Novel compounds as GLP-1r agonists and uses thereof
Novel GLP-1R agonists, such as those of Formula (I), address the limitations of existing GLP-1R agonists by offering an orally available solution that reduces adverse reactions and enhances patient compliance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ELI LILLY & CO
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-16
AI Technical Summary
Current GLP-1R agonists, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, require daily or weekly injections and are associated with adverse drug reactions, necessitating the development of orally available small molecule GLP-1R agonists.
Development of novel compounds, including those of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which act as GLP-1R agonists, and their use in pharmaceutical compositions to activate the GLP-1R receptor.
These compounds provide an orally available GLP-1R agonist option, potentially reducing adverse reactions and improving patient compliance by eliminating the need for frequent injections.
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Figure PCTCN2026071625-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026071625-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026071625-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
NOVEL COMPOUNDS AS GLP-1R AGONISTS AND USES THEREOFFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure relates to novel compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. The present disclosure further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient, and use of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the treatment of diseases or disorders, such as cancer.BACKGROUND
[0002] The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Biologics that target this receptor, such as semaglutide and liraglutide have proven clinically successful in regulating blood glucose levels, but they are not without drawbacks that include daily or weekly injections and reports of ADRs ranging from nausea and diarrhea to pancreatitis. In order to produce an orally available GLP-1R agonist, increased efforts have been directed towards the development of small molecules.
[0003] Therefore, there are still unsatisfied needs for novel compounds as GLP-1R agonists.SUMMARY
[0004] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as disclosed herein.
[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (I-1) or Formula (I-2) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as disclosed herein.
[0006] Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I) , Formula (I-1) , Formula (I-2) , Formula (I-1-1) , Formula (I-1-2) , Formula (I-2-1) , or Formula (I-2-2) , or a compound set forth in Table 2.1, Table 2.2 or Table 2.3) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0007] Also disclosed herein is a method of activating GLP-1R in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I) , Formula (I-1) , Formula (I-2) , Formula (I-1-1) , Formula (I-1-2) , Formula (I-2-1) , or Formula (I-2-2) , or a compound set forth in Table 2.1, Table 2.2 or Table 2.3) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
[0008] Also disclosed herein is use of the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I) , Formula (I-1) , Formula (I-2) , Formula (I-1-1) , Formula (I-1-2) , Formula (I-2-1) , or Formula (I-2-2) , or a compound set forth inTable 2.1, Table 2.2 or Table 2.3) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for activating GLP-1R in a subject.
[0009] Also disclosed herein is use of the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I) , Formula (I-1) , Formula (I-2) , Formula (I-1-1) , Formula (I-1-2) , Formula (I-2-1) , or Formula (I-2-2) , or a compound set forth inTable 2.1, Table 2.2 or Table 2.3) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a GLP-1 associated disease or disorder. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0010] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0011] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
[0012] Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0013] The terms below, as used herein, have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise.
[0014] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, 2nd Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2006; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2007; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 3rd Edition, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 2018; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0015] At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
[0016] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0017] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0018] As used herein, the term “Ci-Cj” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e. i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-C6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
[0019] “Oxo” refers to =O.
[0020] “Cyano” refers to -CN.
[0021] “Nitro” refers to -NO2.
[0022] “Amino” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to the group -NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from groups consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or other suitable organic groups and each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0023] “Hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to -OH.
[0024] “Alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon radical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-10alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-4alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0025] “Alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. The group may be in either the cis or trans conformation, or alternatively, E or Z conformation about the double bond (s) , and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenyl (-CH=CH2) , 1-propenyl (-CH2CH=CH2) , isopropenyl [-C (CH3) =CH2] , butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkenyl” or “C2-6alkenyl” , means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkenyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0026] “Alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1, 3-butadiynyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6alkynyl” or “C2-6alkynyl” , means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0027] “Alkylidenyl” is alkyl as defined above that is attached via the terminal divalent carbon. Exemplary alkylidenes include, but are not limited to, methylidenyl (H2C=) , ethylidenyl (CH3CH=) , propylidenyl (such as =C (CH3) 2 and =CHCH2CH3) , hexylidenyl (such as CH3 (CH2) 4CH=) , and the like. For example, in the compound below: the alkylidenyl group (i.e., ethylidenyl group) , is enclosed by the box which is indicated by the arrow.
[0028] “Alkoxy” or “alkoxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical of the formula -ORa where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined herein. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkoxy” or “C1-6alkoxy” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkoxy” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-10alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-6alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-5alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-4alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-2alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkyl is methoxy. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0029] “Aryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, an aromatic ring fused with a cycloalkyl ring) or bridged (for example, an aromatic ring fused with a bridged cycloalkyl ring) ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-to 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl) . Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthrylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0030] “Cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (for example, fused with another cycloalkyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is partially saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0031] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro.
[0032] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0033] “Hydroxylalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more hydroxyl radicals, as defined above, e.g., hydroxylmethyl, 2-hydroxylethyl, 1, 2-dihydroxylethyl, 1, 2-dihydroxylpropyl, and the like.
[0034] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more amino radicals, as defined above, e.g., aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 1, 2-diaminoethyl, 1, 2-diaminopropyl, and the like.
[0035] “Alkoxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more alkoxy radicals, as defined above. Examples of alkoxyalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH (OCH3) 2, -CH2CH (OCH3) 2, -C (OCH3) 3, -CH2C (OCH3) 3, and the like.
[0036] “Haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy, 1, 2-difluoroethoxy, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropoxy, 1, 2-dibromoethoxy, and the like.
[0037] “Heteroalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is a C1-C6 heteroalkyl wherein the heteroalkyl is comprised of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g. -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. Examples of such heteroalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, -CH (CH3) OCH3, -CH2NHCH3, -CH2N (CH3) 2, -CH2CH2NHCH3, or -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0038] “Heteroalkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkenyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkenyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkenyl. In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl is a C2-C6 heteroalkenyl wherein the heteroalkenyl is comprised of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkenyl. Examples of such heteroalkenyl are, for example, -CH=CHOCH3, -CH=CHOCH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH=CHOCH3, -C (=CH2) OCH3, -CH=NCH3, -CH2N=CH2, -CH=CHNHCH3, or -CH=CHN (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkenyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0039] “Heteroalkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkynyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkynyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkynyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkynyl. In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl is a C2-C6 heteroalkynyl wherein the heteroalkynyl is comprised of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkynyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkynyl. Examples of such heteroalkynyl are, for example, -C≡COCH3, -C≡COCH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OC≡COCH3, -C≡C-NHCH3, or -C≡C-N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkynyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0040] “Heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from 1 to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one nitrogen and one oxygen. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocyclyl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, a heterocyclyl ring fused with a cycloalkyl or another heterocyclyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. The nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. Representative heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, heterocyclyls having from two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 heterocyclyl) , from two to ten carbon atoms (C2-C10 heterocyclyl) , from two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 heterocyclyl) , from two to seven carbon atoms (C2-C7 heterocyclyl) , from two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 heterocycly) , from two to five carbon atoms (C2-C5 heterocyclyl) , or two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 heterocyclyl) . Examples of such heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, dihydrofuryl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. The term heterocyclyl also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides, and the oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, heterocyclyls have from 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocyclyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocyclyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocyclyl ring) . In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 8-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 7-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 4-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclyl may be optionally substituted as described below, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0041] “Heteroaryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a 5-to 14-membered ring system radical comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one nitrogen. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (such as, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, a heteroaryl ring fused with a cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl ring) , bridged (for example, an aryl or heteroaryl ring fused with a bridged cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring) or spiro (for example, an aryl ring fused with a spiro heterocyclyl ring, or an heteroaryl ring fused with a spiro cycloalkyl or spiro heterocyclyl ring) ring systems. The nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, furyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyridyl 1-oxide, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0042] The term “heteroarylalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is linked to an heteroaryl radical, as defined above. In some embodiments, a heteroarylalkyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through heteroaryl moiety or alkyl moiety. In some embodiments, a heteroarylalkyl can be a linking substituent in the form of -heteroaryl-alkyl-or -alkyl-heteroaryl-.
[0043] The term “heterocyclylalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is linked to a heterocycly radical, as defined above. In some embodiments, a heterocyclylalkyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through heterocycly moiety or alkyl moiety. In some embodiments, a heterocyclylalkyl can be a linking substituent in the form of -heterocyclyl-alkyl-or -alkyl-heterocyclyl-.
[0044] The term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond and is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
[0045] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined above. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH3) , fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3) , mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CFHCHF2, etc. ) . It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and / or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons.
[0046] The term “one or more” when referring to an optional substituent means that the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three, four substituents, or more substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three, or four substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one substituent. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with two substituents.
[0047] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound administered to a mammalian subject, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0048] The terms “treat, ” “treating” or “treatment, ” as used herein, include alleviating, abating, or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition. Compounds
[0049] Described herein are compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof useful as GLP-1R agonists and in the treatment of diseases or disorders, such as cancer.
[0050] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: is heteroaryl; X1 is N, and X2 is C; or X1 is C, and X2 is N; Y1 is -C (=O) -, -C (Ra) 2-, or -S (=O) 2-; Ring A is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more RA; each RA is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, SF5, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more RA1; each RA1 is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy; Y2 is -Y2a-Y2b-Y2c-; each of Y2a and Y2c is a bond or alkyl; Y2b is alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl; T is -C (=O) O (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -alkyl, -C (=O) N (Rb) C (=O) (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -S (=O) (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -S (=O) 2 (Rb) , heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more RT; each RX is independently halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy or alkoxyalkyl; or two RX taken together withthe intervening atom (s) form a cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, wherein the cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more RXX; each RXX is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl; Q is cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RQ; Z1 is a bond, -N (Rc) -, -N (Rc) -alkyl-, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -N (Rc) -, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-alkyl or heteroaryl-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, cyano, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkoxy; Z2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RZ; each RT is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl; each RQ is independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, haloalkyl, or alkyl; each RZ is independently halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, -alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -N (Rd) 2, -C (=O) N (Rd) 2, -S (=O) (Rd) , -S (=O) 2 (Rd) , or -P (=O) (Rd) 2, wherein the alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy, OCF3; or two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, SF5, haloalkyl, alkyl or alkoxy; each of Ra, Rb and Rc is independently hydrogen or alkyl; or two Ra taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl; each Rd is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; n is any integer of 0-6; and q is any integer of 1-3.
[0051] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (I-1) :
[0052] In some embodiments of Formula (I-1) , the compound is of Formula (I-1-1) : wherein R3 is hydrogen or RX, n-1 is any integer of 0-5. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl. In some embodiments, n-1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
[0053] In some embodiments of Formula (I-1) , the compound is of Formula (I-1-2) : wherein Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. In some embodiments, Ring C is C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl, or 3-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, or 1. In some embodiments, m1 is 0. In some embodiments, m1 is 1.
[0054] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (I-2) :
[0055] In some embodiments of Formula (I-2) , the compound is of Formula (I-2-1) : wherein R3 is hydrogen or RX, n-1 is any integer of 0-5. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl. In some embodiments, n-1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
[0056] In some embodiments of Formula (I-2-1) , the compound is of Formula (I-2-2) : wherein Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. In some embodiments, Ring C is C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl, or 3-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m1 is 0, or 1. In some embodiments, m1 is 0. In some embodiments, m1 is 1.
[0057] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , one or more RX is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl. In some embodiments, one or more RX is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0058] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX.
[0059] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX.
[0060] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , or (I-2) , n is 1 and RX is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl. In some embodiments, n is 1 and RX is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0061] In some embodiments of Formula (I-1-1) or (I-2-1) , n-1 is 1 and RX is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl. In some embodiments, n-1 is 1 and RX is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl.
[0062] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) or (I-2) , n is 3, one RX is C1-6 alkyl and the other two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, n is 3, one RX is C1-6 (e.g. C1-3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) alkyl and the other two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a C3-6 (e.g. C3-4, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, is X10 is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, X10 is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, X10 is 0, or 1. In some embodiments, X10 is 0. In some embodiments, X10 is 1. In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is
[0063] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-1-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , each RXX is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, C1-6alkoxy or C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each RXX is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, or C1-3alkyl.
[0064] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) or (I-2) , n is 3, one RX is C1-6 alkyl and the other two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, n is 3, one RX is C1-6 (e.g. C1-3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) alkyl and the other two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a C3-6 (e.g. C3-4, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, is
[0065] In some embodiments of Formula (I-1-1) or (I-2-1) , n-1 is 2, two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, n-1 is 2, two RX taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a C3-6 (e.g. C3-4, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX.
[0066] In some embodiments of Formula (I-1-1) or (I-2-1) , n-1 is 2, two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX. In some embodiments, n-1 is 2, two RX taken together with the adjacent atoms to which they are attached form a C3-6 (e.g. C3-4, C3, C4, C5 or C6, etc. ) cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more RXX.
[0067] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) or (I-2) , n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In some embodiments, n is 0.
[0068] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Ring A is a bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA. In some embodiments, the bicyclic heteroaryl comprises at least one N atom. In some embodiments, the bicyclic heteroaryl is fused bicyclic heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the bicyclic heteroaryl is fused bicyclic heteroaryl comprising a 5-membered ring fused with a 6-membered ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from the group consisting of: each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from the group consisting of: each optionally further substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA, wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1. In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from the group consisting of: each optionally further substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA, wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1.
[0069] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , each RA is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein the cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA1. In some embodiments, one or more of RA is oxo. In some embodiments, one or more of RA is independently C3-8 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C5-8 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl or C5-6 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA1. In some embodiments, one or more of RA is independently C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl or C8 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA1. In some embodiments, one or more of RA is independently 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more RA1. In some embodiments, one or more of RA is independently 3-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl or 8-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RA1.
[0070] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , each RA1 is independently oxo, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently oxo, C1-6 (e.g. C1-3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, etc. ) alkyl or C1-6 (e.g. C1-3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, etc. ) alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RA1 is independently oxo, -CH3, or -OCH3.
[0071] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Ring A is a bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with one or more RA, and one RA is or Ring A is a tricyclic or tetracyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more RA.
[0072] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Ring A is wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1.
[0073] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Ring A is wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1. In some embodiments, Ring A is wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1.
[0074] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Y1 is -C (=O) -, -C (Ra) 2-, or -S (=O) 2-. In some embodiments, Y1 is -C (=O) -. In some embodiments, Y1 is -C (Ra) 2-, and Ra is hydrogen or C1-6 (e.g. C1-3, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, etc. ) alkyl. In some embodiments, Y1 is -C (Ra) 2-, and two Ra taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a C3-6 (e.g. C3, C4, C5, or C6, etc. ) cycloalkyl or 3-to 6-membered (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 3-to 4-, 4-to 5-, 5-to 6-membered, etc. ) heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, Y1 is In some embodiments, Y1 is -S (=O) 2-.
[0075] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Y2 is -Y2a-Y2b-Y2c-, wherein Y2a and Y2c is a bond.
[0076] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Y2 is alkyl or cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more group selected from alkyl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Y2 is C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with alkyl. In some embodiments, Y2 is C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C3 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with alkyl. In some embodiments, Y2 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y2 is C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl or C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl. In some embodiments, Y2 is a 3-to 8-membered (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 4-to 8-, 4-to 7-, or 4-to 6-membered, etc. ) heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with alkyl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Y2 is
[0077] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z1 is a bond, -N (Rc) -, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -N (Rc) -, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl, wherein the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is a bond. In some embodiments, Z1 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is a 3-to 8-membered (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 4-to 8-, 4-to 7-, or 4-to 6-membered, etc. ) heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is a 5-to 10-membered (e.g. 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 5-to 9-, 5-to 8-, 5-to 7-, or 5-to 6-membered, etc. ) heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is heterocyclylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is a 3-to 8-membered (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 4-to 8-, 4-to 7-, or 4-to 6-membered, etc. ) heterocyclyl-C1-10 (e.g. C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, or C6, etc. ) alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Z1 is a 5-to 10-membered (e.g. 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) heteroaryl-C1-10 (e.g. C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, or C6, etc. ) alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl.
[0078] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z1 is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, wherein the are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl, p1 is any integer of 1-3; p2 is any integer of 0-10; p3 is any integer of 0-10; Rza is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or (C1-6 alkyl) carbonyl; Rzb and Rzc are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl or C2-6 alkynyl; and * end of Z1 is connected to X2. In some embodiments, Z1 is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, In some embodiments, Z1 is * end of Z1 is connected to X2.
[0079] In some embodiments, p1 is 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, p2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, p3 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, Rza is hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, or (C1-3 alkyl) carbonyl. In some embodiments, Rzb and Rzc are independently hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, C2-3 alkenyl or C2-3 alkynyl.
[0080] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RZ.
[0081] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , , Z2 is C6-12 (e.g. C12, C11, C10, C9, C8, C7, or C6) aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0082] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is 5-to 14-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered) heteroaryl, 6-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 7-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 8-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 8-to 13-membered heteroaryl, 8-to 12-membered heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0083] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is tricyclic aryl, tricyclic heteroaryl, tetracyclic aryl, or tetracyclic heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is spiro-system containing tricyclic aryl or spiro-system containing tricyclic heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is fused-system containing tricyclic aryl or fused-system containing tricyclic heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is 11-to 16 membered tricyclic aryl, 11-to 16 membered tricyclic heteroaryl, 14-to 18-membered tetracyclic aryl, or 14-to 18-membered tetracyclic heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0084] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is 9-to -10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 11-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 12-to 16-membered tricyclic heteroaryl, or 14-to 18-membered tetracyclic heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is not
[0085] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is wherein ring ZN1 is aryl or heteroaryl, ring ZN2 is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, ring ZN3 is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of ring ZN1, ring ZN2 and ring ZN3 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, ring ZN1 is phenyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, ring ZN2 is C4-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-to -6 membered heterocyclyl, ring ZN3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C6 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C5 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C4 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C3 monocyclic cycloalkyl, C9-10 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C10 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C9 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C8 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C7 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C6 bicyclic cycloalkyl, C5 bicyclic cycloalkyl or C5-10 bicyclic cycloalkyl) , 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl or 5-to 10-membered bicyclic hetercyclyl) , each of ring ZN1, ring ZN2 and ring ZN3 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, ring ZN1 is phenyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, ring ZN2 is C4-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-to -6 membered heterocyclyl, ring ZN3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 monocyclic cycloalkyl or C5-10 bicyclic cycloalkyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl or 5-to 10-membered bicyclic hetercyclyl, each of ring ZN1, ring ZN2 and ring ZN3 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZZ, RZZ is RZ, or two RZZ together with the atom (s) to which they attached form a cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, ring ZN1 is phenyl, ring ZN2 is 4-to -6 membered heterocyclyl, ring ZN3 is C3-6 cycloalkyl, each of ring ZN1, ring ZN2 and ring ZN3 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZZ. In some embodiments, each RZ is independently halogen, or C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, -CH2CH3, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkyl such as -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, -OCF3, etc. ) , C3-6cycloalkyl (such as -C1-6alkyl-C3-6cycloalkyl (such as or two RZZ together with the atom (s) to which they attached form a C3-9 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, or C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkyl (such as -CF3, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, or -OCF3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, two RZZ together with the same atom to which they attached form a C3-9 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, or C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkyl (such as -CF3, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, or -OCF3, etc. ) , . In some embodiments, CH3 is CD3. In some embodiments, RZZ is independently CD3. In some embodiments, Z2 is wherein K1 is CH, CRZZ or N, p-1 is any integer of 0-6. In some embodiments, K1 is CH. In some embodiments, K1 is CRZZ, and RZZ is halogen (e.g., F, or Cl) . In some embodiments, Z2 is In some embodiments, Z2 is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Z2 is
[0086] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is wherein ring ZN4 is aryl or heteroaryl, ring ZN5 is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, ring ZN6 is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl each of ring ZN4, ring ZN5 and ring ZN6 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZZ, RZZ is RZ, or two RZZ together with the atom (s) to which they attached form a cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, ring ZN4 is phenyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, ring ZN5 and ring ZN6 is independently C4-8 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, 4-to -8-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5 membered heterocyclyl, or 4-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of ring ZN4, ring ZN5 and ring ZN6 is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZZ, RZZ is RZ, or two RZZ together with the atom (s) to which they attached form a cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RZZ is independently halogen, C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, etc. ) , C1-6 haloalkyl such as -CF3, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , or C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, or -OCF3, etc. ) , or two RZZ together with the atom (s) to which they attached form a C3-9 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, or C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, etc. ) or C1-6 haloalkyl such as -CF3, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , or C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, or -OCF3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, two RZZ together with the same atom to which they attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, or C1-6alkyl (such as methyl, etc. ) or C1-6 haloalkyl such as -CF3, etc. ) , C1-6alkoxy (such as -OCH3, etc. ) , or C1-6 haloalkoxy (such as -OCHF2, or -OCF3, etc. ) . In some embodiments, CH3 is CD3. In some embodiments, RZZ is independently CD3. In some embodiments, Z2 is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, Z2 is
[0087] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is phenyl, indazolyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0088] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is 9-to -10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo or 11-to 15-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, wherein each heteroaryl further optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 11-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 12-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 13-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 14-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, or 15-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, wherein each heteroaryl further optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is In some embodiments, Z2 is
[0089] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is
[0090] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0091] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is C6-12 (e.g. C12, C11, C10, C9, C8, C7, or C6) cycloalkyl, C6-11 cycloalkyl, C6-10 cycloalkyl, C6-9 cycloalkyl or C6-8 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0092] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is 5-to 14-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered) heterocyclyl, 6-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 7-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 13-membered heterocyclyl or 8-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ. In some embodiments, Z2 is each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RZ.
[0093] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , each RZ is independently halogen, alkyl, oxo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, -alkylcycloalkyl, -N (Rd) 2, -C (=O) N (Rd) 2, -S (=O) 2 (Rd) , -P (=O) (Rd) 2 or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RZ is independently halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, -C1-6alkyl-C3-6 cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy, -N (Rd) 2, -S (=O) 2 (Rd) , or -P (=O) (Rd) 2. In some embodiments, each RZ is independently methyl, -F, oxo, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CH2OCH3, -NH (CH3) , -C (=O) N (CH3) 2, -S (=O) 2 (cyclopropyl) or -P (=O) (CH2CH3) 2. In some embodiments, two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments, two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen. In some embodiments, two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a C2-C4 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen. In some embodiments, two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a optionally substituted with one or more halogen. In some embodiments, two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a
[0094] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Z2 is selected from
[0095] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is aryl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is C6-12 (e.g. C12, C11, C10, C9, C8, C7, or C6) aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is fused bicyclic aryl. In some embodiments, Q is In some embodiments, Q is In some embodiments, Q is each of RQ1, RQ2, RQ3, RQ4 and RQ5 is independently hydrogen or RQ. In some embodiments, each of RQ1, RQ2, RQ3, RQ4 and RQ5 is independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each of RQ1, RQ2, RQ3, RQ4 and RQ5 is independently hydrogen, cyano, F, Cl, Br, I, -CH3, In some embodiments, Q is In some embodiments, RQ1 and RQ2, RQ2 and RQ3, RQ3 and RQ4, or RQ4 and RQ5 together with intervening atoms form a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more group independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ1 and RQ2, RQ2 and RQ3, RQ3 and RQ4, or RQ4 and RQ5 together with intervening atoms form a C3-6 (e.g. C3, C4, C5, C6, or, C5-6, etc. ) cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more group independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ1 and RQ2, RQ2 and RQ3, RQ3 and RQ4, or RQ4 and RQ5 together with intervening atoms form a phenyl optionally substituted with one or more group independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ1 and RQ2, RQ2 and RQ3, RQ3 and RQ4, or RQ4 and RQ5 together with intervening atoms form a 3-to 6- (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 5-to 6-, etc. ) membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more group independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ1 and RQ2, RQ2 and RQ3, RQ3 and RQ4, or RQ4 and RQ5 together with intervening atoms form a 3-to 6- (e.g. 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 5-to 6-, etc. ) membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more group independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl.
[0096] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is C6-12 (e.g. C12, C11, C10, C9, C8, C7, or C6) cycloalkyl, C6-11 cycloalkyl, C6-10 cycloalkyl, C6-9 cycloalkyl or C6-8 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more RQ.
[0097] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) RQ. In some embodiments, Q is 5-to 14-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered) heterocyclyl, 6-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 7-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 13-membered heterocyclyl or 8-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more RQ. In some embodiments, Q is
[0098] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is aryl substituted with one or more RQ, and one RQ is cycloalkyl substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl.
[0099] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is aryl substituted with one or more RQ, and one RQ is C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, each substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments of, Q is aryl substituted with one or more RQ, and one RQ is C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl, each substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl.
[0100] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , Q is aryl substituted with one or more RQ, and one RQ is
[0101] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , each RQ is independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. two or three, etc. ) groups independently selected from halogen, haloalkyl, or alkyl. In some embodiments, each RQ is independently halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br, I) , alkyl, or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, haloalkyl, or alkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is cycloalkyl substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or C3-4 cycloalkyl, each substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl, each substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is In some embodiments, RQ is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, RQ is C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, or C6 alkyl) optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen or haloalkyl.
[0102] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , T is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RT. In some embodiments, T is heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, T is 5-to 14-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered) heterocyclyl, 6-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 7-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 14-membered heterocyclyl, 8-to 13-membered heterocyclyl or 8-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more RT. In some embodiments, T is heteroaryl. In some embodiments, T is 5-to 14-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered) heteroaryl, 6-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 7-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 8-to 14-membered heteroaryl, 8-to 13-membered heteroaryl or 8-to 12-membered heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RT. In some embodiments, each RT is independently oxo, halogen or alkyl.
[0103] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , T is selected from oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolonyl, thiadiazolonyl, triazolyl, dihydrotriazolyl, or dihydrotriazolonyl. In some embodiments, T is selected from In some embodiments, T is
[0104] In some embodiments of Formula (I) , (I-1) , (I-1-1) , (I-1-2) , (I-2) , (I-2-1) , or (I-2-2) , q is 1, 2 or 3. In some embodiments, q is 1. In some embodiments, q is 2 or 3.
[0105] In some embodiments the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is one of the compounds in Table 2.1, Table 2.2 or Table 2.3. TABLE 2.1 Exemplary Compounds TABLE 2.2 Exemplary Compounds TABLE 2.3 Exemplary Compounds Further Forms of Compounds Disclosed Herein Isomers / Stereoisomers
[0106] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E) , and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more chiral centers and each center exists in the R configuration, or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereoisomers, resulting from a single preparative step, combination, or interconversion are useful for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, the diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc. ) and are separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. In some embodiments, the diastereomers are separated by chiral chromatography, or preferably, by separation / resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In some embodiments, the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization. Tautomers
[0107] In some situations, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In bonding arrangements where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are contemplated. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH.
[0108] For example, are tautomers, and can be used interchangeably herein. A compound disclosed herein with group include the corresponding compound with group Isotopic form
[0109] Unless otherwise stated, compounds described herein may exhibit their natural isotopic abundance, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H (protium) , 2H (deuterium) , and 3H (tritium) . Protium is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford some therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and / or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism.
[0110] For example, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more particular isotopes. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes that are not predominantly found in nature. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from deuterium (2H) , tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) . In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from 2H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 12N, 13N, 15N, 16N, 16O, 17O, 14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 131I, and 125I. In some embodiments, the abundance of the enriched isotopes is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0111] In some embodiments, the compound is deuterated in at least one position. In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have some or all of the 1H atoms replaced with 2H atoms.
[0112] The methods of synthesis for deuterium-containing compounds are known in the art and include, by way of non-limiting example only, the procedure described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,846,514 and 6,334,997, and the following synthetic methods. For example, deuterium substituted compounds may be synthesized using various methods such as described in: Dean, Dennis C.; Editor. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Radiolabeled Compounds for Drug Discovery and Development. [In: Curr., Pharm. Des., 2000; 6 (10) ] 2000, 110 pp; George W.; Varma, Rajender S. The Synthesis of Radiolabeled Compounds via Organometallic Intermediates, Tetrahedron, 1989, 45 (21) , 6601-21; and Evans, E. Anthony. Synthesis of radiolabeled compounds, J. Radioanal. Chem., 1981, 64 (1-2) , 9-32.
[0113] Deuterated starting materials are readily available and are subjected to the synthetic methods described herein to provide for the synthesis of deuterium-containing compounds. Large numbers of deuterium-containing reagents and building blocks are available commercially from chemical vendors, such as Aldrich Chemical Co. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts
[0114] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0115] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess acidic or basic groups and therefore react with any of several inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In some embodiments, these salts are prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free form with a suitable acid or base, and isolating the salt thus formed.
[0116] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral, organic acid or inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1, 4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caproate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate, metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and xylenesulfonate.
[0117] Further, the compounds described herein can be prepared as pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including, but not limited to, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo- [2.2.2] oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4, 4’-methylenebis- (3-hydroxy-2-ene-1 -carboxylic acid) , 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic, while not inthemselves pharmaceutically acceptable, are employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds disclosed herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
[0118] In some embodiments, those compounds described herein which comprise a free acid group react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. Representative salts include the alkali or alkaline earth salts, like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4, and the like.
[0119] Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they contain. In some embodiments, water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are obtained by such quaternization. Method of Treatment
[0120] Disclosed herein are methods of modulating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, disclosed herein.
[0121] Disclosed herein are methods of activating GLP-1R in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, disclosed herein.
[0122] Disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a GLP-1 associated disease or disorder.
[0123] In some embodiments, the GLP-1 associated disease or disorder is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) , hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes) , diabetic complication, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, brain infarction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Parkinson’s disease or dementia. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 associated disease or disorder is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) or obesity.
[0124] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating GLP-1R, in a subject in need thereof.
[0125] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for activating GLP-1R, in a subject in need thereof.
[0126] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder, in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a GLP-1 associated disease or disorder.
[0127] In some embodiments, the GLP-1 associated disease or disorder is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) , hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes) , diabetic complication, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, brain infarction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Parkinson’s disease or dementia. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 associated disease or disorder is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) or obesity. Dosing
[0128] In some embodiments, the compositions containing the compound (s) described herein are administered for therapeutic treatments. In certain therapeutic applications, the compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease or condition, in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest at least one of the symptoms of the disease or condition. Amounts effective for this use depend on the severity and course of the disease or condition, previous therapy, the patient’s health status, weight, and response to the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. Therapeutically effective amounts are optionally determined by methods including, but not limited to, a dose escalation and / or dose ranging clinical trial.
[0129] In some embodiments wherein the patient’s condition does not improve, upon the doctor’s discretion the administration of the compounds are administered chronically, that is, for an extended period of time, including throughout the duration of the patient’s life in order to ameliorate or otherwise control or limit the symptoms of the patient’s disease or condition. Routes of Administration
[0130] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, optic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections. Pharmaceutical Compositions / Formulations
[0131] The compounds described herein are administered to a subject in need thereof, either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered to animals.
[0132] In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. A summary of pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa. : Mack Publishing Company, 1995) ; Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H. A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N. Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins1999) , herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure. Examples
[0133] For the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. The Examples provided herein describe the synthesis of compounds disclosed herein as well as intermediates used to prepare the compounds. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the present disclosure may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents and building blocks known in the art other than those described, and / or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Besides, persons skilled in the art will also understand that individual steps described herein or in the separate batches of a compound may be combined. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but rather is specified by the claims appended hereto. Example a: Synthesis of int-16
[0134] Step 1: int-16-2
[0135] To a mixture of int-16-1 (7.00 g, 49.9 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was added methyl 1-formylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (8.32 g, 64.9 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hr, then added NaBH3CN (4.71 g, 74.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at for 25 ℃ for 12 hrs, (Boc) 2O (16.3 g, 74.9 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 12 hrs. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16-2 (3.00 g, 20%yield) . 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ 4.21 -4.05 (m, 1H) , 3.69 -3.63 (m, 5H) , 3.18 -2.75 (m, 1H) , 2.65 -2.55 (m, 1H) , 1.50 -1.43 (m, 9H) , 1.38 -1.26 (m, 5H) , 1.08 (s, 2H) .
[0136] Step 2: int-16-3
[0137] To a mixture of int-16-2 (5.00 g, 16.8 mmol) in THF was added KOtBu (1.89 g, 16.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ f or 12 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16-3 (4.0 g, 90%yield) . LCMS: 265.2 [M+H] +.
[0138] Step 3: int-16-4
[0139] To a mixture of int-16-3 (2.00 g, 7.57 mmol) in EtOH (30 ml) was added (4-fluoro-3, 5-dimethylphenyl) hydrazine (1.51 g, 9.84 mmol) and H2O (0.954 ml, 53.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 hrs, diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16-4 (2.00 g, 66%yield) . LC-MS: 401.3 [M+H] +.
[0140] Step 4: int-16-5
[0141] To a mixture of int-16-4 (2.00 g, 4.99 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added DIEA (2.62 ml, 14.9 mmol) and phenyl chloroformate (1.56 g, 9.99 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was concentrated to give int-16-5 (2.60 g, 100 %yield) . LCMS: 543.0 [M+Na] +.
[0142] Step 5: int-16-6
[0143] To a mixture of int-16-5 (2.00 g, 3.84 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) and THF (20 ml) was added 2, 2-dimethoxyethan-1-amine (0.808 g, 7.68 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16-6 (0.8 g, 27%yield) . LCMS: 532.4 [M+H] +.
[0144] Step 6: int-16-7
[0145] To a mixture int-16-6 (1.40 g, 1.84 mmol) in THF (25 ml) was added methane sulfonic acid (1.41 g, 14.7 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hrs. Then (Boc) 2O (1.71 ml, 7.37 mmol) and K3PO4 (3.91 g, 18.43 mmol) were added to the mixture at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at 25 ℃. The mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16-7 (430 mg, 34%yield) . LCMS: 568.3 [M+H] +.
[0146] Step 7: int-16
[0147] To a mixture of int-16-7 (430 mg, 0.757 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (126 mg, 0.909 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction was filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-16 (241 mg, 68%yield) . LCMS: 468.4 [M+H] +. 1HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) : δ 7.04 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 6.51 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.44 (s, 1H) , 5.33 (s, 1H) , 4.17 -4.03 (m, 1H) , 3.57 (s, 2H) , 2.21 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 6H) , 1.47 (s, 9H) , 1.29 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 3H) , 1.05 -1.02 (m, 1H) , 0.95 -0.92 (m, 3H) . Example b: Synthesis of int-17
[0148] The synthesis of int-17 followed the same synthetic procedure for Compound 31k of WO2018056453. Example c: Synthesis of int-70-2
[0149] To a solution of int-70-1 (1.07 g, 4.18 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (2.04 g, 6.27 mmol) and MeI (0.34 mL, 5.43 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 20 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL × 2) , followed by brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-70-2 (850.0 mg, 3.15 mmol, 75.0%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.31 –7.23 (m, 1H) , 6.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.38 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.73 –1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.60 –1.54 (m, 2H) . Example d: Synthesis of int-73-4
[0150] Step 1: int-73-2
[0151] To a solution of int-73-1 (8.48 g, 47.6 mmol) in EtOAc (50 mL) was added a solution of 2, 2-dimethoxyethan-1-amine (5 g, 47.6 mmol) in EtOAc (10 ml) dropwise at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 4 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with iPrOAc (60 mL) . The organic layer was washed with brine (60 mL × 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford int-73-2 (8.66 g, crude) , which was used directly for the next step without purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 214.0 (M-H) -.
[0152] Step 2: int-73-3
[0153] To a solution of int-16-4 (2.00 g, 4.06 mmol) and int-73-2 (1.748 g, 8.12 mmol) in DMAc (20 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (1.82 g, 16.24 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 3 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL × 2) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-73-3 (1.10 g, 1.63 mmol, 40.2%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 548.3 (M+H) +.
[0154] Step 3: int-73-4
[0155] A mixture of int-73-3 (1.10 g, 2.01 mmol) in HCl solution (10 mL, 4 M in 1, 4-dioxane) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 4 hrs. After completion, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was dissolved in THF (10.00 mL) . After adding di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.865 ml, 8.03 mmol) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (3.50 g, 20.08 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. Then the reaction was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL ×3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL × 2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was dissolved in MeOH (10.00 mL) and then K2CO3 (2.78 g, 20.08 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 4 hrs and concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-73-4 (630.0 mg, 1.24 mmol, 61.6%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 484.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.68 –12.45 (m, 1H) , 7.41 –6.95 (m, 4H) , 5.40 –4.99 (m, 1H) , 3.66 –3.42 (m, 2H) , 2.15 (s, 6H) , 1.40 (s, 9H) , 1.35 –1.30 (m, 1H) , 1.26 –1.03 (m, 3H) , 0.96 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H) , 0.89 –0.79 (m, 1H) . Example e: Synthesis of int-78
[0156] Step 1. Int-78-2
[0157] To a solution of 6-bromo-7-methyl-1H-indole (1.00 g, 4.76 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added NaH (286.0 mg, 7.14 mmol, 60%purity) at 0 ℃ in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 0.5 hr. Then MeI (0.36 mL, 5.71 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for1 hr. After completion, the mixture was quenched by cold water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (60 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (60 mL × 2) , followed by brine (60 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-78-2 (0.91 g, 4.05 mmol, 85%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 224.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.37 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (s, 3H) , 2.81 (s, 3H) .
[0158] Step 2. Int-78-3
[0159] To a solution of int-78-2 (900.0 mg, 4.02 mmol) in t-BuOH (45 mL) was added PyHBr3 (5.98 g, 12.05 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction was poured into H2O (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL × 3) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-78-3 (1.26 g, 3.16 mmol, 79%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.50 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 (s, 3H) , 2.63 (s, 3H) .
[0160] Step 3. Int-78-4
[0161] To a solution of int-78-3 (1.10 g, 2.76 mmol) in MeOH (11 mL) were added zinc (1.81 g, 27.6 mmol) , followed by AcOH (0.16 mL, 2.76 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was basified by saturated NaHCO3 solution (aq., 50 mL) to pH = 8, extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL × 2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, triturated to afford int-78-4 (582.0 mg, 2.42 mmol, 87%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 240.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 (s, 2H) , 3.41 (s, 3H) , 2.61 (s, 3H) .
[0162] Step 4. Int-78
[0163] To a solution of int-78-4 (580.0 mg, 2.42 mmol) and diphenyl (vinyl) sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (963.0 mg, 2.66 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added zinc (158.0 mg, 2.42 mmol) and 1, 8-Diazabicyclo [5, 4, 0] undec-7-ene (1.82 g, 7.25 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, poured into H2O (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (40 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (40 mL × 3) , followed by brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-78 (533.0 mg, 2.01 mmol, 82.8%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 266.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.79 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.51 (s, 3H) , 2.66 (s, 3H) . Example f: Synthesis of int-18
[0164] Step 1. Int-18-1
[0165] To a solution of (4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl) hydrazine (20.00 g, 98.00 mmol) in toluene (400 mL) were added ethyl 2-oxopropanoate (11.33 g, 98.00 mmol) and p-TsOH (55.70 g, 293.00 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (3000 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (1000 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (500 mL*2) , followed by brine (500 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 10%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (4.00 g, 13.98 mmol, 14.3%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.66 (s, 1H) , 7.75 (s, 1H) , 7.35 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.22 –7.20 (s, 1H) , 4.35 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.35 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) .
[0166] Step 2. Int-18-2
[0167] To a solution of Int-18-1 (4.00 g, 13.98 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) were added potassium acetate (2.74 g, 28.0 mmol) and PdCl2 (dppf) (205.0 mg, 0.28 mmol) and 4, 4, 4', 4', 5, 5, 5', 5'-octamethyl-2, 2'-bi (1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane) (3905 mg, 15.38 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (500 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 10%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (3.50 g, 10.51 mmol, 75.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 332.0 [M-H] . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.54 (s, 1H) , 7.90 (s, 1H) , 7.32 –7.29 (m, 1H) , 7.20 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.35 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.35 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.31 (s, 12H) .
[0168] Step 3. Int-18-3
[0169] To a mixture of Int-18-2 (3.50 g, 10.51 mmol) and 2, 2-dimethyl-3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (5.47 g, 21.01 mmol) in dioxane (28 mL) and water (7 mL) were added PdCl2 (dppf) (154.0 mg, 0.21 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.36 g, 31.5 mmol) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times and stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 50%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (3.10 g, 9.77 mmol, 93.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 316.0 [M-H] -
[0170] Step 4. Int-18-4
[0171] To a solution of Int-18-3 (2.10 g, 6.62 mmol) in MeOH (60 mL) was added Pd / C (210 mg, 10%w / w) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times and stirred at 30 ℃ for 4 hrs under H2 (15 Psi) . After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad and rinsed with MeOH (5 mL*3) . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (2.00 g, 6.26 mmol, 95.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 318.0 [M-H] - 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.26 (s, 1H) , 7.32 (s, 1H) , 7.19 –7.14 (m, 1H) , 7.03 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.33 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.06 –2.95 (m, 1H) , 1.73 –1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.61 –1.45 (m, 2H) , 1.34 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.25 (s, 3H) , 1.17 (s, 3H) .
[0172] Step 5. Int-18-5
[0173] To a solution of Int-18-4 (2.00 g, 6.26 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was added N-methylaniline (1.68 g, 15.66 mmol) , followed by trimethylaluminum (9.39 mL, 2 M in toluene) was added dropwised at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 25%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (2.00 g, 5.26 mmol, 84.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 381.3 [M+H] + 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.88 (s, 1H) , 7.48 –7.39 (m, 3H) , 7.37 –7.32 (m, 2H) , 6.97 (s, 1H) , 6.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.43 (s, 1H) , 3.68 –3.61 (m, 2H) , 3.39 (s, 3H) , 2.96 –2.85 (m, 1H) , 1.66 –1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.53 –1.37 (m, 2H) , 1.21 (s, 3H) , 1.13 (s, 3H) .
[0174] Step 6. Int-18-6
[0175] To a solution of Int-18-5 (1.80 g, 4.73 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH (473.0 mg, 11.83 mmol) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 mins and then 2-bromoacetonitrile (1.14 g, 9.46 mmol) was added dropwised at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 50%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.50 g, 3.58 mmol, 76.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 420.2 [M+H] +
[0176] Step 7. Int-18-7
[0177] To a mixture of (S) -1- (cyanomethyl) -5- (2, 2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -7-fluoro-N-methyl-N-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (1.50 g, 3.58 mmol) and (R) -4-methyl-1, 3, 2-dioxathiolane 2, 2-dioxide (988.0 mg, 7.15 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added LiHMDS (14.3 mL, 1 M in THF) dropwised at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 50%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.40 g, 3.05 mmol, 85 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 460.3 [M+H] +
[0178] Step 8. Int-18-8
[0179] To a solution of Int-18-7 (1.50 g, 3.26 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (450.0 mg, 6.53 mmol) and TEA (2.73 mL, 19.58 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 12 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (250 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 35%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.40 g, 2.84 mmol, 87%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 493.2 [M+H] +
[0180] Step 9. Int-18-9
[0181] To a solution of Int-18-8 (1.30 g, 2.64 mmol) in dioxane (13 mL) was added CDI (856.0 mg, 5.28 mmol) and DBU (1.2 mL, 7.92 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was added water (250 mL) , acidified by diluted HCl (2 M aq. ) to pH=3~4 and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with methanol (from 0%to 7%) in dichloromethane to afford the title compound (1.20 g, 2.31 mmol, 88%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 519.2 [M+H] +
[0182] Step 10. Int-18-9
[0183] To a solution of 5- (2, 2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -7-fluoro-N-methyl-1- ( (1S, 2S) -2-methyl-1- (5-oxo-2, 5-dihydro-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) cyclopropyl) -N-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (1.15 g, 2.22 mmol) in t-BuOK solution (1 M in THF, 22.18 mL) was added H2O (2 mg, 0.11 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 6 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (150 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL*2) to move off impurities, then acidified by diluted HCl (4 M aq. ) to adjusted pH = 4~6, extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*2) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (800.0 mg, 1.86 mmol, 84%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 430.3 [M+H] + 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.39 (brs, 1H) , 7.36 (s, 1H) , 7.22 –7.18 (m, 1H) , 7.12 (t, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.74 –3.66 (m, 2H) , 3.08 –2.97 (m, 1H) , 2.00 –1.87 (m, 2H) , 1.75 –1.48 (m, 6H) , 1.28 –1.23 (m, 6H) , 1.18 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) . Example g: Synthesis of int-19, int-20, int-21
[0184] To a solution of 6-bromo-1-methyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-2-one (2.8 g, 12.33 mmol) and potassium hydroxide (1.73 g, 30.80 mmol) in DMSO (56 mL) was added MeI (1.7 mL, 27.1 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction was quenched by water (300 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 20%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (2.30 g, 8.11 mmol, 65.8 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 255.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.12 (s, 3H) , 1.30 (s, 6H) .
[0185] Int-20, int-21 was prepared following the procedure for int-19. Example h: Synthesis of int-22
[0186] Int-22 was prepared following the procedure for int-18. Example i: Synthesis of int-23
[0187] Int-23 was prepared following the procedure for int-70-2. Example j: Synthesis of int-24
[0188] Int-24 was prepared following the procedure for int-19. Example k: Synthesis of int-25
[0189] Int-25 was prepared following the procedure for int-19. Example l: Synthesis of int-26
[0190] Step 1: int-26
[0191] To a solution of int-26-1 (1.00 g, 4.72 mmol) in DMSO (10 ml) were added KOH (1.06 g, 18.86 mmol) , and then to the mixture was added MeI (1.04 ml, 16.52 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-26 (1.00 g, 3.94 mmol, 83 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 254.1 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 -2.25 (m, 1H) , 7.21 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.12 (s, 3H) , 1.25 (s, 6H) . Example m: Synthesis of int-27 and int-27-P2
[0192] The synthesis of int-27 was referred to example 282 of WO2025026270.
[0193] The synthesis of int-27-P2 was referred to example 285 of WO2025026270. Example r: Synthesis of int-32
[0194] Step 1. Int-32-2
[0195] To a mixture of 6-bromo-7-fluoroindoline-2, 3-dione (50.00 g, 205.00 mmol) in EtOH (500 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (14.80 ml, 266 mmol, 85%purity) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 2 hrs and then potassium tert-butoxide (69.0 g, 615 mmol) was added in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 1 hr. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into ice water (2000 mL) and acidified by diluted HCl (4 M aqueous) to pH = 6~7. The precipitate was filtered, resined with water (200 mL*3) and dried on vacuum to afford Int-32-2 (55.00 g, crude) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 230.2 (M+H) +.
[0196] Step 2. Int-32-3
[0197] To a solution of Int-32-2 (5.00 g, 21.74 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were added iodomethane (3.70 g, 26.10 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.51 g, 32.60 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (40 mL*2) , followed by brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-32-3 (1.50 g, 6.15 mmol, 28.3%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 244.1 (M+H) +.
[0198] Step 3. Int-32
[0199] To a solution of Int-32-3 (800.0 mg, 3.28 mmol) in DMSO (16.0 mL) were added KOH (490.0 mg, 7.87 mmol) and 1, 4-diiodobutane (1.02 g, 3.28 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-32 (542.0 mg, 1.94 mmol, 59.0%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.25 –7.23 (m, 1H) , 7.21 –7.15 (m, 1H) , 6.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.42 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) , 2.19 –2.01 (m, 4H) , 2.01 –1.87 (m, 2H) , 1.86 –1.76 (m, 2H) . Example n: Synthesis of int-28, int-30 &int-31
[0200] Int-28, Int-30, Int-31, Int-33, Int-35, Int-36, Int-43, Int-46, Int-51 and Int-53 were prepared following the procedure for int-32. Example o: Synthesis of int-29
[0201] To a solution of 6-bromo-1-methyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-2-one (2.70 g, 10.11 mmol) in DMSO (60 mL) were added KOH (1.51 g, 24.26 mmol) and 1, 3-diiodopropane (3.59 g, 12.13 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction was poured into 300 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers was washed with water (200 mL*3) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-29 (520.0 mg, 1.95 mmol, 19.26%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 267.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.10 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.41 –4.35 (m, 2H) , 3.60 (s, 3H) , 2.65 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.15 –2.04 (m, 2H) . Example ai: Synthesis of int-49
[0202] Step 1: int-49-2
[0203] To a solution of int-49-1 (1.00 g, 4.76 mmol) inDMF (10 mL) was added NaH (286.0 mg, 7.14 mmol, 60%purity) at 0 ℃ in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hr. Then MeI (0.36 mL, 5.71 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for1 hr. After completion, the mixture was quenched by cold water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (60 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (60 mL*2) , followed by brine (60 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-49-2 (0.91 g, 4.05 mmol, 85%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 224.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.37 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (s, 3H) , 2.81 (s, 3H) .
[0204] Step 2: int-49-3
[0205] To a solution of int-49-2 (900.0 mg, 4.02 mmol) in t-BuOH (45 mL) was added PyHBr3 (5.98 g, 12.05 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction was poured into H2O (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*3) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was triturated to afford int-49-3 (1.26 g, 3.16 mmol, 79%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.50 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 (s, 3H) , 2.63 (s, 3H) .
[0206] Step 3: int-49-4
[0207] To a solution of int-49-3 (1.10 g, 2.76 mmol) inMeOH (11 mL) were added zinc (1.81 g, 27.6 mmol) , followed by AcOH (0.16 mL, 2.76 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was basified by saturated NaHCO3 solution (aq., 50 mL) to pH = 8, extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL*2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was triturated to afford int-49-4 (582.0 mg, 2.42 mmol, 87%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 240.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 (s, 2H) , 3.41 (s, 3H) , 2.61 (s, 3H) .
[0208] Step 4: int-49-5
[0209] To a solution of int-49-4 (500.0 mg, 2.08 mmol) and KOH (280.0 mg, 5.00 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) were added 2- ( (1, 3-dibromopropan-2-yl) oxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran (755.0 mg, 2.50 mmol) and DMSO (1 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-49-5 (690.0 mg, 1.72 mmol, 80%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.34 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.75 –4.58 (m, 2H) , 3.83 –3.74 (m, 1H) , 3.49 –3.39 (m, 4H) , 2.63 –2.55 (m, 5H) , 2.42 –2.34 (m, 1H) , 2.33 –2.26 (m, 1H) , 1.81 –1.71 (m, 1H) , 1.70 –1.61 (m, 1H) , 1.55 –1.43 (m, 4H) .
[0210] Step 5: int-49-6
[0211] To a solution of int-49-5 (670.0 mg, 1.76 mmol) in EtOH (7 ml) were added pyridinium toluene-4-sulphonate (443 mg, 1.762 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-49-6 (420.0 mg, 1.35 mmol, 74.3 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 296.0 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.36 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.51 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.40 (s, 3H) , 2.60 –2.54 (m, 5H) , 2.27 –2.19 (m, 2H) .
[0212] Step 6: int-49-7
[0213] To a solution of int-49-6 (450.0 mg, 1.52 mmol) in DCM (4.6 mL) were added dess-martin periodinane (967.0 mg, 2.28 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution (aq., 30 mL*3) , followed by brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-49-7 (344.0 mg, 1.17 mmol, 77.0%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.36 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.80 –3.72 (m, 2H) , 3.57 (s, 3H) , 3.31 –3.23 (m, 2H) , 2.69 (s, 3H) .
[0214] Step 7: int-49
[0215] To a solution of int-49-7 e (324.0 mg, 1.10 mmol) in DCM (3.4 ml) were added diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (0.74 ml, 5.53 mmol) dropwise at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated NaHCO3 solution (aq., 10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford int-49 (237.0 mg, crude) , which was used for next step directly without purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.52 (s, 3H) , 3.29 –3.19 (m, 2H) , 2.82 –2.71 (m, 2H) , 2.66 (s, 3H) . Example ai: Synthesis of int-47
[0216] Int-47 were prepared following the procedure for int-49. Example y: Synthesis of int-39-P1 &int-39-P2
[0217] Step 1: int-39-2
[0218] To a solution of int-39-1 (5.00 g, 21.74 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were added iodomethane (3.70 g, 26.10 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.51 g, 32.60 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (40 mL*2) , followed by brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-39-2 (1.50 g, 6.15 mmol, 28.3%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 244.1 (M+H) +.
[0219] Step 2: int-39-3
[0220] To a solution of int-39-2 (700.0 mg, 2.87 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) were added KOH (386.0 mg, 6.88 mmol) and 2- ( (1, 3-dibromopropan-2-yl) oxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran (1.04 g, 3.44 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction was quenched by water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-39-3 (600.0 mg, 1.56 mmol, 54.4 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 384.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.29 –7.24 (m, 1H) , 7.15 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.81 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.72 –4.66 (m, 1H) , 3.95 -3.91 (m, 1H) , 3.58 -3.51 (m, 1H) , 3.45 -3.43 (m, 3H) , 2.92 -2.81 (m, 2H) , 2.55 -2.47 (m, 1H) , 2.43 -2.37 (m, 1H) , 1.95 -1.85 (m, 1H) , 1.83 -1.75 (m, 1H) , 1.63 –1.57 (m, 4H) .
[0221] Step 3: int-39-4
[0222] To a solution of int-39-3 (600.0 mg, 1.56 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) were added pyridinium toluene-4-sulphonate (1.96 g, 7.81 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-39-4 (230.0 mg, 0.77 mmol, 49.1%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 300.0 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 -7.35 (m, 1H) , 7.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.43 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.55 -4.46 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) , 2.66 -2.58 (m, 2H) , 2.30 -2.23 (m, 2H) .
[0223] Step 4: int-39-P1, P2
[0224] To a solution of int-39-4 (200.0 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added NaH (40.0 mg, 1.00 mmol, 60%purity) and MeI (0.050 ml, 0.80 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (10 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL*2) , followed by brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-39 as two isomers.
[0225] P1: (150.0 mg, 0.48 mmol, 71.7 %yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.37 -7.33 (m, 1H) , 7.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.33 -4.19 (m, 1H) , 3.29 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) , 3.23 (s, 3H) , 2.70 -2.59 (m, 2H) , 2.32 -2.23 (m, 2H) .
[0226] P2: (30.0 mg, 0.095 mmol, 14.33 %) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.44 –7.24 (m, 2H) , 4.45 (p, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.30 (s, 3H) , 3.23 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 3H) , 2.45 –2.36 (m, 4H) . Example t: Synthesis of int-34-P1 &int-34-P2; int-38-P1 &int-38-P2
[0227] int-34-P1 &int-34-P2; int-38-P1 &int-38-P2 were prepared following the procedure for int-39-P1 &int-39-P2. Example w: Synthesis of int-37
[0228] To a solution of int-49-4 (800.0 mg, 3.33 mmol) in DMSO (16 ml) were added KOH (449.0 mg, 8.00 mmol) and 1-bromo-2- (2-bromoethoxy) ethane (773.0 mg, 3.33 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*2) . The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-37 (738.0 mg, 2.38 mmol, 71.4 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 310.0 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.99 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 –4.22 (m, 2H) , 3.92 –3.85 (m, 2H) , 3.50 (s, 3H) , 2.67 (s, 3H) , 1.93 –1.83 (m, 2H) , 1.76 –1.67 (m, 2H) . Example z: Synthesis of int-40, int-52
[0229] Int-40 &int-52 were prepared following the procedure for int-37. Example aa: Synthesis of int-41-P1 &int-41-P2
[0230] Step 1: int-41-2
[0231] To the solution of int-41-1 (1.00 g, 4.69 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added methacryloyl chloride (0.493 g, 4.69 mmol) and TEA (947 mg, 9.38 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried, filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified to give int-41-2 (1.00 g, 76%yield) . LC-MS: [ESI] [M+H] + = 282.0, tR = 1.25 min
[0232] Step 2: int-41-P1, P2
[0233] To the solution of int-41-2 (1.00 g, 3.54 mmol) was added AlCl3 (0.47 g, 3.54 mmol) and NaCl (0.21 g, 3.54 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 150℃ for 6 hr. The reaction was quenched by H2O (10 mL) and concentrated to give a crude, which was purification by Prep-HPLC (Xtimate C18, 21.2 *250 mm, 5 um; 37%to 67 %ACN in water, 0.1%FA) to give int-41-P1 (98 mg, 10%yield) , int-41-P2 (117 mg, 12%yield) .
[0234] int-41-P1: LC-MS: [ESI] [M+H] + = 284.0, tR = 1.69 min. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.14 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 6.73 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 –4.26 (m, 2H) , 3.94 –3.79 (m, 2H) , 1.40 (s, 6H) .
[0235] int-41-P2: LC-MS: [ESI] [M+H] + = 284.0, tR = 1.73 min. 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.98 –6.97 (m, 2H) , 4.32 –4.22 (m, 2H) , 3.89 –3.79 (m, 2H) , 1.40 (s, 6H) . Example aj: Synthesis of int-50 and int-58
[0236] Int-50 and int-58 were prepared following the procedure for int-41-P1. Example ab: Synthesis of int-42
[0237] To a solution of int-42-1 (3.20 g, 11.33 mmol) in DMF (32 mL) were added N-methylcyclopropanamine (0.97 g, 13.59 mmol) , DIEA (5.94 mL, 34.0 mmol) and HATU (5.17 g, 13.59 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into 150 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (150 mL) , followed by brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography to afford int-42 (3.12 g, 9.29 mmol, 82 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 336.1 [M+H] + . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.94 (s, 1H) , 7.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.98 (s, 3H) , 2.68 –2.65 (m, 1H) , 0.59 –0.39 (m, 4H) . Example ad: Synthesis of int-44
[0238] To a solution of 6-bromo-1-methylindolin-2-one (200.0 mg, 0.89 mmol) in DMSO (4 ml) were added KOH (248.0 mg, 4.42 mmol) and 1, 1-bis (bromomethyl) cyclobutane (514.0 mg, 2.12 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hr under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was quenched by water (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL*4) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified to afford int-44 (180.0 mg, 0.59 mmol, 66.4 %yield) s. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 306.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.19 (s, 1H) , 3.09 (s, 3H) , 2.49 –2.46 (m, 2H) , 2.27 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.22 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.13 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.83-1.76 (m, 2H) . Example ah: Synthesis of int-48
[0239] Step 1: int-48-2
[0240] A mixture of int-48-1 (18.00 g, 54.70 mmol, prepared according to Preparation 1 of WO2024137426A1) , 4, 4, 4', 4', 5, 5, 5', 5'-octamethyl-2, 2'-bi (1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane) (20.83 g, 82.00 mmol) , potassium acetate (10.73 g, 109.00 mmol) and PdCl2 (dppf) (4.00 g, 5.47 mmol) in dioxane (360 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 1000 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL*3) . The combined orgnic layers were washed with water (300 mL*2) , followed by brine (300 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-2 (14.70 g, 35.2 mmol, 64.3%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 377.3 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.72 (s, 1H) , 7.65 (s, 1H) , 7.51 –7.43 (m, 3H) , 7.42 –7.34 (m, 4H) , 5.30 (s, 1H) , 3.40 (s, 3H) , 1.25 (s, 12H) .
[0241] Step 2: int-48-3
[0242] A mixture of ethyl 4- (benzyloxy) -2- ( ( (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) oxy) cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylate (15.00 g, 38.00 mmol, prepared according to Example 429 of WO2019171277A1) in 1, 4-Dioxane (270 mL) and water (54.0 mL) were added int-48-2 (14.31 g, 38.0 mmol) , PdCl2 (dppf) (2.78 g, 3.80 mmol) and K2CO3 (15.77 g, 114 mmol) was degassed and purged with N2 for 2 mins and then stirred at 90 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 1000 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (300 mL) , followed by brine (300 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-3 (14.00 g, 26.70 mmol, 70.3%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 495.3 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.66 (s, 1H) , 7.50 –7.43 (m, 3H) , 7.39 -7.37 (m, 2H) , 7.36 –7.22 (m, 8H) , 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.48 (s, 2H) , 4.25 -4.19 (m, 1H) , 3.99 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.39 (s, 3H) , 3.13 (dd, J = 16.0, . 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.99 (dd, J = 16.0, . 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.88 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.76 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.02 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) .
[0243] Step 3: int-48-4
[0244] To a solution of int-48-3 (7.00 g, 14.15 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added LiBH4 (70.8 mL, 2 M in THF) dropwised at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by water (100 mL) at 25 ℃ and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-4 (1.00 g, 1.99 mmol, 14.1%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 453.2 (M+H) +.
[0245] Step 4: int-48-5
[0246] To a solution of int-48-4 (2.30 g, 5.08 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) were added Pd (OH) 2 / C (230.0 mg, 10%w / w) , Pd / C (230.0 mg, 10%w / w) and AcOH (0.30 ml, 5.08 mmol) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times and stirred at 40 ℃ for 6 hrs under H2 (15 Psi) . After completion, the resulting mixture was filtered through a celited pad and the cake was rinsed with MeOH (10 ml*5) . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-5 (1.40 g, 3.46 mmol, 68.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 365.2 (M+H) +.
[0247] Step 5: int-48-6
[0248] To a solution of int-48-5 (1.20 g, 3.29 mmol) in pyridine (24 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.75 g, 6.59 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 48 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-6 (170.0 mg, 0.49 mmol, 14.9 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 347.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.50 (s, 1H) , 7.52 –7.44 (m, 3H) , 7.41 –7.36 (m, 2H) , 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (s, 1H) , 7.06 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.23 (s, 1H) , 4.28 (s, 1H) , 3.38 (s, 3H) , 3.32 –3.27 (m, 3H) , 2.60 (brs, 1H) , 1.97 –1.84 (m, 1H) , 1.77 –1.66 (m, 3H) .
[0249] Step 6: int-48-7
[0250] To a solution of int-48-6 (330.0 mg, 0.95 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was added NaH (95.0 mg, 2.38 mmol, 60%purity) under N2 atomsphere. After being stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr under N2, bromoacetonitrile (0.14 mL, 1.91 mmol) was added dropwsied at 0 ℃, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL*2) , followed by brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-7 (390.0 mg, 1.01 mmol, 92 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 386.2 (M+H) +.
[0251] Step 7: int-48-8
[0252] To a solution of int-48-7 (340.0 mg, 0.88 mmol) in THF (3.4 ml) was added (R) -4-methyl-1, 3, 2-dioxathiolane 2, 2-dioxide (244 mg, 1.764 mmol) , followed by LiHMDS (3.6 mL, 1 M in THF) dropwised at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-8 (200.0 mg, 0.47 mmol, 53.3%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 426.2 (M+H) +.
[0253] Step 8: int-48-9
[0254] To a solution of int-48-8 (200.0 mg, 0.47 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added TEA (0.40 ml, 2.82 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (65.0 mg, 0.94 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 6 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (3 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified to afford int-48-9 (190.0 mg, 0.41 mmol, 88%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 459.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.23 (s, 1H) , 7.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.40 –7.21 (m, 6H) , 7.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.45 -5.92 (m, 2H) , 4.29 (s, 1H) , 3.46 (s, 3H) , 3.38 -3.33 (m, 2H) , 2.62 (s, 1H) , 2.02 -1.87 (m, 1H) , 1.78 -1.67 (m, 4H) , 1.63 -1.54 (m, 1H) , 1.49 –1.27 (m, 1H) , 1.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.04 -0.96 (m, 1H) .
[0255] Step 9: int-48-10
[0256] To a solution of int-48-9 (190.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added CDI (67.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) and DBU (0.06 mL, 0.41 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 10 mL of water and adjusted pH to 3~4, extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure give a residue, which was purified (SiO2, DCM: MeOH=20: 1 v / v) to afford int-48-10 (130.0 mg, 0.27 mmol, 64.8 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 483.1 (M-H) -. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.02 (brs, 1H) , 7.43 –7.23 (m, 7H) , 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.15 –5.88 (m, 1H) , 4.30 (s, 1H) , 3.51 –3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.38 –3.34 (m, 3H) , 3.30 –3.25 (m, 1H) , 2.03 –1.79 (m, 2H) , 1.78 –1.54 (m, 5H) , 1.39 –1.25 (m, 3H) .
[0257] Step 10: int-48-P1, P2
[0258] A solution of int-48-10 (120.0 mg, 0.25 mmol) in tBuOK solution (1 M in THF, 2 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL) . The aqueous phase was adjusted pH to 3~4 with diluted HCl solution (aq., 1 M) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL*4) . The combined organic layers dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was separated by chiral SFC (Column: ChiralPak IK, 250*30mm I. D., 10μm; Mobile phase: A for CO2 and B for ethanol (0.1%NH3*H2O) ; Gradient: B 25%; Flow rate: 120 mL / min; Back pressure: 100 bar; Column temperature: 38 ℃) to afford two isomers. (40 mg, 0.100 mmol, 40.74 %yield) .
[0259] P1: 20.0 mg, 0.05 mmol, 20.4 %yield. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 396.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.50 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.15 –7.02 (m, 2H) , 6.87 (s, 1H) , 4.33 (brs, 1H) , 3.38 –3.32 (m, 3H) , 2.67 (brs, 1H) , 2.04 –1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.82 –1.77 (m, 3H) , 1.75 –1.70 (m, 1H) , 1.67 –1.62 (m, 1H) , 1.50 –1.46 (m, 1H) , 1.43 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.14 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) .
[0260] P2: 40 mg, 0.100 mmol, 40.74 %yield. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 396.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.53 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.21 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 –6.94 (m, 2H) , 6.88 (s, 1H) , 4.34 (brs, 1H) , 3.40 –3.32 (m, 3H) , 2.67 (brs, 1H) , 2.06 –1.95 (m, 1H) , 1.85 –1.76 (m, 3H) , 1.75 –1.69 (m, 1H) , 1.68 –1.59 (m, 1H) , 1.52 –1.44 (m, 1H) , 1.42 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.14 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) Example ak: Synthesis of int-54
[0261] Step 1. Int-54-1
[0262] To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (2.44 g, 21.74 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added int-32-2 (1.00 g, 4.35 mmol) , copper (I) bromide-dimethyl sulfide complex (0.089 g, 0.435 mmol) and MeI (0.6 mL, 9.56 mmol) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction was poured into H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (60 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-54-1 (420.0 mg, 1.63 mmol, 37.4%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 258.1 [M+H] + 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.02 (s, 1H) , 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.27 (s, 6H) .
[0263] Step 2. Int-54-2
[0264] A mixture of int-16 (550.0 mg, 1.18 mmol) , int-54-1 (455.0 mg, 1.77 mmol) , (1R, 2R) -N1, N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1, 2-diamine (84.0 mg, 0.59 mmol) , K2CO3 (163.0 mg, 1.18 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (672.0 mg, 3.53 mmol) in NMP (5.5 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 mins. The resulting mixture was stirred at 130 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2 atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford int-54-2 (400.0 mg, 0.62 mmol, 52.7%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 645.4 [M+H] +
[0265] Step 3. Int-54-3
[0266] To a solution of int-54-2 (443.0 mg, 0.69 mmol) in DMF (4.5 mL) were added K2CO3 (285.0 mg, 2.06 mmol) and 3-iodopropan-1-ol (256.0 mg, 1.37 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 4 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL*2) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-54-3 (425.0 mg, 0.61 mmol, 88%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 703.4 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.13 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.06 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.02 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.95 (brs, 1H) , 5.40 –5.05 (m, 1H) , 4.52 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.83 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.66 –3.46 (m, 2H) , 3.44 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.21 (s, 6H) , 1.80 –1.70 (m, 2H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.37 –1.33 (m, 1H) , 1.31 (s, 6H) , 1.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.02 –0.94 (m, 2H) , 0.88 –0.81 (m, 1H) .
[0267] Step 3. Int-54
[0268] To a solution of int-54-3 (380.0 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMAc (15.5 mL) was added NaH (65.0 mg, 1.62 mmol, 60%purity) in portions under N2 atomsphere at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into 100 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*4) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-54 (367.0 mg, 0.54 mmol, 99%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 683.4 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.11 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.06 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 6.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.86 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.82 (brs, 1H) , 5.33 –5.08 (m, 1H) , 4.19 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.83 –3.73 (m, 2H) , 3.64 –3.45 (m, 2H) , 2.21 (s, 6H) , 2.16 –2.08 (m, 2H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.38 –1.33 (m, 1H) , 1.30 (s, 6H) , 1.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.01 –0.94 (m, 2H) , 0.89 –0.80 (m, 1H) . Example al: Synthesis of int-55, int-56, int-57, int-61, int-62
[0269] Int-55, int-56 were prepared following the procedure for int-27. Example al: Synthesis of int-59
[0270] Step 1. Int-59-2
[0271] The synthesis of int-59-1 was referred to example 282 of WO2025026270.
[0272] To a solution of Int-59-1 (5.00 g, 19.30 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added NaH (1.16 g, 28.90 mmol, 60%purity) at 0 ℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hr, and then MeI (1.20 mL, 19.30 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (400 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL*2) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-59-2 (1.72 g, 5.99 mmol, 31.0 %yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.56 (dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.74 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.36 –4.32 (m, 2H) , 1.99 –1.95 (m, 2H) , 1.27 (s, 6H) .
[0273] Step 2. Int-59-3
[0274] To a solution of Int-59-2 (1.79 g, 6.23 mmol) in dioxane (36.0 mL) was added hydrazinium hydroxide (3.67 g, 62.3 mmol, 85%purity) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 6 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (200 mL*2) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford Int-59-3 (1.80 g, crude) . LC-MS (ESI+) : 281.1 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.88 (brs, 1H) , 7.43 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.60 –4.55 (m, 2H) , 2.26 –2.20 (m, 2H) , 1.47 (s, 6H) .
[0275] Step 3. Int-59
[0276] To a solution of Int-59-3 (1.78 g, 6.33 mmol) in DMF (17.8 mL) was added sodium hydride (380.0 mg, 9.50 mmol, 60%purity) in portions under N2 at 0 ℃. After being stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hr, iodomethane-d3 (1.19 g, 8.23 mmol) was added dropwised at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-59 (1.32 g, 4.42 mmol, 69.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : 298.1 (M+H) + Example al: Synthesis of int-60 and int-66
[0277] Int-60 and int-66 were prepared following the procedure for int-59. Example al: Synthesis of int-65
[0278] Step 1. Int-65-1
[0279] To a solution of 1-hydroxypropan-2-one (16.00 g, 216.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (240 mL) was added ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate (90.00 g, 259.00 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ under N2 for 9 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (500 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-65-1 (16.0 g, crude) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.94 –5.86 (m, 1H) , 5.20 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.08 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.98 –3.92 (m, 2H) , 1.98 (s, 3H) , 1.20 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H) .
[0280] Step 2. Int-65-2
[0281] To a solution of Int-65-1 (15.00 g, 104.00 mmol) in MeOH (150 mL) was added Pd / C (1.50 g, 10%w / w) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times and stirred under H2 (15 psi) at 25 ℃ for 12 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture filtered through a celite pad and resin with MeOH (50 mL*2) . The filtrate was concentrated to afford Int-65-2 (13.0 g, crude) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 4.49 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.98 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.23 –3.09 (m, 2H) , 2.34 (dd, J = 12.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.99 –1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.11 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 0.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) . Step 3. Int-65-3
[0282] To a solution of 2-bromo-5-fluorophenol (500.0 mg, 2.62 mmol) and Int-65-2 (456.0 mg, 3.14 mmol) in THF (5 mL) were added triphenylphosphane (893.0 mg, 3.40 mmol) in portions, followed by DIAD (0.66 mL, 3.40 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-65-3 (470.0 mg, 1.47 mmol, 56.3%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.59 (dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.05 (dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (td, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.08 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.97 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.56 (dd, J = 16.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.42 –2.24 (m, 2H) , 1.18 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.05 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) .
[0283] Step 4. Int-65-4
[0284] To a solution of Int-65-3 (11.50 g, 36.00 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and water (50.0 ml) was added NaOH (4.32 g, 108 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was acidified with diluted HCl (4 M) to pH~3 and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated to afford Int-65-4 (10.3 g, crude) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 289.1 (M-H) -.
[0285] Step 5. Int-65-5
[0286] To a solution of Int-65-4 (10.30 g, 35.40 mmol) in Toluene (200 mL) was added polyphosphoric acid (180.0 g, 566.00 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 24 hrs . After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into ice (1000 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (500 mL*2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-65-5 (2.50 g, 9.15 mmol, 25.9%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.79 (dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.97 (t, J =8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (dd, J = 12.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 (dd, J = 12.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.92 (dd, J = 12.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.61 –2.50 (m, 2H) , 1.01 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H) .
[0287] Step 6. Int-65-6
[0288] To a solution of Int-65-5 (2.50 g, 9.15 mmol) in 1, 4-Dioxane (25 mL) was added hydrazinium hydroxide (4.58 g, 92.0 mmol, 85%purity) . The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 24 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-65-6 (2.00 g, 7.49 mmol, 82%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 267.1 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.92 (s, 1H) , 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.97 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.42 –4.25 (m, 2H) , 3.17 (dd, J = 16.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.83 (dd, J = 16.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.46 –2.31 (m, 1H) , 1.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) .
[0289] Step 7. Int-65
[0290] To a solution of Int-65-5 (1.00 g, 3.74 mmol) in DMF (10.0 ml) was added NaH (135.0 mg, 5.62 mmol, 60%purity) in portions under N2 at 0 ℃. After being stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr, a solution of iodomethane-d3 (705.0 mg, 4.87 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was added dropwised at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL*2) , followed by brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford Int-65. (243 mg) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 284.1 (M+H) +. Example am: Synthesis of int-67
[0291] Int-67 was prepared following the procedure for int-65. Example 1.1: Synthesis of Compound 001
[0292] Step 1. 001-2
[0293] To a solution of 1-bromo-2-chloro-3-nitrobenzene (4.00 g, 16.92 mmol) in THF (64 mL) was added vinylmagnesium bromide (68.0 mL, 68.0 mmol) dropwised at -60 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at -60 ℃ for 3 hrs under N2 atmosphere. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution (100 mL) at 0 ℃ and then extracted with EtOAc (150 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (150 mL*2) , followed by brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 3%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.85 g, 8.03 mmol, 47.4%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.62 (s, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.44 -7.42 (m, 1H) , 7.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 -6.54 (m, 1H) .
[0294] Step 2. 001-3
[0295] To a solution of 001-2 (1.85 g, 8.03 mmol) in DMF (37 mL) was added sodium hydride (482.0 mg, 12.04 mmol, 60%purity) in portions at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hr and then iodomethane (1.14 g, 8.03 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (150 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (150 mL*2) , followed by brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 2%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.80 g, 7.36 mmol, 92.0%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.39 -7.36 (m, 1H) , 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.49 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.09 (s, 3H) .
[0296] Step 3. 001-4
[0297] To a solution of 6-bromo-7-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indole (2.20 g, 9.00 mmol) in Dioxane (44 mL) was added PyHBr3 (8.63 g, 27.0 mmol) in portions and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 1.5 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) , basified with saturated NaHCO3 (aq. ) to pH=7~8 and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL *2) , followed by brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 10%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (1.50 g, 3.59 mmol, 39.9%yield) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 (s, 3H) .
[0298] Step 4. 001-5
[0299] To a solution of 001-4 (1.00 g, 2.39 mmol) in MeOH (12 mL) were added zinc powder (1.56 g, 23.91 mmol) and acetic acid (12 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad and rinsed with MeOH (5 mL*3) . The filtrate was poured into 50 mL of water, adjusted to pH = 8 with NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (70 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (80 mL*2) , followed by brine (80 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 20%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (480.0 mg, 1.84 mmol, 77%yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 260.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.41 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.60 (s, 2H) , 3.45 (s, 3H) .
[0300] Step 5. 001-6
[0301] To a solution of 001-5 (690.0 mg, 2.65 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) were added zinc (173.0 mg, 2.65 mmol) , DBU (1.96 mL, 7.95 mmol) and diphenyl (vinyl) sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (960 mg, 2.65 mmol) at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad and rinsed with DMF (3 mL*3) . The filtrate was poured into 50 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (60 mL*2) , followed by brine (60 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 15%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (510.0 mg, 1.78 mmol, 67.2%yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.41 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.95 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.55 (s, 3H) , 1.73 -1.67 (m, 2H) , 1.62 -1.58 (m, 2H) .
[0302] Step 6. 001-7
[0303] To a mixture of int-16 (220.0 mg, 0.47 mmol) and 001-6 (202.0 mg, 0.71 mmol) in NMP (2.2 mL) were added copper (I) iodide (179.0 mg, 0.94 mmol) , K2CO3 (195.0 mg, 1.41 mmol) and (1R, 2R) -N1, N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1, 2-diamine (67.0 mg, 0.47 mmol) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times and stirred at 130 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2 atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL *3) , followed by brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 30%) in petroleum ether and further purified by prep-HPLC (column: Welch Triart C18 250*21.2 mm*10 μm; mobile phase: [water (0.1%FA) -ACN] ; B%: 65%-85%, 20 min) to afford the title compound (30.0 mg, 0.05 mmol, 9.47%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 673.3 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.14 -7.07 (m, 4H) , 6.97 –6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.88 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.38 -5.03 (m, 1H) , 3.67 -3.45 (m, 5H) , 2.22 (s, 6H) , 1.77 -1.72 (m, 2H) , 1.66 -1.61 (m, 2H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.37 -1.33 (m, 1H) , 1.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.00 -0.94 (m, 2H) , 0.88 -0.80 (m, 1H) .
[0304] Step 7. 001-8
[0305] To a solution of 001-7 (60.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq., 50 mL*2) , followed by brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-TLC (SiO2, DCM / MeOH = 15 / 1, v / v) to afford the title compound (51.0 mg, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step directly without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 573.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.14 -6.98 (m, 4H) , 6.89 -6.78 (m, 2H) , 4.07 -4.00 (m, 1H) , 3.56 (s, 3H) , 3.06 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.72 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.22 (s, 6H) , 1.77 -1.70 (m, 2H) , 1.66 -1.59 (m, 2H) , 1.29 -1.22 (m, 1H) , 1.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.01 -0.95 (m, 1H) , 0.93 -0.86 (m, 1H) , 0.84 -0.77 (m, 1H) .
[0306] Step 8. 001
[0307] To a solution of int-17 (40.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMF (1.2 mL) were added 001-8 (51.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) , HATU (55.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) and DIEA (0.05 mL, 0.29 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 12 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL *3) , the combined organic layers were washed with water (40 mL *3) , brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-TLC (SiO2, DCM / MeOH=15 / 1, v / v) to afford the title compound (50.0 mg, 0.05 mmol, 51.9%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 966.4 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.58 (brs, 1H) , 7.61 –7.44 (m, 1H) , 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.19 –6.53 (m, 7H) , 5.88 –5.16 (m, 1H) , 4.18 –3.86 (m, 1H) , 3.84 –3.61 (m, 3H) , 3.60 –3.37 (m, 3H) , 3.07 –2.97 (m, 1H) , 2.23 (s, 6H) , 1.80 –1.59 (m, 9H) , 1.58 –1.44 (m, 5H) , 1.43 –1.31 (m, 3H) , 1.30 –1.26 (m, 4H) , 1.18 (s, 3H) , 1.14 –1.03 (m, 2H) , 0.98 –0.89 (m, 1H) .
[0308] The compounds in Table 3 were prepared according to the synthetic procedure for Compound 001 using the corresponding starting materials. Table 3 Example 1.2: Compound 011
[0309] Compound 011 was prepared with similar procedure for compound 001.
[0310] LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 1006.5 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.57 (brs, 1H) , 7.64 –7.44 (m, 1H) , 7.32 –7.12 (m, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.06 –6.61 (m, 6H) , 5.89 –5.16 (m, 1H) , 4.18 –3.87 (m, 3H) , 3.85 –3.63 (m, 3H) , 3.41 (brs, 3H) , 3.08 –2.97 (m, 1H) , 2.23 (s, 6H) , 1.79 –1.65 (m, 6H) , 1.63 –1.47 (m, 5H) , 1.45 –1.35 (m, 4H) , 1.33 –1.23 (m, 11H) , 1.21 –1.16 (m, 4H) , 1.14 –1.02 (m, 2H) , 0.97 –0.85 (m, 4H) . Example 1.3: Compound 075
[0311] Step 1.075-2
[0312] To a solution of int-16 (300.0 mg, 0.64 mmol) and 4-bromobenzonitrile (117.0 mg, 0.64 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (3 mL) were added (1R, 2R) -N1, N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1, 2-diamine (37.0 mg, 0.26 mmol) , CuI (25.0 mg, 0.13 mmol) and Cesium carbonate (627.0 mg, 1.93 mmol) . The resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times and stirred at 110 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2 atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into 10 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL*2) , followed by brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 50%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (336.0 mg, 0.59 mmol, 92.0 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 569.2 (M+H) +.
[0313] Step 2.075-3
[0314] To a solution of 075-2 (336.0 mg, 0.59 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and water (1 mL) were added NaOH (118.0 mg, 2.95 mmol) , followed by H2O2 (3 mL, 29.38 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hrs. After completion, the reaction was poured into 30 mL of water and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL*2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate (from 0%to 50%) in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (260.0 mg, 0.44 mmol, 75.0%yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 587.4 (M+H) +.
[0315] Step 3.075-4
[0316] To a mixture of 075-3 (380.0 mg, 0.65 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added HCl solution (5 mL, 4 M in EtOAc) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the mixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was diluted with MeOH (10 mL) and added ammonia solution (2 mL, 7 M in methanol) . The organic layer was concentrated to afford the title compound (410 mg, crude) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 487.2 (M+H) +.
[0317] Step 4.075
[0318] To a solution of int-17 (50.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) and 075-4 (56.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by water (10 mL) and extracted by EtOAc (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL*3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Welch Triart C18 250 × 21.2 mm × 10 um; mobile phase: [water (0.1%FA) -ACN] ; B%: 60%-80%, 20 min) to afford the title compound (0.4 mg, 0.455 μmol, 0.374 %yield) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 878.4 [M-H] + Example 2.1: cAMP assay
[0319] The changes of cAMP in human GLP-1 cells (cAMP HunterTM CHO-K1 GLP1R Gs Cell Line, Supplier: Eurofins, Catalog Number: 95-0062C2) were measured by LANCE Ultra cAMP Kit to evaluate the in vitro activity of compounds on human GLP-1 receptor.
[0320] Experimental Methods:
[0321] 1. Cell Thawing
[0322] 1) Pre-warm complete medium (DMEM / F12+10%FBS+500 μg / mL G418) in a 37 ℃ water bath for 30 minutes.
[0323] 2) Remove the GLP-1 cells from the liquid nitrogen tank, quickly thaw them in a 37 ℃ water bath, transfer the cell suspension to a 15 mL centrifuge tube with a pipette, and add 6 mL of complete culture medium.
[0324] 3) After centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 4 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, cell precipitation was resuspended in 5 mL complete medium, and transferred to a T75 culture flask. 10mL of the assay complete medium was added into a T75 flask and incubated at 37 ℃ and 5%CO2.
[0325] 4) Maintain the cells in culture until they are 80%confluent.
[0326] 2. Cell Propagation
[0327] 1) Remove the T75 flask from the cell culture incubator and place in a sterile tissue culture hood.
[0328] 2) Gently aspirate media from the T75 flask.
[0329] 3) Add 5 mL DPBS into the T75 flask, very gently tip the flask side to side allowing PBS to cover the entire surface of the flask to rinse the cells. Gently aspirate DPBS from flask.
[0330] 4) Add 2 mL of 0.25%Trypsin-EDTA to the T75 flask. Gently rock the flask back and forth to ensure the surface of the flask is completely covered with trypsin.
[0331] 5) Incubate the flask at 37℃ and 5%CO2 for 2 to 3 minutes or until the cells have detached.
[0332] 6) Add 5 mL of complete culture medium to the T75 flask. Using a pipette, gently rinse the cells from the surface of the flask with the added media.
[0333] 7) Fill a new T75 flask with complete culture medium until the total volume equals 12 mL for T75 flasks, and add 1 mL cell suspension to the media in the flask. Transfer flask to a tissue culture incubator and incubate cells for 24 hours at 37℃ and 5%CO2.
[0334] 8) The cells were passed for twice and then used for the cell experiment.
[0335] 3. Compound Treatment
[0336] Compounds were prepared with DMSO to a stock concentration of 10 mM. Reference compound Exendin-4 was prepared with DMSO to a stock concentration of 5 mM.
[0337] The starting concentration of the compounds was 10 μM, 3-fold dilution, 10 concentration points, and duplicate. The 100 nL compounds were transferred to the 384-well plate using Echo.
[0338] 4. Cell Culture
[0339] 1) GLP-1 stable cell lines were removed from the incubator, and the cell status was observed. When the cell density reached 80%~90%, the medium was abandoned and the cells were washed with 5 mL DPBS.
[0340] 2) DPBS was removed, followed by the addition of 2 mL 0.25%Trypsin-EDTA, then the cells was incubated in 37 ℃ for 2-5 min.
[0341] 3) 10 mL complete culture medium was added into plates, and then the cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 4 min, followed by the remove of the supernatant.
[0342] 4) The density of cell suspension was adjusted to 1000 cells / well by Stimulation Buffer. TABLE 5 Stimulation Buffer
[0343] 5. Reaction
[0344] 1) Transfer 10μl of cell solution to 384-well plate.
[0345] 2) Centrifuge at 600 rpm for 3 minutes and incubate 60 minutes at room temperature.
[0346] 3) Add 5μL 4X Eu-cAMP tracer solution and 5μL 4X ULightTM-anti-cAMP solution to 384-well plate. TABLE 6 Detection reagent
[0347] 4) Centrifuge at 600rpm for 3 minutes and incubate 60 minutes at room temperature.
[0348] cAMP signal was detected with Envision. GraphPad Prism (version 6.0) was used for the data analysis.
[0349] 6. Detection of agonist activity in vitro:
[0350] Plot the concentration value of the compound as the abscissa and the activity as the ordinate. Fit the data in GraphPad 6.0 to obtain EC50 values. Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogEC50-X) *HillSlope) ) Table 7 EC50: 0 < A ≤ 10 nM; 10 nM < B ≤ 50 nM; 50 nM < C ≤ 100 nM; 100 nM < D ≤ 200 nM
[0351] Other compounds disclosed herein also show GLP-1R agonist activity. Compounds disclosed herein suggested cyclopropane substitution at certain position is important for GLP-1R agonist activity. Compounds disclosed herein also suggested certain polycyclic structure (e.g., spiro-fused structure at certain position) is important for GLP-1R agonist activity. Example 3.1: Pharmacokinetic profile evaluation
[0352] Three cynomolgus monkeys were intravenously administrated with given compounds or orally gavage administrated with given compounds. The blood samples were taken at timepoints 0.083 h, 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after intravenous (iv) administration or at timepoints 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6h, 8 h, and 24 h after oral gavage administration. Blood samples were placed in tubes containing K2-EDTA and stored on ice until centrifuged. The blood samples were centrifuged within 1 h after collected and stored frozen at approximately -80 ℃. The analytical results were confirmed using quality control samples for intra-assay variation. The accuracy of >66.7%of the quality control samples should be between 80 -120%of the known value (s) . Standard set of parameters including Area Under the Curve (AUC (0-t) ) , maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) , elimination half-life (T1 / 2) will be calculated using noncompartmental analysis modules in FDA certified pharmacokinetic program.
[0353] The data for Example 3.1 is shown in Table 8. Table 8. Monkey PK profile
[0354] Compared to compound 67 in WO2018056453, compounds disclosed herein showed better monkey pharmacokinetic profiles. Example 4.1: In vivo Efficacy Study
[0355] 6 weeks-old male C57BL / 6J-hGLP1R mice are fed with HFD (D12492i, Research Diets, Inc, Rodent Diet With 60 kcal%Fat) until the age of 26-28 weeks. Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) mice with body weight ~55 g are selected for the efficacy study.
[0356] 1) 35 mice receive a mock P. O. dosing with vehicle solution from Day -9 to Day 0, at a dose volume of 5 mL / kg. Mice with body weights that have not stabilized by the end of the dosing acclimation are removed from the study.
[0357] 2) Baseline body weight is measured daily during acclimation. Food intake is measured from Day -4 to Day 0.
[0358] 3) Animals are divided into different groups (n=7) based on body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and fat mass on Day 0.
[0359] Animals are dosed with vehicle or test articles between 9-11am each day from Day 1 to Day 28.
[0360] Day 1-Day 28: Body weight and food intake are recorded daily.
[0361] Compounds disclosed herein show excellent effects on reduction of the body weight and inhibition of the food intake for DIO GLP-1R humanized mice.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I-1-2) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein:Y1 is -C (=O) -, -C (Ra) 2-, or -S (=O) 2-;Ring A is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more RA;each RA is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, SF5, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more RA1;each RA1 is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy;Y2 is -Y2a-Y2b-Y2c-;each of Y2a and Y2c is a bond or alkyl;Y2b is alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl;T is -C (=O) O (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -alkyl, -C (=O) N (Rb) C (=O) (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -S (=O) (Rb) , -C (=O) N (Rb) -S (=O) 2 (Rb) , heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more RT;Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl,m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;R3 is hydrogen or RX;each RX is independently halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy or alkoxyalkyl;each RXX is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl;Q is cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RQ;Z1 is a bond, -N (Rc) -, -N (Rc) -alkyl-, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -, -N (Rc) -C (=O) -N (Rc) -, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, cyano, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkoxy;Z2 is 9-to -10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 11-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, 12-to 16-membered tricyclic heteroaryl, 14-to 18-membered tetracyclic heteroaryl or pentacyclic heteroaryl, wherein each heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more RZ; provided that Z2 is noteach RT is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl;each RQ is independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, haloalkyl, or alkyl;each RZ is independently halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, oxo, alkyl, SF5, haloalkyl, alkoxy, -alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -N (Rd) 2, -C (=O) N (Rd) 2, -S (=O) (Rd) , -S (=O) 2 (Rd) , or -P (=O) (Rd) 2, wherein the alkyl, alkoxyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy;or two RZ together with the same atom to which they are both attached form a C2-C6 alkylidenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, SF5, haloalkyl, alkyl or alkoxy;each of Ra, Rb and Rc is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;or two Ra taken together with the same atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl;each Rd is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; andq is any integer of 1-3.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q is phenyl or each optionally substituted with one or more RQ.3.The compound of claims 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein T is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more RT.4.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein T is selected from oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolonyl, thiadiazolonyl, triazolyl, dihydrotriazolyl, or dihydrotriazolonyl, each optionally substituted with one or more RT.5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each RT is independently oxo, halogen or alkyl.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein T is 7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 1.8.The compound of any one of claims 1-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A is a bicyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more RA.9.The compound of any one of claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A is selected from the group consisting of: each optionally substituted with one or more RA.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each RA is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein the cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more RA1.11.The compound of any one of claims 1-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring A is wherein * end of Ring A is connected to Y1.12.The compound of any one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y1 is -C (=O) -or 13.The compound of any one of claims 1-12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more group selected from alkyl or heteroaryl.14.The compound of any one of claims 1-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y2 is 15.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is C1-6 alkyl.16.The compound of any one of claims 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ring C is C3-7 cycloalkyl.17.The compound of any one of claims 1-16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each RXX is independently halogen, hydroxy, oxo, or C1-3alkyl.18.The compound of any one of claims 1-17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z1 is selected from the group consisting of:a bond, wherein theare optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or haloalkyl,p1 is any integer of 1-3;p2 is any integer of 0-10;p3 is any integer of 0-10;Rza is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, or (C1-6 alkyl) carbonyl;Rzb and Rzc are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl or C2-6 alkynyl; and* end of Z1 is connected to Z2.19.The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is 9-to -10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more RZ.20.The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is 11-membered tricyclic heteroaryl substituted with oxo, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more RZ.21.The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is 12-to 16-membered tricyclic heteroaryl, 14-to 18-membered tetracyclic heteroaryl or pentacyclic heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more RZ.22.The compound of any one of claims 1-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each RZ is independently halogen, alkyl, oxo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, -alkylcycloalkyl, -N (Rd) 2, -C (=O) N (Rd) 2, -S (=O) 2 (Rd) , -P (=O) (Rd) 2, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, alkyl or alkoxy.23.The compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each RZ is independently -CH3, oxo, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CH2OCH3, -F, -Cl, -OCH3, -OCHF2, -NH (CH3) , -C (=O) N (CH3) 2, -S (=O) 2 (cyclopropyl) or -P (=O) (CH2CH3) 2.24.The compound of any one of claims 1-19 and 22-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is 25.The compound of any one of claims 1-18 and 21-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is selected from 26.The compound of any one of claims 1-18 and 22-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is selected from 27.The compound of any one of claims 1-18 and 21-23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is selected from 28.The compound of any one of claims 1-27 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is selected from 29.The compound of any one of claims 1-28 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (I-4) : wherein n1 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.30.A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from any compound set forth in Table 2.1, Table 2.2, Table 2.3.31.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.32.A method of treating or preventing a GLP-1 associated disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1-30 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 31.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the GLP-1 associated disease or disorder is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) , hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes) , diabetic complication, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, brain infarction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Parkinson’s disease or dementia.