Oxygen carrier material, method for producing an oxygen carrier material, and method for producing olefinic compounds.

Abstract

According to one or more embodiments described herein, an oxygen carrier material may include a redox-active metal oxide and an alkali-including composition. The alkali-including composition may have the formula NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r. In the formula the sum of u, v, and w may equal 1, the sum of x and y may equal 1, z may be greater than 1.5, and r may be from 0.02 to 20. A method of making an oxygen carrier material and a method of using an oxygen carrier material to produce olefinic compounds is also described herein.

Description

1 / 29 Oxygen carrier material, method for producing an oxygen carrier material, and method for producing olefinic compounds. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application US serial number 63 / 489,573, filed March 10, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to oxygen-carrying materials, and in particular to oxygen-carrying materials and methods of producing oxygen-carrying materials. BACKGROUND

[003] Some chemical processes utilize oxygen-carrying materials. In such processes, oxygen can be delivered or transported in a cycle through a reduction and subsequent oxidation of the oxygen-carrying material. Oxygen-carrying materials can be used in chemical processes that require oxygen. In such processes, the oxygen carried by the oxygen-carrying material can be used as the oxygen source. In particular, oxygen-carrying materials can be used in cyclic chemical processes where oxygen can be added to and removed from the oxygen-carrying material as it is used throughout the process. For example, combustion reactions can utilize oxygen from an oxygen-carrying material. SUMMARY

[004] There is a continuing need for oxygen-carrying materials that are suitable for use with specific chemical processes. It may be desirable to have oxygen-carrying materials that can be operated to selectively transport oxygen for chemical reactions. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 12 / 50 2 / 29 specific. For example, oxygen-carrying materials can be selective for hydrogen combustion over hydrocarbon combustion. Specific oxygen-carrying compositions, according to some embodiments, have been found to have these desirable attributes. For example, and as described in the present invention, oxygen-carrying materials that include a redox-active metal oxide and specific alkali-including compositions can have beneficial performance compared to conventional oxygen-carrying materials.

[005] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, an oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r. In the formula, the sum of u, v, w may be equal to 1, the sum of x, y, and z may be equal to 1, z may be greater than 1.5, and r may be from 0.02 to 20.

[006] According to one or more further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing an oxygen-carrying material may comprise providing a redox-active metal oxide. The method may also comprise impregnating the redox-active metal oxide with an aqueous solution comprising one or more water-soluble alkali silicates, alkali aluminates, or alkali aluminosilicates to produce an impregnated redox-active metal oxide. The method may also comprise drying the impregnated redox-active metal oxide and calcining the impregnated redox-active metal oxide to produce the oxygen-carrying material. The oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r. In the formula, the sum of u, v, and w can be equal to 1, the sum of x and y can be equal to 1, z can be greater than 1.5, and r can be from 0.02 to 20.

[007] According to one or more additional modalities of Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 13 / 50 3 / 29 present disclosure, a method for producing olefinic compounds may comprise placing a feed stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons in a reactor, in contact with an oxygen-carrying material. In the reactor, the one or more hydrocarbons may be dehydrogenated to form hydrogen and one or more olefinic compounds, and at least a portion of the hydrogen may be reacted with oxygen from the oxygen-carrying material to produce water. The method may also comprise passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material to a regeneration unit and passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material from the regeneration unit to the reactor. The oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redoxative metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r.In the formula, the sum of u, v, and w can be equal to 1, the sum of x and y can be equal to 1, z can be greater than 1.5, and r can be from 0.02 to 20.

[008] Additional features and advantages of this disclosure will be presented in the detailed description that follows, and in part will be evident to those skilled in the art from this description or recognized by the practice of the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description that follows the claims, as well as the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[009] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure can be better understood when read together with the following drawings, in which a similar structure is indicated with similar reference numbers and in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a reactor system suitable for use with oxygen-carrying material, according to one or more embodiments described in the present invention; and Figure 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of powdered materials. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 14 / 50 4 / 29 oxygen carriers, according to one or more embodiments described in the present invention.

[0010] Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be presented in the detailed description that follows, and in part will be evident to those skilled in the art from this description or recognized by practice of the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description that follows the claims, as well as the accompanying drawings.

[0011] It should be understood that both the general description mentioned above and the detailed description below describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or context for understanding the nature and character of the claimed matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understanding of the various embodiments and are incorporated into and form part of this descriptive report. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described herein and, together with the description, explain the principles and operations of the claimed matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] Specific embodiments of the present application will be described below. The disclosure may, however, be represented in different forms and should not be interpreted as limited to the embodiments presented in this disclosure. Preferably, the present embodiments are provided in such a way that the present disclosure is detailed and complete and fully conveys the scope of the matter to individuals skilled in the art.

[0013] In general, this disclosure describes various embodiments of oxygen-carrying materials, embodiments of methods for producing oxygen-carrying materials, and embodiments of methods for using oxygen-carrying materials.

[0014] According to one or more embodiments, the oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 15 / 50 5 / 29 a composition including alkali. As used herein, the term redox-active metal oxide refers to a metal oxide capable of undergoing reduction in the presence of a reducing agent, for example, hydrogen, and capable of undergoing oxidation in the presence of an oxidizing agent, for example, oxygen or air. The composition including alkali may, in general, have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r; where u+v+w=l, x+y=1, z is greater than 1.5, er is from 0.02 to 20. Without adhering to theory, it is believed that the combination of a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali having the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r may form an oxygen-carrying material that may be selective for hydrogen combustion in the presence of hydrocarbons.

[0015] As described in the present invention, the oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali. In some embodiments, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 99% by weight, at least 99.5% by weight, or even at least 99.9% by weight of the oxygen-carrying material comprises the combination of the redox-active metal oxide and the composition including alkali. In some embodiments, the oxygen-carrying material may consist of the redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the ratio of the weight of the redox-active metal oxide to the weight of the composition including alkali in the oxygen-carrying material may be greater than or equal to 5:1, for example, greater than or equal to 10:1, greater than or equal to 15:1, greater than or equal to 20:1, greater than or equal to 25:1, greater than or equal to 30:1, greater than or equal to 35:1, greater than or equal to 40:1, greater than or equal to 45:1, or even greater than or equal to 50:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of the weight of the redox-active metal oxide to the weight of the composition including alkali may be from 5:1 to 95:1. For example, the ratio of the weight of the redox-active metal oxide to the weight of the composition including Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 16 / 50 6 / 29 Alkali can be from 5:1 to 90:1, for example, from 5:1 to 80:1, from 5:1 to 70:1, from 5:1 to 60:1, from 5:1 to 50:1, from 5:1 to 40:1, from 5:1 to 30:1, from 5:1 to 20:1, from 5:1 to 10:1, from 10:1 to 95:1, from 10:1 to 90:1, from 10:1 to 80:1, from 10:1 to 70:1, from 10:1 to 60:1, from 10:1 to 50:1, from 10:1 to 40:1, from 10:1 to 30:1, from 10:1 to 20:1, from 20:1 to 95:1, from 20:1 to 90:1, 20:1 to 80:1, 20:1 to 70:1, 20:1 to 60:1, 20:1 to 50:1, 20:1 to 40:1, 20:1 to 30:1, 30:1 to 95:1, 30:1 to 90:1, 30:1 to 80:1, 30:1 to 70:1, 30:1 to 60:1, 30:1 to 50:1, 30:1 to 40:1, 40:1 to 95:1, 40:1 to 90:1, 40:1 to 80:1, 40:1 to 70:1, 40:1 to 60:1 from 40:1 to 50:1, from 50:1 to 95:1, from 50:1 to 90:1, from 50:1 to 80:1, from 50:1 to 70:1, from 50:1 to 60:1, from 60:1 to 95:1, from 60:1 to 90:1, from 60:1 to 80:1, from 60:1 to 70:1, from 70:1 to 95:1, from 70:1 to 90:1, from 70:1 to 80:1, from 80:1 to 95:1, from 80:1 to 90:1, or from 90:1 to 95:1.Without adhering to theory, it is believed that a ratio between the weight of the redox-active metal oxide and the weight of the alkali-including composition in the oxygen-carrying material of less than 5:1 may reduce the total oxygen carrying capacity of the oxygen-carrying material, as the alkali-including composition is believed to be non-redox-active. It is also believed that the alkali-including composition may beneficially affect the selectivity of the oxygen-carrying material. Furthermore, it is believed that a ratio between the weight of the redox-active metal oxide and the weight of the alkali-including composition in the oxygen-carrying material greater than 5:1 may balance the non-redoxative nature of the alkali-including composition with its beneficial effect on selectivity.

[0017] As described in the present invention, the oxygen-carrying material may include a redox-active metal oxide. In one or more embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide includes binary, ternary, or other blended metal oxides capable of undergoing reduction in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., hydrogen) and oxidation in the presence of an oxidizing agent (e.g., oxygen or air). In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may be a metal oxide of a Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 17 / 50 7 / 29 metal from IUPAC group 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12. In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may be an oxide of a metal selected from Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co or Ce. In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may be an oxide of a metal selected from Fe and Mn. In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may be selected from Fe2O3, FeO, FesO4, Mu2O3, MnO, Mu3O4, MnO2, (Cai-xSrx)MnO3, Mg6MnO8, LaSrMnOs, LaSrFeO3, FeTiO3, Fe2TiOs, FeTi3Oio, BaMnO3, or combinations thereof. For example, other suitable redox-active metal oxides are disclosed in Chemical Looping Combustion: Status and Development Challenges, Energy Fuels 2020, 34, 9077-9093, On the Attrition Evaluation of Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion Fuel Processing Technology 148 (2016) 188-197, and LS Fan, Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions, John Wiley & Sons (2010) which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0018] As described in the present invention, the oxygen-carrying material may include an alkali-including composition having the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r, wherein u+v+w=1, x+y=1, z is greater than 1.5, and er is from 0.02 to 20. Without adhering to theory, it is believed that oxygen-carrying materials comprising an alkali-including composition with the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r and a redox-active metal oxide have improved selectivity for hydrogen combustion compared to hydrocarbons, resulting in a lower amount of COx formation compared to oxygen-carrying materials that do not comprise the alkali-including composition, as demonstrated in the Examples of the present invention.

[0019] In oxygen-carrying material, the composition including alkali can act as a surface dopant, a batch dopant, or both. If the composition including alkali acts as a surface dopant, it can partially or completely coat the surface of the metal oxide. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 18 / 50 8 / 29 redox-active. If the composition including alkali acts as a batch dopant, the composition including alkali can be distributed throughout the interior of the redox-active metal oxide. If the composition including alkali acts both as a surface dopant and as a batch dopant, the composition including alkali can partially or completely coat the surface of the redox-active metal oxide and can also be distributed throughout the interior of the redox-active metal oxide.

[0020] In the formula, u+v+w=l indicates that the composition including alkali includes at least some amount of one or more of sodium, potassium, and lithium. In some embodiments, one of u, v, or w is equal to l. In these embodiments, the composition including alkali may include sodium but not potassium or lithium; potassium but not sodium or lithium; or lithium but not sodium or potassium. In other embodiments, the composition including alkali may include sodium and potassium but not lithium; sodium and lithium but not potassium; potassium and lithium but not sodium; or the composition including alkali may include sodium, potassium, and lithium.

[0021] In the formula, NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r, x+y can be equal to 1. Consequently, the composition including alkali includes at least some amount of one or both of silicon and aluminum. In some embodiments, x can be equal to 1 and the composition including alkali can include silicon but not aluminum. In other embodiments, y can be equal to 1 and the composition including alkali can include aluminum but not silicon. In still more embodiments, the composition including alkali can include both silicon and aluminum. In the formula, x and y can each be equal to any number from 0 to 1, including 0 and 1, as long as the sum of x and y is equal to 1. For example, both x and y can be equal to 0.5, x can be equal to 0.75 and y can be equal to 0.25, or x can be equal to 0.25 and y can be equal to 0.75.

[0022] The composition including alkali may include oxygen. In the formula, NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r, z may be greater than or equal to 1.5, indicating that Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 19 / 50 9 / 29 at least some amount of oxygen is present in the composition including alkali. In one or more modalities, z can be greater than or equal to 1.5, for example, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 2.5, greater than or equal to 3, greater than or equal to 3.5, greater than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 4.5, or even greater than or equal to 5. In some modalities, z can be from 1.5 to 5, such as from 1.5 to 4.5, from 1.5 to 4, from 1.5 to 3.5, from 1.5 to 3, from 1.5 to 2.5, from 1.5 to 2, from 2 to 5, from 2 to 4.5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 3.5, from 2 to 3, from 2 to 2.5, from 2.5 to 5, from 2.5 to 4.5, from 2.5 to 4, from 2.5 to 3.5, from 2.5 to 3, 3 to 5, 3 to 4.5, 3 to 4, 3 to 3.5, 3.5 to 5, 3.5 to 4.5, 3.5 to 4, 4 to 5, 4 to 4.5 or 4.5 to 5.

[0023] In one or more modalities, r in the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r can be from 0.02 to 20. For example, r can be from 0.02 to 15, from 0.02 to 10, from 0.02 to 5, from 0.02 to 1, from 0.02 to 0.5, from 0.02 to 0.1, from 0.02 to 0.05, from 0.05 to 20, from 0.05 to 15, from 0.05 to 10, from 0.05 to 5, from 0.05 to 1, from 0.05 to 0.5, from 0.05 to 0.1, from 0.1 to 20, from 0.1 to 15, from 0.1 to R$ from 5 to 15, from 5 to 20, 10 to 20, 10 to 15, or 15 to 20.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the composition including alkali may be boron-free. In additional embodiments, the composition including alkali may be selected from the group consisting of NaAlOi, KAlOi, Na4SiO4, Na6Si2O7, N2SO3, N2SO5, Na6Si6O19, K2S1O3, K7Si7O5 or K2Si4O9.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the oxygen-carrying material may be capable of fluidization. In some embodiments, the oxygen-carrying material may have a median particle size (D50) of 50 µm to 300 µm, for example, 50 µm to 250 µm, 50 µm to 200 µm, 50 µm to 150 µm, 50 µm to 100 µm, 100 µm to 300 µm, 100 µm to 250 µm, 100 µm to 200 µm, 100 µm to 150 µm, 150 µm to 300 µm, 150 µm to 250 µm, 150 µm to 200 µm, 200 µm to 300 µm, 200 Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 20 / 50 10 / 29 one to 250 one, or from 250 one to 300 one.

[0026] In some embodiments, the oxygen-carrying material may exhibit properties known in the industry, such as Geldart A or Geldart B properties. Solids may be classified as Group A or Group B according to D. Geldart, Gas Fluidization Technology, John Wiley and Sons (New York, 1986), 34 to 37; and D. Geldart, Types of Gas Fluidization, Powder Technol. 7 (1973) 285 to 292, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0027] Group A is understood by those skilled in the art to represent an aerable powder having a bubble-free fluidization range; a high bed expansion; a slow and linear deaeration rate; bubble properties that may include a predominance of splitting / recoalescence bubbles, with maximum bubble size and large wake; high levels of solids mixing and gas backmixing, assuming equal U-Umf (U is the carrier gas velocity and Umf is the minimum fluidization velocity, typically, though not necessarily measured in meters per second, m / s, i.e., there is excess gas velocity); aximetric slugging properties; and no spillage, except in very shallow beds. The properties described tend to improve as the particle size decreases, assuming equal cfp; or as the proportion of < 45 micrometers (µm) is increased; or as gas pressure, temperature, viscosity, and density increase.In general, the particles may exhibit a small average particle size and / or low particle density (< 1.4 grams per cubic centimeter, g / cm3), fluidize easily with smooth fluidization at low gas velocities, and may exhibit controlled bubbling with small bubbles at higher gas velocities.

[0028] Group B is understood by those skilled in the art to represent a sand-like powder that begins to bubble in Umf; Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 21 / 50 11 / 29 which exhibits moderate bed expansion; rapid deaeration; no limits to bubble size; moderate levels of solids mixing and gas backmixing, assuming equal U-Umf; axisymmetric and asymmetric slugs; and jetting only in shallow beds. These properties tend to improve as the average particle size decreases, but the particle size distribution and, with some uncertainty, the pressure, temperature, viscosity, or density of the gas, seem to do little to improve them. In general, most particles have a particle size (cfp) of 40 μm < cfp < 500 μm when the density (pp) is 1.4 < pp < 4 g / cm3, and preferably 60 μm < cfp < 500 μm when the density (pp) is 4 g / cm3 and 250 μm < cfp < 100 μm when the density (pp) is 1 g / cm3.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, a method for producing an oxygen-carrying material, as described in the present invention, may comprise: providing a redox-active metal oxide, impregnating the redox-active metal oxide with an aqueous solution comprising one or more water-soluble alkali silicates, alkali aluminates or alkali aluminosilicates to produce an impregnated redox-active metal oxide, drying the impregnated redox-active metal oxide and calcining the impregnated redox-active metal oxide to produce the oxygen-carrying material.

[0030] The supply of the redox-active metal oxide may include any conventional technique for preparing the redox-active metal oxide, including spray drying, granulation, and solid-state synthesis followed by drying and calcination. In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may be a Geldart Group A or Group B particle prior to impregnation. In other embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide may not be a Geldart Group A or Group B particle prior to impregnation.

[0031] As described earlier in this document, the method for producing an oxygen-carrying material may comprise Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 22 / 50 12 / 29 impregnate the redox-active metal oxide with an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution may comprise one or more water-soluble alkali silicates, alkali aluminates, or alkali aluminosilicates. In some embodiments, the aqueous solution may comprise one or more of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, lithium aluminate, or combinations thereof. In one or more embodiments, the aqueous solution may have a pH greater than 7. For example, the aqueous solution may have a pH greater than 7.5, greater than 8, greater than 8.5, greater than 9, greater than 9.5, greater than 10, greater than 10.5, greater than 11, or even greater than 11.5.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide can be impregnated by dry impregnation, also called incipient moisture impregnation. In one or more embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide can be impregnated by wet impregnation. In some embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide can be impregnated more than once with the aqueous solution.

[0033] The impregnated redox-active metal oxide can then be subjected to drying after impregnation. In some embodiments, the impregnated redox-active metal oxide can be subjected to air drying. In one or more embodiments, the impregnated redox-active metal oxide can be subjected to drying at a temperature lower than 200 °C, for example, lower than 175 °C, lower than 150 °C, lower than 125 °C, lower than 100 °C, lower than 75 °C, or even lower than 50 °C. In embodiments in which the redox-active metal oxide is impregnated more than once with the aqueous solution, the impregnated redox-active metal oxide can be subjected to drying between each impregnation.

[0034] The impregnated redox-active metal oxide, subjected to drying, can then be calcined to produce the oxygen-carrying material. In one or more embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 23 / 50 13 / 29 impregnated material subjected to drying can be calcined at a temperature lower than 1200 °C, for example, lower than 1100 °C, lower than 1000 °C, lower than 900 °C, lower than 800 °C, lower than 700 °C, lower than 600 °C, or even lower than 500 °C. In one or more embodiments, the redox-active metal oxide impregnated material subjected to drying can be calcined under air.

[0035] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing olefinic compounds is provided using the oxygen-carrying materials described in the present invention. As used herein, the term olefinic compounds refers to hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in addition to the formal double bonds in aromatic compounds. For example, ethylene and styrene are olefinic compounds, but ethylbenzene would not be an olefinic compound, since the only double bonds present in ethylbenzene are formal double bonds present as part of the aromatic structure. Now with reference to Figure 1, a reactor system 100 is shown that can be used with the methods of the present disclosure, but other reactor systems as would be known to those skilled in the art are contemplated in the present invention.For example, the oxygen-carrying materials of the present disclosure can be used in the systems and methods that are disclosed in WO 2020 / 046978, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0036] With reference again to Figure 1, the reactor system 100 may include a reactor 110 and a regeneration unit 120. In one or more embodiments, the reactor 110 may be a fluidized bed reactor. A feed stream 101 may be passed to the reactor 110. In one or more embodiments, the feed stream 101 may comprise one or more hydrocarbons. In one or more embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise one or more of ethane, Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 24 / 50 14 / 29 propane, butane or ethylbenzene. According to one or more embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight or even at least 99% by weight of ethane. In further embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight or even at least 99% by weight of propane. In further embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, or even at least 99% by weight of butane.In further embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, or up to at least 99% by weight of ethylbenzene. In further embodiments, the one or more hydrocarbons may comprise at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, or up to at least 99% by weight of the sum of ethane, propane, butane, and ethylbenzene.

[0037] In reactor 110, the feed stream 101 can be brought into contact with an oxygen-carrying material, and one or more hydrocarbons can be dehydrogenated to form hydrogen and one or more olefinic compounds. At least a portion of the hydrogen is reacted with the oxygen from the oxygen-carrying material to form water. The reaction of hydrogen with the oxygen from the oxygen-carrying material can reduce the oxygen-carrying material. The dehydrogenation reaction in fluidized bed reactor 110 can be thermally initiated or can be Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 25 / 50 15 / 29 catalytically initiated.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the dehydrogenation reaction may utilize a dehydrogenation catalyst. The dehydrogenation catalyst may be any suitable catalyst, as would be known to those skilled in the art. For example, suitable catalysts are described in Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 20, 10613-10653, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and U.S. Patent No. 8,669,406, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Alternatively, no catalyst may be used to carry out the dehydrogenation reaction.

[0039] The reduced oxygen carrier material may need to be reoxidized before being used again in reactor 110. The reduced oxygen carrier material can be passed from reactor 110 to the regeneration unit 120 via stream 103. In the regeneration unit 120, the reduced oxygen carrier material can be reoxidized. In some embodiments, the oxygen carrier material is reoxidized by being exposed to an oxygen-containing gas, for example, air or oxygen. The reoxidized oxygen carrier material can then be passed back to reactor 110 from the regeneration unit 120 via stream 104. In this way, the oxygen carrier material can be circulated or cycled through the reactor system 100. In some embodiments, the reoxidized oxygen carrier material can be partially reduced before being passed to reactor 110.

[0040] One or more olefinic compounds produced in reactor 110 can exit reactor 110 via product stream 102. In one or more embodiments, the olefinic compounds may comprise one or more of ethylene, propylene, butylene, or styrene. The term butylene includes any isomer of butylene, such as α-butylene, cis-ε-butylene, trans-ε-butylene, and isobutylene. In some embodiments, the effluent containing olefin may Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 26 / 50 16 / 29 comprise at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight or even at least 60% by weight of ethylene. In further embodiments, the effluent containing olefin may comprise at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight or even at least 60% by weight of propylene. In further embodiments, the effluent containing olefin may comprise at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight or even at least 60% by weight of butylene. In further embodiments, the effluent containing olefin may comprise at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, or even at least 60% by weight of styrene.In further embodiments, the effluent containing olefin may comprise at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, or even at least 60% by weight of the sum of one or more of ethylene, propylene, butylene, and styrene. Product stream 102 may further comprise unreacted components of the feed stream, as well as other reaction products that are not considered olefinic compounds. The olefinic compounds may be separated from the unreacted components in subsequent separation steps. Examples

[0041] The various aspects of this disclosure will be further clarified by the following examples. The examples are illustrative in nature and should not be understood as limiting the subject matter of this disclosure. Example 1 - Sample preparation

[0042] Comparative Example A consisted of inert, non-redox-active quartz fragments that were used as received. Comparative Example B consisted of calcium-manganese oxide (CaMnO3), Example Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 27 / 50 Comparative Example C consisted of manganese oxide (Mnθ2), Comparative Example D consisted of copper oxide (CuO), Comparative Example E consisted of cerium oxide (CeO2), and Comparative Example F consisted of iron oxide (FcvO). Comparative Examples A and F were all commercially acquired and used as received.

[0043] Comparative Examples C1-C4 were prepared by impregnating Comparative Example D with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting comparative examples are listed in Table 2.

[0044] Comparative Examples C5-C6 were prepared by impregnating Comparative Example E with SiO2 and calcining the mixture in air at a temperature below 1000 °C. The composition of the resulting comparative examples is listed in Table 3.

[0045] Samples 1 to 3 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example B. First, sodium aluminate, commercially obtained from Sigma Aldrich (#13404), was dissolved in water to form an impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a specified amount of Comparative Example B to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was then dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting Samples are listed in Table 1. Additionally, Figure 1 shows an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Sample 1 and Sample 3, with Sample 3 having a higher amount of sodium aluminate loading.

[0046] Samples 4 to 7 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example B. First, potassium silicate solutions Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 28 / 50 Samples 18 / 29 were commercially obtained from Zaclon (Zacsil 30 or Zacsil 865) and were used as the impregnation solution. A given quantity of impregnation solution was added to a given quantity of Comparative Example B to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was then subjected to drying at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 1.

[0047] Samples 8 to 10 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example B. First, the sodium silicate solution was commercially obtained from Sigma Aldrich (#338443) and used as the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was added to a given quantity of Comparative Example B to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting Samples are listed in Table 1.

[0048] Samples 11 to 13 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example B. First, sodium silicate and sodium aluminate were commercially obtained and combined to form an aqueous impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example B to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting Samples are listed in Table 1.

[0049] Samples 14-17 were prepared by impregnating Comparative Example C. First, a commercially obtained sodium silicate solution was used as the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Example C. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 29 / 50 19 / 29 Comparative C for forming an impregnated material. The impregnated material was subjected to drying at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 2.

[0050] Samples 18-19 were prepared by impregnating Comparative Example C. First, sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide were commercially obtained and combined to form an aqueous impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example C to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was subjected to drying at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting Samples are listed in Table 2.

[0051] Samples 20 to 22 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example D. First, potassium silicate solutions were obtained commercially from Zaclon (Zacsil 30) and combined with potassium hydroxide to form the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example D to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 2.

[0052] Samples 23-25 ​​were prepared by impregnating Comparative Example C. First, commercially obtained sodium aluminate was dissolved in water to form an impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example C to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 30 / 50 20 / 29 The resulting samples were listed in Table 2.

[0053] Sample 26 was prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example D. First, a commercially obtained sodium silicate solution was used as the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example E to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 3.

[0054] Sample 27 was prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example E. First, a commercially obtained sodium silicate solution was used as the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a given quantity of Comparative Example E to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 4.

[0055] Samples 28 to 30 were prepared by impregnation of Comparative Example F. First, a commercially obtained sodium silicate solution was used as the impregnation solution. The impregnation solution was then added to a specified amount of Comparative Example E to form an impregnated material. The impregnated material was dried at a temperature below 200 °C, followed by calcination in air at less than 1000 °C for 6 hours. The compositions of the resulting samples are listed in Table 5. Example 2 - Performance of ethane dehydrogenation

[0056] Tests of oxygen-carrying materials were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. A 0.5 g portion of the sample was loaded into a quartz bulb with a diameter of 0.5 in. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 31 / 50 A 2 1 / 29 inch outer diameter tube was connected to a quartz tube with a 6.5 mm outer diameter. The sample bed was supported on a quartz wool base and a 0.5 to 1.0 mm layer of quartz fragments. The empty space in the quartz bulb above the sample bed was filled with 0.5 to 1.0 mm of quartz fragments. The reactor was installed in a clamshell furnace and a helium flow at 50 sccm was initiated through the reactor tube. The reactor was then heated, under a 40 standard cubic centimeter (sccm) airflow, from ambient temperature to 780 °C. The oxygen-carrying materials were subjected to several cyclic sequences – each cycle comprising ethane dehydrogenation (reduction) and air regeneration (oxidation) with inert nitrogen purging in the reactor tube between the reduction and oxidation pulses. The ethane dehydrogenation steps were performed at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 7 h-1.Specifically, 52.72 sccm of a gas mixture containing 90 mol% ethane and 10 mol% helium were fed through the reactor for 60 seconds while the reactor was maintained at 780 °C. Product gas composition analysis was performed at 30 seconds during the dehydrogenation reaction pulse (halfway). During the air regeneration steps, 40 sccm of air were fed through the reactor for 10 minutes. Between each ethane dehydrogenation and air regeneration step, the reactor tube was purged with 40 sccm of nitrogen for 2 minutes. Product gas compositions were analyzed using a Siemens Maxim process gas chromatograph. For each oxygen carrier material, multiple replicated reduction-oxidation cycles were performed, and the average ethane conversion, ethylene selectivity, COx selectivity, and hydrogen:ethylene ratio are reported. Table 1 Sample Oxygen carrier Promoter(s) Promoter loading [% by weight] Cl2I conversion [%] C2H4 concentration [%] COx concentration [%] H2 / C2H4 ratio A none none 0 22.9 96.7 0.1 1.02 B CaMnO3 none 0 31.7 89.4 7.3 0.33 C1 CaMnO3 NaAlO2 1.0 30.1 94.1 2.2 0.54 Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 32 / 50 22 / 29 Sample Oxygen carrier Promoter(s) Promoter loading [% by weight] Conv. of C2I I(, [%] Known of C2H4 [%] Known of COx [%] Ratio H2 / C2H4 2 CaMnO3 NaAlO? 2.9 29.4 94.1 2.4 0.39 3 CaMnO3 NaAlO? 8.3 24.6 94.4 2.5 0.35 4 CaMnO3 K2O(SiO2)3.9 0.9 26.9 93.9 2.9 0.54 5 CaMnO3 K2O(SiO2)3.9 1.7 32.9 93.0 3.0 0.48 6 CaMnO3 K2O(SiO2)3.3 1.2 26.4 93.2 3.6 0.59 7 CaMnO3 K2O(SiO2)3.3 2.3 34.1 91.7 4.3 0.39 8 CaMnO3 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 1.0 30.6 93.4 2.9 0.45 9 CaMnO3 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 3.1 31.1 92.8 3.4 0.32 10 CaMnO3 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 5.0 29.7 92.7 3.8 0.27 11 CaMnO3 NaAlO2+ Na2O(SiO2)3.5 1.0+1.0 27.4 94.1 2.6 0.49 12 CaMnO3 NaAlO2+ Na2O(SiO2)3.5 2.9 + 1.0 30.6 93.8 2.4 0.53 13 CaMnO3 NaAlO2+ Na2O(SiO2)3.5 8.2+ 1.0 23.1 94.6 2.4 0.51

[0057] As shown in Table 1, the presence of an oxygen carrier (Comparative Example B) improves the ethane conversion percentage and the hydrogen-to-ethylene ratio compared to a reaction without an oxygen carrier (Comparative Example A). However, the oxygen carrier without a promoter (Comparative Example B) was not as selective for hydrogen combustion as it was for hydrocarbon combustion in the reactor, resulting in a significantly higher COx selectivity percentage than any sample with a promoter present (Samples 1 to 13), indicating that hydrocarbon combustion with oxygen from the oxygen carrier occurred at a higher rate for the unpromoted oxygen carrier. Table 2 Sample Oxygen Carrier Promoter Promoter Loading [% by weight] C2I Conversion I(, (%) C2H4 Selectivity [%] COx Selectivity [%] H2 / C2H4 Ratio C MnO? none 0 47.2 51.7 46.0 0.09 C1 MnO? Na2O 1.4 32.1 77.1 19.9 0.17 C2 MnO2 Na2O 4.0 37.0 76.5 20.3 0.11 C3 MnO2 Na2O 6.7 33.5 76.8 20.3 0.13 C4 MnO2 Na2O 9.9 33.8 78.6 18.3 0.14 C5 MnO2 S1O2 2.0 45.6 52.6 45.1 0.11 C6 MnO2 S1O2 5.0 47.3 55.3 41.7 0.14 14 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 1.1 29.9 86.7 8.9 0.16 15 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 3.1 24.5 93.6 2.7 0.21 16 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 5.0 26.5 94.4 1.8 0.27 17 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 6.5 31.6 93.1 2.6 0.42 18 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)1.0 5.0 24.8 94.2 2.2 0.45 19 MnO2 Na2O(SiO2)0.3 5.0 34.0 91.5 4.2 0.19 20 MnO2 K2O(SiO2)3.9 3.0 26.0 88.4 8.3 0.19 21 MnO2 K2O(SiO2)1.0 3.0 33.0 77.8 16.1 0.11 22 MnO2 K2O(SiO2)0.3 3.0 30.4 69.6 24.8 0.13 23 MnO2 NaAlO2 1.0 34.0 72.7 24.8 0.15 24 MnO2 NaAlO2 2.9 38.3 74.2 22.5 0.11 25 MnO2 NaAlO2 8.3 31.3 81.8 14.9 0.14 Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 33 / 50 23 / 29

[0058] As shown in Table 2, the Samples with a promoter, Comparative Examples C1 to C6 and Samples 14 to 25, had significantly lower COx selectivity than the Sample without a promoter, Comparative Example C. Table 2 also demonstrates that the samples with a promoter of the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r, as described earlier in this document, (e.g., Samples 14 to 25) had one or more of the following: improved ethane conversion, improved ethylene selectivity, improved COx selectivity, or an improved hydrogen-to-ethylene ratio compared to Comparative Examples C1 to C7 which had promoters that do not have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r, as described earlier in this document. Table 3 Sample Oxygen carrier Promoter Promoter loading [% by weight] C2I conversion I<, (%) C2H4 selectivity [%] COx selectivity [%] H2 / C2H4 ratio D CuO none 0 28.7 49.9 47.8 0.25 26 CuO Na2O(SiO2)3.5 5 38.8 56.3 40.3 0.13

[0059] As shown in Table 3, Samples with a promoter (namely, Sample 26) had significantly higher C2H4 selectivity and significantly lower COx selectivity than the comparison Sample D which did not have a promoter. Table 4 Sample Oxygen carrier Promoter Promoter loading [% by weight] C2I conversion I<, (%) C2H4 selectivity [%] COx selectivity [%] H2 / C2H4 ratio CeO2 none 0 29.1 72.6 21.2 1.72 27 CeO2 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 5 21.5 95.1 1.6 0.88

[0060] As shown in Table 4, Samples with a promoter (e.g., Sample 27) had significantly higher C2H4 selectivity and significantly lower COx selectivity than the comparative Example E, which did not have a promoter. bee 5 Sample Oxygen Carrier Promoter Promoter Loading [% by weight] C2H Conversion [%] C2H4 Selection [%] COx Selection [%] H2 / C2H4 Ratio and Fe2Os None 0 28.4 72.4 23.7 0.86 29 Fe2O3 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 1.1 26.2 80.5 15.2 0.11 30 Fe2Os Na2O(SiO2)3.5 2.1 36.3 79.7 14.8 0.09 31 Fe2O3 Na2O(SiO2)3.5 3.4 25.4 83.9 12.1 0.16 Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 34 / 50 24 / 29

[0061] As shown in Table 5, Samples with a promoter (e.g., Samples 29 to 30) have significantly improved hydrogen to ethylene ratio and COx selectivity compared to Comparative Example D with the same oxygen carrier but without a promoter. Example 3 - X-ray diffraction pattern of powder samples of oxygen-carrying materials

[0062] Figure 2 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Samples 1 and 3. As shown in Figure 2, the peaks associated with sodium aluminate are only detectable at the highest loadings of Sample 3. The presence of sodium aluminate peaks in the Sample 3 pattern indicates that the impregnation successfully introduced sodium aluminate as a promoter in the oxygen carrier. The low promoter levels in Sample 1 mean that, although sodium aluminate peaks are not visible, it can be inferred from the peaks of Sample 3 that the impregnation of Sample 1 also successfully introduced sodium aluminate in the oxygen carrier.

[0063] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redoxative metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r. In the formula, the sum of u, v and w may be equal to 1, the sum of x and y may be equal to 1, z may be greater than 1.5 and r may be from 0.02 to 20.

[0064] A second aspect of the present disclosure may include the first aspect, and a ratio between the weight of the redoxative metal oxide and the weight of the composition including alkali is greater than or equal to 5:1.

[0065] A third aspect of the present disclosure may include any of the foregoing aspects or a combination of aspects, wherein the redox-active metal oxide is an oxide of a metal selected from Fe, Mn, Cu, Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 35 / 50 25 / 29 Ni, Co or Ce.

[0066] A fourth aspect of the present disclosure may include any of the foregoing aspects or a combination of aspects, wherein the redox-active metal oxide is an oxide of a metal selected from Fe and Mn.

[0067] A fifth aspect of the present disclosure may include any of the foregoing aspects or a combination of aspects, wherein the redox-active metal oxide is selected from Fe2Os, FeO, Mn2Os, MnO, CaMnOs, Mg6MnOs, LaSrMnOs, LaSrFeOs, FeTiOs, Fe2TiO5, FesTisO10 or BaMnOs.

[0068] A sixth aspect of the present revelation may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, where r is from 0.1 to 10.

[0069] A seventh aspect of the present revelation may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, with x or y being equal to 1.

[0070] An eighth aspect of the present revelation may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, wherein any one of u, v, or w equals 1.

[0071] A ninth aspect of the present disclosure may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, and the composition including alkali is boron-free.

[0072] A tenth aspect of the present disclosure may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, and the composition including alkali is selected from the group consisting of NaAlO2, KAlO2, Na4SiO4, Na6Si2O4, Na-Si(U Na2SiO5, Na6Si6O19, K2SiOs, K2Si2O5 or K2Si4O9.

[0073] An eleventh aspect of the present disclosure may include any previous aspect or combination of aspects, wherein at least 95% by weight of the oxygen-carrying material comprises the combination of the redox-active metal oxide and the composition including alkali.

[0074] In a twelfth aspect of the present revelation, a Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 36 / 50 26 / 29 A method for producing an oxygen-carrying material may comprise providing a redox-active metal oxide, impregnating the redox-active metal oxide with an aqueous solution comprising one or more water-soluble alkali silicates, alkali aluminates, or alkali aluminosilicates to produce an impregnated redox-active metal oxide, drying the impregnated redox-active metal oxide, and calcining the impregnated redox-active metal oxide to produce the oxygen-carrying material. The oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r. In the formula, the sum of u, v, and w may equal 1, the sum of x and y may equal 1, z may be greater than 1.5, and r may be from 0.02 to 20.

[0075] A thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure may include the twelfth aspect, with the aqueous solution having a pH greater than 7.

[0076] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for producing olefinic compounds may comprise placing a feed stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons in a reactor in contact with an oxygen-carrying material. In the reactor, the one or more hydrocarbons may be dehydrogenated to form hydrogen and one or more olefinic compounds, and at least a portion of the hydrogen may be reacted with oxygen from the oxygen-carrying material to produce water. The method may also comprise passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material to a regeneration unit and passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material from the regeneration unit to the reactor. The oxygen-carrying material may comprise a redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali. The composition including alkali may have the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r.In the formula, the sum of u, v, and w can be equal to 1, the sum of x and y can be equal to 1, z can be greater than 1.5, and r can be... Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 37 / 50 27 / 29 from 0.02 to 20.

[0077] A fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure may include the fourteenth aspect, with one or more hydrocarbons comprising ethane and one or more olefinic compounds comprising ethylene.

[0078] It will be evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the presently disclosed technology without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology. As modifications, combinations, subcombinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments embodying the spirit and substance of the presently disclosed technology can occur to those skilled in the art, the technology should be interpreted to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Furthermore, although some aspects of the present disclosure may be identified herein as preferential or particularly advantageous, it is anticipated that the present disclosure is not limited to those aspects.

[0079] It should be noted that the various details described in this disclosure should not be considered as implying that these details refer to elements that are essential components of the various embodiments described in this disclosure, even in cases where a particular element is illustrated in each of the drawings accompanying this description. Unless specifically identified as such, no feature disclosed and described in this document should be interpreted as essential. The embodiments contemplated by this technology include those that include some or all of the features of the appended claims.

[0080] For the purposes of describing and defining the present disclosure, it is noted that the term "approximately" is used in this disclosure to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that can be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. The term "approximately" is also used in this disclosure to represent the degree to which a Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 38 / 50 28 / 29 quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter.

[0081] In relevant cases, where a composition is described as comprising one or more elements, embodiments of that composition consisting of, or consisting essentially of, those one or more elements are contemplated in this document.

[0082] It should be understood that the compositional ranges of a chemical constituent in a stream or in a reactor should be considered as containing, in some embodiments, a mixture of isomers of that constituent. For example, a compositional range specifying butene may include a mixture of several butene isomers. It should be considered that the examples provide compositional ranges for various streams and that the total amount of isomers of a specific chemical composition may constitute a range.

[0083] Note that one or more of the following claims and the detailed description use the terms where or in which as a transitional phrase. For the purpose of defining the present technology, it should be mentioned that this term is introduced in the claims as an unlimited transitional expression, which is used to introduce a citation of a series of features of the structure and should be interpreted similarly to the more commonly used inclusive, unlimited preamble term.

[0084] It should be understood that any two quantitative values ​​assigned to a property may constitute a range of that property, and all combinations of ranges formed from all indicated quantitative values ​​of a given property are considered in this disclosure. When multiple ranges for a quantitative value are provided, these ranges may be combined to form a wider range, which is contemplated in the embodiments described in this document. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 39 / 50 29 / 29

[0085] As would be understood in the context of the term as used herein, the term passage may include directly passing a substance between two portions of the disclosed system and, in some other cases, mean indirectly passing a substance between two portions of the disclosed system. For example, indirect passage may include steps where the named substance passes through an intermediate operating unit, valve, sensor, etc. Petition 870250073439, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, pp. 40 / 50

Claims

1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Oxygen-carrying material, characterized in that it comprises: a redox-active metal oxide; and a composition including alkali having the formula NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r, wherein: u + v + w = ​​1; x + y = 1; z is greater than 1.5; ré is from 0.02 to 20; and wherein the ratio between the weight of the redox-active metal oxide and the weight of the composition including alkali is greater than or equal to 5:

1.

2. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the redoxative metal oxide is an oxide of a metal selected from Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co or Ce.

3. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the redoxative metal oxide is an oxide of a metal selected from Fe and Mn.

4. Oxygen-carrying material according to claim 1, characterized in that the redox-active metal oxide is selected from Fe2O3, FeO, Mn2O3, MnO, CaMnO3, MgOMnOs, LaSrMnO3, LaSrFeO3, FeTiO3, Fe2TiO5, Fe3Ti3O10 or BaMnO3.

5. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that r is from 0.1 to 10.

6. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of x or y is equal to 1.

7. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of u, v, or w is equal to 1.

8. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition including alkali is boron-free.

9. Oxygen-carrying material according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition including alkali is selected from the group consisting of NaAlOi, KAlOi, NaiSiOd, NaeSiiO?, NaiSiOs, NaiSiOs, Na6Si6Oi9, KiSiOs, K2S12O5 or K2Si4O9.

10. Oxygen-carrying material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least 95%, by weight, of the oxygen-carrying material comprises a combination of redox-active metal oxide and a composition including alkali.

11. Method for producing an oxygen-carrying material, characterized in that it comprises: providing a redox-active metal oxide; impregnating the redox-active metal oxide with an aqueous solution comprising one or more water-soluble alkali silicates, alkali aluminates or alkali aluminosilicates to produce an impregnated redox-active metal oxide; drying the impregnated redox-active metal oxide; and calcining the impregnated redox-active metal oxide to produce the oxygen-carrying material; wherein the oxygen-carrying material comprises: a redox-active metal oxide; and a composition including alkali having the formula NauKvLiw (SixAlyOz)r, wherein: u + v + w = ​​1; x + y = 1; z is greater than 1.5; Petition 870250073439, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, p. 49 / 50 3 / 3 ré from 0.02 to 20; and wherein the ratio between the weight of the redox-active metal oxide and the weight of the composition including alkali is greater than or equal to 5:

1.

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the aqueous solution has a pH greater than 7.

13. Method for producing olefinic compounds, the method being characterized in that it comprises: placing a feed stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons in a reactor, in contact with an oxygen-carrying material, wherein, in the reactor: the one or more hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated to form hydrogen and one or more olefinic compounds; and at least a portion of the hydrogen is reacted with the oxygen of the oxygen-carrying material to produce water; passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material to a regeneration unit; and passing at least a portion of the oxygen-carrying material from the regeneration unit to the reactor; wherein the oxygen-carrying material comprises: a redox-active metal oxide; and a composition including alkali having the formula NauKvLiw(SixAlyOz)r, wherein: u + v + w = ​​1; x + y = 1; z is greater than 1.5; er is from 0.02 to 20.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that one or more hydrocarbons comprise ethane and one or more olefinic compounds comprise ethylene. Petition 870250073439, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, page 50 / 50

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