Battery management system, networking method, and power battery

Abstract

The present application discloses a battery management system, a networking method, and a power battery. The battery management system comprises a master node and multiple slave nodes. Wireless communication is performed between the master node and each slave node; each slave node monitors a communication state of the current channel in real time, and sends a monitoring result to the master node; the master node receives and parses the monitoring result, and determines whether the communication state of the current channel satisfies a preset communication condition; when the communication state of the current channel does not satisfy the preset communication condition, the master node acquires multiple available channels satisfying the preset communication condition, determines a target channel having an optimal communication state from among the multiple available channels on the basis of a preset channel selection criterion, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to each slave node; and upon receiving the channel switching signal and the re-networking signal, each slave node performs re-networking with the master node by means of the target channel. The present application allows for timely and effective network reconfiguration, thereby avoiding failure of the battery management system, and improving the communication stability of the battery management system.

Description

A battery management system, networking method and power battery

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202411991599.X, filed on December 30, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of power battery technology, and in particular to a battery management system, a networking method, and a power battery. Background Technology

[0004] In the battery safety and performance management of new energy vehicles, the BMS (Battery Management System) plays a crucial role. The main function of the BMS is to collect battery operating condition information and manage battery health.

[0005] Traditional battery management systems (BMS) use data acquisition devices on each individual battery cell, connected to the control unit via cables. While offering high stability, this approach is complex and costly due to its wiring. With the development of wireless communication technology, wireless battery management systems (WBMS) have emerged. In a WBMS architecture, the data acquisition devices on each battery cell are connected in series via wireless communication, eliminating the need for wiring harnesses. This not only saves on wiring costs but also reduces vehicle weight, making it a promising technology with broad application prospects.

[0006] However, in practical applications, WBMS is susceptible to electromagnetic interference, environmental factors, and the influence of other wireless devices, leading to a decline in communication channel quality and even network outages. Current WBMS technology lacks monitoring of communication quality and an effective dynamic channel switching mechanism. This makes WBMS prone to prolonged network outages or even complete disconnections when the channel is interfered with or has poor communication quality. In such cases, the inability to promptly and effectively reassemble the network can cause the BMS system to fail, thereby jeopardizing the normal operation and safety of the vehicle.

[0007] Application content

[0008] This application provides a battery management system, a networking method, and a power battery, aiming to solve the problem that current WBMS technology lacks monitoring of communication quality and an effective dynamic channel switching mechanism. WBMS is prone to long-term network dropout or even network outage when the channel is interfered with or the channel communication quality is poor. It can reorganize the network in a timely and effective manner, avoid BMS system failure, and improve the communication stability of the battery management system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a battery management system, which includes a master node and multiple slave nodes, wherein the master node and each of the slave nodes communicate wirelessly.

[0010] The slave node monitors the current communication status of the channel in real time and sends the monitoring results to the master node;

[0011] The master node receives and parses the monitoring results, and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions.

[0012] When the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the master node acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels according to the preset channel selection criteria, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node.

[0013] After receiving the channel switching signal and the reconnection signal, the slave node reconnects with the master node through the target channel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the slave node includes a slave communication unit and a data acquisition unit; the slave node monitors the communication status of the current channel in real time through the data acquisition unit to generate the monitoring result, and sends the monitoring result to the master communication unit through the slave communication unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the master node includes a master communication unit and a master control unit; the master communication unit receives the monitoring results and sends the monitoring results to the master control unit;

[0016] The main control unit parses the monitoring results and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions;

[0017] When the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the main control unit acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions; and determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels according to the index corresponding to the preset channel selection criteria.

[0018] The main control unit controls the main communication unit to switch the current channel to the target channel and broadcasts the channel switching signal and re-networking signal to the slave node.

[0019] In some embodiments, the main communication unit is communicatively connected to the main control unit, the acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the slave communication unit, and the main communication unit and the slave control unit are interconnected via a wireless communication protocol.

[0020] In some embodiments, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to broadcast the channel switching signal to the slave node, the channel switching signal including a preset time window;

[0021] After receiving the channel switching signal, the slave node switches the current channel to the target channel within the preset time window;

[0022] Based on the target channel, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to broadcast a re-networking signal to the slave node.

[0023] In some embodiments, the master control unit detects whether each of the slave nodes has successfully switched to the target channel;

[0024] If unsuccessful, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to switch to any of the remaining available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node based on the available channel to which it has switched.

[0025] In some embodiments, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to send test data packets to each of the slave nodes based on the target channel;

[0026] After receiving the test data packet, the slave node returns a response result;

[0027] The main communication unit receives the response result and sends the response result to the main control unit;

[0028] The main control unit parses the response result and determines whether the actual communication status of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions.

[0029] If the actual communication status of the target channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the main control unit controls the main communication unit to switch to any of the remaining available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node based on the available channel to which it has switched.

[0030] In some embodiments, the preset channel screening criteria include at least one of signal strength and data packet loss rate;

[0031] The main control unit evaluates the multiple available channels according to the preset channel filtering criteria to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to the multiple available channels; and determines the target channel from the multiple available channels based on the evaluation values.

[0032] In some embodiments, the main control unit determines an evaluation function with the highest signal strength and the lowest data packet loss rate as evaluation targets; and evaluates multiple available channels based on the evaluation function to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to multiple available channels.

[0033] In some embodiments, the preset channel screening criteria include device interference rate and / or channel interference rate. The main control unit obtains the device occupancy rate corresponding to each available channel and determines the device interference rate of each available channel based on the device occupancy rate.

[0034] And / or, the main control unit obtains the corresponding spectral distance between each available channel and the used channel, and determines the channel interference rate of each available channel based on the spectral distance;

[0035] The main control unit determines the target channel from among the multiple available channels based on the device interference rate and / or the channel interference rate.

[0036] This application also proposes a networking method, the networking method comprising:

[0037] Step S1: Receive and parse the monitoring results of the current channel, and determine whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions;

[0038] Step S2: If the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, obtain multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determine the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels, and continue to execute step S3; if the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions, return to step S1.

[0039] Step S3: Re-network based on the optimal target channel.

[0040] In some embodiments, the re-networking based on the optimal target channel includes:

[0041] According to the current channel, a channel switching signal is broadcast to each of the slave nodes, wherein the channel switching signal includes a preset time window;

[0042] The current channel is switched to the target channel, and after the preset time window ends, a re-networking signal is broadcast to each of the slave nodes according to the target channel.

[0043] In some embodiments, after the renetworking based on the optimal target channel, the method further includes:

[0044] Test data packets are sent to each of the slave nodes based on the target channel;

[0045] Receive the response results returned by each of the slave nodes based on the test data packet;

[0046] Analyze the response result to determine whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions;

[0047] If the conditions are met, the target channel is determined as the current channel, and the process returns to step S1.

[0048] In some embodiments, after determining whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions, the method further includes:

[0049] If the conditions are not met, the system will switch to any of the remaining available channels and reconfigure the network based on the switched available channel.

[0050] This application also proposes a power battery, including a battery module and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is used to monitor and manage the state of the battery module, and the battery management system is the battery management system disclosed above.

[0051] This application provides a battery management system, a networking method, and a power battery. This application monitors the communication status of the current channel in real time. If the communication status of the current channel does not meet preset communication conditions, it acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determines the target channel with the optimal communication status from among the multiple available channels, and switches to that target channel to re-network. This enables timely and effective network reconfiguration, avoids battery management system failure, and improves the communication stability of the battery management system. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another battery management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a networking method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the reconfiguration network of a wireless BMS system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the channel switching process of a wireless BMS system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0059] It should also be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present.

[0060] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0061] Referring to Figure 1, a battery management system is proposed in the second embodiment of this application. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system provided in the first embodiment of this application.

[0062] In this embodiment, the battery management system includes a master node 1 and multiple slave nodes 2, and the master node 1 communicates wirelessly with each of the slave nodes 2.

[0063] The aforementioned battery management system is a wireless BMS system. The wireless BMS system consists of multiple wireless nodes distributed across the battery modules. These nodes are interconnected via wireless communication protocols (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other wireless communication methods) to form a distributed network. The battery management system includes a master node 1 and multiple slave nodes 2. The master node 1 is responsible for overall network management and data aggregation, while the slave nodes 2 are responsible for data acquisition and status monitoring of their respective battery modules. When the wireless BMS system starts up, the master node 1 sends a network establishment signal, and each slave node 2 responds to the signal and establishes a communication connection with the master node 1, forming the initial topology of the wireless BMS network.

[0064] Specifically, the wireless BMS system is used to monitor and manage the status of the battery modules. The wireless BMS system consists of one master node 1 and multiple slave nodes 2. All slave nodes 2 connect to the master node 1 via a wireless communication protocol, forming a wireless BMS network. After the vehicle starts, the master node 1 begins broadcasting a network formation signal. Upon receiving this signal, the slave nodes 2 respond and attempt to establish a connection with the master node 1. Successfully connected nodes sequentially form the network topology, completing the initial network setup. During the initial network setup, the wireless BMS system uses a preset channel for communication by default. However, due to the complex environment during vehicle operation, this preset channel may be subject to interference, leading to unstable communication quality.

[0065] Slave node 2 monitors the current channel's communication status in real time and sends the monitoring results to master node 1. Master node 1 receives and parses the monitoring results and determines whether the current channel's communication status meets preset communication conditions. If the current channel's communication status does not meet the preset communication conditions, master node 1 obtains multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions and determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels according to preset channel selection criteria. It then broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to slave node 2. After receiving the channel switching signal and the re-networking signal, slave node 2 re-networks with master node 1 through the target channel.

[0066] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, the master node 1 includes a master communication unit 11 and a master control unit 12; the slave node 2 includes a slave communication unit 21 and a data acquisition unit 22. The master node 1 is a master control board, the master communication unit 11 is a master control wireless communication chip, and the master control unit 12 is a master control MCU chip. The slave node 2 is a slave control board, the slave communication unit 21 is a slave control wireless communication chip, and the data acquisition unit 22 is a slave control data acquisition chip. The master communication unit 11 and the master control unit 12 are connected via communication, and the data acquisition unit 22 and the slave communication unit 21 are connected via communication. The master communication unit 11 and the master control unit are interconnected via a wireless communication protocol (such as Bluetooth, WIFI, or other wireless communication methods) to form a distributed network.

[0067] The acquisition unit 22 is responsible for data acquisition and status monitoring of its respective battery module. Slave node 2 monitors the communication status of the current channel in real time through acquisition unit 22 and sends the monitoring results to master communication unit 11 through slave communication unit 21. Master communication unit 11 receives the monitoring results and sends them to master control unit 12. Master control unit 12 analyzes the monitoring results and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets preset communication conditions. If the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, master control unit 12 acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions. Based on the indicators corresponding to the preset channel selection criteria, it determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels. Master control unit 12 controls master communication unit 11 to switch the current channel to the target channel and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to slave communication unit 21 of slave node 2. After receiving the channel switching signal, slave communication unit 21 switches the channel to the target channel and, upon receiving the re-networking signal, establishes a connection with master communication unit 11 of master node 1, forming a new wireless BMS network.

[0068] In some embodiments, the master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to broadcast a channel switching signal to the slave node 2. The channel switching signal includes a preset time window. After receiving the channel switching signal, the slave node 2 switches the current channel to the target channel within the preset time window. Based on the target channel, the master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to broadcast a re-networking signal to the slave node 2.

[0069] By using a preset time window, it can be ensured that all slave nodes 2 switch to the target channel synchronously. Master node 1, through master control unit 12, controls master communication unit 11 to broadcast a channel switching signal containing the preset time window to slave nodes 2, notifying all slave nodes 2 that a channel switch is imminent and ensuring that all nodes switch to the target channel synchronously to avoid communication loss. After all nodes have synchronously switched to the target channel, master node 1, through master control unit 12, controls master communication unit 11 to re-transmit the network connection signal on the target channel. Slave communication units 21 of slave nodes 2 respond and re-establish the communication connection.

[0070] In some embodiments, the master control unit 12 detects whether each slave node 2 has successfully switched to the target channel; if not, the master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to switch to any of the remaining available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node 2 based on the available channel to which it has switched.

[0071] After channel switching, it can be determined whether each slave node 2 has successfully switched to the target channel by checking whether each slave node 2 has established a connection with the master node 1. If there is a slave node 2 that has not established a connection with the master node 1, it is determined that a slave node 2 has not successfully switched to the target channel. The master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to switch to any of the other available channels and broadcasts the channel switching signal and re-network signal to the slave node 2 based on the available channel switched to. After each node synchronously switches to the new available channel, the master node 1 controls the master communication unit 11 through the master control unit 12 to re-send the re-network signal on the new available channel. After the slave communication unit 21 of the slave node 2 responds, it re-establishes the communication connection and completes the network reorganization.

[0072] In some embodiments, the master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to send test data packets to each slave node 2 based on the target channel; after receiving the test data packets, the slave node 2 returns a response result; the master communication unit 11 receives the response result and sends the response result to the master control unit 12; the master control unit 12 parses the response result and determines whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions; if the actual communication state of the target channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the master control unit 12 controls the master communication unit 11 to switch to any of the other available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node 2 based on the switched available channel.

[0073] After the channel is switched, the system sends test data packets to confirm whether the actual communication status on the target channel meets the expectations. If the actual communication status of the target channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, other available channels can be tried or the channel can be rescanned.

[0074] After network reconfiguration is completed, the system continues to monitor the communication status of the new channel. If channel quality degradation or new interference is detected again during subsequent communication, the channel handover and network reconfiguration process will be repeated.

[0075] In some embodiments, the preset channel selection criteria include at least one of signal strength and data packet loss rate; the main control unit 12 evaluates multiple available channels according to the preset channel selection criteria to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to multiple available channels; and determines the target channel among multiple available channels based on the evaluation values.

[0076] Preset channel selection criteria include communication quality. Monitoring metrics for communication quality include signal strength index (RSSI) and packet loss rate (PER). The wireless BMS network dynamically adjusts its communication strategy based on this real-time data.

[0077] Signal Strength Index (RSSI): Represents the signal power received by a wireless node. An RSSI threshold (e.g., -80 dBm) is set; when the RSSI falls below this threshold, it indicates that the signal may be subject to interference or severe attenuation. Packet Loss Rate (PER): Represents the proportion of data packets lost during data transmission over a period of time. A high packet loss rate signifies decreased communication reliability. This monitoring data is obtained through data packets periodically exchanged between wireless nodes.

[0078] When a wireless node detects that the current channel's communication status does not meet preset communication conditions—for example, the communication quality does not meet preset thresholds (e.g., RSSI is too low or PER is too high)—or a significant communication interruption occurs, the wireless BMS system triggers a network drop detection mechanism. At this point, the wireless BMS system determines that the current channel is no longer suitable for continued use and requires channel switching to maintain communication stability. After triggering the channel switching mechanism, the wireless BMS system immediately enters channel scanning mode. The wireless node uses spectrum scanning technology to scan available channels in the current environment, identifying the channel with the least interference and the best signal quality.

[0079] In some embodiments, the main control unit 12 determines an evaluation function with the highest signal strength and lowest data packet loss rate as the evaluation target; and evaluates multiple available channels based on the evaluation function to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to multiple available channels.

[0080] The evaluation function can be an integral function, with signal strength and data packet loss rate as integral terms, and corresponding weights can be set. The evaluation function calculates an evaluation value for each available channel; a higher evaluation value indicates a stronger signal and a lower data packet loss rate for the available channel.

[0081] In some embodiments, the preset channel selection criteria include device interference rate and / or channel interference rate. The main control unit 12 obtains the device occupancy rate corresponding to each available channel and determines the device interference rate of each available channel based on the device occupancy rate. And / or, the main control unit 12 obtains the spectral distance between each available channel and the used channel and determines the channel interference rate of each available channel based on the spectral distance. The main control unit 12 determines the target channel among multiple available channels based on the device interference rate and / or channel interference rate.

[0082] When the wireless BMS system initiates the channel switching procedure, each wireless node enters channel scanning mode to scan for available wireless channels in the vicinity. The wireless BMS evaluates the channel interference rate of each channel through the main control unit 12, including but not limited to the following aspects: Channel utilization: Detecting whether other devices are using the current channel and selecting the channel with less interference (lowest device occupancy rate). Neighboring channel interference: Avoiding channels too close to interference sources and prioritizing channels with sufficient spectral distance from other used channels (lower channel interference rate). After scanning, the system finds a channel with the least interference (lowest device interference rate and / or lowest channel interference rate), and therefore decides to designate this channel as the target channel. Alternatively, the channel with the best signal quality and least interference can also be selected as the target channel.

[0083] In some embodiments, the networking strategy of the battery management system in this application is as follows:

[0084] System Architecture and Initial Networking: The wireless BMS system consists of multiple wireless nodes distributed across the battery modules. These nodes are interconnected via a wireless communication protocol, forming a distributed network. The system includes a master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node is responsible for overall network management and data aggregation, while the slave nodes are responsible for data acquisition and status monitoring of their respective battery modules. Upon system startup, the master node sends a networking signal, and each slave node responds and establishes a communication connection with the master node, forming the initial topology of the wireless BMS network.

[0085] Channel quality monitoring: During network operation, each wireless node needs to continuously monitor the communication quality of the current channel. These monitoring metrics include RSSI (Resonance Signal Strength Index) and PER (Packet Loss Rate). The system dynamically adjusts its communication strategy based on this real-time data.

[0086] Network drop detection and channel switching triggering: When a wireless node detects that the communication quality of the current channel does not meet a preset threshold (e.g., RSSI is too low or PER is too high), or a significant communication interruption occurs, the system will trigger the network drop detection mechanism. At this time, the system determines that the current channel is no longer suitable for continued use and channel switching is required to maintain communication stability.

[0087] Channel Scanning and Selection: After the channel switching mechanism is triggered, the system immediately enters channel scanning mode. Wireless nodes use spectrum scanning technology to scan available channels in the current environment and identify the channel with the least interference and the best signal quality.

[0088] Dynamic channel handover: Once a new channel is selected, the system will perform dynamic channel handover. The channel handover process includes the following steps:

[0089] (1) Notification and synchronization: The master node notifies all slave nodes that a channel switch is about to take place and ensures that all wireless nodes switch to the new channel synchronously to avoid communication loss.

[0090] (2) Switching execution: Each wireless node switches to the new channel synchronously, the master node re-sends the networking signal on the new channel, and the slave nodes re-establish the communication connection after responding.

[0091] (3) Status confirmation: After the channel is switched, the system sends a test data packet to confirm whether the communication quality on the new channel meets the expectations. If the switch fails, other channels can be tried or the system can be rescanned.

[0092] (4) During the handover process, the system ensures that communication is not interrupted and completes the handover in the shortest possible time to maintain the continuity and stability of the network.

[0093] Network Reconfiguration: After a successful channel handover, the wireless BMS system re-establishes communication connections on the new channel, completing network reconfiguration. This process is similar to initial network setup, but because the channel handover is transparent to the entire system, the reconfiguration process is faster and more efficient. The system reallocates the network topology on the new channel to ensure normal communication for all nodes.

[0094] Continuous monitoring and optimization: After network reconfiguration is completed, the system continues to monitor the communication quality of the new channel. If a further degradation in channel quality or the occurrence of new interference is detected during subsequent communication, the system will repeat the above steps to perform further channel switching and network reconfiguration.

[0095] In one specific embodiment, taking the power battery of an electric vehicle as an example, a wireless BMS system is used to monitor and manage the status of the battery module in an electric vehicle.

[0096] System Overview: The wireless BMS system consists of a master node (central management unit) and multiple slave nodes (wireless management units distributed across different battery modules). All slave nodes connect to the master node via a wireless communication protocol, forming a wireless BMS network.

[0097] Initial Network Setup: After the vehicle starts, the master node broadcasts a network setup signal. Slave nodes receive this signal, respond, and attempt to establish a connection with the master node. Successfully connected nodes sequentially form the network topology, completing the initial network setup. During the initial network setup process, the system uses a preset channel (e.g., channel one) for communication by default. However, due to the complex environment during vehicle operation, channel one may be subject to interference, leading to unstable communication quality.

[0098] Channel Quality Monitoring: During communication, each node monitors the current channel quality in real time, primarily including the following parameters: Signal Strength Index (RSSI): Represents the signal power received by the node. An RSSI threshold is set (e.g., -80dBm). When the RSSI falls below this threshold, it indicates that the signal may be subject to interference or severe attenuation. Packet Loss Rate (PER): Represents the proportion of data packets lost during data transmission over a period of time. A high packet loss rate signifies decreased communication reliability. This monitoring data is acquired through periodically transmitted data packets between nodes and recorded and analyzed by the system in real time.

[0099] Network drop risk detection: Suppose that during vehicle operation, due to external environmental interference or the influence of other wireless devices, the communication quality of channel 1 significantly degrades. The system detects the following: RSSI remains below the threshold (e.g., -80dBm), and the packet loss rate (PER) exceeds the threshold (e.g., 10%). At this point, the system determines that the current channel quality is below the requirements for normal communication, indicating a risk of network drop, and thus triggers the network drop detection mechanism.

[0100] Channel Scanning and Selection: The system initiates the channel switching procedure, and each node enters channel scanning mode to scan for available wireless channels in the vicinity. The system evaluates the interference level and signal quality of each channel, including but not limited to the following aspects: Channel utilization: Detecting whether other devices are using the current channel and selecting the channel with the least interference. Neighboring channel interference: Avoiding selecting channels too close to interference sources and prioritizing channels with sufficient spectral distance from other used channels. After scanning, the system finds that a certain channel (such as channel three) has the best signal quality and the least interference, and therefore decides to switch to channel three.

[0101] Dynamic Channel Switching: The system notifies all nodes that a channel switch is imminent and requires all nodes to switch synchronously to Channel 3. The switching process is as follows: Master Node: The master node switches to Channel 3 first and begins broadcasting the network formation signal on the new channel. Slave Nodes: Upon receiving the notification from the master node, slave nodes switch to Channel 3 sequentially and respond to the master node's network formation signal. Synchronous Switching: All nodes must complete the switch within the predetermined time window to ensure uninterrupted communication.

[0102] Network Reconfiguration: After switching to channel three, the master node re-initiates the network reconfiguration request, and each slave node responds to the request and re-establishes communication connections, forming a new network topology. The entire reconfiguration process is completed quickly, and communication returns to normal. During the reconfiguration process, the system continuously monitors the communication quality of the new channel to ensure that the switched channel is stable and reliable. If a deterioration in the quality of the new channel is detected again, the system will repeat the above channel switching process.

[0103] Feedback and Optimization: After the reassembly is complete, the system continuously monitors the quality of Channel 3. If the quality of Channel 3 remains stable over a period of time, the system will use Channel 3 as the new default communication channel.

[0104] The battery management system in this embodiment can effectively solve the channel interference problem of wireless BMS systems in complex electromagnetic environments, significantly improving the system's communication stability and networking success rate. Specifically, it has the following advantages:

[0105] Strong anti-interference capability: Through dynamic channel switching, the system can automatically avoid channels with severe interference and maintain high communication stability.

[0106] High networking efficiency: The fast channel scanning and switching mechanism ensures that the system can efficiently reassemble the network even in complex environments, reducing communication interruption time.

[0107] Energy consumption optimization: By selecting a path with better channel quality for communication, power consumption is reduced and the battery system lifespan is improved.

[0108] Highly adaptable: It can dynamically adjust the channel switching strategy according to the actual application scenario, adapt to different wireless environments, and ensure the reliability of communication.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 3. Based on the same inventive concept, the second embodiment of this application proposes a networking method, including steps S1 to S3:

[0110] Step S1: Receive and parse the monitoring results of the current channel, and determine whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions.

[0111] Step S2: If the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, obtain multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determine the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels, and continue to execute step S3; if the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions, return to step S1.

[0112] Step S3: Reconfigure the network based on the optimal target channel.

[0113] In some embodiments, reconfiguring the network based on the optimal target channel includes:

[0114] According to the current channel, a channel switching signal is broadcast to each slave node, wherein the channel switching signal includes a preset time window;

[0115] Switch the current channel to the target channel, and after the preset time window ends, broadcast a re-networking signal to each slave node according to the target channel.

[0116] In some embodiments, after reconfiguring the network based on the optimal target channel, the following is also included:

[0117] Test data packets are sent to each slave node based on the target channel;

[0118] Receive the response results returned by each slave node based on the test data packet;

[0119] Analyze the response results to determine whether the actual communication status of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions;

[0120] If the conditions are met, the target channel is determined as the current channel, and the process returns to step S1.

[0121] In some embodiments, after determining whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions, the method further includes:

[0122] If the conditions are not met, the system will switch to any of the remaining available channels and reconfigure the network based on the switched available channel.

[0123] The technical features and effects of the networking method proposed in this application are the same as those of the battery management system proposed in this application, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the above-mentioned battery management system can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0124] Please refer to Figure 4. This application embodiment also proposes a method for reassembling a wireless BMS system, including steps S101 to S111:

[0125] Step S101: Begin.

[0126] Step S102: Monitor channel quality in real time.

[0127] Step S103: Determine whether the channel quality meets the threshold. If yes, proceed to step S104; otherwise, proceed to step S105.

[0128] Step S104: Continue to monitor channel quality in real time.

[0129] Step S105: Trigger channel switching.

[0130] Step S106: Scan for available channels.

[0131] Step S107: Select the channel with the best signal quality.

[0132] Step S108: Perform channel switching.

[0133] Step S109: Reconfigure the network.

[0134] Step S110: Continuously monitor channel quality.

[0135] Step S111, End.

[0136] Please refer to Figure 5. This application also proposes a channel switching method for a wireless BMS system, including steps S201 to S210:

[0137] Step S201: Begin.

[0138] Step S202: Trigger the channel switching mechanism.

[0139] Step S203: The master node notifies all slave nodes that a channel switch is about to take place.

[0140] Step S204: The master node retransmits the network formation signal on the new channel.

[0141] Step S205: The slave node responds to the master node's signal.

[0142] Step S206: The system sends a test data packet.

[0143] Step S207: Determine the communication quality of the new channel. If the communication quality does not meet the communication conditions, proceed to step S208. If the communication quality meets the communication conditions, proceed to step S209.

[0144] Step S208: Rescan and select the optimal channel again.

[0145] Step S209: Network reorganization.

[0146] Step S210: The system continuously monitors the channel quality.

[0147] Furthermore, the third embodiment of this application also proposes a power battery, including a battery module and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is used to monitor and manage the state of the battery module, and the battery management system is the battery management system disclosed above.

[0148] In summary, the battery management system, networking method, and power battery proposed in this application include a master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node and each slave node communicate wirelessly. Slave nodes monitor the communication status of the current channel in real time and send the monitoring results to the master node. The master node receives and parses the monitoring results and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets preset communication conditions. When the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the master node acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions and determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels according to preset channel selection criteria. It then broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave nodes. After receiving the channel switching signal and the re-networking signal, the slave nodes re-network with the master node through the target channel. This application can monitor the communication status of the current channel in real time. When it determines that the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, it acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determines the target channel with the optimal communication status from the multiple available channels, and switches to the target channel for re-networking. This enables timely and effective network reorganization, avoids battery management system failure, and improves the communication stability of the battery management system.

[0149] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. For directly identical or similar parts of the embodiments, refer to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the method embodiments are basically similar to the system embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; refer to the description of the method embodiments for relevant details. It should be noted that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0150] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, comprising a master node and multiple slave nodes, wherein, The master node communicates wirelessly with each of the slave nodes; The slave node monitors the current communication status of the channel in real time and sends the monitoring results to the master node; The master node receives and parses the monitoring results, and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions. When the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the master node acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determines the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels according to the preset channel selection criteria, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node. After receiving the channel switching signal and the reconnection signal, the slave node reconnects with the master node through the target channel.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the slave node includes a slave communication unit and a data acquisition unit; wherein, The slave node monitors the communication status of the current channel in real time through the acquisition unit, generates the monitoring result, and sends the monitoring result to the master communication unit through the slave communication unit.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, wherein the master node includes a master communication unit and a master control unit; wherein, The main communication unit receives the monitoring results and sends the monitoring results to the main control unit; The main control unit parses the monitoring results and determines whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions; When the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the main control unit acquires multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions; Based on the indicators corresponding to the preset channel filtering criteria, the target channel with the optimal communication status is determined from multiple available channels; The main control unit controls the main communication unit to switch the current channel to the target channel and broadcasts the channel switching signal and re-networking signal to the slave node.

4. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The main communication unit is connected to the main control unit, the acquisition unit is connected to the slave communication unit, and the main communication unit and the slave control unit are connected to each other via a wireless communication protocol.

5. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The master control unit controls the master communication unit to broadcast the channel switching signal to the slave node, and the channel switching signal includes a preset time window; After receiving the channel switching signal, the slave node switches the current channel to the target channel within the preset time window; Based on the target channel, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to broadcast a re-networking signal to the slave node.

6. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The master control unit detects whether each of the slave nodes has successfully switched to the target channel; If unsuccessful, the master control unit controls the master communication unit to switch to any of the remaining available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node based on the available channel to which it has switched.

7. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The master control unit controls the master communication unit to send test data packets to each of the slave nodes based on the target channel; After receiving the test data packet, the slave node returns a response result; The main communication unit receives the response result and sends the response result to the main control unit; The main control unit parses the response result and determines whether the actual communication status of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions. If the actual communication status of the target channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, the main control unit controls the main communication unit to switch to any of the remaining available channels, and broadcasts a channel switching signal and a re-networking signal to the slave node based on the available channel to which it has switched.

8. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The preset channel selection criteria include at least one of signal strength and data packet loss rate; The main control unit evaluates the multiple available channels according to the preset channel filtering criteria to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to the multiple available channels; and determines the target channel from the multiple available channels based on the evaluation values.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, wherein, The main control unit determines an evaluation function with the highest signal strength and the lowest data packet loss rate as evaluation targets; and evaluates multiple available channels based on the evaluation function to obtain evaluation values ​​corresponding to multiple available channels.

10. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein, The preset channel filtering criteria include device interference rate and / or channel interference rate. The main control unit obtains the device occupancy rate corresponding to each available channel and determines the device interference rate of each available channel based on the device occupancy rate. And / or, the main control unit obtains the corresponding spectral distance between each available channel and the used channel, and determines the channel interference rate of each available channel based on the spectral distance; The main control unit determines the target channel from among the multiple available channels based on the device interference rate and / or the channel interference rate.

11. A networking method, wherein, The battery management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the networking method comprises: Step S1: Receive and parse the monitoring results of the current channel, and determine whether the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions; Step S2: If the communication status of the current channel does not meet the preset communication conditions, obtain multiple available channels that meet the preset communication conditions, determine the target channel with the optimal communication status among the multiple available channels, and continue to execute step S3; if the communication status of the current channel meets the preset communication conditions, return to step S1. Step S3: Re-network based on the optimal target channel.

12. The battery management method according to claim 11, wherein, The re-networking based on the optimal target channel includes: According to the current channel, a channel switching signal is broadcast to each of the slave nodes, wherein the channel switching signal includes a preset time window; The current channel is switched to the target channel, and after the preset time window ends, a re-networking signal is broadcast to each of the slave nodes according to the target channel.

13. The battery management method according to claim 11, wherein, After re-networking based on the optimal target channel, the process also includes: Test data packets are sent to each of the slave nodes based on the target channel; Receive the response results returned by each of the slave nodes based on the test data packet; Analyze the response result to determine whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions; If the conditions are met, the target channel is determined as the current channel, and the process returns to step S1.

14. The battery management method according to claim 13, wherein, After determining whether the actual communication state of the target channel meets the preset communication conditions, the method further includes: If the conditions are not met, the system will switch to any of the remaining available channels and reconfigure the network based on the switched available channel.

15. A power battery, comprising a battery module and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is used to monitor and manage the state of the battery module, characterized in that, The battery management system is the battery management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images