Method for determining a simultaneity error of a switching apparatus for at least two electrical phases, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic computing unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a simultaneity error of a switching apparatus (10) for at least two electrical phases (L1, L2, L3) by means of an electronic computing unit (20) of the switching apparatus (10), the method comprising the steps of: receiving, by means of the electronic computing unit (20), a switching signal (28) for switching the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) of the switching apparatus (10); detecting, by means of the electronic computing unit (20), a first switching time of a first phase (L1) of the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3); detecting, by means of the electronic computing unit (20), a second switching time of a second phase (L2) of the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3); comparing at least the first switching time with the second switching time by means of the electronic computing unit (20); and determining, by means of the electronic computing unit (20), the simultaneity error depending on the comparison. The invention also relates to a computer program product, to a computer-readable storage medium, and to an electronic computing unit (20).

Description

[0001] 2024P18470 DE

[0002] 1

[0003] Description

[0004] Method for determining a synchronization error of a switching device for at least two electrical phases, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium and electronic computing device

[0005] The following invention relates to a method for determining, and in particular also for compensating, a synchronization error of a switching device for at least two electrical phases by means of an electronic computing unit of the switching device. The invention further relates to a corresponding computer program product, a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, and a corresponding electronic computing unit.

[0006] For demanding switching tasks, especially in the medium voltage range, which lies particularly in a voltage level between 1 kV and 50 kV, the simultaneous change of the switching state of the primary contacts in multi-phase systems is relevant for operational management.

[0007] In medium-voltage switching devices, wear and environmental influences affecting the drive cause changes in the switching device's response time. This means that the execution time from command input until the actual change in the switching state of the switching device's primary contacts is not constant over its entire service life.

[0008] For example, in switching devices with only one actuator for all three poles, this change affects all poles simultaneously. However, in switching devices with phase-selective actuators, the change in the operating time is usually not the same for all actuators, but rather varies individually. Therefore, it can happen that one pole changes its switching state sooner than another pole of the same switching device because the respective actuators operate at different speeds due to the influences already described.

[0009] This time offset in the contacting of the primary contacts is referred to as synchronization error.

[0010] In the current state of the art, regular maintenance work with test circuits to determine the actual proper time of the drives is recorded, whereby the current reaction time2024P18470 DE

[0011] 2

[0012] is determined and from this an individual correction of the command input is derived to compensate for the different reaction times of the drives for each individual drive.

[0013] There is therefore a need, in the state of the art, to find an essentially automated solution by means of which the synchronization error can be compensated.

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic computing device by means of which a synchronization error of a switching device can be reliably determined and, in particular, also compensated.

[0015] This problem is solved by a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic computing device according to the independent claims. Advantages and advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0016] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining the synchronization error of a switching device for at least two electrical phases using an electronic computing unit of the switching device. A switching signal for switching the at least two phases of the switching device is received by the electronic computing unit. A first time point during the switching process of a first phase of the at least two phases is recorded by the electronic computing unit. A second time point during the switching process of a second phase of the at least two phases is recorded by the electronic computing unit. The first time point is compared with the second time point by the electronic computing unit, and the synchronization error is determined as a function of this comparison by the electronic computing unit.

[0017] In particular, the detection of the first and second switching operations depends on the reception of the switching signal. In other words, a time difference between the switching operations of at least the first phase and at least the second phase is determined, and the tracking error can be calculated based on this difference.

[0018] Especially in the case of so-called medium-voltage circuit breakers, in other words, circuit breakers used in the range of 1 kV to 50 kV, to 2024P18470 DE

[0019] 3

[0020] For example, in power distribution networks, three-phase medium-voltage circuit breakers can be used to control the switching process of the individual phases. Each phase is assigned its own magnetic actuator or switching element, which switches the current flow in that phase on or off. The operating principle of magnetic actuators in three-phase medium-voltage circuit breakers is as follows: The magnetic actuators are activated by a control unit that manages the switching process for each phase individually. As soon as the switching command is received, the electromagnetic circuit of the respective magnetic actuator is activated, causing the movable contacts to press against the fixed contacts, thus allowing current flow in that phase, or to pull them apart, thus interrupting the current flow.The use of magnetic drives in three-phase medium-voltage circuit breakers offers several advantages. Firstly, magnetic drives enable fast and reliable switching of the individual phases, which in turn leads to increased service life and reliability of the breaker. Furthermore, one advantage of magnetic drives is the improved controllability of the switching contact movement through appropriate current regulation of the magnetic drive.

[0021] The magnetic drive can be, for example, a lifting magnet, but rotary drives with a limited rotation angle and other designs are also possible.

[0022] It is important to note that when using magnetic drives and three-phase medium-voltage circuit breakers, so-called synchronization errors must also be taken into account. If the switching-on and switching-off times of the phases are not exactly the same, this can lead to an uneven load on the individual phases, which in the worst case can result in overloading or destruction of individual switch components. Therefore, when planning and designing medium-voltage circuit breakers with individual drives for each phase, specific measures must be taken to minimize synchronization errors and ensure a uniform load on the phases.

[0023] According to the invention, it is now provided that this synchronization error can be determined reliably and that, for example, compensation can be carried out, in particular automatically.

[0024] In other words, the actual reaction time from the start of the control of the switching device until the actual galvanic contact change of the 2024P18470 DE can be determined.

[0025] 4

[0026] The primary circuit's switching command for each phase-selective drive of the switching device during normal operation is determined. The measured times can then be statistically evaluated and used, for example, to verify the slowest drive and to determine the time difference between the other drives and the slowest drive, thus determining the synchronization error.

[0027] This eliminates the need for regular, time-consuming, and costly test circuits to determine the necessary compensation times for the drives. In particular, an automated procedure can be provided to set the corresponding compensation times. The compensation of the synchronization error is performed continuously, not just at fixed times or when a defined synchronization error limit is exceeded.

[0028] Medium-voltage circuit breakers are an important component of power distribution networks used for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. They enable the connection of power generators and consumers to the power distribution network and ensure a safe and reliable supply of electrical energy.

[0029] Medium-voltage circuit breakers are generally designed for voltages between 1 kV and 50 kV and are manufactured in various designs, such as...

[0030] Medium-voltage circuit breakers can be installed in various forms, including open-air circuit breakers, gas-insulated circuits, or SF6 switchgear. Depending on the application, they can also be equipped with different switching technologies, such as circuit breakers, load break switches, or busbar circuit breakers. A key characteristic of medium-voltage circuit breakers is their switching capability, which refers to their ability to safely and reliably switch electrical currents and voltages on or off. The switching capability of medium-voltage circuit breakers depends on various factors, such as the type of breaker, the insulating materials used, the switching medium, and the switching speed.

[0031] To ensure a safe and reliable supply of electrical energy, state-of-the-art medium-voltage circuit breakers must be regularly maintained and inspected. This involves various tests, such as visual inspections, insulation resistance measurements, switching function tests, and functional tests of the control and monitoring systems.

[0032] The medium-voltage circuit breakers can be supplied, for example, with the appropriate spring drive or, as already mentioned, with a corresponding 2024P18470 DE

[0033] 5

[0034] Magnetic drive. The invention is particularly applicable to both magnetic drives and spring drives.

[0035] According to an advantageous embodiment, the reception time of the switching signal is determined, and the synchronization error is additionally determined as a function of the reception time. In particular, the time difference of the switching process in a given phase relative to the reception of the switching signal can thus be determined. This allows the relative switching duration of each phase to be determined. These relative switching durations can then be compared, and the synchronization error determined based on this comparison. If, for example, both switching durations within the at least two phases are correspondingly high, a warning message can be generated indicating that the switching device needs to be replaced because its switching elements are no longer functioning reliably or are unable to meet the specified timing requirements.

[0036] In a further advantageous embodiment, compensation for the tracking error is performed when a predetermined threshold is exceeded. This prevents compensation from being applied for minor deviations or isolated outliers, thus ensuring continued fast switching times. Only when the threshold is exceeded is the corresponding adjustment or compensation performed. This enables rapid switching and balanced loading within the switching device.

[0037] In an advantageous embodiment, the switching of a faster phase of at least two phases is delayed as compensation, depending on the specific synchronization error. In other words, the switching process within the slowest phase can be considered the relevant point in time. The faster phase is then delayed so that it achieves compensation with the slower phase. Naturally, if the switching device is designed for three phases, the slowest of the three phases is also used as the relevant starting point, and the other two phases can be delayed accordingly. In particular, a phase-specific delay can be implemented. In other words, a first delay can be set for the first phase, and a different delay can be set for the second phase.

[0038] 6

[0039] It has also proven advantageous to determine the delay in such a way that the phases are switched simultaneously. In particular, essentially simultaneous switching of the phases can be achieved. This means, in particular, that corresponding technical delays can be taken into account and yet essentially simultaneous switching is carried out. Thus, an overload on one phase or the other can be prevented. In particular, simultaneous switching of the individual phases can therefore be realized.

[0040] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to provide the switching device as a medium-voltage circuit breaker. Particularly in the area of ​​power distribution networks, as already mentioned, medium-voltage circuit breakers are used, which are, for example, spring-guided or magnetically guided. The magnetic drive design, in particular, has proven to be especially advantageous, as already mentioned.

[0041] In another advantageous embodiment, the electronic computing device can be provided as a microcontroller. The microcontroller can, in particular, be designed as part of the switching device. A microcontroller is, in particular, a programmable microprocessor that can be used in many different devices and applications. Compared to conventional microprocessors, microcontrollers offer numerous advantages that make them advantageous options for the present application. In particular, peripheral devices can be integrated, high computing power can be achieved, and low power consumption is possible. Furthermore, the microcontroller also enables simple programming and thus low costs.In summary, microcontrollers offer a combination of high computing power, low power consumption, and low cost, which is advantageous for the method according to the invention. The integration of peripheral devices, for example, in the present embodiment, the corresponding switching elements of the switching device, and the ease of programming make the microcontroller very advantageous for use in the invention.

[0042] It has also proven advantageous to continuously determine the synchronization error during operation of the switching device. In particular, the synchronization error can be determined during each switch-off or switch-on operation and stored, for example, in a memory device. Thus, the synchronization error can be continuously monitored and, for example, a 2024P18470 DE

[0043] 7

[0044] The trend can be determined accordingly. Furthermore, the synchronization error can be continuously and in real time compensated.

[0045] It has also proven advantageous to statistically determine the synchronization error over a predefined period and / or a predefined number of switching operations. This allows, for example, the compensation of outliers within a switching operation. Furthermore, it enables the identification of trends, such as whether the synchronization error is increasing. In particular, this allows for the development of appropriate models to predict when a synchronization error will occur and what measures should be taken. It can also be used to determine, for example, when the switching device needs to be replaced.

[0046] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the temperature of the switching device and / or the temperature of a specific winding of a phase-related switching element is taken into account to determine the synchronization error. In particular, the switching process is temperature-dependent. By appropriately considering the temperature, for example, an ambient temperature and / or the winding temperature, the corresponding switching processes can be analyzed, and based on this, it can be determined whether compensation is necessary and, if so, what form the compensation should take. The friction of the switching element is also temperature-dependent, so this can now be included in the analysis as well. Thus, the synchronization error and the corresponding compensation can be reliably determined.

[0047] It has also proven advantageous to consider the remanence effect of the respective iron core of a respective phase-related switching element, particularly the magnetic drive, and / or the respective internal resistance of a phase-related energy source of a phase-related switching element, particularly the magnetic drive. The remanence effect, also known as residual magnetism or hysteresis, refers to the phenomenon that a magnetic field persists in a ferromagnetic material after the initial magnetic field has been removed. In a magnetic drive, the remanence effect occurs when the iron core of the drive has been magnetized, for example, by the flow of current through a drive coil. When the switch / magnetic drive is then turned off, a portion of the magnetic field remains in the iron core, which is referred to as remanence.The magnitude of the remanence depends on various factors, such as the material of the iron core, the strength and duration of the current flow through the coil, and the number of switching operations. (Der2024P18470 DE)

[0048] 8

[0049] The remanence effect can have both advantages and disadvantages. A positive characteristic is that it can accelerate the switching process in a subsequent cycle (if the remanence with respect to the magnetic field alignment matches the switching process), since part of the magnetic field is already present. A disadvantage is that the residual magnetization can lead to malfunctions, potentially resulting in incorrect operation. By taking the remanence effect into account, both the advantages and disadvantages can be utilized or compensated for. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the corresponding energy source for the switching process can also change accordingly in a switching element. Based on this altered internal resistance, a delay in switching or energy supply can occur.By taking the internal resistance into account, the corresponding tracking error can also be reliably determined and appropriate compensation can be carried out.

[0050] It has also proven advantageous to generate a warning message when a predefined threshold for the synchronization error is exceeded. This warning message can be displayed directly on the switching device itself, for example, via an LED or similar indicator. Alternatively, a warning message indicating the detection of a synchronization error can be transmitted to a higher-level electronic control unit. In particular, if the synchronization error then exceeds the corresponding warning threshold again, this can be communicated, and a user can be notified that the switching device needs to be replaced because the synchronization error is high and / or can no longer be compensated.

[0051] The presented method is, in particular, a computer-implemented method. Therefore, a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product with program code means which, when the program code means are executed by the electronic computing device, cause a method according to the preceding aspect to be carried out.

[0052] Furthermore, the invention therefore also relates to a computer-readable storage medium with at least the computer program product according to the preceding aspect.

[0053] A further aspect of the invention relates to an electronic computing device for determining a synchronization error of a switching device for at least two electrical phases, 2024P18470 DE

[0054] 9

[0055] wherein the electronic computing device is configured to perform a procedure according to the preceding aspect. In particular, the procedure is carried out using the electronic computing device.

[0056] Furthermore, the invention also relates to a switching device with an electronic computing unit according to the preceding aspect. The switching device is specifically designed for at least two phases. Furthermore, the switching device is specifically designed as a medium-voltage circuit breaker.

[0057] Advantages of the method's design can be seen as advantageous designs of the computer program, the computer-readable storage medium, the electronic computing device, and the switching device. The electronic computing device and the switching device possess specific features to enable the execution of the corresponding method steps.

[0058] A computing unit / electronic computing device can be understood, in particular, as a data processing device containing a processing circuit. The computing unit can therefore process data to perform arithmetic operations. This may also include operations to perform indexed access to a data structure, such as a lookup table (LUT).

[0059] The processing unit can, in particular, contain one or more computers, one or more microcontrollers and / or one or more integrated circuits, for example one or more application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs (English:

[0060] The computing unit may include an application-specific integrated circuit (APC), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or one or more systems on a chip (SoCs). The computing unit may also include one or more processors, such as one or more microprocessors, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), and / or one or more signal processors, in particular one or more digital signal processors (DSPs). The computing unit may also include a physical or virtual array of computers or other units of the aforementioned type. 2024P18470 DE

[0061] 10

[0062] In various embodiments, the computing unit includes one or more hardware and / or software interfaces and / or one or more storage units.

[0063] A storage unit can be volatile data storage, for example as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or static random access memory (SRAM), or as non-volatile data storage, for example as read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or flash EEPROM, ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), or magnetoresistive random access memory.It can be designed as MRAM (magnetoresistive random access memory) or as phase-change random access memory, PCRAM (phase-change random access memory).

[0064] For use cases or application situations that may arise in a method according to the invention and that are not explicitly described herein, it may be provided that, according to the method, an error message and / or a request for user feedback is issued and / or a default setting and / or a predetermined initial state is set.

[0065] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identities are included.

[0066] Further features and combinations of features of the invention will become apparent from the figures and their descriptions, as well as from the claims. In particular, further embodiments of the invention need not necessarily include all features of any one of the claims. Further embodiments of the invention may have features or combinations of features that are not mentioned in the claims.

[0067] This shows:

[0068] Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of a switching device with an embodiment of an electronic computing device; and2024P18470 DE

[0069] 11

[0070] Fig. 2 shows a schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method.

[0071] In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0072] Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of a switching device 10. The switching device 10 is designed for switching at least two phases L1, L2, L3. In the present embodiment, the switching device 10 is specifically designed for switching three phases L1, L2, L3. The switching of the phases L1, L2, L3 can be carried out independently of one another. For example, a power distribution network 12 can be controlled accordingly via the switching device 10.

[0073] Each phase L1, L2, L3 has a corresponding switching element 14, 16, 18. For example, a first phase L1 has a first switching element 14, a second phase L2 has a second switching element 16, and a third phase L3 has a third switching element 18. The switching elements 14, 16, 18 can be spring-driven, but preferably are magnetic drives 30, 32, 34. In other words, the switching device 10 is preferably designed as a magnetic medium-voltage circuit breaker. Each switching element 14, 16, 18 can be assigned a corresponding magnetic drive 30, 32, 34. The first switching element can be assigned a first magnetic drive 30, the second switching element 16 a second magnetic drive 32, and the third switching element 18 a third magnetic drive 34.

[0074] In the present embodiment, the switching device 10 comprises an electronic computing unit 20. The electronic computing unit 20 is specifically designed for individually controlling the magnetic drives 30, 32, 34 and thus for moving the switching elements 14, 16, 18. For example, a first control signal 22 can be generated for the first switching element 14, a second control signal 24 for the second switching element 16, and a third control signal 26 for the third switching element 18.

[0075] The electronic computing device 20 is further equipped to receive a switching signal 28, for example from a higher-level electronic computing device. 2024P18470 DE

[0076] 12

[0077] Fig. 2 shows a schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method. The method according to the invention is particularly designed for determining a synchronization error of the switching device 10 for the at least two phases L1, L2, L3. The method according to the invention can be carried out particularly by means of the electronic computing device 20.

[0078] In a first step S1, the switching signal 28 for switching the at least two phases L1, L2, L3 of the switching device 10 is received by the electronic computing unit 20. In a second step S2, a first time point of the switching process of the first phase L1 of the at least two phases L1, L2, L3 is recorded or determined by the electronic computing unit 20. In a third step S3, a second time point of the switching process of the second phase L2 of the at least two phases L1, L2, L3 is then determined by the electronic computing unit 20. A third time point of the switching process of the third phase L3 can also be determined, for example. In a fourth step S4, the first time point is compared with the second time point and potentially also with the third time point by the electronic computing unit 20.In a fifth step S5, the synchronization error can again be determined as a function of the comparison using the electronic computing device 20.

[0079] Various methods can be used to determine the switching times of the switching elements 14, 16, 18: detectors that measure the movement of the movable switching contact and provide the contact opening or opening torque as a displacement, velocity, or acceleration signal; the opening or closing time can be determined from the voltage value across the contact path of the switching elements 14, 16, 18 (in the closed state, the voltage value across the contact path is approximately 0 V, in the open state it is at the operating voltage of the phase); the (approximate) opening time can also be determined from the current waveform through the drive coil in the case of magnetic drives 30, 32, 34; and the switch-on time of the switching elements 14, 16, 18 can be deduced from the load current (open contact: current = 0, when the contact closes the current increases according to the voltage and the impedance of the connected power distribution device).

[0080] Optionally, in a sixth step S6, compensation for the wow and flutter error can be determined and implemented accordingly during the next switching operation. In a further optional seventh step S7, a warning message can be generated, for example. 2024P18470 DE

[0081] 13

[0082] In particular, it can be provided that the reception time of the switching signal 28 is also determined and the tracking error is additionally determined as a function of the reception time. Furthermore, if a predetermined threshold for the tracking error is exceeded, compensation for the tracking error can be performed. It can also be provided that the switching of a faster phase L1, L2, L3 of at least two phases L1, L2, L3 is delayed as compensation, depending on the determined tracking error. Furthermore, the delay can be determined such that a simultaneous switching of phases L1, L2, L3 is performed.

[0083] Furthermore, it may be provided that the electronic computing device 20 is provided in particular as a microcontroller.

[0084] Furthermore, it is specifically provided that the synchronization error is continuously determined during operation of the switching device 10. The synchronization error can then be statistically determined over a specified period and / or a specified number of switching operations.

[0085] Furthermore, it may be provided that, in order to determine the synchronization error, the temperature of the switching device 10 and / or the temperature of a respective winding of a respective phase-related switching element 14, 16, 18 is taken into account. Likewise, a remanence effect of a respective iron core of a respective phase-related switching element 14, 16, 18 may also be taken into account, and / or the respective internal resistance of a phase-related energy source of a phase-related switching element 14, 16, 18 or of the magnetic drive 30, 32, 34 may be taken into account.

[0086] It may also be provided that a warning message is generated if a predetermined threshold for the synchronization error is exceeded.

[0087] In particular, Figs. 1 and 2 show that an actual reaction time from the beginning of the switching signal 28 until the actual galvanic contact change in the primary circuit in response to the switching signal 28 is continuously determined for each phase-selective drive, in particular the respective switching elements 14, 16, 18, during normal operation.

[0088] The measured times are statistically evaluated and used to identify the slowest drive or the slowest switching element 14, 16, 18 and the 2024P18470 DE

[0089] 14

[0090] To determine the time difference of the other switching elements 14, 16, 18 to the slowest drive.

[0091] The determined times are used to control the faster drives within the switching device 10 with a time delay when a switching signal 28 arrives. Thus, the execution time for a switching command across all involved switching elements 14, 16, 18 is again identical, with reference to the primary contacts of the switching device 10.2024P18470 DE

[0092] 15

[0093] Reference symbol list

[0094] 10 Switching device

[0095] 12 Energy distribution network

[0096] 14 first switching element

[0097] 16 second switching element

[0098] 18 third switching element

[0099] 20 electronic computing equipment

[0100] 22 first control signal

[0101] 24 second control signal

[0102] 26 third control signal

[0103] 28 Switching signal

[0104] 30 first magnetic drive

[0105] 32 second magnetic drive

[0106] 34 third magnetic drive

[0107] L1 first phase

[0108] L2 second phase

[0109] L3 third phase

[0110] S1 to S7 steps of the procedure

Claims

2024P18470 DE 16 Patent claims 1. Method for determining a synchronization error of a switching device (10) for at least two electrical phases (L1, L2, L3) using an electronic computing device (20) of the switching device (10), comprising the steps: - Receiving a switching signal (28) to switch the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) of the switching device (10) by means of the electronic computing device (20); - Recording a first point in time of the switching process of a first phase (L1) of the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) using the electronic computing device (20); - Recording a second point in time of the switching process of a second phase (L2) of the at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) using the electronic computing device (20); - Comparing at least the first point in time with the second point in time using the electronic computing device (20); and - Determining the synchronization error as a function of the comparison using the electronic computing device (20).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a reception time of the switching signal (28) is determined and the tracking error is additionally determined as a function of the reception time.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that If a predetermined threshold for the synchronization error is exceeded, compensation of the synchronization error is performed.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a switching of a faster phase (L1, L2, L3) which is delayed as compensation for at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) depending on the specific synchronization error.

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that The delay is determined in such a way that the phases (L1, L2, L3) are switched simultaneously.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (10) is provided as a medium-voltage circuit breaker. 2024P18470 DE 17 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic computing device (20) is provided as a microcontroller.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the synchronization error is continuously determined during operation of the switching device (10).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the synchronization error is determined statistically over a predetermined period and / or a predetermined number of switching operations.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for determining the synchronization error, a temperature of the switching device (10) and / or a temperature of a respective winding of a respective phase-related switching element (14, 16, 18) is taken into account.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a remanence effect of a respective iron core of a respective phase-related switching element (14, 16, 18) is taken into account and / or a respective internal resistance of a phase-related energy source of a phase-related switching element (14, 16, 18) is taken into account.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a warning message is generated when a predetermined threshold for the synchronization error is exceeded.

13. Computer program product comprising program code means which cause an electronic computing device (20) to perform a method according to one of claims 1 to 12 when the program code means are processed by the electronic computing device (20).

14. Computer-readable storage medium comprising at least the computer program product according to claim 13.

15. Electronic computing device (20) for determining a synchronization error of a switching device (10) for at least two electrical phases (L1, L2, L3), wherein the 2024P18470 DE 18 electronic computing device (20) for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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