Bit-level interleaving within code blocks using multiple modulation orders across layers
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078419
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
Smart Images

Figure CN2025078419_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BIT-LEVEL INTERLEAVING WITHIN CODE BLOCKS USING MULTIPLE MODULATION ORDERS ACROSS LAYERSINTRODUCTION
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some implementations, examples are described for bit-level interleaving for code block (CB) bit sequences associated with multiple modulation orders within the same CB.
[0002] Wireless communications systems are deployed to provide various telecommunication services, including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, among others. Wireless communications systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G) , a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G networks) , a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service, a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , WiMax) , and a fifth-generation (5G) service (e.g., New Radio (NR) ) . There are presently many different types of wireless communications systems in use, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular Analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) , and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) , etc.SUMMARY
[0003] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.
[0004] Disclosed are systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communication. According to at least one illustrative example, a network entity for wireless communication is provided. The network entity includes a processing system, where the processing system is configured to: obtain a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determine, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generate, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and output a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0005] In another example, a method for wireless communication is provided, the method including: obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and outputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0006] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to: obtain a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determine, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generate, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and output a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0007] In another example, an apparatus is provided for wireless communication. The apparatus includes: means for obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; means for determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; means for generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and means for outputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0008] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0009] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0010] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
[0011] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.
[0012] The foregoing, together with other features and aspects, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof. So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with some examples;
[0015] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a design of a base station and a User Equipment (UE) device that enable transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some examples;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station, in accordance with some examples;
[0017] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of a user equipment (UE) , in accordance with some examples;
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with some examples;
[0019] FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a row-column interleaver that can be used for bit-level row-column interleaving within a code block (CB) , in accordance with some examples;
[0020] FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission scheme including rate matching bit interleaving before modulation and layer mapping, in accordance with some examples;
[0021] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of bit-level interleaving configured for CBs using multiple modulation orders across layers, in accordance with some examples;
[0022] FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a maximum modulation order across layers, in accordance with some examples;
[0023] FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration with a random interleaver between bit selection and bit interleaving, in accordance with some examples;
[0024] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a sum of modulation orders across layers and with row reordering based on a configured pattern or random row permutation per column, in accordance with some examples;
[0025] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a sum of modulation orders across layers and with row reordering based on bit-level bit-interleaved coded modulation (BCIM) capacity, in accordance with some examples;
[0026] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a greatest common divisor of the modulation orders across layers, and where modulation for layers can be based on an interlaced order and / or column reordering, in accordance with some examples;
[0027] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a greatest common divisor of the modulation orders across layers, and where modulation for layers is based on a sequential order, in accordance with some examples;
[0028] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where bit interleaving is performed for groups of layers with the same modulation order, in accordance with some examples;
[0029] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the bit-level interleaving configuration of FIG. 13, using a mapping scheme where bits of a CB are mapped to sequentially to the interleavers corresponding to different groups of layers with different modulation order values, in accordance with some examples;
[0030] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the bit-level interleaving configuration of FIG. 13, using a mapping scheme where bits of a CB are mapped across the interleavers corresponding to different groups of layers with different modulation order values, in accordance with some examples;
[0031] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for wireless communication, in accordance with some examples; and
[0032] FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system, in accordance with some examples.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Certain aspects of this disclosure are provided below for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure. Some of the aspects described herein may be applied independently and some of them may be applied in combination as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of aspects of the application. However, it will be apparent that various aspects may be practiced without these specific details. The figures and description are not intended to be restrictive.
[0034] The ensuing description provides example aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the example aspects will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an example aspect. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the scope of the application as set forth in the appended claims.
[0035] Wireless communication networks can be deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, any combination thereof, or other communication services. A wireless communication network may support both access links and sidelinks for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a station (STA) , or other client device) and a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G / NR, a 3GPP eNB for 4G / LTE, a Wi-Fi access point (AP) , or other base station) . For example, an access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc. An example of an access link is a Uu link or interface (also referred to as an NR-Uu) between a 3GPP gNB and a UE.
[0036] A wireless device may support interleaving using one or more interleavers, for example based on one or more interleaving functions, schemes, configurations, patterns, etc. In some examples, interleaving can be performed to rearrange (e.g., re-order, re-sequence, etc. ) an input sequence of coded bits for mapping across one or more modulation symbols. Interleaving of inputs comprising a plurality of bits arranged in a first sequence (e.g., also referred to as a bit sequence or input sequence of bits, etc. ) can be performed before mapping the bits to modulation symbols of the constellation diagram. For example, the mapping between bits and modulation symbols can be based on the order (e.g., sequence) used to arrange the bits for the bits-to-symbols mapping. Performing the bits-to-symbols mapping using the non-interleaved, input sequence can correspond to a different set of modulation symbols than when performing the bits-to-symbols mapping using the interleaved sequence obtained from an interleaver that performs bit-level interleaving over the input sequence. Interleaving can be used to rearrange the input sequence of coded bits across the modulation symbols to improve frequency diversity, increase resilience against burst errors, etc., and may be based on spreading adjacent bits of the input sequence over different transmission resources separated in frequency and / or time.
[0037] As used herein, an interleaver may, in some aspects, refer to an interleaving engine and / or an interleaving function, including various functions configured to receive an input comprising a plurality of discrete units (e.g., bits or groups of bits, in the time domain; tones, sub-carriers, modulated symbols, etc., within the frequency domain) arranged in a first sequence (e.g., a first order of the plurality of discrete units) , and configured to generate an output comprising the same plurality of discrete units arranged in a second sequence (e.g., a second order) that is different from the first sequence.
[0038] A wireless device may support Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission schemes to perform transmission using multiple independent data streams (e.g., layers) that may be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas or antenna ports of the wireless device. Multi-layer MIMO can be used to refer to spatial multiplexing of the multiple data streams onto a corresponding set of multiple transmission layers (e.g., spatial layers) . In some examples, a wireless device configured for multi-layer MIMO transmission schemes may use multiple layers to transmit the coded bits of a single code block (CB) . For example, a first portion of the CB can comprise a first subset of coded bits within the CB that are associated with transmission over a first layer, a second portion of the CB can comprise a second subset of coded bits within the CB that are associated with transmission over a second layer, etc.
[0039] Multiple different transmission layers can be associated with the same CB, and each transmission layer may be associated with respective transmission parameters, channel conditions, etc. For example, different layers associated with the same CB can be configured with a different modulation coding scheme (MCS) , based on the layer signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , among various other parameters or conditions. Different MCSs can correspond to different modulation orders for transmissions over the respective layers corresponding to the coded bits within a single CB. In some examples, different modulation orders per layer can also correspond to different symbol lengths for transmissions using a particular one of the multiple layers corresponding to a CB (e.g., where the symbol length refers to the number of coded bits mapped to each modulation symbol of the constellation diagram according to the MCS and modulation order, etc. ) .
[0040] Bit-level interleaving performed using a rectangular interleaver (e.g., also referred to as a block interleaver and / or a row-column interleaver, etc. ) can be implemented within a code block at the output of the rate matcher, where an input bit sequence (e.g., the plurality of coded bits of a CB, or a portion thereof, etc. ) is written in sequential order starting from the top left of the rectangular interleaver and proceeding horizontally across rows within the interleaver until ending at the bottom right of the interleaver. The input bit sequence is written to the block (e.g., rectangular) interleaver horizontally by row, and an interleaved bit sequence can then be obtained (e.g., read) from the interleaver vertically by column. The row-column dimensions of a rectangular interleaver configured for bit-level interleaving can be implemented based on an interleaving configuration. In some examples, the interleaving configuration is indicative of a number of rows for the rectangular interleaver dimensions, where the indicated number of rows is equal to the modulation order for the CB.
[0041] Bit-level interleaving configurations for rectangular (e.g., row-column, block, etc. ) interleavers that indicate a number of interleaving rows equal to the modulation order of a CB associated with the input bit sequence to the interleaver do not support layer-specific modulation orders for multiple transmission layers within a CB. For example, bit-level interleaving configurations that determine the number of interleaving rows as equal to the CB modulation order do not support interleaving for CBs used in a MIMO transmission scheme where a CB may be configured for transmission using multiple transmission layers having different MCSs and modulation orders.
[0042] There is a need for systems and techniques that can be used to implement row-column interleavers configured to perform bit-level interleaving for a plurality of coded bits of a CB that is associated with multiple different modulation orders. There is a further need for systems and techniques that can be used to implement and configure row-column interleavers for bit-level interleaving across a set of transmission layers associated with a CB, where the configuration of a row-column interleaver indicates a number of interleaving rows determined based on the set of respective values of the different modulation orders for the transmission layers associated with the CB.
[0043] Systems, apparatuses, processes (also referred to as methods) , and computer-readable media (collectively referred to as “systems and techniques” ) are described herein that can be used to provide code-block bit interleaving using a rectangular interleaver configured to implement a number of interleaving rows determined based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders for the different transmission layers within the CB. For example, the systems and techniques can be used to provide an interleaving configuration for a rectangular interleaver to support layer-specific modulation orders, including layer-specific modulation orders associated with MIMO transmission schemes. In some examples, the interleaving configuration can indicate a number of rows configured for the rectangular interleaver (e.g., row-column interleaver) , where the number of rows is equal to the maximum value of modulation orders across the set of transmission layers for the CB. For example, the set of transmission layers for the CB can correspond to one or more modulation orders with different values. The maximum value modulation order corresponding to at least one transmission layer within the set of transmission layers for the CB can be used as the number of rows for bit-level interleaving by the row-column interleaver. One or more padded bits may be added to the interleaved output of the bit interleaver, where the one or more padded bits are added to fill the row x column grid when the interleaver uses the configured number of rows equal to the maximum value modulation order.
[0044] In some cases, the bit-level interleaver can be a row-column interleaver, and the systems and techniques can determine an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of interleaver rows that is equal to a sum of the modulation orders across the set of transmission layers for the CB. For example, the sum of modulation orders can be a sum of each unique modulation order corresponding to a layer within the set of layers for the CB. In some cases, the sum of modulation orders can be a sum of the respective modulation order corresponding to each layer within the set of layers for the CB. The number of coded bits in the CB (e.g., the number of coded bits included in the plurality of coded bits input to the row-column interleaver, etc. ) can be an integer multiple of the sum of modulation orders across layers, and the integer multiple may correspond to the number of columns configured in the row-column interleaver. Based on the number of rows being equal to the sum of modulation orders across the set of transmission layers for the CB, and based on the number of coded bits being an integer multiple of the number of rows, the interleaved sequence can be generated without using padded bits added to the output interleaved bit sequence of the row-column interleaver. Modulation across layers can be performed within respective columns of the row-column interleaver, followed by mapping to the set of the transmission layers for the CB.
[0045] In some examples, the bit-level interleaver can be a row-column interleaver configured using an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of interleaver rows equal to the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the respective set of values for the different modulation orders across the set of transmission layers for the CB. For example, the GCD for the different modulation orders can be the largest value that is included in an integer multiple for all of the modulation orders. In some cases, the number of coded bits in the CB can be an integer multiple of the greatest common divisor of the modulation orders across layers, and no padded bits are added to the interleaved bit sequence output by the row-column interleaver configured with a number of interleaving rows equal to the greatest common divisor of the multiple modulation orders across the layers of the CB.
[0046] Further aspects of the systems and techniques will be described with respect to the figures.
[0047] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0048] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “network entity” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) , unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, and / or tracking device, etc. ) , wearable (e.g., smartwatch, smart-glasses, wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset) , vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc. ) , aircraft (e.g., an airplane, jet, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone, helicopter, airship, glider, etc. ) , and / or Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN) . As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT, ” a “client device, ” a “wireless device, ” a “subscriber device, ” a “subscriber terminal, ” a “subscriber station, ” a “user terminal” or “UT, ” a “mobile device, ” a “mobile terminal, ” a “mobile station, ” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc. ) , and so on.
[0049] A network entity can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., with an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP) , a network node, a NodeB (NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a next generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB) , etc. A base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc. ) . A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, or a forward traffic channel, etc. ) . The term traffic channel (TCH) , as used herein, can refer to either an uplink, reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.
[0050] The term “network entity” or “base station” (e.g., with an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term “network entity” or “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term “network entity” or “base station” refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (e.g., a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (e.g., a remote base station connected to a serving base station) . Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals (e.g., or simply “reference signals” ) the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station.
[0051] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for UEs) , but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and / or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs) .
[0052] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, be, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, a processing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote unit (RU) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network node may be a UE. As another example, a network node may be a base station or network entity. As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, processing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, processing system, or the like being a network node. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, the first network node may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first processing system, a first one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second processing system, a second one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0053] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, a processing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network of the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. 1. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network.
[0054] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0055] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, network node, apparatus, device, computing system, processing system or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, network node, apparatus, device, computing system, processing system or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first processing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second processing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0056] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0057] In some examples, the network entity 102 may include a processing system (e.g., such as the processing system 470 of FIG. 4 and / or the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17, etc. ) . Similarly, the network entity 180 (e.g., a millimeter wave (mmW) base station, etc. ) may include a respective processing system (e.g., such as the processing system 470 of FIG. 4 and / or the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17, etc. ) . A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system including one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein) . For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0058] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0059] An RF signal comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
[0060] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein will be discussed below with respect to the figures. According to various aspects, FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100. The wireless communications system 100 (e.g., which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) can include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as “network entities” or “network nodes. ” One or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 can be implemented in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 can include macro cell base stations (e.g., high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (e.g., low power cellular base stations) . In an aspect, the macro cell base station may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a long-term evolution (LTE) network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
[0061] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC) ) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., which may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170) . In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired and / or wireless.
[0062] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like) , and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI) , a virtual cell identifier (VCI) , a cell global identifier (CGI) ) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector) , insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
[0063] While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region) , some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102'may have a coverage area 110'that substantially overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) .
[0064] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (e.g., also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (e.g., also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 may be provided using one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink) .
[0065] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., one or more of the base stations 102, UEs 104, etc. ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be implemented based on combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0066] A transmitting device and / or a receiving device (e.g., such as one or more of base stations 102 and / or UEs 104) may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station 102 (e.g., or other transmitting device) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 104 (e.g., or other receiving device) . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by base station 102 (or other transmitting device) multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 102 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station 102, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 104) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 102.
[0067] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 102 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 104) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 104 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 102 in different directions and may report to the base station 102 an indication of the signal that the UE 104 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0068] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 102 or a UE 104) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station 102 to a UE 104, from a transmitting device to a receiving device, etc. ) . The UE 104 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station 102 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) , etc. ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 104 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 102, a UE 104 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 104) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0069] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 104) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station 102, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 Gigahertz (GHz) ) . When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 can include devices (e.g., UEs, etc. ) that communicate with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc., utilizing the ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum can range from 3.1 to 10.5 GHz.
[0071] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE and / or 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA) , or MulteFire.
[0072] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, a DU, a RU, a Near-RT RIC, or a Non-RT RIC) . Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (e.g., transmit and / or receive) over an mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.
[0073] In some aspects relating to 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UEs 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges, FR1 (e.g., from 450 to 6,000 Megahertz (MHz) ) , FR2 (e.g., from 24,250 to 52,600 MHz) , FR3 (e.g., above 52,600 MHz) , and FR4 (e.g., between FR1 and FR2) . In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell, ” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCells. ” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case) . A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (e.g., whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency and / or component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell, ” “serving cell, ” “component carrier, ” “carrier frequency, ” and the like can be used interchangeably.
[0074] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell” ) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ( “SCells” ) . In carrier aggregation, the base stations 102 and / or the UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier up to a total of Yx MHz (e.g., x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other on the frequency spectrum. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser quantity of carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink) . The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (e.g., 40 MHz) , compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
[0075] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, a base station 102 and / or a UE 104 can be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, a UE 104 may have two receivers, “Receiver 1” and “Receiver 2, ” where “Receiver 1” is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (e.g., carrier frequency) ‘X’ or band ‘Y, ’ and “Receiver 2” is a one-band receiver tunable to band ‘Z’ only. In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X, ’ band ‘X’ would be referred to as the PCell or the active carrier frequency, and “Receiver 1” would need to tune from band ‘X’ to band ‘Y’ (e.g., an SCell) in order to measure band ‘Y’ (and vice versa) . In contrast, whether the UE 104 is being served in band ‘X’ or band ‘Y, ’ because of the separate “Receiver 2, ” the UE 104 can measure band ‘Z’ without interrupting the service on band ‘X’ or band ‘Y. ’
[0076] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and / or the mmW base station 180 over an mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
[0077] The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (e.g., referred to as “sidelinks” ) . In the example of FIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity) . In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D) , Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D) , and so on.
[0078] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture 200 of a base station 102 and a UE 104 that enables transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Example architecture 200 includes components of a base station 102 and a UE 104, which may be one of the base stations 102 and one of the UEs 104 illustrated in FIG. 1. Base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.
[0079] At base station 102, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based on the MCS (s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and / or the like) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, and / or the like) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. The modulators 232a through 232t are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD) . In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and / or the like) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator of the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals may be transmitted from modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in more detail below, the synchronization signals can be generated with location encoding to convey additional information.
[0080] At UE 104, antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to one or more demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. The demodulators 254a through 254r are shown as a combined modulator-demodulator (MOD-DEMOD) . In some cases, the modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator of the demodulators 254a through 254r may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM and / or the like) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. A channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , channel quality indicator (CQI) , and / or the like.
[0081] On the uplink, at UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and / or the like) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based on a beta value or a set of beta values associated with the one or more reference signals) . The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX-MIMO processor 266, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and / or the like) , and transmitted to base station 102. At base station 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a through 234t, processed by demodulators 232a through 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 (e.g., if applicable) , and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller (e.g., processor) 240. Base station 102 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to a network controller 231 via communication unit 244. Network controller 231 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292.
[0082] In some aspects, one or more components of UE 104 may be included in a housing. Controller 240 of base station 102, controller / processor 280 of UE 104, and / or any other component (s) of FIG. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with implicit UCI beta value determination for NR.
[0083] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 102 and the UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink.
[0084] In some aspects, deployment of communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (e.g., such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmit receive point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (e.g., also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0085] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0086] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (e.g., such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (e.g., vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0087] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 300 architecture. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (e.g., such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) . A CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 340 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0088] Each of the units (e.g., the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305) illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or described herein may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (e.g., collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (e.g., such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0089] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0090] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (e.g., such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
[0091] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (e.g., such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random-access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 340 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0092] The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (e.g., such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element life cycle management (e.g., such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
[0093] The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (e.g., such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.
[0094] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (e.g., such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (e.g., such as A1 policies) .
[0095] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a processing system 470 of a wireless device 407. In some examples, the processing system 470 may also be referred to as a computing system. The processing system 470 may include and / or implement one or more components that are the same as or similar to respective components included in and / or implemented by the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17 (e.g., and the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17 may include and / or implement one or more components that are the same as or similar to respective components included in and / or implemented by the processing system 470 of FIG. 4) . In some cases, the wireless device 407 may also be referred to as a user computing device. The wireless device 407 may include a client device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) or other type of device (e.g., a station (STA) configured to communication using a Wi-Fi interface) that may be used by an end-user. In some cases, the processing system 470 of the wireless device 407 can be implemented by one or more of the UEs 104 of FIG. 1. For example, the wireless device 407 may include a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , or mixed reality (MR) device, etc. ) , Internet of Things (IoT) device, a vehicle, an aircraft, and / or another device that is configured to communicate over a wireless communications network.
[0096] The processing system 470 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (e.g., or may otherwise be in communication, as appropriate) . The processing system 470 may generally be a system including one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. For example, the processing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing device or system. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with the one or more memory devices 486.
[0097] The processing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more SIMs 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, an antenna 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch sensitive screen, a touch pad, a keypad, a microphone, and / or the like) , and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, and / or the like) .
[0098] In some aspects, processing system 470 may include one or more radio frequency (RF) interfaces configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In some examples, an RF interface may include components such as modem (s) 476, wireless transceiver (s) 478, and / or antennas 487. The one or more wireless transceivers 478 may transmit and receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) via antenna 487 from one or more other devices, such as other wireless devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as eNBs and / or gNBs, Wi-Fi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders or the like, etc. ) , cloud networks, and / or the like. In some examples, the processing system 470 may include multiple antennas or an antenna array that may facilitate simultaneous transmit and receive functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna such that radio frequency (RF) signals may be received from and transmitted in all directions. The wireless signal 488 may be transmitted via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. ) , wireless local area network (e.g., a Wi-Fi network) , a BluetoothTM network, and / or other network.
[0099] In some examples, the wireless signal 488 may be transmitted directly to other wireless devices using sidelink communications (e.g., using a PC5 interface, using a DSRC interface, etc. ) . Wireless transceivers 478 may be configured to transmit RF signals for performing sidelink communications via antenna 487 in accordance with one or more transmit power parameters that may be associated with one or more regulation modes. Wireless transceivers 478 may also be configured to receive sidelink communication signals having different signal parameters from other wireless devices.
[0100] In some examples, the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end including one or more components, such as an amplifier, a mixer (e.g., also referred to as a signal multiplier) for signal down conversion, a frequency synthesizer (e.g., also referred to as an oscillator) that provides signals to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , one or more power amplifiers, among other components. The RF front-end may generally handle selection and conversion of the wireless signals 488 into a baseband or intermediate frequency and may convert the RF signals to the digital domain.
[0101] In some cases, the processing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using the one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, the processing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data (e.g., according to the AES and / or DES standard) transmitted and / or received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478.
[0102] The one or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and related key assigned to the user of the wireless device 407. The IMSI and key may be used to identify and authenticate the subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with the one or more SIMs 474. The one or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using the one or more wireless transceivers 478. The one or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by the one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, the one or more modems 476 may include a Wi-Fi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. The one or more modems 476 and the one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used for communicating data for the one or more SIMs 474.
[0103] The processing system 470 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486) , which may include, without limitation, local and / or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device such as a RAM and / or a ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updateable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data storage, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and / or the like.
[0104] In various aspects, functions may be stored as one or more computer-program products (e.g., instructions or code) in memory device (s) 486 and executed by the one or more processor (s) 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The processing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) , including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may comprise computer programs implementing the functions provided by various aspects, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.
[0105] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network. In some examples, one or more downlink channels and one or more downlink reference signals may carry information from a base station 102 to a UE 104. One or more uplink channels and one or more uplink reference signals may carry information from UE 104 to base station 102.
[0106] In some aspects, a downlink channel may include one or more of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) that carries downlink control information (DCI) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) that carries downlink data, and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carries system information, among other examples. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications.
[0107] In some examples, an uplink channel may include one or more of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) that carries uplink control information (UCI) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) that carries uplink data, and / or a physical random access channel (PRACH) used for initial network access, among other examples. In some aspects, UE 104 may transmit acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in UCI on the PUCCH and / or the PUSCH.
[0108] In some cases, a downlink reference signal may include one or more of a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a positioning reference signal (PRS) , and / or a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , among other examples. In some examples, an uplink reference signal may include one or more of a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a DMRS, and / or a PTRS, among other examples.
[0109] An SSB may carry or include information used for initial network acquisition and synchronization. For example, an SSB can carry or include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , a PBCH, and / or a PBCH DMRS. An SSB may also be referred to as a synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block. In some aspects, base station 102 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.
[0110] A CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition) , which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other examples. For example, base station 102 can configure a set of CSI-RSs for UE 104, and UE 104 can measure the configured set of CSI-RSs. Based on the CSI-RS measurements, UE 104 can perform channel estimation and report channel estimation parameters to base station 102 (e.g., in a CSI report) . For example, the channel estimation parameters can include one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP) , among other examples.
[0111] In some examples, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to UE 104. For example, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters that include one or more of a quantity of transmission layers (e.g., a rank) , a precoding matrix (e.g., a precoder) , a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and / or a refined downlink beam (e.g., using a beam refinement procedure or a beam management procedure) , among other examples.
[0112] A DMRS may carry information used to estimate a radio channel for demodulation of an associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) . The design and mapping of a DMRS may be specific to a physical channel for which the DMRS is used for estimation. DMRSs are UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be confined in a scheduled resource (e.g., rather than transmitted on a wideband) , and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRSs are used for both downlink communications and uplink communications.
[0113] A PTRS can carry information used to compensate for oscillator phase noise. In some cases, oscillator phase noise may increase as an oscillator carrier frequency increases. In some examples, a PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies (e.g., such as millimeter wave frequencies) to mitigate oscillator phase noise. The PTRS may be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and to enable suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE) . As illustrated in FIG. 5, in some examples one or more PTRSs can be used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH) .
[0114] A PRS may carry information associated with timing or ranging measurements of UE 104. For example, UE 104 may utilize one or more signals (e.g., PRSs) transmitted by base station 102 to improve an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. In some examples, a PRS may be a pseudo-random Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in diagonal patterns with shifts in frequency and time to avoid collision with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., a PDCCH) . A PRS can be designed to improve detectability by UE 104, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring base stations in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, UE 104 may receive a PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighbor cells) , and may report a reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRSs received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, base station 102 can calculate a position of UE 104 based on the RSTD measurements reported by UE 104.
[0115] In some examples, an SRS can carry information used for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, and / or beam management, among other examples. Base station 102 can configure one or more SRS resource sets for UE 104, and UE 104 can transmit SRSs on the configured SRS resource sets. An SRS resource set may have a configured usage, such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operations, uplink beam management, among other examples. Base station 102 may measure the SRSs, may perform channel estimation based on the measurements, and / or may use the SRS measurements to configure communications with UE 104.
[0116] As noted above, systems and techniques are described herein that can be used to provide code-block bit interleaving using a rectangular interleaver configured to use a number of interleaving rows that is determined from a set of multiple modulation order corresponding to the different transmission layers within the CB. In some examples, an interleaver may refer to an interleaving engine and / or an interleaving function, including various functions configured to receive an input comprising a plurality of bits arranged in a first sequence (e.g., a first ordering or arrangement of the plurality of bits) , and configured to generate an output comprising the plurality of bits arranged in a second sequence different from the first sequence (e.g., a second ordering or arrangement of the plurality of bits, different from the first ordering or arrangement) . In some cases, an interleaving function can include various functions configured to receive a plurality of bits as an input sequence, and change the ordering of the plurality of bits in an output sequence (e.g., configured to change the ordering of the plurality of bits in the output sequence, relative to the input sequence) .
[0117] As used herein, an interleaver may, in some aspects, refer to a systematic bit priority mapping (SBPM) block interleaver. For example, an SBPM interleaver can be a row-column interleaver that prioritizes systematic bits and / or most-significant bits (MSBs) to be written earlier in the row-wise write operation to the row-column interleaver than de-prioritized non-systematic bits and / or least-significant bits (LSBs) that are written later, or at the end, of the row-wise write operation to the row-column interleaver. In other aspects, an interleaver may refer to an interleaver different from an SBPM interleaver. For example, in some aspects, an interleaver may refer to a row-column interleaver, where input bits to the interleaver are written row-wise into a grid or matrix of bits, and where the output bits from the interleaver (e.g., a sequence of interleaved bits) are read column-wise from the grid or matrix of bits.
[0118] FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an interleaving configuration 600a corresponding to an example of a row-column interleaver 614 that can be used for bit-level row-column interleaving within a code block (CB) , in accordance with some examples. An input sequence of a plurality of bits can be written row-wise, horizontally across the rows Qm of the interleaver 614, starting from the top left position within the interleaver 614 (e.g., corresponding to the first row and the first column of interleaver 614) . The last bit of the input sequence is written to the bottom right position within the interleaver 614 (e.g., corresponding to the last row and the last column of interleaver 614) . An interleaved bit sequence is read column-wise from the interleaver 614, for example starting from the same top-left position used for the row-wise write operations. The column-wise read operations to obtain the interleaved bit sequence are performed vertically over the columns Er / Qm of the interleaver 614.
[0119] In some examples, the term Er represents the rate matching output sequence length for the r-th coded block (e.g., CB) . In some aspects, the value of Er can be determined based on a first condition that the first C′-γ transmitted CBs include a quantity coded bits; and a second condition that the last γ transmitted CBs include a quantity coded bits.
[0120] The term G represents the total number of bits available for the scheduled transmission of one TB. The term C′ represents the number of scheduled CBs for the TB. The term NL is the number of layers for TB. and γ=G′ mod C′. The term Qm is the number of bits in a modulation symbol, and, as noted above, can vary for different MCSs and modulation orders configured for different transmission layers across a CB.
[0121] The bit-level interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A is an example of a row-column interleaver, also referred to as a rectangular interleaver and / or a block interleaver. In some examples, the interleaver 614 can be used within a code block at the output of a rate matcher included in a transmission scheme or transmission chain corresponding to the transmission scheme, etc. The interleaver 614 can be provided after rate matching, including repetition, has been performed and completed. In some cases, row-column interleaver 614 may be configured to use a number of rows Qm equal to the modulation order of the CB, as noted above. In examples where a CB is associated with the same, single modulation order for all bits within the CB, the configuration of interleaving rows Qm equal to modulation order can be used to perform bit-level interleaving, including for Systematic Bit Priority Ordering for RV0 (e.g., for RV0, systematic bits of the CB are mapped to high-reliability locations in QAM symbols) . The number of coded bits in a CB can be equal to an integer multiple of the modulation order. This integer multiple can be equal to the number of columns Er / Qm of the interleaver 614.
[0122] FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission scheme 600b including a rate matching block 610 that includes bit selection (performed by a bit selection block 612) and bit interleaving (performed by a bit interleaving block 615) before scrambling (performed by a scrambling block 620) , modulation (performed by a modulation block 630) , and layer mapping (performed by a layer mapping block 640) of the modulated symbols onto a respective layer of the set of layers configured for the CB (e.g., the set of layers Layer 1 645-1 and Layer 2 645-2) . In some aspects, the bit interleaving block 615 included in the rate matching block 6710 of FIG. 6B can be the same as or similar to the row-column interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A. For example, the sequence of bits from bit selection block 612 of FIG. 6B can be used as the input sequence that is written horizontally row-wise across the interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A. The output of interleaved bits that are read vertically, column-wise over the columns of the interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A can be the same as or similar to the output of the bit interleaving block 615 and / or the output of the rate matching block 610 of FIG. 6B and / or the input to scrambling block 620 of FIG. 6B, etc. Layer 1 645-1 and Layer 2 645-2 can be respective transmission (e.g., spatial) layers configured for transmission of the modulated symbols mapped at modulation block 630 from the interleaved bit sequence generated by the bit interleaving block 615 (e.g., corresponding to the interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A) . In some examples, Layer 1 645-1 and Layer 2 645-2 can be transmission layers (e.g., spatial layers) implemented according to a MIMO configuration, where Layer 1 645-1 corresponds to a first antenna and / or antenna port for transmitting a first independent data stream and where Layer 2 645-2 corresponds to a second antenna and / or antenna port for transmitting a second independent data stream.
[0123] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of bit-level interleaving 700 configured for CBs using multiple modulation orders across layers, in accordance with some examples. For example, bit selection block 712 can perform bit selection to obtain a respective plurality of coded bits from a first CB 0 705-0 and a second CB 1 705-1. In some aspects, the bit selection block 712 can correspond to the bit selection block 612 of FIG. 6B. For example, the bit selection block 712 can perform bit selection to obtain a plurality of coded bits comprising all coded bits within a CB, and / or a plurality of coded bits comprising a subset of the coded bits within a CB.
[0124] Bit interleaving block 714 can perform bit interleaving using a row-column interleaver configured with a number of rows equal to the modulation order Qm. In some cases, the bit interleaving block 714 can correspond to one or more of the bit interleaving block 615 of FIG. 6B and / or the interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A, etc. A first row-column interleaver 715-0 illustrates the row-wise write operation of the CB 0 705-0 bit sequence across the Qm = 2 rows of the row-column interleaver 715-0. A second row-column interleaver 715-1 illustrates the row-wise write operation of the CB 1 705-1 bit sequence across the Qm = 2 rows of the row-column interleaver 715-1. The row-column interleavers 715-0 and / or 715-1 of FIG. 7 can correspond to the row-column interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A and / or the bit interleaving block 615 of FIG. 6B, etc.
[0125] At block 730, modulation (e.g., bits-to-symbols mapping) can be performed to map the interleaved bit sequence from the row-column interleavers 715-0 and 715-1 to corresponding modulation symbols 735 included within the constellation diagram. The modulation block 730 can correspond to the modulation block 640 of FIG. 6B, etc. The mapped modulation symbols 735 can then be mapped to respective transmission layers L1 or L2 (e.g., corresponding to transmission Layer 1 645-1 and transmission Layer 2 645-2, respectively, of FIG. 6B, etc. ) by a layer mapping (e.g., symbols-to-layers) block 740, which may be the same as or similar to the layer mapping block 640 of FIG. 6B.
[0126] For example, bits from the first column of interleaver 715-0 (e.g., bits a0, a3) are mapped to a first modulation symbol c0 in the plurality of mapped modulation symbols 735, and modulation symbol c0 is mapped to layer L1. Bits from the second column of interleaver 715-0 (e.g., a1, a4) are mapped to a second modulation symbol c1, which is itself mapped to layer L2. Bits from the third column of interleaver 715-0 (e.g., a2, a5) are mapped to a third modulation symbol c2, which is itself mapped to layer L1. Bits from the first column of interleaver 715-1 (e.g., b0, b3) are mapped to a fourth modulation symbol c3, which is itself mapped to layer L2. Bits from the second column of interleaver 715-1 (e.g., b1, b4) are mapped to a fifth modulation symbol c4, which is itself mapped to layer L1. Bits from the third column of interleaver 715-1 (e.g., b2, b5) are mapped to a sixth modulation symbol c5, which is itself mapped to layer L2.
[0127] FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 800 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for a bit-level row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleaver 815 is based on a maximum modulation order across layers, in accordance with some examples. In some aspects, the input plurality of bits comprises the 20 bits included in a CB 805, where CB 805 is associated with multiple transmission layers corresponding to a modulation order of 6 for L1 and a modulation order of 4 for L2 (e.g., modulation order for layers = [6, 4] ) . In some cases, bit interleaving block 814 may correspond to bit interleaving block 614 and / or bit interleaving block 714. In some aspects, the bit-level row-column interleaver 815 can correspond to one or more of the interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A and / or the row-column interleaver 715-0 and / or 715-1 of FIG. 7.
[0128] In one illustrative example, the bit interleaving block 814 corresponds to an interleaving configuration where the number of rows for the row-column interleaver 815 is set equal to the maximum value of the set of modulation order values across all transmission layers of the CB 805. For example, the set of modulation orders across the layers of the CB 805 is Qm = [6, 4] , with layer L1 corresponding to modulation order = 6, and with layer L2 corresponding to modulation order = 4.
[0129] Setting the number of rows for interleaver 815 equal to max (Qm = [6, 4] ) = 6 gives an interleaving configuration using six rows, and the input bit sequence of 20 bits included in CB 805 can be written row-wise across the six rows of the configured row-column interleaver 815. In some examples, the sequence of a plurality of coded bits given as input to the bit interleaver may be more generally denoted by e0, e1, …, eE-1, where E is the total number of bits in the CB and / or in the input bit sequence obtained from a portion or subset of the CB. The E bits can be obtained, in at least some aspects, from the output of bit selection (e.g., such as the bit selection block 612 of FIG. 6B, the bit selection block 712 of FIG. 7, etc. )
[0130] The output bit sequence from the configured row-column bit interleaver (e.g., 815) with a number of rows set equal to the maximum modulation order can be obtained by first setting the number of rows equal to the maximum value of modulation orders across layers (e.g., in the example of FIG. 8A, number of rows = max ( [6, 4] ) = 6) . The number of columns of the configured row-column bit interleaver (e.g., 815) can be equal to a minimum integer P such that E≤max (Qm) ×P=Q.
[0131] In some aspects, based on a determination that Q > E, the interleaving configuration for the row-column interleaver 815 can cause the interleaver 815 to append one or more padded bits (e.g., dummy bits, dummy padded bits, null bits, etc. ) to the input sequence provided for the row-wise write operation across the interleaver 815. For example, the interleaver 815 can append the four null bits illustrated as being written across the last (e.g. bottom) row (e.g., row 6) of the interleaver 815 in FIG. 8A. The interleaved output from the interleaver 815 can be configured to skip the padded bits, which are not included in the interleaved bit sequence output from the interleaver 815.
[0132] In an illustrative example, the interleaved output bit sequence 845 from the bit interleaver 815 configured with six interleaving rows based on the maximum modulation order of 6 associated with layer L1 can be subsequently provided as input to a layer mapping block or function (e.g., such as layer mapping block 640 of FIG. 6B, 740 of FIG. 7, etc. ) . Based on the L1 modulation order = 6, each symbol in L1 can be mapped to six interleaved bits from the interleaved output bit sequence 845. Based on the L2 modulation order = 4, each symbol in L2 can be mapped to four interleaved bits from the interleaved output bit sequence 845. For example, a first symbol in L1 is mapped to the interleaved bits {0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 1} . A first symbol in L2 is mapped to the interleaved bits {5, 9, 13, 17} . A second symbol in L1 is mapped to the interleaved bits {2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 3} . A second symbol in L2 is mapped to the interleaved bits {7, 11, 15, 19} . The padded bits (e.g., four null bits in row 6 of interleaver 815) are not output in the interleaved output bit sequence 845 and are not mapped t o a modulation symbol or a transmission layer L1, L2.
[0133] In some aspects, the distance between coded bits within one modulation symbol may be smaller than a threshold distance for handling burst errors effectively, in at least some examples and / or scenarios. FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 850 with a random interleaver between bit selection and bit interleaving. For instance, according to some aspects, a rate matching block 810 of FIG. 8B can be implemented to provide a random interleaver 818 between the output of bit selection block 812 and the input to bit interleaving block 814. In some examples, rate matching block 810 can correspond to one or more of the various rate matching blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15, the bit selection block 812 can correspond to one or more of the various bit selection blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15, and the bit interleaving block 814 can correspond to one or more of the various bit interleaving blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15, etc. Including the random interleaver 818 before the input to the bit interleaving block 814 can be used to randomize the sequence of the plurality of coded bits at the input to bit-level row-column interleaving, and may increase the reliability of the interleaving.
[0134] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 900 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver 915 is based on a sum of modulation orders across layers and with row reordering based on a configured pattern or random row permutation per column, in accordance with some examples.
[0135] An input CB 905 comprises a sequence of a plurality of coded bits, for example the sequence of 24 total coded bits 0, 1, …, 22, 23. The modulation order information Qm for the CB 905 and two transmission layers L1, L2 is [4, 2] . The modulation order for transmission over layer L1 is equal to 4, and the modulation order for transmission over layer L2 is equal to 2. A bit interleaving block 914 can correspond to one or more of the various bit selection blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15. The row-column interleaver 915 can correspond to one or more of the various row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleavers of any of FIGS. 6-15.
[0136] In one illustrative example, the interleaver 915 can be implemented according to an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of interleaving rows that is equal to the sum of modulation orders across the set of layers (e.g., transmission and / or spatial layers) of the CB 905. For example, the interleaver 915 can be configured with a total number of interleaving rows determined as sum ( [4, 2] ) = 6 interleaving rows. The number of coded bits in a CB (e.g., CB 905) can be an integer multiple of the sum of modulation orders across layers (e.g., an integer multiple of sum ( [4, 2] ) and padded bits are not used. Modulation across layers of the CB 905 (e.g., layer L1, layer L2) can be performed within individual columns of the row-column interleaver 915 configured with the number of interleaving rows equal to the sum of the different modulation orders across the layers L1, L2 of the CB 905, and may be mapped to different transmission layers after the modulation.
[0137] In some cases, the bit interleaving configuration for bit interleaving block 914 and / or the row-column interleaver 915 can include an indication for row reordering within the interleaved bit sequence generated as output. For example, the indication can enable or disable row reordering. In some examples, the indication can indicate one or more parameters or values to configure the row reordering operations. In some aspects, row reordering can be implemented within individual columns of the interleaver 915.
[0138] For example, in some cases, row reordering can be implemented within respective columns of the interleaver 915 according to a configured pattern that is based on or related to the modulation order Qm across the layers of the CB. In some cases, the configured pattern for row reordering can be designed to provide a re-ordered sequence of the interleaved bits in a column that maps the systematic bits in the column to the MSB of the modulation symbols. An example of pattern-based reordering 917 is shown in FIG. 9 for the first (e.g., left-most) column of the interleaver 915. Before reordering, the interleaved bits within the first column of interleaver 915 are (in top-to-bottom order) {0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20} . Based on the L1 modulation order = 4 and the L2 modulation order = 2, four bits are mapped to each symbol in L1 and two bits are mapped to each symbol in L2.
[0139] Without reordering 917 performed for the first column in interleaver 915, the four bits mapped to a layer L1 symbol are the top four bits in the first column of interleaver 915 (e.g., {0, 4, 8, 12} mapped to a layer L1 symbol, and {16, 20} mapped to a layer L2 symbol) .
[0140] With the pattern-based reordering 917 implemented for the first column of interleaver 915 prior to the bits-to-symbol mapping modulation, systematic bits within the first column of interleaver 915 may be mapped to the MSB of the modulation symbols for L1 and L2. For example, with the pattern-based reordering 917, the bits from the first column of interleaver 915 that are mapped to a layer L1 symbol become {0, 8, 16, 20} and the bits mapped to a layer L2 symbol become {4, 12} .
[0141] In another example, row reordering can be configured within columns of the interleaver 915 according to a random row permutation configuration. For example, a random row permutation 919 shown applied to the last (e.g., right-most) column of interleaver 915 can re-order the interleaved bit sequence from {3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23} to a re-ordered interleaved bit sequence {3, 11, 19, 23, 7, 15} .
[0142] In some cases, row reordering may be implemented within columns of the interleaver based on a reordering pattern corresponding to the bit-level bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity. For example, multiple BICM-based patterns can be configured and mapped to different BICM capacity values. The multiple BICM-based patterns for reordering within interleaver columns can be configured based on different layers and different modulation orders across layers. The bit-level BICM capacity may be determined based on the layer signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR) for modulation symbols across all layers. A selected BICM-based pattern can be determined from the plurality of configured BICM-based patterns using the pattern that best aligns with the calculated results for BICM capacity and / or SINR. In some cases, row reordering may be implemented using a common configuration across all columns of the interleaver 915, and / or can be implemented using respective reordering configurations for some (or all) of the individual columns within the interleaver 915. In some aspects, the sequence of row reordering operations implemented between the interleaved output from interleaver 915 and the input to modulation and / or bits-to-symbols mapping for the layers of the CB can be signaled and / or configured using RRC and / or DCI to carry information including the indication, and / or indicative of the indication, configuration, etc.
[0143] For example, FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 1000 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a sum of modulation orders across layers and with row reordering based on bit-level bit-interleaved coded modulation (BCIM) capacity, in accordance with some examples. In the example of FIG. 10, an input CB 1005 can be the same as the CB 905. The modulation order information Qm for the CB 1005 and two transmission layers L1, L2 is [4, 2] . The modulation order for transmission over layer L1 is equal to 4, and the modulation order for transmission over layer L2 is equal to 2. A bit interleaving block 1014 can be the same as the bit interleaving block 914, and / or can correspond to one or more of the various bit selection blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15. The row-column interleaver 1015 can be the same as the row-column interleaver 915, and / or can correspond to one or more of the various row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleavers of any of FIGS. 6-15.
[0144] The first interleaved column 1017 of interleaver 1015 includes, from top to bottom, the interleaved bit values {0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20} , indicated in FIG. 10 as the interleaved output sequence portion 1045 that can be obtained by reading the first column vertically down the interleaver 1015. Row reordering can be applied to the first column output sequence 1045 using a configured BICM-based reordering pattern. For example, the configured BICM-based pattern can cause reordering to map the bits {0, 4, 12, 20} from output sequence 1045 to a layer L1 symbol 1047, and to map the bits {8, 16} from output sequence 1045 to a layer L2 symbol 1049.
[0145] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 1100 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for the bit-level interleaver is based on a greatest common divisor of the modulation orders across layers, and where modulation for layers can be based on an interlaced order and / or column reordering, in accordance with some examples. In some aspects, an input CB 1105 comprises a sequence of a plurality of coded bits, for example the sequence of 24 total coded bits 0, 1, …, 22, 23. The modulation order information Qm for the CB 1105 and two transmission layers L1, L2 is [4, 2] . The modulation order for transmission over layer L1 is equal to 4, and the modulation order for transmission over layer L2 is equal to 2. A bit interleaving block 1114 can correspond to one or more of the various bit selection blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15. The row-column interleaver 1115 can correspond to one or more of the various row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleavers of any of FIGS. 6-15.
[0146] In an illustrative example, the number of rows for the row-column interleaver 1115 can be indicated by an interleaving configuration that sets the number of rows to be equal to the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the set of modulation orders across layers of the CB 1105. For example, the GCD of the modulation order information Qm = [4, 2] is 2, and the interleaver 1115 can be configured to use two interleaving rows. The number of coded bits in a CB is an integer multiple of the GCD of the modulation orders across layers, and padded bits do not need to be added to the interleaver 1115.
[0147] In the example of FIG. 11, the row-wise write operations across two rows configured for the interleaver 1115 as the GCD of the layer modulation orders Qm = [4, 2] corresponds to writing a first half of the CB 1105 bits to the first row of the interleaver 1115 (e.g., the sequence {0, 1, …, 10, 11} written to the top row) and the second half of the CB 1105 bits to the second row of the interleaver 1115 (e.g., the sequence {12, 13, …, 22, 23} written to the bottom row) .
[0148] In some aspects, modulation for a single layer can be performed within one or more columns, with subsequent mapping to different layers. In one illustrative example, modulation for the different layers is performed using an interlaced order. For example, the interleaved output from interleaver 1115 can be mapped to symbols on L1 or L2 in an interlaced order that alternates between mapping four interleaved bits to an L1 symbol, mapping the next two interleaved bits to an L2 symbol, mapping the next four interleaved bits to an L1 symbol, …, etc., to obtain the bits-to-symbols mapping using interlaced order 1145.
[0149] In some aspects, column reordering 1124 may be applied before the modulation. The column reordering 1124 can be optional. The column reordering 1124 can be the same as or similar to the various column reordering blocks described herein for any of FIGS. 6-15. In some examples, column reordering 1124 can be performed using a pattern configured to increase the distance between coded bits within a modulation symbol. For example, the interleaver 1125 of FIG. 11 shows an example of column reordering using a configured pattern 1155 to increase the distance between coded bits within a modulation symbol. In some cases, column reordering may be implemented as a random column permutation (e.g., a random pattern instead of a pre-determined configured pattern, etc. ) . In some aspects, the column reordering 1124 can be enabled or disabled based on a configuration or other signaled indication, for example an RRC and / or DCI. The sequence, type, pattern, etc., for column reordering can be configured by RRC and / or DCI also.
[0150] In another illustrative example, modulation for the different layers can be implemented using a sequential order, such as the sequential modulation order 1245 of FIG. 12. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 1200 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where a number of rows for a bit-level interleaver 1215 is based on a greatest common divisor of the modulation orders across layers, and where modulation for layers is based on a sequential order, in accordance with some examples. For example, an input CB 1205 comprises a sequence of a plurality of coded bits, for example the sequence of 24 total coded bits 0, 1, …, 22, 23. The modulation order information Qm for the CB 1205 and two transmission layers L1, L2 is [4, 2] . The modulation order for transmission over layer L1 is equal to 4, and the modulation order for transmission over layer L2 is equal to 2. A bit interleaving block 1214 can correspond to one or more of the various bit selection blocks of any of FIGS. 6-15. The row-column interleaver 1215 can correspond to one or more of the various row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleavers of any of FIGS. 6-15.
[0151] The example sequential modulation order 1245 of FIG. 12 is used to map four sequential groups of four bits each to a respective 4-bit modulation symbol in L1 (e.g., {0, 1, 12, 13} mapped to a first L1 modulation symbol; {2, 3, 14, 15} mapped to a second L1 modulation symbol; {4, 5, 16, 17} mapped to a third L1 modulation symbol; {6, 7, 18, 19} mapped to a fourth L1 modulation symbol; {8, 20} mapped to a first L2 modulation symbol, {9, 21} mapped to a second L2 modulation symbol, {10, 22} mapped to a third L2 modulation symbol, and {11, 23} mapped to a fourth L2 modulation symbol) .
[0152] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bit-level interleaving configuration 1300 for CBs with multiple modulation orders across layers, where bit interleaving is performed for groups of layers with the same modulation order, in accordance with some examples. In one illustrative example, bit interleaving can be performed for groups of layers, such as a Layer group 1 for layer L1 and a Layer group 2 for layer L2. The grouping of layers can be performed in the rate matching block 1310, after bit selection performed by a bit selection block 1312 and bit separation performed by a bit separation block 1313 (e.g., which can correspond to one or more of the bit selection blocks and / or separation blocks of any of the various FIGS. 6-15) . The layer grouping can be based on modulation order, such that the modulation orders within a group of layers are the same, and may enable to reuse of legacy bit interleaving. For example, layer group 1 can correspond to a group of layers all with a first modulation order value, and layer group 2 can correspond to a group of layers all with a second modulation order value.
[0153] The layer groups can be processed using respective processing chains with the same components. For example, layer group 1 can correspond to a first group of separated bits from the output of bit separation bit separation block 1313, which can be processed by a first bit interleaving block 1314-1 (e.g., a rectangular interleaver) configured with a number of rows given by Qm_L1, representing the common modulation order shared for the layer group 1; scrambling block 1320-1; modulation block 1330-1. Layer group 2 can correspond to a second group of separated bits from the output of bit separation bit separation block 1313, which can be processed by a second bit interleaving block 1314-2 (e.g., a rectangular interleaver) configured with a number of rows given by Qm_L2, representing the common modulation order shared for the layer group 2 and different from the common modulation order of layer group 1; followed by a scrambling block 1320-2 (e.g., the same as scrambling block 1320-1) , and a modulation block 1330-2 (e.g., the same as modulation block 1330-1) . A shared layer mapping block 1340 can recombine the respective bits from the layer 1 group processing transmit chain (e.g., bit interleaving block 1314-1, scrambling block 1320-1, modulation block 1330-1) and the respective bits from the layer 2 group processing transmit chains (e.g., bit interleaving block 1314-2, scrambling block 1320-2, modulation block 1330-2) and perform mapping onto the three layers Layer 1 (L1) , Layer 2 (L2) , Layer 3 (L3) . The number of coded bits for each layer group can be proportional to and / or based on the modulation order and the number of layers within the group.
[0154] In some cases, the coded bits separation performed by the bit separation block 1313 can be implemented using a configuration that maps the coded bits to a rectangular interleaver within one layer group (e.g., first bit interleaving block 1314-1 or second bit interleaving block 1314-2) . The mapping of the coded bits continues for the rectangular interleavers of other layer groups in ascending order of layer group index. In another example, the coded bits can be mapped to the first position of the rectangular interleaver across layer groups, followed by mapping to subsequent positions (e.g., including mapping the systematic bits to the MSB of modulation symbols) . In some aspects, a group of layers may include one single layers.
[0155] For example, FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example 1400 of the bit-level interleaving configuration of FIG. 13, using a mapping scheme where bits of a CB are mapped to sequentially to the interleavers corresponding to different groups of layers with different modulation order values, in accordance with some examples. CB 1405 can be the same as various other CBs of any of FIGS. 6-15. Bit interleaving block 1414 can correspond to one or more bit interleaving blocks of various ones of FIGS. 6-15. A row-column bit interleaver 1415-1 corresponds to bit interleaving block 1314-1 and layer group 1 of FIG. 13. A row-column interleaver 1415-2 corresponds to bit interleaving block 1314-2 and layer group 2 of FIG. 13.
[0156] In the example of FIG. 14, the coded bits are first mapped to a rectangular interleaver within one layer group (e.g., layer group 1, corresponding to the interleaver 1415-1) . After the rectangular interleaver for the first layer group is filled, the mapping continues for coded bits to rectangular interleavers of other layer groups in ascending order of layer index (e.g., layer group 2 and interleaver 1415-2 is mapped follows the completion of mapping for layer group 1 and interleaver 1415-1) .
[0157] In another illustrative example, FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example 1500 of the bit-level interleaving configuration of FIG. 13, using a mapping scheme where bits of a CB are mapped across the interleavers corresponding to different groups of layers with different modulation order values, in accordance with some examples. In some aspects, CB 1505 can be the same as CB1405, and / or can be the same as various other CBs of any of FIGS. 6-15. Bit interleaving block 1514 can be the same as bit interleaving block 1414 and / or can correspond to one or more bit interleaving blocks of various ones of FIGS. 6-15. A row-column bit interleaver 1515-1 corresponds to bit interleaving block 1314-1 and layer group 1 of FIG. 13. A row-column interleaver 1515-2 corresponds to bit interleaving block 1314-2 and layer group 2 of FIG. 13.
[0158] In the example of FIG. 15, the coded bits are first mapped to a first position of the rectangular interleaver across layer groups. Subsequently, the coded bits continue mapping to subsequent positions across layer groups, to map the systematic bits to the MSB of modulation symbols. For example coded bits are mapped to the first position of 1515-1, the first position of 1515-2, the second position of 1515-1, the second position of 1515-2, …, etc., until all coded bits are mapped.
[0159] In another illustrative example, the systems and techniques can be configured and / or used to calculate the required resources for each layer across the multiple layers of a CB, and / or to calculate the coded bits for each CB based on the sum of modulation orders across layers. For example, given that the modulation orders vary across layers, the required resources for each layer can be calculated when determining the number of bits for each CB, according to the equation: In some examples, to calculate the coded bits for each CB, the systems and techniques can perform the calculation according to a first condition that the first C′-γ transmitted codeblocks have coded bit, and a second condition that the last γ transmitted codeblocks have coded bits.
[0160] FIG. 16 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example of a process 1600 for wireless communication. The process 1600 may be performed by a network entity or network device (or apparatus) or a component (e.g., a chipset, codec, etc. ) of the network entity or device. The network entity may be a UE (e.g., the UE 104 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and / or FIG. 3, the wireless device 407 of FIG. 4, or other UE) . The network entity (e.g., UE) can be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone) , a network-connected wearable such as a watch, an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device or augmented reality (AR) device) , a vehicle or component or system of a vehicle, or other type of computing device configured to perform wireless communications. The operations of the process 1600 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, the TX MIMO processor 266, the MIMO detector 256 of FIG. 2, the processing system 470 of FIG. 4, the processor (s) 484 of FIG. 4, the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17, and / or the processor 1710 of FIG. 17, or other processor (s) (e.g., such as one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 470 of FIG. 4, the processing system 1702 of FIG. 17, etc. ) ) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the network entity in the process 1600 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas, one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver (s) ) , and / or other communication components (e.g., the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, the TX MIMO processor 266, the MIMO detector 256, the modulator (s) / demodulator (s) 254a through 254t, and / or the antenna (es) 252a through 252t of FIG. 2, the antenna (es) 487 of FIG. 4, the wireless transceiver (s) 478 of FIG. 4, the communication interface 1740 of FIG. 17, or other antennae (s) , transceiver (s) , and / or component (s) ) .
[0161] At block 1602, the network entity (or component thereof) can obtain a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB. For example, the plurality of coded bits of the CB can be obtained by a rate matching block, such as the rate matching block 610 of FIG. 6B, etc. In some cases, the plurality of coded bits of the CB can be obtained after a bit selection processing operation, for example the bit selection block 612 of FIG. 6B, the bit selection block 712 of FIG. 7, etc. In some cases, the plurality of coded bits can be associated with a CB such as the CB 0 705-0 and / or the CB 1 705-1 of FIG. 7, the CB 805 of FIG. 8A, the CB 905 of FIG. 9, the CB 1005 of FIG. 10, the CB 1105 of FIG. 11, the CB 1205 of FIG. 12, the CB 1405 of FIG. 14, the CB 1505 of FIG. 15, etc.
[0162] In some cases, the set of transmission layers for the CB is a set of multiple spatial layers, for example corresponding to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration associated with the network entity. In some cases, each transmission layer for the CB can correspond to an independent data stream transmitted by the network entity, and / or can correspond to a data stream transmitted using a different, respective antenna or antenna port of the network entity, etc. In some examples, each modulation order of the multiple modulation orders corresponds to a configured modulation coding scheme (MCS) associated with a corresponding transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0163] In some cases, the plurality of coded bits is a randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from a random interleaver. For example, the plurality of coded bits can be a randomized sequence of a plurality of coded bits from the bit selection 812 block of FIG. 8B, randomized by the random interleaver 818 of FIG. 8B, etc. In some cases, the rectangular interleaver generates the interleaved bit sequence based on the randomized sequence. For example, the rectangular interleaver can correspond to the bit interleaving block 814 of FIG. 8B, which can be used to generate an interleaved bit sequence based on an input comprising the randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from the random interleaver 818 of FIG. 8B.
[0164] At block 1604, the network entity (or component thereof) can determine, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver. For example, the rectangular interleaver can be a row-column interleaver. The rectangular interleaver can perform bit-level interleaving. In some cases, the rectangular interleaver can correspond to one or more of the row-column (e.g., rectangular) interleaver 614 of FIG. 6A, the bit interleaving block 615 of FIG. 6B, the interleaver (s) 715-0 and / or 715-1 of FIG. 7 and / or the bit interleaving block 714 of FIG. 7, the interleaver 815 of FIG. 8A and / or the bit interleaving block 814 of FIG. 8A, the bit interleaving block 814 of FIG. 8B, the interleaver 915 of FIG. 9 and / or the bit interleaving block 914 of FIG. 9, the interleaver 1015 of FIG. 10 and / or the bit interleaving block 1014 of FIG. 10, the interleaver 1115 of FIG. 11 and / or the bit interleaving block 1114 of FIG. 11, the first bit interleaving block 1314-1 and / or the second bit interleaving block 1314-2 of FIG. 13, the bit interleaving block 1414 of FIG. 14, the bit interleaving block 1514 of FIG. 5, etc.
[0165] In some cases, the rectangular interleaver is a row-column bit-level interleaver, and the one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer are obtained from the interleaved bit sequence according to a corresponding modulation order for each transmission layer, the corresponding modulation order included in the multiple modulation orders. For example, the one or more modulated symbols can be obtained using a corresponding modulation for each modulation order, where each different modulation and / or modulation order is applied to the same interleaved bit sequence to obtain respective modulated symbols of different lengths (e.g., where the modulated symbol length is based on the MCS and / or modulation order, etc. ) .
[0166] In some examples, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to determine a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, and use the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration. For example, the interleaving configuration can correspond to the bit interleaving configuration 1100 of FIG. 11, where the number of rows for interleaver 1115 is based on the greatest common divisor (gcd) of the modulation orders across all transmission layers.
[0167] In some cases, the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with an interlaced order, where the interlaced order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to different transmission layers of the set of transmission layers. For example, the interlaced order can correspond to the interlaced order 1145 of symbol mapping associated with the interleaver 1115 of FIG. 11.
[0168] In some cases, the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with a sequential order, where the sequential order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to a same transmission layer of the set of transmission layers. For example, the sequential order can correspond to the example sequential modulation order 1245 of symbol mapping implemented by the example interleaver 1215 of FIG. 12.
[0169] In some cases, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to obtain, from the rectangular interleaver, a subset of the interleaved bit sequence. The network entity (or component thereof) can receive information indicative of a column reordering configuration, for example such as the column reordering configuration 1017 of FIG. 10, a column reordering configuration associated with the column reordering block 1124 of FIG. 11, etc. In some cases, the network entity (or component thereof) can reorder, based on the column reordering configuration, the subset of the interleaved bit sequence into a reordered subset. For example, the reordered subset can correspond to the interleaver 1125 configured to use the column reordering block 1124 of FIG. 11.
[0170] In some cases, the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols mapped to the reordered subset. In some examples, to receive the information indicative of the interleaving configuration, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to receive signaling including the information, where the signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.
[0171] In some examples, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to determine a particular modulation order of the multiple modulation orders, the particular modulation order equal to a maximum value within the set of respective values. The network entity (or component thereof) can use the particular modulation order as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration. For example, the interleaving configuration with the number of rows equal to the maximum value within the set of respective values for the multiple modulation orders can correspond to the interleaving configuration implemented by the bit interleaving block 814 and row-column interleaver 815 of FIG. 8A, the bit interleaving block 814 of FIG. 8B, etc.
[0172] In some cases, to generate the interleaved bit sequence, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to process the plurality of coded bits using the rectangular interleaver configured with the number of rows equal to the particular modulation order, where the interleaved bit sequence includes one or more padded bits based on the multiple modulation orders including one or more modulation orders lower than the particular modulation order, and wherein an output of the rectangular interleaver is configured to skip the one or more padded bits. For example, the one or more padded bits can correspond to the padded bits of FIG. 8A, implemented using the interleaver 815 of FIG. 8A, etc.
[0173] In some examples, the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration is equal to a sum of the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders. For example, the interleaving configuration can correspond to the bit interleaving block 914 of FIG. 9 and / or the row-column interleaver 915 of FIG. 9, associated with a configuration for a number of interleaving rows equal to the sum of modulation order values across the different modulation orders associated with the plurality of coded bits of the CB 905. In some examples, the interleaving configuration can correspond to the bit interleaving block 1014 of FIG. 10 and / or the row-column interleaver 1015 of FIG. 10, associated with a configuration for a number of interleaving rows equal to the sum of modulation order values across the different modulation orders associated with the plurality of coded bits of the CB 1005. In some examples, the plurality of coded bits comprises a quantity of coded bits equal to an integer multiple of the sum. In some cases, the network entity (or component thereof) can be configured to reorder the respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence mapped to one or more modulated symbols of the plurality of modulated symbols based on a configured pattern, the configured pattern based on a respective modulation order associated with a corresponding transmission layer used for the one or more modulated symbols. In some cases, the configured pattern is a random pattern, or is a pattern associated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity information.
[0174] At block 1606, the network entity (or component thereof) can generate, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits. For example, the interleaved bit sequence can be generated based on performing column-wise read operations from the row-column rectangular interleaver. In some cases, to generate the interleaved bit sequence, the network entity (or component thereof) can perform column reordering and / or row reordering before the column-wise read operations. For example, the row reordering can correspond to one or more of the row reordering performed using the bit interleaving block 1014 of FIG. 10, the column reordering can correspond to the column reordering block 1124 of FIG. 11, etc.
[0175] At block 1608, the network entity (or component thereof) can output a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0176] For example, the plurality of modulated symbols can be modulated symbols determined using the modulation block 630 and layer mapping block 640 of FIG. 6B, the modulation block 730 and layer mapping block 740 of FIG. 7, the modulated symbols 735 of FIG. 7, the modulated symbols of the interleaved output bit sequence 845 of FIG. 8A, the modulated symbols from the interlaced order 1145 of FIG. 11, the sequential modulation order 1245 of FIG. 12, the modulated symbols corresponding to modulation block 1330-1 for layer group 1 of FIG. 13, the modulated symbols corresponding to modulation block 1330-2 for layer group 2 of FIG. 13, etc.
[0177] In some cases, the computing device or apparatus configured to perform the process 1600 and / or various processes described herein may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or other component (s) that are configured to carry out the steps of processes described herein. In some examples, the computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to communicate and / or receive the data, any combination thereof, and / or other component (s) . The one or more network interfaces may be configured to communicate and / or receive wired and / or wireless data, including data according to the 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or other cellular standard, data according to the WiFi (802.11x) standards, data according to the BluetoothTM standard, data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard, and / or other types of data.
[0178] The components of the computing device may be implemented in circuitry. For example, the components may include and / or may be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which may include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , central processing units (CPUs) , and / or other suitable electronic circuits) , and / or may include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof, to perform the various operations described herein.
[0179] The process 1600 is illustrated as a logical flow diagram, the operation of which represents a sequence of operations that may be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the processes.
[0180] Additionally, the process 1600, and / or other process (es) described herein, may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program comprising a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors. The computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.
[0181] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. In particular, FIG. 17 illustrates an example of computing system 1700 including a processing system 1702, which may be for example any computing device making up internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof in which the components of the system are in communication with each other using connection 1705. Connection 1705 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1710 (and / or one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 1702) , such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 1705 may also be a virtual connection, networked connection, or logical connection.
[0182] In some aspects, computing system 1700 and / or the processing system 1702 can be provided as a distributed system in which the functions described in this disclosure may be distributed within a datacenter, multiple data centers, a peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represents many such components each performing some or all of the function for which the component is described. In some aspects, the components may be physical or virtual devices.
[0183] The example processing system 1702 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1710 and connection 1705 that communicatively couples various system components including system memory 1715, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1720 and random access memory (RAM) 1725 to processor 1710. The processing system 1702 may include a cache 1712 of high-speed memory connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of processor 1710 and / or one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 1702.
[0184] Processor 1710 may include any general-purpose processor and a hardware service or software service, such as services 1732, 1734, and 1736 stored in storage device 1730, configured to control processor 1710 and / or one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 1702, as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1710 may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric.
[0185] To enable user interaction, processing system 1702 includes an input device 1745, which may represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, etc. Processing system 1702 may also include output device 1735, which may be one or more of a number of output mechanisms. In some instances, multimodal systems may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with processing system 1702.
[0186] Processing system 1702 may include communications interface 1740, which may generally govern and manage the user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receipt and / or transmission wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including those making use of an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a universal serial bus (USB) port / plug, an AppleTM LightningTM port / plug, an Ethernet port / plug, a fiber optic port / plug, a proprietary wired port / plug, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM low energy (BLE) wireless signal transfer, an IBEACONTM wireless signal transfer, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transfer, near-field communications (NFC) wireless signal transfer, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transfer, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transfer, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transfer, Visible Light Communication (VLC) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transfer, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) signal transfer, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signal transfer, ad-hoc network signal transfer, radio wave signal transfer, microwave signal transfer, infrared signal transfer, visible light signal transfer, ultraviolet light signal transfer, wireless signal transfer along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof. The communications interface 1740 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers that are used to determine a location of the computing system 1700 based on receipt of one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the US-based Global Positioning System (GPS) , the Russia-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) , the China-based BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , and the Europe-based Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.
[0187] Storage device 1730 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which may store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, a magnetic strip / stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disc, a rewritable compact disc (CD) optical disc, digital video disk (DVD) optical disc, a blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disc, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory card, a smartcard chip, a EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, random access memory (RAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash EPROM (FLASHEPROM) , cache memory (e.g., Level 1 (L1) cache, Level 2 (L2) cache, Level 3 (L3) cache, Level 4 (L4) cache, Level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache) , resistive random-access memory (RRAM / ReRAM) , phase change memory (PCM) , spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) , another memory chip or cartridge, and / or a combination thereof.
[0188] The storage device 1730 may include software services, servers, services, etc., that when the code that defines such software is executed by the processor 1710 and / or one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 1702, it causes the system to perform a function. In some aspects, a hardware service that performs a particular function may include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as processor 1710 (e.g., and / or one or more other processors included within and / or associated with the processing system 1702) , connection 1705, output device 1735, etc., to carry out the function. The term “computer-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. A computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory medium in which data may be stored and that does not include carrier waves and / or transitory electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over wired connections. Examples of a non-transitory medium may include, but are not limited to, a magnetic disk or tape, optical storage media such as compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD) , flash memory, memory or memory devices. A computer-readable medium may have stored thereon code and / or machine-executable instructions that may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, or the like.
[0189] Specific details are provided in the description above to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, while illustrative aspects of the application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited by the prior art. Various features and aspects of the above-described application may be used individually or jointly. Further, aspects may be utilized in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein without departing from the broader scope of the specification. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate aspects, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described.
[0190] For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. Additional components may be used other than those shown in the figures and / or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the aspects in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the aspects.
[0191] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0192] Individual aspects may be described above as a process or method which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0193] Processes and methods according to the above-described examples may be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used may be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on.
[0194] In some aspects the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories may include a cable or wireless signal containing a bitstream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.
[0195] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, in some cases depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.
[0196] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and may take any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor (s) may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include laptops, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rackmount devices, standalone devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also may be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality may also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example.
[0197] The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functions described in the disclosure.
[0198] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods, algorithms, and / or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may comprise memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.
[0199] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs) , or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term “processor, ” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein.
[0200] One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the less than ( “<” ) and greater than ( “>” ) symbols or terminology used herein may be replaced with less than or equal to ( “≤” ) and greater than or equal to ( “≥” ) symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of this description.
[0201] Where components are described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be accomplished, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operation, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operation, or any combination thereof.
[0202] The phrase “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refers to any component that is physically connected to another component either directly or indirectly, and / or any component that is in communication with another component (e.g., connected to the other component over a wired or wireless connection, and / or other suitable communication interface) either directly or indirectly.
[0203] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any duplicate information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, and so on) , or any other ordering, duplication, or combination of A, B, and C. The language “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B.
[0204] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one processor configured to, ” “at least one processor being configured to, ” or the like indicates that one processor or multiple processors (in any combination) can perform the associated operation (s) . For example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” means a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y, and Z; or that multiple processors are each tasked with a certain subset of operations X, Y, and Z such that together the multiple processors perform X, Y, and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y, and Z. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” can mean that any single processor may only perform at least a subset of operations X, Y, and Z.
[0205] Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions.
[0206] Where reference is made to an entity (e.g., any entity or device described herein) performing functions or being configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) , the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform the functions. The one or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more (or all) of the functions, and / or any combination thereof. Where reference to the entity performing functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function) .
[0207] Illustrative aspects of the disclosure include:
[0208] Aspect 1. A network entity for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the network entity is configured to: obtain a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determine, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generate, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and output a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0209] Aspect 2. The network entity of Aspect 1, wherein, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity is configured to: determine a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders; and use the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0210] Aspect 3. The network entity of Aspect 2, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with an interlaced order, and wherein the interlaced order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to different transmission layers of the set of transmission layers.
[0211] Aspect 4. The network entity of any of Aspects 2 to 3, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with a sequential order, and wherein the sequential order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to a same transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0212] Aspect 5. The network entity of any of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein the network entity is configured to: obtain, from the rectangular interleaver, a subset of the interleaved bit sequence; receive information indicative of a column reordering configuration; and reorder, based on the column reordering configuration, the subset of the interleaved bit sequence into a reordered subset.
[0213] Aspect 6. The network entity of Aspect 5, wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols mapped to the reordered subset.
[0214] Aspect 7. The network entity of any of Aspects 5 to 6, wherein, to receive the information, the network entity is configured to receive signaling including the information, wherein the signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.
[0215] Aspect 8. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity is configured to: determine a particular modulation order of the multiple modulation orders, the particular modulation order equal to a maximum value within the set of respective values; and use the particular modulation order as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0216] Aspect 9. The network entity of Aspect 8, wherein, to generate the interleaved bit sequence, the network entity is configured to: process the plurality of coded bits using the rectangular interleaver configured with the number of rows equal to the particular modulation order, wherein the interleaved bit sequence includes one or more padded bits based on the multiple modulation orders including one or more modulation orders lower than the particular modulation order, and wherein an output of the rectangular interleaver is configured to skip the one or more padded bits.
[0217] Aspect 10. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of coded bits is a randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from a random interleaver, and wherein the rectangular interleaver generates the interleaved bit sequence based on the randomized sequence.
[0218] Aspect 11. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration is equal to a sum of the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders.
[0219] Aspect 12. The network entity of Aspect 11, wherein the plurality of coded bits comprises a quantity of coded bits equal to an integer multiple of the sum.
[0220] Aspect 13. The network entity of any of Aspects 11 to 12, wherein the network entity is configured to: reorder the respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence mapped to one or more modulated symbols of the plurality of modulated symbols based on a configured pattern, the configured pattern based on a respective modulation order associated with a corresponding transmission layer used for the one or more modulated symbols.
[0221] Aspect 14. The network entity of Aspect 13, wherein the configured pattern is a random pattern, or is a pattern associated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity information.
[0222] Aspect 15. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the set of transmission layers corresponds to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration associated with the network entity.
[0223] Aspect 16. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein each modulation order of the multiple modulation orders corresponds to a configured modulation coding scheme (MCS) associated with a corresponding transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0224] Aspect 17. The network entity of any of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein: the rectangular interleaver is a row-column bit-level interleaver; and the one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer are obtained from the interleaved bit sequence according to a corresponding modulation order for each transmission layer, the corresponding modulation order included in the multiple modulation orders.
[0225] Aspect 18. A method for wireless communication, comprising: obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and outputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0226] Aspect 19. The method of Aspect 18, wherein determining the interleaving configuration includes: determining a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders; and using the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0227] Aspect 20. The method of Aspect 19, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with an interlaced order, and wherein the interlaced order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to different transmission layers of the set of transmission layers.
[0228] Aspect 21. The method of any of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with a sequential order, and wherein the sequential order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to a same transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0229] Aspect 22. The method of any of Aspects 19 to 21, further comprising: obtaining, from the rectangular interleaver, a subset of the interleaved bit sequence; receiving information indicative of a column reordering configuration; and reordering, based on the column reordering configuration, the subset of the interleaved bit sequence into a reordered subset.
[0230] Aspect 23. The method of Aspect 22, wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols mapped to the reordered subset.
[0231] Aspect 24. The method of any of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein receiving the information comprises receiving signaling including the information, wherein the signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.
[0232] Aspect 25. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 24, wherein determining the interleaving configuration includes: determining a particular modulation order of the multiple modulation orders, the particular modulation order equal to a maximum value within the set of respective values; and using the particular modulation order as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0233] Aspect 26. The method of Aspect 25, wherein generating the interleaved bit sequence includes: processing the plurality of coded bits using the rectangular interleaver configured with the number of rows equal to the particular modulation order, wherein the interleaved bit sequence includes one or more padded bits based on the multiple modulation orders including one or more modulation orders lower than the particular modulation order, and wherein an output of the rectangular interleaver is configured to skip the one or more padded bits.
[0234] Aspect 27. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 26, wherein the plurality of coded bits is a randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from a random interleaver, and wherein the rectangular interleaver generates the interleaved bit sequence based on the randomized sequence.
[0235] Aspect 28. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 27, wherein the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration is equal to a sum of the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders.
[0236] Aspect 29. The method of Aspect 28, wherein the plurality of coded bits comprises a quantity of coded bits equal to an integer multiple of the sum.
[0237] Aspect 30. The method of any of Aspects 28 to 29, further comprising: reordering the respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence mapped to one or more modulated symbols of the plurality of modulated symbols based on a configured pattern, the configured pattern based on a respective modulation order associated with a corresponding transmission layer used for the one or more modulated symbols.
[0238] Aspect 31. The method of Aspect 30, wherein the configured pattern is a random pattern, or is a pattern associated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity information.
[0239] Aspect 32. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 31, wherein the set of transmission layers corresponds to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration associated with the network entity.
[0240] Aspect 33. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 32, wherein each modulation order of the multiple modulation orders corresponds to a configured modulation coding scheme (MCS) associated with a corresponding transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0241] Aspect 34. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 33, wherein: the rectangular interleaver is a row-column bit-level interleaver; and the one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer are obtained from the interleaved bit sequence according to a corresponding modulation order for each transmission layer, the corresponding modulation order included in the multiple modulation orders.
[0242] Aspect 35. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to performs actions comprising: obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB; determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver; generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; and outputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0243] Aspect 36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 35, wherein determining the interleaving configuration includes: determining a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders; and using the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0244] Aspect 37. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 36, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with an interlaced order, and wherein the interlaced order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to different transmission layers of the set of transmission layers.
[0245] Aspect 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 36 to 37, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with a sequential order, and wherein the sequential order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to a same transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0246] Aspect 39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 36 to 38, further comprising: obtaining, from the rectangular interleaver, a subset of the interleaved bit sequence; receiving information indicative of a column reordering configuration; and reordering, based on the column reordering configuration, the subset of the interleaved bit sequence into a reordered subset.
[0247] Aspect 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 39, wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols mapped to the reordered subset.
[0248] Aspect 41. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 39 to 40, wherein receiving the information comprises receiving signaling including the information, wherein the signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.
[0249] Aspect 42. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 41, wherein determining the interleaving configuration includes: determining a particular modulation order of the multiple modulation orders, the particular modulation order equal to a maximum value within the set of respective values; and using the particular modulation order as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.
[0250] Aspect 43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 42, wherein generating the interleaved bit sequence includes: processing the plurality of coded bits using the rectangular interleaver configured with the number of rows equal to the particular modulation order, wherein the interleaved bit sequence includes one or more padded bits based on the multiple modulation orders including one or more modulation orders lower than the particular modulation order, and wherein an output of the rectangular interleaver is configured to skip the one or more padded bits.
[0251] Aspect 44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 43, wherein the plurality of coded bits is a randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from a random interleaver, and wherein the rectangular interleaver generates the interleaved bit sequence based on the randomized sequence.
[0252] Aspect 45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 44, wherein the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration is equal to a sum of the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders.
[0253] Aspect 46. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 45, wherein the plurality of coded bits comprises a quantity of coded bits equal to an integer multiple of the sum.
[0254] Aspect 47. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 45 to 46, further comprising: reordering the respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence mapped to one or more modulated symbols of the plurality of modulated symbols based on a configured pattern, the configured pattern based on a respective modulation order associated with a corresponding transmission layer used for the one or more modulated symbols.
[0255] Aspect 48. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Aspect 47, wherein the configured pattern is a random pattern, or is a pattern associated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity information.
[0256] Aspect 49. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 48, wherein the set of transmission layers corresponds to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration associated with the network entity.
[0257] Aspect 50. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 49, wherein each modulation order of the multiple modulation orders corresponds to a configured modulation coding scheme (MCS) associated with a corresponding transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.
[0258] Aspect 51. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Aspects 35 to 50, wherein: the rectangular interleaver is a row-column bit-level interleaver; and the one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer are obtained from the interleaved bit sequence according to a corresponding modulation order for each transmission layer, the corresponding modulation order included in the multiple modulation orders.
[0259] Aspect 52. A method for wireless communication, comprising performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 17.
[0260] Aspect 53. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising one or more means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 1 to 17.
Claims
A network entity for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the network entity is configured to:obtain a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB;determine, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver;generate, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; andoutput a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.The network entity of claim 1, wherein, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity is configured to:determine a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders; anduse the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.The network entity of claim 2, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with an interlaced order, and wherein the interlaced order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to different transmission layers of the set of transmission layers.The network entity of claim 2, wherein the interleaving configuration causes the rectangular interleaver to generate the interleaved bit sequence with a sequential order, and wherein the sequential order corresponds to adjacent columns of coded bits within the rectangular interleaver being mapped to a same transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.The network entity of claim 2, wherein the network entity is configured to:obtain, from the rectangular interleaver, a subset of the interleaved bit sequence;receive information indicative of a column reordering configuration; andreorder, based on the column reordering configuration, the subset of the interleaved bit sequence into a reordered subset.The network entity of claim 5, wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols mapped to the reordered subset.The network entity of claim 5, wherein, to receive the information, the network entity is configured to receive signaling including the information, wherein the signaling includes radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI) signaling.The network entity of claim 1, wherein, to determine the interleaving configuration, the network entity is configured to:determine a particular modulation order of the multiple modulation orders, the particular modulation order equal to a maximum value within the set of respective values; anduse the particular modulation order as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.The network entity of claim 8, wherein, to generate the interleaved bit sequence, the network entity is configured to:process the plurality of coded bits using the rectangular interleaver configured with the number of rows equal to the particular modulation order,wherein the interleaved bit sequence includes one or more padded bits based on the multiple modulation orders including one or more modulation orders lower than the particular modulation order, and wherein an output of the rectangular interleaver is configured to skip the one or more padded bits.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the plurality of coded bits is a randomized sequence of the plurality of coded bits obtained from a random interleaver, and wherein the rectangular interleaver generates the interleaved bit sequence based on the randomized sequence.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration is equal to a sum of the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the plurality of coded bits comprises a quantity of coded bits equal to an integer multiple of the sum.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the network entity is configured to:reorder the respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence mapped to one or more modulated symbols of the plurality of modulated symbols based on a configured pattern, the configured pattern based on a respective modulation order associated with a corresponding transmission layer used for the one or more modulated symbols.The network entity of claim 13, wherein the configured pattern is a random pattern, or is a pattern associated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) capacity information.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the set of transmission layers corresponds to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration associated with the network entity.The network entity of claim 1, wherein each modulation order of the multiple modulation orders corresponds to a configured modulation coding scheme (MCS) associated with a corresponding transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.The network entity of claim 1, wherein:the rectangular interleaver is a row-column bit-level interleaver; andthe one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer are obtained from the interleaved bit sequence according to a corresponding modulation order for each transmission layer, the corresponding modulation order included in the multiple modulation orders.A method for wireless communication, comprising:obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB;determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver;generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; andoutputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.The method of claim 18, wherein determining the interleaving configuration includes:determining a value of a greatest common divisor for the set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders; andusing the value of the greatest common divisor as the number of rows indicated by the interleaving configuration.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform actions comprising:obtaining a plurality of coded bits of a code block (CB) associated with multiple modulation orders, wherein the multiple modulation orders correspond to a set of transmission layers for the CB;determining, based on a set of respective values of the multiple modulation orders, an interleaving configuration indicative of a number of rows for a rectangular interleaver;generating, using the rectangular interleaver configured with the interleaving configuration, an interleaved bit sequence for the plurality of coded bits; andoutputting a plurality of modulated symbols based on the interleaved bit sequence, wherein each modulated symbol of the plurality of modulated symbols is mapped to a respective subset of the interleaved bit sequence, and wherein the plurality of modulated symbols includes one or more modulated symbols corresponding to each transmission layer of the set of transmission layers.