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies and, in particular, to a method, apparatus and system for parameter update.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is increasingly being used for indoor positioning and other location services such as access control and asset locating. Aside from the traditional ranging use case, other use cases, such as device free sensing, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , and long-range ranging, are being actively investigated.
[0003] To address the long-range ranging use case, UWB multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging has been introduced in 802.15.4ab. During UWB MMS ranging, some parameters may need to be changed or updated. Several parameter update solutions have been proposed for UWB MMS ranging. However, there are still needs for improvement on solutions for parameter update.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, apparatus and system for parameter update.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a first device, for example, a first device, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a first device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of first device. The first device may be an initiator. The method includes: determining an update, wherein the update includes changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds; and transmitting to one or more second devices, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating the update.
[0006] In these embodiments, the first device initiates an update for parameters which may be valid for a plurality of ranging rounds. In this way, the first device may indicate the update only once instead of indicate the update in each of the plurality of ranging rounds. As such, signaling overhead for indicating the update may be reduced. Moreover, the first device and the second device may update the parameters only once instead of updating the parameters many times in the plurality of ranging rounds. In this way, intricacy of performing the update may be reduced.
[0007] In some possible implementations, the first frame includes a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.
[0008] In some possible implementations, the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.
[0009] In this case, the start of the update may vary according to actual needs, and the update may be more flexible.
[0010] In some possible implementations, the first frame includes at least one of: a field indicating a type of the update; or a field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.
[0011] In this case, the second device may know the type of the update and / or the quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds, and may update the one or more parameters accordingly.
[0012] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include at least one of the following: one or more updated ranging parameters; or one or more updated management parameters.
[0013] In this case, different types of parameters may be updated according to actual needs, and the update may be more flexible.
[0014] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the method further includes at least one of: transmitting a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; or receiving a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.
[0015] In this case, the ranging parameters may be updated, and the first device and / or second device may each transmit a UWB packet using the updated ranging parameters.
[0016] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include the one or more updated management parameters, and the method further includes at least one of: transmitting a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; or receiving a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.
[0017] In this case, the management parameters may be updated, and the first device and / or second device may each transmit a management frame using the updated ranging parameters.
[0018] In some possible implementations, the method further includes at least one of: transmitting a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; or receiving a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.
[0019] In this case, the first device and / or the second device may indicate status of the update or the ranging. The peer device may know whether the update is accepted, rejected, failed, or whether the ranging is performed successfully. As such, the first device and / or the second device may decide whether to use the updater parameters according to the management frame received from the peer device. In this way, the first device and the second device may behave in the same way, that is, both the first device and second device either make the update, or do not make the update.
[0020] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a second device, for example, a second device, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a second device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a second device. The second device may be a responder. The method includes: receiving, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating an update wherein the update includes changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds.
[0021] In some possible implementations, the first frame includes a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.
[0022] In some possible implementations, the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.
[0023] In some possible implementations, the first frame includes at least one of: a field indicating a type of the update; or a field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.
[0024] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include at least one of the following: one or more updated ranging parameters; or one or more updated management parameters.
[0025] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the method further includes at least one of: receiving a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; or transmitting a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.
[0026] In some possible implementations, the one or more updated parameters include the one or more updated management parameters, and the method further includes at least one of: receiving a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; or transmitting a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.
[0027] In some possible implementations, the method further includes at least one of: receiving a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; or transmitting a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.
[0028] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0029] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0030] According to a fifth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0031] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0032] The communication apparatus may be a first device, a module in a first device or a chip responsible for a communication function in a first device, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0033] According to a sixth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0034] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0035] The communication apparatus may be a second device, a module in a second device or a chip responsible for a communication function in a second device, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or a SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0036] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system including a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0037] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0038] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0039] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates a block-based time structure.
[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of UWB MMS ranging session.
[0044] FIG. 4 illustrates examples of Narrowband Assisted Multi-millisecond ranging and UWB driven UWB MMS ranging.
[0045] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the initiator initiating an update of long-term operating parameters in some solutions.
[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method in accordance with some embodiments.
[0047] FIG. 7 illustrates an example in which ranging parameter (s) are updated in accordance with some embodiments.
[0048] FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which the management parameter (s) are updated in accordance with some embodiments.
[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates an example in which both management parameter (s) and ranging parameter (s) are updated in accordance with some embodiments.
[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a mismatch of ranging parameters in accordance with some embodiments.
[0051] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a mismatch of management parameters in accordance with some embodiments.
[0052] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which a failure of an update for ranging parameters is indicated in accordance with some embodiments.
[0053] FIG. 13 illustrates an example in which a failure of an update for management parameters is indicated in accordance with some embodiments.
[0054] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of updating management parameters after confirmation in accordance with some embodiments.
[0055] FIG. 15 illustrates an example in which a long-term update of operating parameters is unsuccessful in accordance with some embodiments.
[0056] FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which an initiator is not configured to transmit a Report frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0057] FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which a report phase is configured in accordance with some embodiments.
[0058] FIG. 18 illustrates an example mid-term update in accordance with some embodiments.
[0059] FIG. 19 illustrates an example parameter update in one-to-many (O2M) ranging in accordance with some embodiments.
[0060] FIG. 20 illustrates a general format of a compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0061] FIG. 21 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Poll frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0062] FIG. 22 illustrates an example Poll Control field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0063] FIG. 23 illustrates another example Poll Control field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0064] FIG. 24 illustrates an example Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0065] FIG. 25 illustrates an example Request Bitmap field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0066] FIG. 26 illustrates another example Message Content field of the O2O Poll frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0067] FIG. 27 illustrates another example Poll Control field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0068] FIG. 28 illustrates a Message Content field of an O2M Poll frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0069] FIG. 29 illustrates an example Responder Detail List field in accordance with some embodiments.
[0070] FIG. 30 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Response Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0071] FIG. 31 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Initiator Report Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0072] FIG. 32 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Responder Report Compact frame.
[0073] FIG. 33 illustrates an example Message Content field of a Status Compact frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0074] FIG. 34 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.
[0075] FIG. 35 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0076] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is increasingly being used for indoor positioning and other location services, such as access control and asset locating. Aside from dedicated devices and tags, UWB radios are becoming increasingly common in other devices such as high-end smartphones. The UWB physical layers (PHYs) and media access control (MAC) layers are standardized by the IEEE and the most recent related IEEE publication are the IEEE 802.15.4-2020 and the IEEE 802.15.4z. In addition, a task group 802.15.4ab is actively working on enhancements to the UWB technologies.
[0077] Aside from the traditional ranging use case, other use cases, such as device free sensing, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , and long-range ranging, are being actively investigated. To address the long-range ranging use case, multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging has been introduced in 802.15.4ab. The key idea behind MMS ranging is to distribute UWB ranging frames into multiple fragments and the fragments are transmitted across multiple milliseconds (ms) , thereby overcoming the emitted energy limit of 37 nJ per ms. In MMS ranging, the number of fragments required for the ranging depends on the range to be measured as well as the channel conditions, and hence may be dynamically adjusted even within the same ranging session. The MMS ranging may be further enhanced by a high-performance narrowband (NB) radio which is used to provide time synchronization for the UWB radio and is also used for control signaling. This is termed as narrowband assisted (NBA) -UWB MMS ranging.
[0078] To facilitate an understanding of solutions in the present disclosure, relevant terms will be introduced as follows.
[0079] A controller is a device that controls a UWB session and defines session parameters. A controlee is a device that utilizes the session parameters received from the controller to participate in the UWB session.
[0080] An initiator is a device that initiates a UWB exchange by sending a message of the exchange. An initiator may be a controller or a controlee that follows an instruction from the other controller. A responder is a device that responds to the message received from the initiator and participates in the UWB exchange. A responder may be a controller or a controlee.
[0081] An anchor device is a device that acts as a reference point used to determine a position of a tag. A tag is a device that receives signals from an anchor device to determine its position.
[0082] An advertiser is a device that regularly broadcasts data packets containing information about itself, allowing other devices to discover and connect to it. An observer is a device that listens to data packets broadcasted by an advertiser and takes appropriate actions based on the received data packets.
[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100. As shown in FIG. 1, in the communication system 100, a first device 110 may perform ranging with other device (s) , such as a second device 120 and a third device 130.
[0084] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be a controller while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be controlees. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be an initiator while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be responders. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be an anchor device while the second device 120 and the third device 130 may be tags. In some other embodiments, the second device 120 may be an advertiser while the first device 110 and the third device 130 may be observers.
[0085] It will be understood that the number of devices in the communication system 100 may be two or more than three, which is not limited herein.
[0086] FIG. 2 illustrates a block-based time structure defined in IEEE 802.15.4z for block-based mode of ranging. Each ranging block may consist of a whole number of ranging rounds, where a ranging round is a period of sufficient duration to complete one entire range-measurement cycle involving a set of enhanced ranging capable devices (ERDEVs) participating in a ranging exchange. Each ranging round may further be subdivided into an integer number of ranging slots, where a ranging slot is a sufficient time duration for the transmission of at least one ranging frame (RFRAME) . The block-based mode uses a structured timeline where the ranging block structure is periodic by default. It will be understood that the unmarked blank blocks in FIG. 2 may or may not be used for ranging measurement, which is not limited herein.
[0087] FIG. 3 illustrates an example UWB MMS ranging (simply put, MMS ranging) session in IEEE 802.15.4ab. An MMS ranging session may include an initialization and setup phase followed by one or more range-measurement cycles. During the initialization and setup phase, frames may be transmitted in an initialization channel, while during the range-measurement cycles, frames may be transmitted in a ranging channel. The initialization channel and the ranging channel may or may not be the same channel.
[0088] In the initialization and setup phase, an initiator and a responder may negotiate ranging configuration which may be different from the default configuration defined by 802.15.4ab. The initiator may transmit advertising poll (ADV-POLL) frames opportunistically at times and intervals to its discretion. The responder may opportunistically listen for incoming ADV-POLL frames and respond with an advertising response (ADV-RESP) frame if the responder intends to participate in a ranging session with the initiator. Once the initiator receives an ADV-RESP frame, it may transmit a start of ranging (SOR) frame that indicates a time offset at which a first range-measurement cycle will start.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 3, a ranging round may include a control phase, a ranging phase, and may further include a report phase. The control phase may start at the beginning of the ranging round. An initiator may start the control phase by transmitting a Poll (POLL) frame to a responder at the beginning of a first ranging slot of the ranging round. The Poll frame may also be referred to as a Poll Compact frame. The Poll frame serves to enable carrier coherent transmissions from the initiator to the responder. The responder may receive the Poll frame and then transmit a Response (RESP) frame to the initiator in response to the Poll frame. The Response frame may also be referred to as a Response Compact frame. The Response frame serves to enable carrier coherent transmissions from the responder to the initiator. The POLL and RESP frames allow the initiator and the responder to achieve time and frequency synchronization. UWB MMS ranging reports may be transmitted during the optional report phase. If it is enabled, the report phase starts when the ranging phase ends. A report may serve to provide ranging results obtained during the ranging phase.
[0090] In the ranging phase, the initiator and the responder may exchange UWB MMS packets (simply put, MMS packets) . An MMS packet may include one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) and / or one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) . The RSFs are used to perform ranging measurements while the RIFs are used to check the integrity of the ranging measurements.
[0091] An MMS packet may be an RSF-only MMS packet, a RIF-only MMS packet, or a mixed MMS packet. An RSF-only MMS packet may only include RSFs. An RIF-only MMS packet may only include RIFs. A mixed MMS packet may include RSFs and RIFs. In a mixed MMS packet format for ranging integrity, the RIFs may follow the RSFs.
[0092] After the initiator or the responder completes the reception of all fragments for the ranging phase, the report phase may start in which the initiator and / or the responder may generate a ranging measurement report, and send a Report (RPRT) frame carrying the ranging measurement report to the peer device.
[0093] The MMS ranging comes in two flavors as shown in FIG. 4: (1) narrowband assisted ultra-wide band multi-millisecond (NBA UWB MMS) ranging in which ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB while control signals are transmitted using narrow band (e.g., using the offset quadrature phase shift keying (O-QPSK) PHY specified in IEEE 802.15.4-2020) ; (2) UWB driven UWB MMS ranging in which control frames as well as ranging fragments are transmitted using UWB. In UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, an UWB packet including a synchronization (SYNC) field and a start-of-frame delimiter (SFD) field indicates the start of transmitting an MMS packet.
[0094] Solutions described below may be applicable to both NBA UWB MMS ranging and UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, which in not limited to thereof.
[0095] An MMS packet may be an RSF-only MMS packet consisting of one or more ranging sequence fragments (RSFs) , a RIF-only MMS packet consisting of one or more ranging integrity fragments (RIFs) , or a mixed MMS packet consisting of both RSFs and RIFs. In a mixed MMS packet format for ranging integrity, one or more RIFs may follow the RSFs. The RIFs may be transmitted after the RSFs. Two adjacent RSFs may be 1 millisecond (ms) apart in time, two adjacent RIFs may also be 1 ms apart, while the last RSF and the first RIF may be 2 ms apart.
[0096] In some solutions, some parameters such as a ranging PHY parameter, a management PHY parameter, a ranging MAC parameter, and a management MAC parameter may be used for UWB MMS ranging. To allow common text to cover both NBA UWB MMS ranging and UWB driven UWB MMS ranging, the term "ranging PHY parameter" may refer to a UWB PHY parameter, while the term "management PHY parameter" may refer to either an O-QPSK PHY parameter or a UWB PHY parameter. Similarly, the term "ranging MAC parameter" refers to a parameter related to the UWB packet used in the ranging phase (e.g., number of RSFs, number of RIFs) , while the term "management MAC parameter" refers to a parameter related to the rest of the phases (i.e., the initialization and setup phase, the control phase and the report phase) , for example a parameter related to the ranging block structure, etc. It is noted that in the present disclosure, "a / an / the …parameter" may refer to one or more related parameters, depending on the actual scenario.
[0097] In some solutions, the initiator and the responder may use default parameters in the ranging rounds. In some cases, in the initialization and setup phase, the initiator and the responder may negotiate ranging configuration which is different from the default configuration. The configuration so negotiated, or the default parameters, for the ranging session is known as long-term operating parameters which are used for all the ranging rounds permanently.
[0098] In some solutions, after the initialization and setup phase, the long-term operating parameters may be updated. In a first example, the initiator may override long-term operating parameters of a ranging round by indicating a new set of short-term operating parameters during the control phase. In a second example, before the current ranging round, the responder may request short-term operating parameters for the current ranging round during the control phase. The initiator may serve the responder’s request and indicate updated operating parameters (e.g., the short-term operating parameters) in the current ranging round. Accordingly, the initiator and the responder may update the operating parameters in the current ranging round.
[0099] However, in both the first example and the second example, the short-term operating parameters may only affect one ranging round which is the current ranging round, and original long-term operating parameters resume being in effect in the next ranging round unless the initiator indicate the update again during the control phase of the next ranging round.
[0100] For example, a Poll frame may indicate short-term operating parameters for a current ranging round. In this case, the Poll frame is still transmitted using original long-term operating parameters. After receiving the Poll frame indicating the short-term operating parameters, the responder may update operating parameters with the short-term operating parameters. The updated operating parameters (e.g., the short-term operating parameters) take effect at the end of the Poll frame and are only applicable to the current ranging round. In other words, all subsequent transmissions in the current ranging round will use the updated operating parameters. However, all parameters revert to the original long-term operating parameters in the next ranging round.
[0101] In the second example, in a previous ranging round, the initiator may request the responder to suggest short-term operating parameters for the current ranging round. If the responder receives a Poll frame from the initiator with a request to suggest short-term operating parameters and is not intending to send any measurement report in the current ranging round, then the Response frame transmitted by the responder may include the suggested short-term operating parameters. The initiator may make use of the suggested short-term operating parameters to determine updated operating parameters (e.g., the short-term operating parameters) to be used in the current ranging round. For example, if the Poll frame transmitted in the previous ranging round from the initiator includes a request for suggesting short-term operating parameters, then the Report frame transmitted by the responder may include the suggested short-term operating parameters. The initiator may make use of these suggested short-term operating parameters to determine updated operating parameters to be used in the current ranging round.
[0102] While some solutions provide mechanism to update the long-term operating parameters in-band (i.e., using the management PHY (either O-QPSK or UWB) ) parameter for the current ranging round (i.e., as short-term operating parameters) , currently the IEEE 802.15.4ab specification does not provide any in-band mechanism to update the operating parameters for the long term, i.e., beyond the current ranging round. Any updated operating parameters made in the current ranging round revert to the long-term operating parameters in the next ranging round.
[0103] FIG. 5 is an example of the initiator initiating an update of long-term operating parameters in some solutions. FIG. 5 illustrates a one-to-one (O2O) UWB MMS ranging between an initiator and a responder in ranging rounds n of two consecutive ranging block. In this example, ranging round n of ranging block m and ranging round n of ranging block (m+1) are assigned to the initiator and the responder. Other ranging rounds of the ranging blocks m and (m+1) may be assigned to the initiator and another responder. To save space, the other ranging rounds of the ranging blocks m and (m+1) are not shown in FIG. 5.
[0104] As shown in FIG. 5, in the ranging round n of the ranging block m, the initiator transmits a O2O Poll frame indicating a set of short-term operating parameters during the control phase of the ranging block m. In this example, the set of short-term operating parameters include both management parameters and ranging parameters. the set of short-term operating parameters may also be referred to as updated operating parameters for the short-term. The O2O Poll frame may be transmitted using original long-term operating parameters (e.g., long-term management PHY parameter) and indicates short-term operating parameters (i.e., updated operating parameters for the short-term) . After transmitting the O2O Poll frame, the initiator updates operating parameters by overriding the long-term operating parameters with the short-term operating parameters. After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder also updates operating parameters accordingly by overriding the long-term operating parameters with the short-term operating parameters.
[0105] The updated operating parameters (e.g., the short-term operating parameters) take effect at the end of the O2O Poll frame and are only applicable to the current ranging round n, which means that the updated operating parameters are only used for transmissions and receptions in the current ranging round n. In the current ranging round n, all subsequent transmissions (i.e., transmission of both management frames and ranging packets) after the O2O Poll frame shall use the updated operating parameters. For example, if an updated management PHY data rate is included in the O2O Poll frame, the responder transmits an O2O Response frame as well as an O2O Report frame using the updated data rate, while the initiator also transmits an O2O Report frame using the updated data rate. Similarly, if an updated ranging MAC parameter (e.g., number of RSFs and number RIFs) is included in the O2O Poll frame, both the initiator and the responder perform ranging using UWB packets with the updated number of RSFs and number RIFs.
[0106] In a next ranging round assigned to the initiator and the responder (for example in ranging round n of the ranging block (m+1) ) , all parameters revert to the long-term operating parameters which are the original long-term operating parameters. In this case, all the management frames and ranging packets are transmitted using the long-term operating parameters in the ranging round n of the ranging block (m+1) .
[0107] In these solutions, updated operating parameters made in the current ranging round revert to the long-term operating parameters in the next ranging round. If the initiator intends to use the updated operating parameters in the next ranging round, the initiator may need to initiate the update again, which may be inefficient and may consume more resources for indicating the update. In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for updating the parameters.
[0108] Embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable in any application scenario that uses the UWB MMS ranging, such as tags, smartphones, laptops, key fobs, vehicles, or door locks. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a series of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) protocols, such as IEEE 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / extremely-high throughput (EHT) protocol, IEEE 802.11bn / ultra-high reliability (UHR) / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, IEEE Integrated Millimeter Wave (IMMW) protocol, IEEE 802.15 / UWB protocol, or IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol. The present disclosure may also be applied to spark link / nearlink standard protocol, and the protocols are not limited thereto.
[0109] The method may be performed by a first device and a second device. The method may be implemented in the communication system 100. The first device may be the device 100 in FIG. 1, and the second device may be the device 120 or 130 in FIG. 1. The first device may be an initiator, and the second device may be a responder. Embodiments will be illustrated by taking an example in which the first device is an initiator and the second device is a responder.
[0110] FIG. 6 illustrates a device interaction diagram of a method 600 in accordance with some embodiments. Referring to FIG. 6, the device interaction involves an initiator and a responder.
[0111] In step 601, the initiator determines an update, the update includes changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds.
[0112] The one or more updated parameters may be updated operating parameters and may include at least one of the following: one or more updated ranging parameters, or one or more updated management parameters.
[0113] The ranging parameter may be used for transmitting and / or receiving ranging packets during the ranging phase. The ranging parameter may include a ranging PHY parameter and / or a ranging MAC parameter. The ranging PHY parameter may include the symbol to use for the RSF, the number of zeros to insert into the complementary set, the number of repetitions or the MMRS symbol in each RSF, length of RIF, the UWB channel to use etc. The ranging MAC parameter may include the number of RSF segments in the UWB MMS packet, the number of RIF segments in the UWB MMS packet etc. The management parameter may be used for transmitting and / or receiving management frames during the control phase and the report phase. The management parameter may include a management PHY parameter and / or a management MAC parameter. The management PHY parameter may be the PHY layer modulation for the MMS control phase, the PHY layer modulation for the MMS report phase. The management MAC parameter may be parameter related to the ranging block structure (e.g., ranging slot duration, ranging round duration, ranging block duration, duration of the slots in the control phase of MMS ranging rounds, duration of the slots in the MMS report phase of ranging rounds) , status of the channel switching mechanism, whether measurement report is requested etc.
[0114] In step 602, in a first ranging round, the initiator transmits a first frame indicating the update to the responder. Accordingly, the responder receives the first frame.
[0115] The first frame may be a management frame, such as a Poll frame. The initiator may transmit the first frame to one or more responders. The case in which the initiator transmits the first frame to multiple responders will be described later.
[0116] In these embodiments, the initiator initiates an update for parameters which may be valid for a plurality of ranging rounds. In this way, the initiator may indicate the update only once instead of indicate the update in each of the plurality of ranging rounds. As such, signaling overhead for indicating the update may be reduced. Moreover, the initiator and the responder may update the parameters only once instead of updating the parameters many times in the plurality of ranging rounds. In this way, intricacy of performing the update may be reduced.
[0117] In some implementations, the first frame may include a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.
[0118] In some implementations, the first frame may include a field indicating a type of the update. The type of the update may be a long-term update, a mid-term update, or a short-term update.
[0119] In this case, different types of updates may be implemented, thereby improving the flexibility of the update.
[0120] The long-term update refers to a permanent update and the updated parameters will be applicable to all subsequent ranging rounds for the initiator and the responder. In the case of the long-term update, the initiator and the responder may override the original long-term parameters with updated parameters, and the initiator and the responder may use the updated parameters in all subsequent ranging rounds. For example, if the initiator intends the update to the long-term operating parameters to be persistent, the first frame may carry the updated operating parameters and may include a field indicating that the updated operating parameters are meant for the long-term.
[0121] The mid-term update refers to an update which will be applicable to multiple ranging rounds. In the case of the mid-term update, the initiator and the responder may override the original long-term parameters with updated parameters, and the initiator and the responder may use the updated parameters in the multiple ranging rounds. The initiator and responder may revert to use the original long-term parameters after the multiple ranging rounds. For example, if the initiator intends the update to the operating parameters to be valid for several ranging rounds, the first frame may carry the updated operating parameters and may include a field indicating that the updated operating parameters are meant for the mid-term.
[0122] The short-term update refers to an update which will be applicable to one ranging round. In the case of the short-term update, the initiator and the responder may override the original long-term parameters with updated parameters, and the initiator and the responder may use the updated parameters in only one ranging round. The initiator and responder may revert to use the original long-term parameters after this ranging round. For example, if the initiator intends the update to the operating parameters to be valid in only one ranging round, the first frame may carry the updated operating parameters and may include a field indicating that the updated operating parameters are meant for the short-term.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first frame may include a field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds. For example, the update is a mid-term update, and the first frame includes a field indicating a quantity of multiple ranging rounds in which the updated parameters are used.
[0124] The plurality of ranging rounds may be in one or more ranging blocks. The plurality of ranging rounds may start from the first ranging round or may start after the first ranging round. In the case where the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, the updated parameters may be used in the first ranging round and subsequent ranging rounds assigned for the initiator and the responder. In the case where the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round, the original long-term parameters instead of the updated parameters may be used in the first ranging round, and the updated parameters may be used in ranging rounds assigned for the initiator and the responder that are subsequent to or after the first ranging round.
[0125] In some implementations, the one or more updated parameters include the one or more updated ranging parameters, and at least one of the initiator or the responder may transmit an ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using an updated ranging parameter.
[0126] For example, the initiator may transmit a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first UWB packet. Additionally, the responder may transmit a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters. Accordingly, the initiator may receive and decode the second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters. Moreover, the initiator may perform ranging measurement after receiving the second UWB packet. The responder may perform ranging measurement after receiving the first UWB packet. As such, the initiator and / or the responder may obtain the result of the ranging measurement such as a distance between the initiator and the responder.
[0127] In some implementations, the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated management parameters, and at least one of the initiator or the responder may transmit a management frame using an updated management parameter.
[0128] For example, the initiator may transmit a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters. Accordingly, the responder may receive the first management frame the one or more updated management parameters. Additionally, the responder may transmit a second management frame the one or more updated management parameters. Accordingly, the initiator may receive and decode the second management frame the one or more updated management parameters.
[0129] FIG. 7 illustrates an example in which ranging parameter (s) are updated. During a control phase of ranging round n of ranging block m, the initiator transmits a one-to-one (O2O) Poll frame indicating an update for the ranging parameter (s) , such as a ranging PHY parameter and / or a ranging MAC parameter. The O2O Poll frame may indicate a new set of ranging parameter (s) as updated ranging parameters. The O2O Poll frame may further include a field indicating that the updated parameters are meant for the long-term.
[0130] After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder temporarily updates the ranging parameters with the updated ranging parameters included in the O2O Poll frame. Similarly, the initiator also temporarily updates the ranging parameters after transmitting the O2O Poll frame. The updated ranging parameters take effect at the end of the O2O Poll frame and are used for the transmissions / receptions of the UWB packet in the ranging phase of the current ranging round (i.e., the ranging round n of the ranging block m) . For example, if the updated ranging MAC parameter (e.g., number of RSFs and number RIFs) is included in the O2O Poll frame, both the initiator and the responder perform ranging using UWB packets with the updated number of RSFs and number RIFs.
[0131] The initiator may transmit an UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters. Accordingly, the responder may receive the UWB packet. Once the UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters is received by the responder and the ranging is successfully completed by the responder, the UWB packet may act as an implicit acknowledgment that the initiator has correctly updated the ranging parameters. This may be seen as local verification of the parameter update.
[0132] Similarly, the responder may transmit an UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the UWB pack. Once the UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters is received by the initiator and the ranging is successfully completed by the initiator, the UWB packet acts as an implicit acknowledgment that the responder has correctly updated the ranging parameters.
[0133] Since the management parameters are not updated, the responder may transmit a O2O Response frame using the original management parameters.
[0134] If a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the initiator and / or the responder is requested to transmit a Report frame, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit a Report frame including a timing measurement related to the ranging. The Report frame may act as implicit acknowledgment that the peer device has also successfully received the UWB packets and act as remote verification of the parameter update. Since the management parameters are not updated, the Report frame may be transmitted using the original management parameters.
[0135] In this example, both the initiator and the responder have verified that the ranging parameters have been updated by the peer device and hence the ranging parameters are saved as long-term ranging parameters, which means that the original long-term ranging parameters are overridden by the new ranging parameters.
[0136] In the next and subsequent ranging rounds allocated to the initiator-responder pair (e.g., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1) ) , the UWB packets during the ranging phase use the updated ranging parameters (e.g., the updated number of RSFs and number of RIFs) .
[0137] FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which the management parameter (s) are updated. During the control phase of ranging round n of ranging block m, the initiator transmits a O2O Poll frame indicating an update for the management parameter (s) , such as a management PHY parameter (e.g., data rate) and / or a management MAC parameter. The O2O Poll frame may indicate a new set of management parameter (s) as updated management parameters. The O2O Poll frame may further include a field indicating that the updated parameters are meant for the long-term.
[0138] The example is similar to that in FIG. 7 and detailed descriptions are omitted. In this example, the initiator transmits the O2O Poll frame using the original management parameters. After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder updates the management parameters and transmits a O2O Response frame using the updated management parameters.
[0139] Since the ranging parameters are not updated, during the ranging phase, the initiator and / or the responder transmits UWB packets using the original ranging parameters.
[0140] If a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the initiator and / or the responder is requested to transmit a Report frame, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit a Report frame including a timing measurement related to the ranging. Since the management parameters are updated, the Report frame may be transmitted using the updated management parameters.
[0141] If both devices successfully receive the management frames with updated management parameters in the control and / or report phase (either using the O-QPSK PHY or the UWB PHY) , the long-term management parameters are updated in subsequent rounds allocated to the initiator-responder pair (e.g., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1) ) . In subsequent rounds, the management frames such as O2O Poll frame, O2O Response fame and Report frame in the control phase and the report phase may be transmitted and received using the updated management parameters.
[0142] FIG. 9 illustrates an example in which both management parameter (s) and ranging parameter (s) are updated. During the control phase of ranging round n of ranging block m, the initiator transmits an O2O Poll frame indicating an update for both the management parameter (s) and the ranging parameter (s) . The O2O Poll frame may indicate a new set of ranging parameters and management parameters as updated parameters. The O2O Poll frame may further include a field indicating that the updated parameters are meant for the long-term. The initiator may transmit the O2O Poll frame using the original management parameters.
[0143] In this case, management frames and UWB packets after the O2O Poll frame indicating the update may be transmitted using the updated management parameters and updated ranging parameters, respectively. For example, after receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder may transmit a O2O Response frame using the updater management parameters. Subsequently, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit UWB packet (s) using the updated ranging parameters. If a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the initiator and / or the responder is requested to transmit a Report frame, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit a Report frame including a timing measurement related to the ranging. Since the management parameters are updated, the Report frame may be transmitted using the updated management parameters.
[0144] When updates are made to both ranging parameters and management parameters, any parameter (either ranging parameters or management parameters) may be used to verify the update. For example, for the initiator-responder pair, receiving a UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters may act as an implicit acknowledgment that the peer device has correctly updated the ranging parameter. Receiving a O2O Response frame may act as an implicit acknowledgment that the peer device has correctly updated the management parameters. If a report phase is configured, receiving a O2O Report frame with the updated management parameters may act as an implicit acknowledgment that the peer device has correctly updated the ranging parameters and the management parameters.
[0145] An error recovery for ranging parameter update may be performed with higher priority as compared to the management parameter update. For example, if the update of management parameters is verified but the update of the ranging parameters is not verified, the entire update procedure may be considered as a failure and the update may be reattempted in a later ranging round. To simply the update procedure, the initiator and the responder may not update the ranging parameters and the management parameters at the same time.
[0146] In some cases, the initiator and the responder may adopt different operating parameters. In these cases, the initiator and the responder may not be able to communicate with each other and may fail to perform ranging successfully. For example, one device (either initiator or responder) updates the operating parameters but the peer device does not update the operating parameters, which may lead to a mismatch of operating parameters.
[0147] In a case where the initiator indicates an update for the ranging parameters, a failure of receiving a UWB packet may lead to a mismatch of the ranging parameters between the initiator and the responder. For example, if a device fails to receive the UWB packet from the peer device and is unable to perform the ranging measurement, it may not verify that the peer device has successfully updated the ranging parameters even if the peer device has successfully updated the ranging parameters. In this case, the device that fails to receive the UWB packet may not update the ranging parameters while the peer device may update the ranging parameters, potentially leading to a mismatch of ranging parameters between the devices.
[0148] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a mismatch of ranging parameters. The scenario is similar to that of FIG. 7. The initiator also indicates the update for the ranging parameters. However, in ranging round n of ranging block m, while the responder updates the ranging parameters, successfully receives the initiator’s UWB packet with updated ranging parameters and correctly performs ranging measurement, the initiator fails to receive the responder’s UWB packet with the updated ranging parameters (for example, due to local interference event) and is unable to correctly perform ranging measurement.
[0149] The initiator may verify the update of the responder’s ranging parameters according to reception of the UWB packet.
[0150] If the report phase is configured, although reception of the Report frame from the responder may indicate that the responder has updated the ranging parameters, since the initiator didn’ t receive the responder’s UWB packet, the initiator cannot verify the update of the responder’s ranging parameters and may choose not to update the ranging parameters.
[0151] If a report phase is not configured, or the responder is not configured to transmit a Report frame, reception of the UWB packet may be the only means to verify that the responder has updated the ranging parameters. Since the initiator didn’ t receive the responder’s UWB packet, the initiator cannot verify the update of the responder’s ranging parameters and may choose not to update the ranging parameters.
[0152] In the next ranging round (i.e., the ranging round n of the ranging block (m+1) ) , the initiator uses the original long-term ranging parameters while the responder uses the updated ranging parameters, leading to the mismatch of the ranging parameters and ranging failure in the ranging round n of the ranging block (m+1) .
[0153] It should be noted that this is only one example scenario that may lead to a mismatch of ranging parameters between the devices, but there may be many other scenarios that may lead to a mismatch of ranging parameters between the devices.
[0154] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a mismatch of management parameters. The scenario is similar to that of FIG. 8. The initiator transmits an O2O Poll frame indicating the update for the management parameters. After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder updates the management parameters. However, in the example shown in FIG. 11, the initiator fails to receive both the Response (RESP) frame and the Report frame from the responder, and the initiator then fails to verify that the responder has made the parameter update and may choose not to update the management parameters; while the responder may proceed to make the update, leading to mismatch of management parameters in the next round, causing the responder unable to receive a Poll frame in the ranging round n of the ranging block (m+1) .
[0155] Although the problem of a mismatch of management parameters may also exist in the short-term parameter update, since all devices revert to using the long-term operating parameters in the next ranging round, any mismatch of operating parameters will only affect the current ranging round in the current ranging block and will be rectified in the next ranging block. However, for the long-term update where the update is persistent and for the mid-term update where the update is valid for multiple ranging rounds, the mismatch of operating parameters may lead to a break down in the communication between the initiator and the responder.
[0156] In view of this, some embodiments may provide manners for avoiding the mismatch of operating parameters, which may ensure that both the initiator and responder may behave in the same way, that is, both the initiator and responder either make the update, or do not make the update.
[0157] In some embodiments, the initiator may transmit the third management frame indicating the failure of the update. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third management frame. The third management frame may be an O2O Report frame. The third management frame may include a field indicating the failure of the update.
[0158] Similarly, in some embodiments, the responder may transmit a management frame indicating a failure of the update. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the fourth management frame. The fourth management frame may be an O2O Report frame. The fourth management frame includes a field indicating the failure of the update.
[0159] For example, in a case where the initiator and / or the responder cannot verify that the peer device has updated the operating parameters, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit a Report frame that includes a field indicating the failure of the update. When the peer device receives the Report frame, it may not update the operating parameters.
[0160] Alternatively, when an error occurs during the reception of the UWB packet or a device cannot verify that the peer device has successfully updated the operating parameters, the device may not transmit a Report frame even if it is requested to transmit a Report frame. In this way, the failure of the update may be indicated implicitly. If the peer device does not receive a Report frame at an expected period such as an expected slot, the peer device also does not update the operating parameters. As such, the mismatch of the operating parameters may be avoided.
[0161] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which a failure of an update for ranging parameters is indicated. The method shown in FIG. 12 may be implemented to resolve the mismatch of ranging parameters in FIG. 10. In this example, during the control phase of the current ranging round (i.e., ranging round n of ranging block m) , the initiator transmits an O2O Poll frame indicating long-term update for the ranging parameters. After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder updates the ranging parameters. The initiator also updates the ranging parameter after transmitting the O2O Poll frame. The responder may transmit an O2O Response frame in response to the O2O Poll frame.
[0162] During the ranging phase of the current ranging round, the initiator and the responder each transmit a UWB packet using the updated ranging parameters. The responder receives the UWB packet from the initiator. However, the initiator fails to receive the UWB packet from the responder (for example, due to local interference event) and is unable to correctly perform ranging measurement. In this case, the initiator transmits a Report frame including a long-term parameter negative acknowledgement (LTP NAK) to indicate the failure of the update. As such, the initiator may alert the responder that the initiator will not update the long-term ranging parameters. Upon receiving the LTP NAK, the responder may refrain from updating the long-term ranging parameters.
[0163] In the next ranging round allocated to the initiator-responder pair (e.g., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1)) , the UWB packets transmitted during the ranging phase may use the original long-term ranging parameters (e.g., the number of RSFs and number of RIFs) , thereby avoiding the mismatch of the ranging parameters. In this way, the initiator and the responder may complete the ranging measurement successfully.
[0164] It should be noted that the initiator may also re-attempt the long-term parameter update in the next ranging round, or the initiator may also use the responder’s Report frame as a further check point to decide whether or not to update its copy of the long-term operating parameters. For example, reception of the Report frame from the responder may be taken as verification that the responder has updated the ranging parameter and was able to receive the initiator’s UWB Packet sent with the updated ranging parameters.
[0165] If a report phase is not configured, or a Report frame is not expected from the peer device, it is not possible to double confirm that the peer device has made the long-term parameter update, and hence as long as the device receives an UWB packet with the updated operating parameters and the ranging measurement is successfully completed, the updated operating parameters are saved as long-term operating parameters.
[0166] FIG. 13 illustrates an example in which a failure of an update for management parameters is indicated. The method shown in FIG. 13 may be implemented to resolve the mismatch of management parameters in FIG. 11. In this example, during the control phase of the current ranging round (i.e., ranging round n of ranging block m) , the initiator transmits an O2O Poll frame indicating long-term update for the management parameters. After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder updates the management parameters. The initiator also updates the management parameters after transmitting the O2O Poll frame. The responder may transmit an O2O Response frame using the updated management parameters in response to the O2O Poll frame.
[0167] During the ranging phase, the initiator and / or the responder may each transmit a UWB packet with the original ranging parameters since the initiator does not indicate to update the ranging parameters.
[0168] During the report phase, the responder transmits a O2O Report frame using the updated management parameters. However, the initiator fails to receive both the O2O Response frame and the O2O Report frame. In this case, the initiator transmits a O2O Report frame including an LTP NAK to indicate the failure of the update. Upon receiving the LTP NAK, the responder may refrain from updating the long-term management parameters.
[0169] In the next ranging round allocated to the initiator-responder pair (e.g., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1)) , the management frames such as the O2O Poll frame, the O2O Response frame, and the O2O Report frame (s) may use the original long-term management parameters, thereby avoiding the mismatch of the management parameters. In this way, the initiator and the responder may complete the ranging successfully.
[0170] In some cases, if the responder fails to receive the O2O Poll frame in the next ranging round, the responder may try to receive the O2O Poll frame for few more ranging rounds with both the updated and the original operating parameters. However, if these attempts fail, the responder may retry the initialization and setup phase again.
[0171] In the examples described above, during the operating parameter update procedure, the operating parameter update may take effect immediately in the first ranging round. Alternatively, the operating parameter update may take effect after the first ranging round. In this case, the initiator and the responder may confirm whether to update the parameters before the initiator and the responder update the parameters.
[0172] In some embodiments, the initiator may transmit a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error. The third management frame may include a field indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third frame. Similarly, the responder may transmit a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error. Accordingly, the responder may receive the fourth frame. The fourth management frame may also include a field indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.
[0173] The third management frame and the fourth management frame may be transmitted in the first ranging round with the original operating parameters. If the initiator indicates update for operating parameters and the update is acknowledged and confirmed in the first ranging round, the update may take effect from a ranging round subsequent to the first ranging round.
[0174] In these embodiments, since the initiator and the responder confirm whether to update the parameters, and the initiator and the responder may update the parameters after the confirmation, thereby decreasing the chances of mismatch of the operating parameters and improving the robustness.
[0175] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of updating management parameters after confirmation. In this example, during the control phase in the ranging round n of ranging block m, the initiator transmits an O2O Poll frame indicating update for the management parameters. The O2O Poll frame includes a field indicating that the updated operating parameters are meant for the long-term. The O2O Poll frame also includes a new set of operating parameters for the update. The O2O Poll frame as well as all other frames in the control and report phases as well as the UWB packets in the ranging phase are transmitted and received using the original long-term operating parameters.
[0176] After receiving the O2O Poll frame, the responder makes a temporary copy of the new operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame. Similarly, the initiator also makes a temporary copy of the new operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame. The new operating parameters are meant to take effect in the subsequent ranging round once the update is confirmed in the current ranging round.
[0177] If the responder agrees to make long-term update to the operating parameters from the next ranging round, it includes a long-term parameter acknowledgement (LTP ACK) indicating an acknowledgement of the update in the O2O Response frame. Else, it may include an LTP NAK indicating a negative acknowledgement of the update in the O2O Response frame to explicitly disagree to the update, or omit the LTP ACK in the O2O Response frame to implicitly disagree to the update.
[0178] If a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the responder is requested to transmit a Report frame, the responder transmits the Report frame including the timing measurement related to the ranging and it may also include an LTP ACK indicating an acknowledgement of the update to agree with the operating parameter update. Alternatively, the responder may include an LTP NAK indicating a negative acknowledgement of the update in the Report frame to disagree with the operating parameter update.
[0179] If a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the initiator is requested to transmit a Report frame, the initiator transmits the Report frame including the timing measurement related to the ranging. The initiator may also include an LTP ACK in the Report frame to confirm that it will make the update to the operating parameters from the next ranging round. Alternatively, the initiator may include an LTP NAK in the Report frame to indicate that it will not make the update to the operating parameters from the next ranging round.
[0180] In a case where both devices (i.e., the initiator and the responder) have verified that the operating parameters will be updated by the peer device by receiving the LTP ACK from the peer device, the temporary copy of the operating parameters may be saved as long-term operating parameters, i.e., the long-term operating parameters are overridden by the updated operating parameters. In the next and subsequent ranging rounds allocated to the initiator-responder pair (e.g., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1) ) , the management frames in the control and report phases may use the updated parameters (e.g., the updated data rate) .
[0181] FIG. 14 illustrates the example in which the management parameters are updated after the confirmation of the update. Similarly, the ranging parameters may also be updated from the confirmation of the update. For example, the initiator indicates a long-term update in the O2O Poll frame during the control phase of the current ranging round (i.e., ranging round n of ranging block m) . The initiator and / or the responder may transmit an LTP ACK in the current ranging round to indicate acknowledgement or confirmation of the update. The initiator and the responder may use the updated management parameters from the next ranging round (i.e., ranging round n of ranging block (m+1) ) . Alternatively, the initiator and / or the responder may transmit an LTP NCK in the current ranging round to indicate a negative acknowledgement or disagreement of the update.
[0182] FIG. 15 illustrates an example in which a long-term update of operating parameters is unsuccessful. In the example, a report phase is configured in the ranging round and the initiator is requested to transmit a Report frame. The initiator indicates a long-term update of operating parameters in the O2O Poll frame as explained earlier in FIG. 14. However, different from the example in FIG. 14, the initiator fails to receive the LTP ACK from the responder. The initiator may fail to receive the LTP ACK either due to reception failure of both the O2O Response frame and the O2O Report frame, or both the O2O Response frame and the O2O Report frame omitting the LTP ACK or including the LTP NAK.
[0183] Since the initiator is not able to confirm that the responder will make the long-term update to the operating parameters, the initiator includes an LTP NAK in its O2O Report frame to cancel the long-term update and discards the temporary copy of the operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame. Similarly, since the initiator’s O2O Report frame does not include the LTP ACK and includes an LTP NAK instead, the responder also discards the temporary copy of the operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame and the long-term parameter update is not made in the next ranging round by either device, thereby avoiding a mismatch of operating parameters in the next ranging round.
[0184] FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which an initiator is not configured to transmit a Report frame. This example is similar to the example shown in FIG. 15 except that the initiator is not configured to transmit the Report frame. In the example shown in FIG. 16, if the responder included the LTP ACK in its frames but the initiator failed to receive the LTP ACK from the responder (e.g., due to reception failure of both the O2O Response frame and the responder’s O2O Report frame) , the initiator is unable to confirm the responder’s update status and it may not make the long-term update in the next ranging round. However, if the report phase is not configured in the ranging round or the initiator is not requested to transmit a Report frame, the initiator is not able to signal the cancellation of the long-term update in the current ranging round and the responder may not be aware of the cancellation of the long-term update. In this case, the initiator may use the original operating parameters in the next ranging round while the responder may use the updated long-term operating parameters in the next ranging round, thereby leading to a mismatch of operating parameters in the next ranging round and hence causing reception errors.
[0185] One solution to the problem is to use the ranging phase as an alternate implicit acknowledgement or confirmation of the long-term operating parameter update. As long as the ranging is successfully completed during the ranging phase, both devices assume that the management frames were correctly received in the control phase and both devices proceed to make the long-term update in the next ranging round.
[0186] An alternative solution is to always configure a report phase in all ranging rounds and reserve ranging slots at the end of the report phase for the initiator. FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which a report phase is always configured. As shown in FIG. 17, the initiator may include ACK or NAK in the O2O Report frame or another frame such as a Status Compact frame. When for any reason, the initiator decides not to proceed with the long-term update in the next ranging round (e.g., due to reception failure of both the O2O Response frame and the responder’s O2O Report frame) , at the end of the report phase, the initiator transmits either a dedicated Status Compact frame, or an initiator’s O2O Report frame carrying an LTP NAK to cancel the long-term update and discards the temporary copy of the operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame. Similarly, upon receiving the LTP NAK, the responder also discards the temporary copy of the operating parameters included in the O2O Poll frame and the long-term parameter update is not made in the next ranging round by either device thereby avoiding a mismatch of operating parameters in the next ranging round.
[0187] As described above, the update is for a plurality of ranging rounds. In some situations, the initiator may intend to make the update to the operating parameter last for several ranging rounds instead of making the update permanent. In this case, the type of the update is the mid-term update. For example, the initiator may be aware of an ongoing Wi-Fi transmission that may take several minutes (e.g., for video upload from the same smartphone, etc. ) and may interfere with the UWB ranging. In such a case, the solutions for parameter update explained earlier may be extended to make a mid-term update.
[0188] In the case of the mid-term update, the first frame may include updated operating parameters for the mid-term and may also indicate that the type of the update is mid-term update. The first frame may further specify the quantity of ranging blocks or number of ranging rounds for which the parameter update will be valid or in effect. After these ranging blocks or rounds, the operating parameters will revert to the original long-term operating parameters for subsequent ranging blocks or rounds.
[0189] FIG. 18 illustrates an example mid-term update. In ranging round 0 of ranging block 0, the initiator transmits a Poll frame indicating updated operating parameters (e.g., for the mid-term) and as well as indicating that the parameter update is for the mid-term. The Poll frame also indicates that the parameter update will be in effect for n blocks. Optionally, the initiator may also indicate the index of the ranging block (e.g., m, m > 0) in which the updated parameter will start to take effect. In this example, m = 1. If the starting ranging block is not indicated, the parameter update will take effect from the ranging block right after the ranging block in which the Poll frame is transmitted. The original operating parameters is used in ranging blocks prior to the starting ranging block m (i.e., in ranging block 0 to ranging block m –1) . Both the initiator and the responder use the updated operating parameters in the ranging block 1 to the ranging block n, and revert to the original long-term operating parameters in ranging block (n+1) . In a case where ranging round 0 of each ranging block is allocated to the initiator-responder pair, both the initiator and the responder use the updated operating parameters in each ranging round 0 of ranging block 1 to ranging block n, and revert to the original long-term operating parameters in ranging round 0 of the ranging block (n+1) .
[0190] In some embodiments, the solutions described above may be extended to the case of one-to-many (O2M) UWB MMS ranging (simply called O2M ranging) in which an initiator engages in UWB MMS ranging with more than one responder. In the case of O2M ranging, a ranging round may be allocated to one initiator and multiple responders. A ranging round may include multiple sub-rounds, and each sub-round may be allocated to an initiator-responder pair.
[0191] In the case of O2M ranging, the initiator may transmit a O2M Poll frame to the multiple responders. The initiator may transmit a O2M Poll frame in a first sub-round. The O2M Poll frame may include updated operating parameters and may further indicate that the parameter update is for short-term, mid-term or long-term. The initiator may perform operating parameters update with each responder. If management parameters are updated, the update will take effect from the Control phase of the second sub-round in the same block in which the update was indicated.
[0192] FIG. 19 illustrates an example parameter update in O2M ranging. The example shown in FIG. 19 involves an initiator and two responders. Sub-round 1 in each ranging round n is allocated to the initiator and responder 1, and sub-round 2 in each ranging round n is allocated to the initiator and responder 2.
[0193] During a control phase of sub-round 1 in ranging round n of ranging block m, the initiator transmits a first O2M Poll frame to responder 1 and responder 2, the first O2M Poll frame indicating long-term update for ranging parameters. The first O2M Poll frame indicates updated operating parameters and that the parameter update is for long-term. The responder 1 then transmits an O2M Response frame in response to the O2M Poll frame. In a ranging phase of the sub-round 1, the initiator and the responder 1 transmit UWB packet (s) to the peer device using the updated ranging parameters. If a report phase is configured, the initiator and / or the responder 1 may transmit a ranging result to the peer device.
[0194] During a control phase of the sub-round 2 in the ranging round n of the ranging block m, the initiator transmits a second O2M Poll frame to the responder 2, the second O2M Poll frame indicating a start of the sub-round 2. Since the first O2M Poll frame has already indicated the update for the ranging parameters, the second O2M Poll frame may not indicate the update. Similarly, the responder 2 transmits an O2M Response frame to the initiator. During a ranging phase of the sub-round 2, the initiator and the responder 2 transmit UWB packet (s) to the peer device using the updated ranging parameters. If a report phase is configured, the initiator and / or the responder 2 may transmit a ranging result to the peer device.
[0195] Since the update is a long-term update, the responder 1 and responder 2 perform ranging measurement in subsequent sub-rounds using the updated ranging parameters.
[0196] In some cases, a ranging error may occur due to some events such as local interference event. The initiator and / or the responder may notify the ranging error to the peer device. In some embodiments, the initiator may further transmit the third management frame indicating the ranging error. Accordingly, the responder may receive the third management frame. Similarly, in some embodiments, the responder may further transmit the fourth management frame indicating the ranging error. Accordingly, the initiator may receive the fourth management frame.
[0197] If the update is successful for some responders but not for others, the initiator may repeat the parameter update in first O2M POLL frames in the next few ranging blocks but if the update is still not successful with some responders, they will be removed from the O2M ranging.
[0198] For ease of understanding, frame formats of different frames will be described below.
[0199] In some embodiments, the first frame may be a compact frame. A general format of a compact frame is illustrated in FIG. 20. The compact frame may include a Frame Type field, a Compact Frame ID field, an RPA Hash field, an RPA Prand field which may be optional, a Message Control field, a Message Content field, an FCS field or an MIC field.
[0200] The Frame Type field may be set to “b100” (i.e., 3 bits set as 100) representing a compact frame, and the Compact Frame ID field indicates a type of the compact frame. For example, the Compact Frame ID field is set as a value 3 for a O2O Poll frame, 8 for a O2M Poll frame, etc.
[0201] The RPA Hash field may carry RPA_hash which together with RPA_prand represents a private address of the initiator, and the RPA_hash is given by bits 0 to 23 of h (key=IdentityResolvingKey (IRK) , data=RPA_prand) , where h () is the AES-128 block cipher with an IRK and the initiator's RPA_prand as inputs.
[0202] The RPA Prand field is present in some compact frames (Advertising Poll frame, O2O Poll frame and O2M Poll frame) and carries the RPA_prand which is a 3-octers long random number generated by the initiator. The RPA Prand field is not present in other compact frames (Advertising Response frame, SOR frame, Response frame, O2O Report frame, O2M Report frame, etc. ) .
[0203] The Message Control field is set to different values to indicate different sub-types of the compact frame and dictates the interpretation of the Message Content field.
[0204] The Message Content field is a variable length field and its content format is determined by the Message Control field value and the Compact Frame ID field value.
[0205] The last field carries either an FCS field set as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for an unsecured compact frame, or a MIC field for a secured frame.
[0206] FIG. 21 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Poll frame. The Message Content field may include a Poll Control field, a Presence Bitmap field, a NB Channel Map field which may be optional, a Management PHY Configuration field which may be optional, a Management MAC Configuration field which may be optional, a Ranging PHY Configuration field which may be optional, a Ranging MAC Configuration field which may be optional, a Block Index field which may be optional, and a Round Index field which may be optional.
[0207] The Poll Control field may have different formats:
[0208] Format 1: the Poll Control field includes a single bit to indicate long-term update of all parameters.
[0209] Format 2: the Poll Control field includes 3 bits to indicate long-term update of different parameters.
[0210] The Poll Control field per format 1 is shown in FIG. 22. The Poll Control field includes a Request Bitmap field, a Long Term Parameters Update field, and other bits that are reserved. The Long Term Parameters Update field, when set to 1, indicates that the operating parameters fields (e.g., NB Channel Map, Management PHY Configuration, Management MAC Configuration, Ranging PHY Configuration, and Ranging MAC Configuration fields) carried in the Poll frame are meant for long-term update. Otherwise, the Long Term Parameters Update field, when set to 0, indicates that the operating parameters fields (e.g., NB Channel Map, Management PHY Configuration, Management MAC Configuration, Ranging PHY Configuration, Ranging MAC Configuration fields) carried in the Poll frame are meant for short-term update.
[0211] The Poll Control field per format 2 is shown in FIG. 23. As shown in FIG. 23, the Poll Control field includes a Request Bitmap field and a Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field. The Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field indicates whether the operating parameters carried in the frame are meant for long-term update or short-term update.
[0212] FIG. 24 illustrates an example Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field. As shown in FIG. 24, the Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field may include a NB Channel Map Long Term update field, and the NB Channel Map Long Term update field, when set to 1, indicates that the NB Channel Map field when present in the frame is meant for long-term update. Otherwise, the NB Channel Map Long Term update field, when set to 0, indicates that the NB Channel Map field when present in the frame is meant for short term update.
[0213] The Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field may further include a Management Configuration Long Term update field, and the Management Configuration Long Term update field, when set to 1, indicates that the Management PHY Configuration field and the Management MAC Configuration field when present in the frame are meant for long-term update. Otherwise, the Management Configuration Long Term update field, when set to 0, indicates that the Management PHY Configuration field and the Management MAC Configuration field when present in the frame are meant for short-term update.
[0214] The Long Term Parameters Update Bitmap field may further include a Ranging Configuration Long Term update field, and the Ranging Configuration Long Term update field, when set to 1, indicates that the Ranging PHY Configuration field and the Ranging MAC Configuration field when present in the frame are meant for long-term update. Otherwise, the Ranging Configuration Long Term update field, when set to 0, indicates that the Ranging PHY Configuration field and the Ranging MAC Configuration field when present in the frame are meant for short-term update.
[0215] FIG. 25 illustrates an example Request Bitmap field in both format 1 and format 2. The Request Bitmap field indicates field (s) that the initiator requests the responder to include in the Response Compact frame (s) . The Request Bitmap field may include a NB Channel Map Requested field indicating that the NB Channel Map is requested, a Management PHY Configuration Requested field indicating Management PHY Configuration is requested, a Management MAC Configuration Requested field indicating Management MAC Configuration is requested, a Ranging PHY Configuration Requested field indicating Ranging PHY Configuration is requested, and a Ranging MAC Configuration Requested field indicating Ranging MAC Configuration is requested.
[0216] The Presence Bitmap field indicates the presence / absence of the optional fields.
[0217] The NB Channel Map field is used to communicate NB channels that are allowed to be used between initiators and responders.
[0218] The Management PHY Configuration field indicates the configuration of the PHY used for control, i.e., either the NB PHY or the UWB PHY.
[0219] The Management MAC Configuration field is used to configure Ranging blocks as illustrated in FIG. 9.
[0220] The Ranging PHY Configuration field indicates the configuration of the PHY used for ranging, i.e., the UWB PHY.
[0221] The Ranging MAC Configuration field indicates the configuration of the MAC aspects of the ranging PHY, i.e., the UWB PHY.
[0222] The Block Index field indicates an index of the current ranging block.
[0223] The Round Index field indicates an index of the current ranging round.
[0224] FIG. 26 illustrates another example of the Message Content field of the O2O Poll frame. The Message Content field of the O2O Poll frame shown in FIG. 26 is similar to that in FIG. 21. The key difference is that in the example shown in FIG. 26, the Message Content field of the O2O Poll frame may indicate different types of the update including the mid-term update. For example, the O2O Poll frame may include a field indicating that the updated operating parameters are meant for long-term, mid-term, or short-term.
[0225] In addition, the Message Content field shown in FIG. 26 may further include a Mid-term Updates Validity Period field and an Update Start Block Index field. The Mid-term Updates Validity Period field, if present, indicates the number of ranging blocks for which the updated operating parameters are valid. If the Update Start Block Index field is present in the Message Content field, the updated parameter takes effect in the ranging block indicated by the Update Start Block Index field, else the updated parameter takes effect in the next ranging block. The Update Start Block Index field indicates the index of the ranging block in which the updated parameter first takes effect. The parameters will revert to the original long-term values at the ranging block that occurs after a number of ranging blocks indicated by the Mid-term Updates Validity Period field. The meaning of rest of the fields are the same as explained earlier.
[0226] FIG. 27 illustrates a Poll Control field of the Message Content field shown in FIG. 26. The Poll Control field includes a Request Bitmap field, a Parameters Update field, while other bits are reserved.
[0227] Table 1 illustrates an encoding of the Parameters Update field shown in FIG. 27. The Parameters Update field indicates the type of the update. For example, the Parameters Update field indicates whether the operating parameters carried in the frame are meant for long-term update, mid-term update or short-term update. The Mid-term Updates Validity Period field is present in the Poll frame if the Parameters Update field indicates Mid-term Update.Table 1 -Encoding of Parameters Update field
[0228] Alternatively, the presence of the Mid-term Updates Validity Period field in the Message Content field may be taken as an implicit indication that the update is for mid-term.
[0229] An example format of the O2M Poll frame will be described below. The general format of the O2M Poll frame is similar to the general format of the compact frame illustrated in FIG. 20. The Compact Frame ID field of the O2M Poll frame may be set as a value 3 for a O2O Poll frame. FIG. 28 illustrates a Message Content field of an O2M Poll frame. The Message Content field includes a Number of Responders field, a Slots per Responder field, a Poll Control field, a Presence Bitmap field, a Block Index field, a Round Index field, and a Responder Detail List field.
[0230] The Number of Responders field may be set to the number of responders selected to participate in the O2M ranging phase minus one.
[0231] The Slots Per Responder field may be set to the number of ranging slots for each sub-round minus one.
[0232] The encodings and meanings of the Poll Control field, the Presence Bitmap field, the Block Index field and the Round Index field are the same as described earlier for the O2O Poll frame and apply to all the responders engaged in the O2M ranging.
[0233] The Responder Detail List field indicates a list of Responder Detail elements, each formatted as shown in FIG. 29. The number of Responder Detail elements in the Responder Detail List field is determined by the Number of Responders field value.
[0234] The Responder Detail List field may include a Responder Address field, a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field and a Status field. The Responder Address field identifies a responder participating in the current one-to-many ranging. The Responder Address field value may contain an eligible responder’s RPA hash generated using the initiator’s RPA_prand in the one-to-many Poll frame along with the responder’s IRK.
[0235] The encodings and meanings of the fields in the Responder Detail List field used to carry the operating parameters (NB Channel Map, Management PHY Configuration, Management MAC Configuration, Ranging PHY Configuration, Ranging MAC Configuration fields) are identical to those explained earlier for the O2O Poll frame, except that the parameters are specific to the responder identified in the Responder Address field. The Status field carries various status related to the MMS ranging as shown in Table 2.
[0236] An example format of the Response Compact frame will be described below. The general format of the Response Compact frame is similar to the general format of a compact frame that is illustrated in FIG. 20 except that the Compact Frame ID field is set to a different value (e.g., 4 for one-to-one Response Compact frame, or 9 for one-to-many Response Compact frame) and the RPA Prand field is not present. The RPA Hash field carries the RPA_hash which together with the RPA_prand carried in the Poll frame represents the private address of the responder and the RPA_hash is computed using the responder’s IRK and the RPA_prand carried in the Poll frame.
[0237] FIG. 30 illustrates an example Message Content field of an O2O Response Compact frame. As shown in FIG. 30, the Message Content field may include a Present Bitmap field, a NB Channel Map field, a Management PHY Configuration field, a Management MAC Configuration field, a Ranging PHY Configuration field, a Ranging MAC Configuration field, a Zero Padding field and a Status field.
[0238] The encodings and meanings of the fields in the Message Content field used to carry the operating parameters (e.g., NB Channel Map, Management PHY Configuration, Management MAC Configuration, Ranging PHY Configuration, Ranging MAC Configuration fields) are identical to those explained earlier for the O2O Poll frame, except that when included in the Response frame, the field indicates the updated parameters requested by the responder in the next ranging round.
[0239] The Zero Padding field may be present when the size of the Message Content field without the Zero Padding field is less than five octets. The Zero Padding field, when present, may consist of one, two or three octets with a value of zero where the number of padding octets are determined such that the Message Content field has a size of five octets.
[0240] The Status field carries various status related to the MMS ranging as shown in Table 2. For example, value 5 represents RANGING_ERROR and is used to indicate an error in ranging measurements. Value 6 represents LTP_ACK and is used as acknowledgment or confirmation of long-term parameters update while value 7 represents LTP_NAK and is used to indicates failure of long-term parameters update. Table 2-Values of Status field
[0241] An example format of a Report Compact frame will be described below. The general format of a Report Compact frame is similar to the general format of a compact frame that is illustrated in FIG. 20, except that the Compact Frame ID field is set to a different value (e. g. 5 for one-to-one Initiator Report, or 11 for one-to-many Initiator Report, or 6 for one-to-one Responder Report, or 10 for one-to-many Responder Report) and the RPA Prand field is not present.
[0242] A Message Content field of an O2O Initiator Report Compact frame is illustrated in FIG. 31. As shown in FIG. 31, the Message Content field may include a Round-trip Time field and a Passthrough field. When the frame is a secure Report frame, the FCS field is replaced with a MIC field and the Passthrough field is encrypted or authenticated.
[0243] The Round-trip Time field value is an unsigned integer that reports the time difference, measured at the initiator, between the RMARKERs of the initiator’s MMS fragments and the responder’s MMS fragments.
[0244] A Message Content field of an O2O Responder Report Compact frame is illustrated in FIG. 32. As shown in FIG. 32, the Message Content field may include a Reply Time field and a Passthrough field.
[0245] The Reply Time field value is an unsigned integer reporting the time difference, measured at the responder, between the RMARKERs of the MMS fragments received from the initiator and the MMS fragments transmitted by the responder.
[0246] Although not shown in FIG. 32, the Message Content field of the responder’s Report frame may also carry fields related to operating parameters (e.g., NB Channel Map, Management PHY Configuration, Management MAC Configuration, Ranging PHY Configuration, Ranging MAC Configuration fields) and the encodings and meanings of the fields are identical to those explained earlier for the O2O Poll frame, except that when included in the Responder’s Report frame, the fields represent the updated parameters requested by the responder in the next ranging round.
[0247] Some values of the Round-trip Time field or the Reply Time field may be reserved to indicate ranging measurement error, or LTP_ACK or LTP_NAK as shown in Table 3.Table 3-Encoding of Round-Trip time and Reply-Time field
[0248] Alternatively, the Message Control field of the Report frame may also carry the Status field to signal ranging measurement error, or LTP_ACK or LTP_NAK.
[0249] An example format of a Status Compact frame will be described below. The general format of a Status Compact frame is similar to the general format of a compact frame that is illustrated in FIG. 20, except that the Compact Frame ID field is set to a different value (e.g., 21) and the RPA Prand field is not present.
[0250] FIG. 33 illustrates an example Message Content field of a Status Compact frame. A Message Content field of the Status Compact frame include a Status field. The Status field carries various status related to the MMS ranging as shown in Table 2 that has been described above.
[0251] FIG. 34 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0252] As shown in FIG. 34, a communication apparatus 3400 may be applied to a first device, and may include: a processing module 3401, configured to determine an update, wherein the update comprises changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds; and a transceiving module 3402, configured to transmit to one or more second devices, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating the update.
[0253] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.
[0254] In a possible implementation, the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.
[0255] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises at least one of: a field indicating a type of the update; or a field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.
[0256] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise at least one of the following: one or more updated ranging parameters; or one or more updated management parameters.
[0257] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to: transmit a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; and / or receive a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.
[0258] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated management parameters, and the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to: transmit a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; and / or receive a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.
[0259] In a possible implementation, the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to transmit a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; and / or receive a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.
[0260] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 3400 may be applied to a second device, and may include: a transceiving module 3402, configured to receive, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating an update, wherein the update comprises changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds; and a processing module 3401, configured to control the transceiving module 3402 to receive the first frame.
[0261] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.
[0262] In a possible implementation, the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.
[0263] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises at least one of: a field indicating a type of the update; or a field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.
[0264] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise at least one of the following: one or more updated ranging parameters; or one or more updated management parameters.
[0265] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to receive a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; and / or transmitting a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.
[0266] In a possible implementation, the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated management parameters, and the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to: receive a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; and / or transmit a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.
[0267] In a possible implementation, the transceiving module 3402 is further configured to: receive a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; or transmit a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.
[0268] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the responder in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0269] FIG. 35 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 35, the communication apparatus 3500 may include: a processor 3501 coupled with a memory 3502 in a communicative way via an interface 3503; where the memory 3502 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 3501 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 3502 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the AMP reader or the carrier source. It should be noted that, the memory 3502 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus, depending on actual needs.
[0270] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0271] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0272] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0273] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0274] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0275] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0276] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0277] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0278] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0279] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0280] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0281] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0282] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0283] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0284] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0285] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0286] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0287] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0288] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0289] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0290] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0291] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0292] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0293] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0294] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0295] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method performed at a first device, the method comprising:determining an update, wherein the update comprises changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds; andtransmitting to one or more second devices, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating the update.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first frame comprises at least one of:a field indicating a type of the update; ora field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise at least one of:one or more updated ranging parameters; orone or more updated management parameters.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the method further comprises at least one of:transmitting a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; orreceiving a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.7.The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated management parameters, and the method further comprises at least one of:transmitting a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; orreceiving a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising at least one of:transmitting a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; orreceiving a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.9.A communication method performed at a second device, the method comprising:receiving, in a first ranging round, a first frame indicating an update, wherein the update comprises changing one or more parameters to one or more updated parameters, and the one or more updated parameters are used for ranging in a plurality of ranging rounds.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating the one or more updated parameters.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the plurality of ranging rounds start from the first ranging round, or the plurality of ranging rounds start after the first ranging round.12.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the first frame comprises at least one of:a field indicating a type of the update; ora field indicating a quantity of the plurality of ranging rounds.13.The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise at least one of:one or more updated ranging parameters; orone or more updated management parameters.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated ranging parameters, and the method further comprises at least one of:receiving a first ultra-wideband (UWB) packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters; ortransmitting a second UWB packet using the one or more updated ranging parameters.15.The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more updated parameters comprise the one or more updated management parameters, and the method further comprises at least one of:receiving a first management frame using the one or more updated management parameters; ortransmitting a second management frame using the one or more updated management parameters.16.The method of any one of claims 9 to 15, further comprising at least one of:receiving a third management frame indicating an acknowledgment of the update, a failure of the update, or a ranging error; ortransmitting a fourth management frame indicating the acknowledgment of the update, the failure of the update, or the ranging error.17.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.18.A device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.19.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.20.A communication device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the communication device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.21.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 9 to 16.22.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.23.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 when executed on a computer or a processor.