METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING STATISTICAL INFORMATION

Abstract

The present disclosure describes methods, system, and devices for determining statistical information. The method includes reporting, by a user equipment (UE), a duration to a base station, wherein: the reported duration indicates, to the base station, at least one of an evaluation duration, a fallback duration and a starting time, and the fallback duration corresponds to a fallback power class applied that is a lower transmission power than a declared or supported power class. The method may further include determining, by the UE, whether a duty cycle during the evaluation duration is larger than a maximum duty cycle, and in response to determining that the duty cycle is larger, sending, by the UE, uplink transmission with the fallback power class, wherein the fallback power class comprises one of a reduced power class and a default power class.

Description

1 / 39 METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING STATISTICAL INFORMATION TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] The present invention relates generally to wireless communications. In particular, the present invention relates to methods, devices and systems for determining statistical information. BACKGROUND

[002] Wireless communication technologies are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. High-speed, low-latency wireless communications depend on the efficient management of network resources and their allocation between user equipment and wireless access network nodes (including, but not limited to, base stations). A next-generation network is expected to provide high-speed, low-latency, and ultra-reliable communication capabilities, while also meeting the requirements of different sectors and users.

[003] In a wireless communication system, a user equipment (UE) may have the capability to support one or more power classes different from the UE's standard power class for the band, and the supported power class allows for a higher maximum output power than that of the standard power class. When a percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period (e.g., duty cycle) is greater than a threshold (e.g., maximum duty cycle), the UE may apply all the requirements of the standard power class to the supported power class. There are several problems associated with this implementation. For example, one problem may be that, although the evaluation period is at least one radio frame, a base station may not know the exact evaluation period the UE used and therefore... Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 8 / 73 2 / 39 Also, not knowing the duration of the standard power class applied can lead to some ambiguity in uplink power control. Another problem may include that, if full duplex is applied in a non-overlapping sub-band, and an uplink sub-band is introduced in downlink or flexible symbols, it is not certain how to calculate the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period.

[004] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information, addressing at least one of the issues / problems discussed in the present description. SUMMARY

[005] This document relates to methods, systems and devices for wireless communication and, more specifically, for determining statistical information. The various embodiments of the present invention may include a novel method for determining statistical information, which is beneficial for improving the efficient use of a UE power class, improving base station scheduling decisions, increasing resource utilization efficiency and / or increasing wireless communication performance.

[006] In one embodiment, the present invention describes a method for wireless communication. The method includes reporting, by a user equipment (UE), a duration to a base station, wherein: the reported duration indicates, for the base station, at least one of an evaluation duration, a fallback duration, and an initial time, and the fallback duration corresponds to an applied fallback power class that is a lower transmit power than a declared or supported power class. The method may also include determining, by the UE, whether a duty cycle over the evaluation duration is greater than a maximum duty cycle and, in response to the determination that the duty cycle is greater than the maximum duty cycle, Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 9 / 73 3 / 39 work over the duration of the evaluation is greater than the maximum duty cycle, send, via the UE, the uplink transmission with the fallback power class, wherein the fallback power class comprises one of a reduced power class and a standard power class. Duty cycle means the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period.

[007] In some other embodiments, a wireless communication device may include a memory that stores instructions and a processing circuit in communication with the memory. When the processing circuit executes the instructions, it is configured to execute the above methods.

[008] In some other embodiments, a wireless communication device may include a memory that stores instructions and a processing circuit in communication with the memory. When the processing circuit executes the instructions, it is configured to execute the above methods.

[009] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprises instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the above methods. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transient computer-readable medium.

[0010] The above aspects and others and their implementations are described in more detail in the drawings, descriptions and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication system that includes a wireless network node and one or more user devices.

[0012] Figure 2 shows an exemplary network node.

[0013] Figure 3 shows an example of user equipment. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 10 / 73 4 / 39 active.

[0014] Figure 4A shows a flowchart of a method for wireless communication.

[0015] Figure 4B shows a flowchart of another method for wireless communication.

[0016] Figure 5A shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.

[0017] Figure 5B shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication.

[0018] Figure 5C shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication.

[0019] Figure 6A shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication.

[0020] Figure 6B shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication.

[0021] Figure 7A shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication.

[0022] Figure 7B shows a schematic diagram of another exemplary modality for wireless communication. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the present invention and which show, by way of illustration, specific examples of embodiments. Note that the present invention can, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the subject matter covered or claimed should be interpreted as not being limited to any of the embodiments to be presented below.

[0024] Throughout the descriptive report and claims, terms may have different meanings, suggested or implied in the context, in addition to an explicitly stated meaning. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 11 / 73 5 / 39 Similarly, the expression "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments," as used herein, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the expression "in another embodiment" or "in other embodiments," as used herein, does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. The expression "in one implementation" or "in some implementations," as used herein, does not necessarily refer to the same implementation, and the expression "in another implementation" or "in other implementations," as used herein, does not necessarily refer to a different implementation. It is intended, for example, that the claimed subject matter includes exemplary combinations of embodiments or implementations, in whole or in part.

[0025] In general, terminology can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, terms such as and, or, or and / or, as used in this document, may include a variety of meanings that may depend, at least in part, on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, or, if used to associate a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, used in this document inclusively, as well as A, B, or C, used in this document exclusively. Furthermore, the term one or more or at least one, as used in this document depending, at least in part, on the context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in an individual sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense.Similarly, terms such as a, an, or the, again, can be understood to convey an individual use or to convey a plural use depending, at least in part, on the context. Furthermore, the term based on or of. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 12 / 73 6 / 39 ending with can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may instead allow for the existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, depending, again, at least in part, on the context.

[0026] The present invention describes methods and devices for determining statistical information.

[0027] Next-generation (NG) mobile communication systems are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. High-speed, low-latency wireless communications depend on efficient management of network resources and allocation between user equipment and wireless access network nodes (including, but not limited to, wireless base stations). A next-generation network is expected to provide high-speed, low-latency, and ultra-reliable communication capabilities, while also meeting the requirements of different sectors and users.

[0028] Fourth-generation (4G), Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or LTEAdvance (LTE-A) mobile communication technology and fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology are facing ever-increasing demands. Based on current development trends, 4G and 5G systems are developing support for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC). In some implementations, increased coverage may be a requirement for 4G, 5G, and / or later generation communication systems.

[0029] In a wireless communication system, a user device (UE) may have the ability to support one or Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 13 / 73 7 / 39 More power classes different from the UE's standard power class for the band and the supported power class allow for a higher maximum output power than that of the standard power class. When a percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period (e.g., duty cycle) is greater than a threshold (e.g., maximum duty cycle), the UE may apply all the requirements of the standard power class to the supported power class. There are several problems associated with this implementation. For example, one problem may be that, although the evaluation period is at least one radio frame, a base station (or a wireless communication node) may not know the exact evaluation period that the UE used and also may not know the duration of the applied standard power class, which may lead to some ambiguity issues in uplink power control.Another problem may include the fact that, in the case of applying full duplex in non-overlapping sub-band, an uplink sub-band is introduced in downlink or flexible symbols, making it unclear how to calculate the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period.

[0030] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information, addressing at least one of the issues / problems discussed in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 that includes a wireless network node (or a wireless communication node) 118 and one or more user equipment (UE) (or a wireless communication device) 110. The wireless network node may include a network base station, which may be a B node (NB, for example, a gNB) in a mobile telecommunications context. Each UE may communicate wirelessly with the wireless network node via one or more radio channels 115 for downlink / uplink communication. For example, Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, page 14 / 73 8 / 39 pi, a first UE 110 can wirelessly communicate with a wireless network node 118 via a channel that includes a plurality of radio channels during a given period of time. The network base station 118 can send high-layer signaling to the UE 110. The high-layer signaling may include configuration information for communication between the UE and the base station. In one implementation, the high-layer signaling may include a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0032] Figure 2 shows an exemplary electronic device 200 for implementing a network base station. The exemplary electronic device 200 may include a radio transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) circuit 208 for transmitting / receiving communication with UEs and / or other base stations. The electronic device 200 may also include a network interface circuit 209 for communicating the base station with other base stations and / or a central network, for example, optical or wired interconnects, Ethernet and / or other data transmission means / protocols. The electronic device 200 may optionally include an input / output (I / O) interface 206 for communicating with an operator or similar.

[0033] The electronic device 200 may also include the system circuit 204. The system circuit 204 may include the processor(s) 221 and / or the memory 222. The memory 222 may include an operating system 224, instructions 226, and parameters 228. The instructions 226 may be configured so that one or more of the processors 124 perform the network node functions. The parameters 228 may include parameters to support the execution of the instructions 226. For example, the parameters may include network protocol settings, bandwidth parameters, mapping assignments. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 15 / 73 9 / 39 radiofrequency and / or other parameters.

[0034] Figure 3 shows an exemplary electronic device for implementing a terminal device 300 (e.g., user equipment (UE)). The UE 300 can be a mobile device, for example, a smartphone or a mobile communication module located in a vehicle. The UE 300 can include communication interfaces 302, a system circuit 304, input / output (I / O) interfaces 306, a display circuit 308, and a storage device 309. The display circuit can include a user interface 310. The system circuit 304 can include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic circuits. The system circuit 304 can be implemented, for example, with one or more systems on a chip (SoCs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), distinct analog and digital circuits, and other circuits.The system circuit 304 can be part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 300. In this sense, the system circuit 304 can include logic that facilitates, for example, the decoding and playback of music and video, for example, MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3 or WAV; the execution of applications; the acceptance of user inputs; the saving and retrieval of application data; the establishment, maintenance and termination of cellular calls or data connections for, for example, internet connectivity; the establishment, maintenance and termination of wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections or other connections; and the display of relevant information on the user interface 310.The user interface 310 and the input / output (I / O) interfaces 306 may include a graphical user interface, a touch screen, haptic feedback or other tactile output, voice or facial recognition inputs, buttons, switches, speakers, and other interface elements. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 16 / 73 10 / 39 user. Additional examples of 306 I / O interfaces may include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headphone and microphone input / output connectors, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., infrared sensors), and other types of inputs.

[0035] With reference to Figure 3, the communication interfaces 302 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) circuit 316 that controls the transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 314. The communication interface 302 may include one or more transceivers. The transceivers may be wireless transceivers that include modulation / demodulation circuits, digital-to-analog converters (DACs), modeling tables, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), filters, waveform shapers, filters, preamplifiers, power amplifiers and / or other logic for transmission and reception through one or more antennas or (for some devices) through a physical medium (e.g., wired).The transmitted and received signals can adhere to any of a diverse range of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM), frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As a specific example, 302 communication interfaces may include transceivers that support transmission and reception in 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, and / or 6G standards. The techniques described below, however, are applicable to... Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 17 / 73 11 / 39 other wireless communication technologies, whether they originate from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partnerships or standardization bodies.

[0036] Referring to Figure 3, the system circuit 304 may include one or more processors 321 and memories 322. Memory 322 stores, for example, an operating system 324, instructions 326, and parameters 328. Processor 321 is configured to execute instructions 326 to perform the desired functionality for the UE 300. Parameters 328 may provide and specify configuration and operation options for instructions 326. Memory 322 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or other data that the UE 300 will send or receive through the communication interfaces 302. In various implementations, system power for the UE 300 may be supplied by a power storage device, such as a battery or a transformer.

[0037] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information, which can be implemented, partially or totally, in the network base station and / or in the user equipment described above in Figures 2 and 3. The various embodiments of the present invention can enable efficient wireless transmission in the telecommunications system, which can increase the efficiency of resource utilization and / or optimize the latency performance of URLLC traffic.

[0038] In some implementations of a wireless communication system, for a single uplink carrier (UL), a UE may be authorized to define its maximum configured output power PcMAX,f,c for a carrier f of a cell in service c. The maximum configured output power PcMAX,f,c may be defined within the following limits: PcMAX_L,f,c - PcMAX_H,f,c - PcMAX_H,f,c, where PcMAX_L,f,c and PcMAX_H,f,c depend on Ppowerclass and Ppowerclass,c, c is the linear value of the power. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 18 / 73 12 / 39 maximum of the EU for the cell in service c or ue-PowerClass without taking into account the tolerance.

[0039] In some implementations of a wireless communication system, for an uplink Carrier Aggregation (UL), a UE may be allowed to set its maximum configured output power Pcmax,c for a cell in service and its total maximum configured output power Pcmax. The total maximum configured output power Pcmax may be set within the following limits: Pcmax_l Pcmax Pcmax_h, where Pcmax_l and Pcmax_h depend on Pp0Werciass,cA. The maximum power class (Power Class - PC) of Ppowerciass.cA may be PC2, whose power that can be used in UL CA is restricted by PpOwerciass,cA. In some cases, P PpOwerciass,cA is replaced by 10 logw Σ PPowerClass,c, which is also referred to as aggregate power in UL CA, where Pp0Werciass,c is the linear value of the maximum power of the UE to meet cell c or ue-PowerClass without taking tolerance into account.

[0040] In some implementations, a power headroom (PHR) calculation can be performed as follows. typel,=^CMAX, / ,c (0-{ ^O_PUSCH,fe, / ,c (7)+ΙθΙθδίοΑ^ ' R]>,.h ,f,c (0)ab,f,ÁJ\(qd) + (í) + fbj (i,l) | [dB] where PcMAKj^W is the maximum output power configured by the UE for a carrier / of a cell in service during PUSCH transmission. {pd_Pusch^c( / ) + are related to the open-loop power control parameters, where pD PlJ3CH^c( / ) = Pd_ndmimalpuswlc( / ) (cell-specific) + Fd_ue_pusch^( / J) (UE-specific), {pd_ue_pusch^c( / )> θ determined by PO-PUSCH-AlphaSet and the SRI indication; This is an estimate of downlink path loss in dB. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 19 / 73 13 / 39 calculated by the EU using the reference signal index (Reference Signal - RS) for the active DL BWP of the carrier ? of the cell in service c; which is related to the closed-loop power control parameter. For the power control adjustment state PUSCH / b / c(i, / ) for active UL BWP b of the carrier / of the cell in service c on the occasion of transmission PUSCH i,e{θ' . fb,f,c (b=fb,f,c (Z - Z0 Ό+Σ AuSCH.è, / ,c 0 / / / =0 j where ^pusch,z>, / ,c(zA)um va|or de comanc|Q decontrole de poder de transmissão ( Transmission Power Control - TPC) que está inclui em um formato DCI 0_0 ou formato DCI 0_1 que agenda a acaso de transmissão de PUSCH na UL BWP ativa b da carária f da celular em serviço c. where, θ is the bandwidth of the PUSCH resource allocation expressed as the number of resource blocks for the occasion of PUSCH transmission i on the active UL BWP b of the carrier / cell in service ce μ is an SCS configuration. This is a number of resource blocks (RB) for PUSCH that reflects the impact of bandwidth on Tx power: ^TFA / ,cv)—V / offset / Ks=1.25J' para5eAtf,v,c (z)= 0paraKS = θ where -s' is given by deltaMCS for each active UL BWP b of the carrier / of the cell in service c. This is a function of bits per resource element (BPRE) that reflects the impact of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) on the transmission power. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 20 / 73 14 / 39

[0041] With reference to Figure 4A, the present invention describes various embodiments of a method 400 for wireless communication. The method 400 can be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment). The method 400 may include step 410, reporting, by a user equipment (UE), a duration to a base station, wherein: the reported duration indicates, for the base station, at least one of an evaluation duration, a fallback duration and an initial time, and the fallback duration corresponds to an applied fallback power class that is a transmission power lower than a declared power class or one for which there is support.

[0042] With reference to Figure 4B, method 400 may further include part or all of the following steps: step 460, determine, by the UE, whether a duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation is greater than a maximum duty cycle, and / or step 470, in response to the determination that the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation is greater than the maximum duty cycle, send, by the UE, the uplink transmission with the fallback power class, where the fallback power class comprises a reduced power class and a standard power class.

[0043] In several embodiments of the present invention, duty cycle means the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period.

[0044] In some implementations, the reported duration indicates, for the base station, the evaluation duration and the fallback duration; and / or an initial time of the fallback duration is a first symbol in a subsequent duration after the evaluation duration.

[0045] In some implementations, the reported duration indicates, for the base station, the fallback duration; and / or an initial time of the fallback duration is a first symbol in the reported duration or is Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 21 / 73 15 / 39 reported by at least one radio frame index and one slot index.

[0046] In some implementations, the UE sends a power margin report (PHR) to the base station and the PHR comprises the reported duration which indicates the fallback duration.

[0047] In some implementations, the initial fallback duration time is determined by one of the following: the PHR comprises an initial fallback duration time indicated by at least one radio frame index and one slot index; and / or the initial fallback duration time is determined by a time point in the PHR; and / or in response to the PHR being retransmitted, the initial fallback duration time is determined by an initial transmission of the PHR.

[0048] In some implementations, the UE sends a power margin report (PHR) to the base station and the PHR comprises the reported duration which indicates a total duration which includes the duration of the assessment and the duration of the fallback.

[0049] In some implementations, in response to a sub-band full duplex (SBFD) operation, the UE determines the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation as a percentage of transmitted uplink symbols and transmitted uplink SBFD symbols or symbols transmitted to UL during the evaluation period.

[0050] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation, the UE determines the work cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on double counting of SBFD symbols to calculate the total number of symbols within the sub-band.

[0051] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation, the UE determines the work cycle throughout the duration of the assessment based on the exclusion of SBFD symbols for the work cycle. Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, page 22 / 73 16 / 39 lho inside the sub-band.

[0052] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation in a sub-band, the UE determines the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on counting all SBFD symbols as uplink to the duty cycle within the sub-band.

[0053] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation, the UE determines the work cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on considering an original band and subband as two bands separated by: average percentages of uplink symbols from the subband and the original band.

[0054] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation on a sub-band, the UE determines the work cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on considering an original band and the sub-band as two bands separated by: weighted average percentages of uplink symbols from the sub-band which has a first weight and from the original band which has a second weight, where the sum of the two weights is 1.

[0055] In some implementations, the first weight is the SBFD symbols divided by a sum of the SBFD symbols and all symbols, and the second weight is one subtracted from the first weight; or the first weight is the SBFD symbols divided by all symbols, and the second weight is one subtracted from the first weight.

[0056] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation in a sub-band, the UE determines the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on a first secondary evaluation duration for SBFD symbols and a second secondary evaluation duration for other symbols by: adding a first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols during the first secondary evaluation duration and a second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 23 / 73 17 / 39

[0057] In some implementations, the method may also include calculating the average of the first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols during the first secondary evaluation duration and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration, or the weighted average of the first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols during the first secondary evaluation duration and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration.

[0058] In some implementations, in response to an SBFD operation in a sub-band, the UE determines the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation based on the evaluation duration for all symbols and a secondary evaluation duration for the SBFD symbols by: adding a first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols over the secondary evaluation duration and a second percentage of other uplink symbols over the evaluation duration.

[0059] In some implementations, the method also includes calculating the average of the first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols over the secondary duration of the evaluation and the second percentage of other uplink symbols over the duration of the evaluation, or the weighted average of the first percentage of uplink SBFD symbols over the secondary duration of the evaluation and the second percentage of other uplink symbols over the duration of the evaluation.

[0060] In some implementations, SBFD symbols are counted twice or excluded or counted as the entire uplink for the sub-band. Set of Modalities I

[0061] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information, in which a timeline Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 24 / 73 18 / 39 power reduction or recovery. Several methods may include generating reports / configuring a duration / period to determine at least one of the following: evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced / standard power class when the duty cycle is greater than a duty cycle limit (e.g., a maximum duty cycle). In some implementations, a duration / period is equal to the evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced / standard power class. In some implementations, a duration / period is only for the duration of application of the reduced / standard power class.

[0062] In some implementations, the current scheme is to apply 'standard power class' when the percentage of UL symbols is greater than the duty cycle or apply 'supported power class' when the percentage of UL symbols is not greater than the duty cycle. There is no strict / defined schedule for applying reduced power or reverting to supported power.

[0063] In some implementations, to resolve the exact evaluation period and duration of the reduced or standard power class applied are not known for a gNB, a power reduction or recovery schedule is introduced.

[0064] In some implementations, a duration / period is reported / configured to determine at least one of the evaluation period and the duration for applying the reduced / standard power class when a duty cycle is greater than a maximum duty cycle (e.g., 50%).

[0065] For a method (Alternative 1), a duration / period is equal to the evaluation period and the duration for applying the reduced / standard power class. The initial time for applying the 'reduced / standard power class' is the first symbol in the next period. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 25 / 73 19 / 39 when the duty cycle in an evaluation period is greater than the maximum duty cycle. In some implementations, the period value is a radio frame, a plurality of radio frames, or multiples of two radio frames. For example, in the case of multiples of two radio frames, the potential start time is the first symbol of the even frame and the duration / period is two radio frames.

[0066] For another method (Alternative 2), a duration / period is valid only for the duration of the application of the reduced / standard power class. That is, regardless of the value of the evaluation period, the initial time to apply the 'reduced / standard power class' is the first symbol of a period.

[0067] In some implementations, the duration value is two radio frames. For example, the potential start time is the first symbol of each even frame, regardless of whether the evaluation period is one or multiple radio frames.

[0068] In some implementations, if the evaluation period is defined / configured / reported, the initial time can be the first symbol in the next evaluation period and optionally combined with an offset, and the duration can be configured as a factor α x (evaluation period), i.e., α = 0.5, 1.2, etc.

[0069] Several embodiments described in the present invention may offer the following benefits: at least one of the following: the evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced or standard power class may be configured or reported; and / or at least the duration of application of the reduced or standard power class may be known for both gNB and UE. Therefore, it is beneficial to achieve more efficient utilization of the UE's maximum power to improve gNB scheduling decisions. Set of Modalities II

[0070] The present invention describes various embodiments for Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 26 / 73 20 / 39 This section provides statistical information where the power margin report (PHR) is described. In some implementations, various methods may include only the reporting of the applied fallback / standard / reduced power class (PC) duration or the ΔPpowerClass report. In some implementations, various methods may include only the reporting of a total duration / period comprising the evaluation period and the duration of the applied PC fallback. Optionally, the ΔPpowerClass may also be reported with a smaller granularity, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 dB. Optionally, the PC may also be reported, such as 20, 23, 26, or 29 dBm.

[0071] In some implementations, at least one of the evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced / standard power class, or the total duration comprising the evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced / standard power class, are reported together with the PHR report. This serves to report some additional information to a gNB for more efficient power control.

[0072] In some implementations, a Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) field can be used for frequency band 2 (FR2) and can be reused for frequency band 1 (FR1). The additional consideration is to reinterpret the MPE in FR2 to PC or ΔPpowercιass or duration / period in FR1, etc. For example, in the case of reinterpreting the MPE to PC, PC3, PC2, PC1.5, PC1 could be candidate values.

[0073] In some implementations referring to Figure 5A, for an MPE field, when mpe-Reporting-FR2 is configured and the in-service cell operates in FR2 and when the P field is set to 1, this field indicates the power reduction applied to meet MPE requirements. This field indicates an index for Table 1 and the corresponding measured values ​​of P-MPR levels in dB. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 27 / 73 21 / 39 can be specified. The field length is 2 bits. If mpe-Reporting-FR2 is not configured, or if the in-service cell operates in FR1, or if the P field is set to 0, R bits will be present. Figure 5A shows the Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element for the single-entry PHR.

[0074] The R field is a reserved bit and can be set to 0.

[0075] For a power margin (PH) field, this field indicates the power margin level. The field length is 6 bits. The reported PH and corresponding power margin levels can be specified, and the corresponding measured values ​​in dB can be specified.

[0076] For the P field, when mpe-Reporting-FR2 is configured and the in-service cell operates in FR2, the MAC entity should set this field to 0 if the applied P-MPR value, to meet MPE requirements, is less than P-MPR_00, as specified; and to 1 otherwise. When mpe-Reporting-FR2 is not configured or the in-service cell operates in FR1, this field indicates whether power reduction is applied due to power management (as permitted by P-MPRc, as specified). The MAC entity should set the P field to 1 if the corresponding PCMAX,f,c field would have a different value if no power reduction due to power management had been applied.

[0077] For a Pomax^o field, this field indicates the Pcmax^o used for the calculation of the previous PH field. The reported Pcmax^o and the corresponding UE nominal transmission power levels are specified, and the corresponding measured values ​​in dBm are specified. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 28 / 73 22 / 39 Table 1: Effective power reduction for MPE P-MPR MPE Measured P-MPR Value 0 P-MPR_00 1 P-MPR_01 2 P-MPR_02 3 P-MPR_03

[0078] Various modalities may include other PHR reporting enhancement schemes, as described below.

[0079] A scheme (Scheme 1), referring to Figure 5B, includes only the report of an applied fallback / default / reduced power class duration or the ΔPpowerclass report. Optionally, the duration is the same / fixed value. That is, after the duration, it returns to the declared power class and power class fallback when the duty cycle is greater than a duty cycle limit. This scheme can provide the following benefits: for different UE providers, the evaluation period can be different, while the duration applied to the ΔPpowerClass report is fixed / configured / reported / known for gNB and UE; and / or the restriction that prevents the triggering of a PC fallback is not introduced. In some implementations, duration information can be added to the PHR MAC CE.

[0080] In some implementations, the initial duration time can be determined by one of the following methods. For one method (Alternative 1), in addition to the duration being added to the PHR MAC CE, the initial time is also added to the PHR MAC CE; for example, the initial time is indicated by an index of a radio frame and, optionally, an index of a slot within the radio frame. For another method (Alternative 2), the initial time is determined by the reception time of the MAC CE. For another method (Alternative 3), when the PUSCH carrying the MAC CE is received by retransmission, the initial time is determined by the initial transmission of the PUSCH carrying the Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 29 / 73 23 / 39 MAC CE.

[0081] Another scheme (Scheme 2), referring to Figure 5C, includes only the report of a total duration / period that includes the evaluation period and the duration of the applied PC fallback. This scheme can be a trade-off, i.e., only the start of the evaluation and the end of the PC fallback can be known by gNB, while the duration of the start of the applied PC fallback can be variable. This scheme can provide the following benefits: at least one of the evaluation periods and the duration for applying the reduced or standard power class can be configured or reported together with the PHR report.

[0082] In some implementations, the initial time of the period may be the first symbol of each period that begins on radio frame n#0 or may be determined similarly to scheme 1.

[0083] Several embodiments described in the present invention may offer the following benefits: at least one of the following: the evaluation period and the duration of application of the reduced or standard power class may be configured or reported in combination with the PHR report; and / or at least the duration of application of the reduced or standard power class may be known for both gNB and UE. This is beneficial for achieving more efficient utilization of UE's maximum power in order to improve gNB scheduling decisions. Set of Modalities III

[0084] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information in which, in the case of a sub-band introduced for full duplex sub-band (SBFD) operation, the determination of the duty cycle is described.

[0085] Several methods include calculating the duty cycle based on a single band and independently of the sub-band Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 30 / 73 24 / 39 DL / UL. In some implementations, for a single band, the duty cycle is the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL (the percentage of symbols transmitted to UL) in a given evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is no less than a radio frame. In some implementations, SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period may be counted twice for the duty cycle within the sub-band. In some implementations, SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period may not be counted for the calculation of the duty cycle within the sub-band. In some implementations, SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period may be counted as 100% for the calculation of the duty cycle within the sub-band.

[0086] Several modalities include calculating the duty cycle based on the sub-band level for duty cycle calculation. In some implementations, two (or three) sub-bands may be used to calculate the average percentage of uplink symbols when calculating the average or weighted average percentage of uplink symbols from the UL sub-band and the original band.

[0087] Several modalities include the calculation of the duty cycle based on two evaluation periods. In some implementations, within an evaluation period (i.e., at least one radio frame), two sub-periods are divided: one is the duration of the sub-band for evaluation of SBFD symbols and the remainder is for evaluation of transmitted legacy UL symbols.

[0088] In some implementations, the UE power class is related to the time-division duplex (TDD) duty cycle. When the duty cycle is changed by the SBFD implementation, this can also affect the power class determination. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 31 / 73 25 / 39

[0089] In some implementations, in addition to considering only the time domain, two bands in a band combination (Band Combination - BC) may also be considered. In some circumstances, only interband AC with two bands for the maximum output power of the UE may be specified.

[0090] In some implementations, a duty cycle may be defined as follows. For a single band, the duty cycle is the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period (the exact evaluation period is not less than a radio frame). For interband (two-band) or SUL, the duty cycle is the average percentage of uplink symbols, which is defined as 50% x (DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR,x + DutyNR, y / maxDutyNR,y). DutyNR, x, DutyNR, y represent the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than a radio frame, for NR Band x, NR Band y, respectively. maxDutyNR,x, maxDutyNR,y represent the UE maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 capacity field per band.

[0091] Various modalities include various methods for, in the case of sub-band introduced for SBFD operation, determining the duty cycle.

[0092] For a scheme (Scheme 1), several methods include calculating the duty cycle based on a single band and independently of the DL / UL sub-band through one of the following.

[0093] For one method (Alternative 1), for a single band, with reference to Figure 6A, the duty cycle is the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in a given evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than a radio frame. In other words, for a single band, the duty cycle is the symbol percentage. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 32 / 73 26 / 39 of those transmitted to UL in a given evaluation period. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6A, a radio frame includes 10 slots and each slot can include 14 symbols; sub-carrier spacing (SCS) can be 15 kHz; and the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = (2 + 28) / 140 = 21.43%.

[0094] For another non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = (14 + 2 + 28) / 140 = 0.1 + 0.2143 = 31.43%.

[0095] In some implementations, there may also be downlink transmission present in the same SBFD symbols and may not be aligned with the intended duty cycle, i.e., both the DL signal and the UL signal are present at the same time.

[0096] For another method (Alternative 2), SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period can be counted twice for the duty cycle within the sub-band. In other words, an SBFD symbol can be considered as two symbols in the evaluation, especially for UE with simultaneous reception and transmission capability. Optionally, as three symbols for the DUD structure. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 14 / (56 + 140) + (2 + 28) / 140=0.0714 + 0.2143=28.57%.

[0097] For another method (Alternative 3), SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period may not be counted for service within the sub-band. In other words, an SBFD symbol may be discarded in the evaluation, especially for UEs with simultaneous reception and transmission capabilities. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = (2 + 28) / 140 = 21.43%.

[0098] For another method (Alternative 4), SBFD symbols within Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 33 / 73 27 / 39 of the same evaluation period can be counted as 100% for the calculation of the duty cycle within the sub-band. In other words, an SBFD symbol can be considered as 'FDD' band under evaluation, especially for UEs with simultaneous reception and transmission capabilities. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = (56 / 140)*100% + (2 + 28) / 140 = 0.4 + 0.2143 = 61.43%.

[0099] For another scheme (Scheme 2), several methods include calculating the duty cycle based on the sub-band level for duty cycle calculation. Two (or three) sub-bands can be used to calculate the average percentage of uplink symbols.

[00100] For a subscheme (Scheme 2-1), the duty cycle can be calculated based on the average percentage of uplink symbols from the UL sub-band and the original band.

[00101] For one method (Alternative 1), the duty cycle can be calculated as 50% x (DutyNR, x_subband / maxDutyNR,x_subband + DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR,x), where DutyNR, x, DutyNR, x_subband represents the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame, for NR Band x and sub-band x, respectively. maxDutyNR,x_subband, maxDutyNR,x represents the UE capacity field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 per band; and, in some implementations, maxDutyNR,x_subband is equal to maxDutyNR,x. In some other implementations, maxDutyNR,x_subband can be configured independently. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, when maxDutyNR,x_subband = maxDutyNR,x = 50%, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 50% x (10% / 50% + 21.43% / 50%) = 31.43%.

[00102] For another method (Alternative 2), the work cycle can Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 34 / 73 28 / 39 can be calculated as 50% x (DutyNR, x_subband / maxDutyNR, x_subband + DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR, x). DutyNR, x, DutyNR, x_subband represents the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame, for NR Band x and the sub-band in NR Band x, respectively. Additionally, SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period may be counted twice for DutyNR, x_subband. maxDutyNR, x_subband, maxDutyNR, x represents the UE capacity field maxUplinkDutyCyclePC2-FR1 per band. In some implementations, maxDutyNR, x_subband is equal to maxDutyNR, x. In some other implementations, maxDutyNR, x_subband may be configured independently. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, when maxDutyNR,x_subband = maxDutyNR,x = 50%, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 50% x (7.14% / 50% + 21.43% / 50%) = 28.57%.

[00103] For another subscheme (Scheme 2-2), the duty cycle can be calculated based on the weighted average percentage of the uplink symbols of the UL sub-band and the original band according to various methods described below. The motivation is that the UL sub-band is located in partial slots / symbols, not in an entire carrier in the time domain. Optionally, the UL sub-band is located in partial PRBs of the BWP / carrier, not in an entire BWP / carrier in the frequency domain.

[00104] For one method (Alternative 1), the duty cycle can be calculated as P1 x DutyNR, x_subband / maxDutyNR,x_subband + P2 x DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR,x. DutyNR, x, DutyNR, x_subband represents the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame, for NR Band x and sub-band x in NR Band x, respectively. P1 is a Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 35 / 73 29 / 39 is the first weight for the weighted average and is the number of (SBFD symbols) / (SBFD symbols + all symbols) within the evaluation period; P2 is a second weight for the weighted average and is the number of (all symbols) / (SBFD symbols + all symbols) within the evaluation period; maxDutyNR,x_subband, maxDutyNR,x represents the UE maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 capacity field per band and maxDutyNR,x_subband is equal to maxDutyNR,x. In some implementations, maxDutyNR,x_subband can be configured independently. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, when maxDutyNR,x_subband = maxDutyNR,x = 50%, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 4 / 14 x (10% / 50%) + 10 / 14 x 21.43% / 50% = 0.0571 + 0.3061 = 36.32%.

[00105] For another method (Alternative 2), the duty cycle can be calculated as P1 x DutyNR, x_subband / maxDutyNR,x_subband + P2 x DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR,x. DutyNR, x, DutyNR, x_subband represents the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame, for NR Band x and sub-band nor NR Band x, respectively. In some implementations, P1 is a first weight for the weighted average and is the number of (SBFD symbols) / (all symbols) within the evaluation period. In some implementations, P2 is a second weight for the weighted average and P2 = 1 - P1; or is the number of (non-SBFD symbols) / (all symbols) within the evaluation period. maxDutyNR,x_subband, maxDutyNR,x represents the UE maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 capacity field per band, and maxDutyNR x_subband is equal to maxDutyNR,x.In some implementations, maxDutyNR,x_subband can be configured independently. In some implementations, P1 / P2 can be determined by the percentage frequency of the UL sub-band and the original frequency of the BWP / carrier / band. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 36 / 73 30 / 39 For example, P1 = (PRB of the sub-band) / (PRB of the UL carrier) and P2 = 1 - P1. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, when maxDutyNR,x_subband = maxDutyNR,x = 50%, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 4 / 10 x (10% / 50%) + 6 / 10 x 21.43% / 50% = 0.08 + 0.25716 = 33.72%.

[00106] For another method (Alternative 3), P1 and P2 can be determined by the percentage frequency of the UL sub-band and the original frequency of the BWP / carrier / band. For example, P1 = (PRB of the sub-band) / (PRB of the UL carrier) and P2 = 1 - P1.

[00107] For another method (Alternative 4), P1 and P2 can be determined by the percentage frequency of the UL sub-band and the original frequency of the BWP / carrier / band. For example, P1 = (PRB of the sub-band) / (PRB of the sub-band + PRB of the UL carrier) and P2 = 1 - P1.

[00108] For another method (Alternative 5), the duty cycle can be calculated as P1 x DutyNR, x_subband / maxDutyNR,x_subband + P2 x DutyNR, x / maxDutyNR,x. DutyNR, x, DutyNR, x_subband represents the actual percentage of uplink symbols transmitted and SBFD symbols transmitted to UL in the same evaluation period, where the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame, for NR Band x and the sub-band in NR Band x, respectively. Furthermore, SBFD symbols within the same evaluation period can be counted twice for DutyNR, x_subband. Optionally, P1 and P2 can be determined by other methods, any method in the Alternatives above.For example, based on Alternative 1, P1 is a first weight for the weighted average and is the number of (SBFD symbols) / (SBFD symbols + all symbols) within the evaluation period; P2 is a second weight for the weighted average and is the number of (all symbols) / (SBFD symbols + all symbols) within the evaluation period; maxDutyNR,x_subband, maxDutyNR,x. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 37 / 73 31 / 39 represents the UE maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2FR1 capacity field per band, and maxDutyNR,x_subband equals maxDutyNR,x. In some implementations, maxDutyNR,x_subband can be configured independently. In some implementations, P1 / P2 can be determined by the percentage frequency of the UL subband and the original frequency of the BWP / carrier / band. For a non-limiting example, in Figure 6B, when maxDutyNR,x_subband = maxDutyNR,x = 50%, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 4 / 14 x (7.14% / 50%) + 10 / 14 x (21.43% / 50%) = 0.0408 + 0.3061 = 34.69%.

[00109] For another scheme (Scheme 3), the work cycle can be calculated based on two evaluation periods according to various methods, as described below.

[00110] For one method (Alternative 1), within an evaluation period (i.e., at least one radio frame), two sub-periods are divided: one is the duration of the sub-band for evaluation of SBFD symbols, the remainder is for evaluation of transmitted legacy UL symbols. The detailed percentage can be based on unaveraged addition (or addition without any average), equal average, or weighted average.

[00111] For a non-limiting example based on addition, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = (14 / (14 x 4)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 0.25 + 0.3571 = 60.71%.

[00112] For another non-limiting example based on the mean (or equal mean), in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: Duty Cycle = 50% x (14 / (14 x 4)) + 50% x ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 50% x (0.25 + 0.3571) = 30.35%.

[00113] For another non-limiting example based on the weighted average, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: 4 / 10 x (14 / (14 x 4)) + 6 / 10 x ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 0.1 + 0.2143 = 31.43%.

[00114] In some implementations, the SBFD symbols within the Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 38 / 73 32 / 39 evaluation periods can be counted twice for DutyNR, x_subband. For a non-limiting example based on addition, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: (14 / (14 x 4 x 2)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 0.125 + 0.3571 = 48.21%. For another non-limiting example based on the average (or equal average), in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: 50% x (14 / (14 x 4 x 2)) + 50% x ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 50% x (0.125 + 0.3571) = 24.11%. For another non-limiting example based on the weighted average, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: 4 / 10 x (14 / (14 x 4 x 2)) + 6 / 10 x ((2 + 28) / (14 x 6)) = 0.05 + 0.2143 = 26.43%.

[00115] For another method (Alternative 2), within an evaluation period (i.e., at least one radio frame), an additional sub-period is derived for the evaluation of the SBFD symbols. In some implementations, the detailed percentage may be based on unaveraged addition or weighted average. For a non-limiting example based on unaveraged addition, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: (14 / (14 x 4)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 10)) = 0.25 + 0.2143 = 46.43%. For another non-limiting example based on weighted average, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: 4 / 10 x (14 / (14 x 4)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 10)) = 0.1 + 0.2143 = 31.43%.

[00116] In some implementations, SBFD symbols within the evaluation period may be counted twice for DutyNR, x_subband. For a non-limiting example based on unweighted addition, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: (14 / (14 x 4 x 2)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 10)) = 0.125 + 0.2143 = 33.93%. For another non-limiting example based on weighted averaging, in Figure 6B, the duty cycle is calculated as: 4 / 10 x(14 / (14 x 4 x 2)) + ((2 + 28) / (14 x 10)) = 0.05 + 0.2143 = 26.43%.

[00117] In some implementations, the three schemes discussed above may include: Scheme 1, based on single-band UL Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 39 / 73 33 / 39 transmitted in any symbols and optimized: SBFD symbol handling; Scheme 2, based on a two-band UL sub-band and the original band are considered two bands with average handling, optimized: weighted average and optimized: SBFD symbol handling; and Scheme 3, based on a single band with two periods: one evaluation period with two non-overlapping sub-periods and one evaluation period with another sub-period, optimized: weighted average and optimized: SBFD symbol handling.

[00118] Several embodiments described in the present invention may offer the following benefits: different duty cycle calculation schemes for introduced SBFD; and / or the exact duty cycle can be derived for a carrier-supported SBFD whose UL subband is configured within a few downlink symbols. This is beneficial for achieving more efficient utilization of the UE's maximum power to enhance gNB scaling decisions in the case of introduced SBFD. Set of Modalities IV

[00119] The present invention describes various embodiments for determining statistical information, in which virtual PHR reports are described.

[00120] In some implementations, when the UE determines that a Type 1 power margin report for an active in-service cell is based on a reference PUSCH transmission (virtual PHR report), for the occasion of PUSCH transmission in active BWP UL of the carrier / in-service cell, the UE calculates the Type 1 power margin report as: ^^typel^. / .c 0' 7' Ό= / cMAX, / ,c 0)-{^O_PUSCH^, / ,c (j) +ab,f,c ( / ) ·PPb,f,c (Qd) + fb.fc / )} [dβ] where Pgmaxθ is calculated assuming MPR=0 dB, A-MPR=0 dB, PMPR=0 dB. ATc = 0 dB. MPR, A-MPR, P-MPR and ATc are defined. The remaining parameters are defined and, if ul-powerControl is not for Petition 870250073597, of 20 / 08 / 2025, page 40 / 73 34 / 39 necido,poP(rsc&b^O) are obtained using POMOM[MjU.,j>uscJW,r(0) “ PUSCHAlphaSetld = 0, is obtained using pusch- PathlossReferenceRS -1 d = eí = 0, Seu / pGwerCoutrci / is providedXOpusce l are obtained by j?0 — Alpha — CL1D — PUSCH — Set associated with TC1 — State or TCI — UL — State, indicated; where, the Type 1 power margin is the difference between the nominal maximum transmission power of the UE and the estimated power for UL-SCH transmission per cell in activated service.

[00121] The single-entry PHR MAC CE has a fixed size and consists of two octets defined as shown in Figure 5A. The multi-entry PHR MAC CE, referring to Figure 7A, has a variable size and includes the bitmap, a Type 2 PH field and an octet containing the associated Pcmax.í.c field (if reported) for the SpCell of the other MAC entity, a Type 1 PH field and an octet containing the associated PCMAX,f,c field (if reported) for PCell. It also includes, in ascending order based on ServCellIndex, one or multiple Type X PH fields and octets containing the associated Pcmax.í.c fields (if reported) for service cells other than the PCell indicated in the bitmap. X is 1 or 3.Figure 7A shows a multi-entry MAC CE PHR with the highest ServCellIndex of the cell in service with an uplink configured less than 8. Figure 7B shows a single-entry PHR enhanced for TRP multi-entry MAC CE.

[00122] In some implementations, there are 64 power margin levels for the PHR and the power margin reporting range is -32...+38 dB. Table 2 defines a reporting mapping. Table 2: Mapping of the power margin report Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_0 | PH < -32 | POWER_MARGIN_1 | -32 < PH < -31 | POWER_MARGIN_2 | -31 < PH < -30 Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 41 / 73 35 / 39 Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_3 | -30 < PH < -29 | POWER_MARGIN_53 | 20 < PH < 21 | POWER_MARGIN_54 | 21 < PH < 22 | POWER_MARGIN_55 | 22 < PH < 24 | POWER_MARGIN_56 | 24 < PH < 26 | POWER_MARGIN_57 | 26 < PH < 28 | POWER_MARGIN_58 | 28 < PH < 30 | POWER_MARGIN_59 | 30 < PH < 32 | POWER_MARGIN_60 | 32 < PH < 34 | POWER_MARGIN_61 | 34 < PH < 36 | POWER_MARGIN_62 | 36 < pH < 38 MARGIN_POWER_63 pH > 38

[00123] In some implementations, for virtual PHR reports, in some cases with reference to 1RB PUSCH, Pd_pusch^lcO') θum value is very small, which can lead to a virtual PHR greater than 38 dB. For example, p0 = 100 dBm, Path Loss = 80 dB, PCmax = 17 dBm, fi = 0, alfa = 0.8, resulting in PHR = 17 - (-100 + 0.8 * 80) = 53 dB. This can lead to the reporting of POWER_MARGIN_63 and the exact PHR value not being known by gNB. This can further impact UL power control and UL adaptive modulation and coding.

[00124] To solve the problem, several approaches include introducing a higher or lower level of power margin.

[00125] For a scheme (Scheme 1), more levels are introduced. For example, the 7-bit power margin report mapping table is defined as per Table 3 below. Table 3: Mapping of the power margin report Reported value Measured value (dB) POWER_MARGIN_0 PH < -32 Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 42 / 73 36 / 39 Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_1 | -32 < PH < -31 | POWER_MARGIN_2 | -31 < PH < -30 | POWER_MARGIN_3 | -30 < PH < -29 | POWER_MARGIN_61 | 34 < PH < 36 | POWER_MARGIN_62 | 36 < PH < 38 | POWER_MARGIN_63 | 38 < PH < 40 | POWER_MARGIN_64 | 40 < PH < 42 | POWER_MARGIN_65 | 42 < PH < 44 | POWER_MARGIN_66 | 44 < PH < 46 | ... ... | POWER_MARGIN_127 reserved

[00126] In another scheme (Scheme 2), the entries in the power margin report mapping table are not changed and some new levels are introduced. For example, the 6-bit power margin report mapping table is defined as in Table 4. Table 4: Mapping of the power margin report Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_0 | PH < -32 | POWER_MARGIN_1 | -32 < PH < -31 | POWER_MARGIN_2 | -31 < PH < -30 | POWER_MARGIN_3 | -30 < PH < -29 | POWER_MARGIN_53 | 20 < PH < 22 | POWER_MARGIN_54 | 22 < PH < 26 | POWER_MARGIN_55 | 26 < PH < 30 | POWER_MARGIN_56 | 30 < PH < 34 | POWER_MARGIN_57 | 34 < PH < 38 | POWER_MARGIN_58 | 38 < PH < 42 Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 43 / 73 37 / 39 Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_59 | 42 < PH < 46 | POWER_MARGIN_60 | 46 < PH < 50 | POWER_MARGIN_61 | 50 < PH < 54 | POWER_MARGIN_62 | 54 < PH < 58 | POWER_MARGIN_63 | PH > 58

[00127] For another scheme (Scheme 3), another table (Table 5) with new PH levels is introduced. For example, a second 6-bit power margin report mapping table is defined as follows. The PHR MAC CE can be used as an enhanced PHR MAC CE, where more than one PH field for a cell in service is included. For example, PH1 is based on the legacy 6-bit power margin report mapping table, PH2 is based on the second 6-bit power margin report mapping table. Table 5: Mapping of the power margin report Reported Value | Measured Value (dB) | POWER_MARGIN_0 | 38 < PH < 40 | POWER_MARGIN_1 | 40 < PH < 42 | POWER_MARGIN_2 | 42 < PH < 44 | POWER_MARGIN_3 | 44 < PH < 46 | POWER_MARGIN_63 | Reserved

[00128] The present invention describes computer-readable methods, devices, and means for wireless communication. The present invention addresses problems related to the determination of statistical information. The computer-readable methods, devices, and means described in the present invention can facilitate the performance of wireless communication, thereby improving efficiency and overall performance. The computer-readable methods, devices, and means described in the present invention can improve efficiency. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 44 / 73 38 / 39 global company of wireless communication systems.

[00129] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprises instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the above methods. The computer-readable medium may be referred to as a non-transient computer-readable medium (CRM) that stores data for long periods, such as a pen drive or compact disk (CD), or for short periods in the presence of power, such as a memory device or random access memory (RAM). In some embodiments, computer-readable instructions may be included in software that is embedded in one or more tangible, non-transient, computer-readable media.Such non-transient, computer-readable media may be media associated with user-accessible mass storage, as well as certain short-term storage media that are non-transient in nature, such as an internal mass storage medium or ROM. Software implementing various embodiments of the present invention may be stored on such devices and executed by a processor (or processing circuit). A computer-readable medium may include one or more memory devices or chips according to specific needs. The software may cause the processor (including CPU, GPU, FPGA and the like) to execute specific processes or specific parts of specific processes described herein, including defining data structures stored in RAM and modifying these data structures according to the processes defined by the software.

[00130] Reference to features, advantages or similar wording throughout this descriptive report does not imply that all features and advantages that can be obtained with the present solution Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 45 / 73 39 / 39 tion must be or be included in a single implementation of the same. Instead, the wording referring to features and advantages should be understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or resource described in association with a modality is included in at least one modality of the present solution. Thus, discussions of features and advantages, and similar wording, throughout this descriptive report may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same modality.

[00131] Furthermore, the features, advantages, and resources described of the present solution can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description presented in this document, that the present solution can be implemented without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other cases, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments, which may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution. Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, p. 46 / 73

Claims

1 / 6 CLAIMS 1. A method for wireless communication, implemented by a wireless communication device, characterized in that it comprises: reporting, by a user equipment (UE), a duration to a base station, wherein: the reported duration indicates, for the base station, at least one evaluation duration, one fallback duration and an initial time, and the fallback duration corresponds to an applied fallback power class that is a transmission power lower than a declared power class or one for which there is support.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: determining, by the UE, whether a duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation is greater than a maximum duty cycle, and in response to the determination that the duty cycle over the duration of the evaluation is greater than the maximum duty cycle, sending, by the UE, an uplink transmission with the fallback power class, wherein the fallback power class comprises a reduced power class and a standard power class.

3. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the reported duration indicates, for the base station, the duration of the evaluation and the duration of the fallback; and an initial time of the fallback duration is a first symbol in a subsequent duration after the evaluation duration.

4. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Petition 870250073597, dated 08 / 20 / 2025, page 64 / 73 2 / 6 the reported duration indicates, for the base station, the fallback duration; and an initial time of the fallback duration is a first symbol in the reported duration or is reported by at least one index of a radio frame and one index of a slot.

5. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the UE sends a power margin report (PHR) to the base station and the PHR comprises the reported duration which indicates the fallback duration.

6. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the UE sends a power margin report (PHR) to the base station and the PHR comprises the reported duration which indicates a total duration comprising the evaluation duration and the fallback duration.

7. A method, according to any one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that: the initial time of the fallback duration is determined by one of the following: the PHR comprises an initial time of the fallback duration indicated by at least one radio frame index and one slot index; the initial time of the fallback duration is determined by a point in time of the PHR; or, in response to the retransmission of the PHR, the initial time of the fallback duration is determined by an initial transmission of the PHR.

8. Method for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises: Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, page 65 / 73 3 / 6 determining, by a user equipment (UE), a duty cycle during an evaluation period based on uplink transmission, wherein: the uplink transmission comprises at least one of the following: uplink symbol uplink transmission or full duplex sub-band symbol uplink transmission (SBFD).

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the determination of the duty cycle during the evaluation period comprises: determining the duty cycle based on one of the following: a percentage of uplink symbols transmitted during the evaluation period and SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission or a percentage of symbols used for uplink transmission.

10. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: during the determination of the work cycle during the evaluation period, double-counting, by EU, SBFD symbols.

11. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: during the determination of the work cycle during the evaluation period, excluding, by the EU, the SBFD symbols.

12. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: during the determination of the work cycle during the evaluation period, counting, by the UE, all SBFD symbols as uplink.

13. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the determination of the duty cycle during the evaluation period comprises: Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, page 66 / 73 4 / 6 determining, by the EU, the duty cycle during the evaluation period based on considering an original band and a corresponding sub-band as two separate bands by: calculating the average percentages of uplink symbols of the sub-band and of a carrier or original band.

14. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the determination of the duty cycle during the evaluation period comprises: determining, by the UE, the duty cycle during the evaluation period based on considering an original band and a corresponding sub-band as two bands separated by: percentages of the weighted average of the uplink symbols of the sub-band that has a first weight and a carrier or original band that has a second weight, wherein the sum of the first and second weights is 1.

15. Method, according to claim 14, characterized in that: the first weight is the SBFD symbols divided by the sum of the SBFD symbols and all symbols and the second weight is 1 subtracted from the first weight; or the first weight is the SBFD symbols divided by all symbols and the second weight is 1 subtracted from the first weight.

16. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the determination of the duty cycle during the evaluation period comprises: determining, by the EU, the duty cycle during the evaluation period based on a first secondary evaluation duration for SBFD symbols and a second secondary evaluation duration for other symbols by: adding a first percentage of SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission during the first secondary evaluation duration and a second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration.

17. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that it further comprises: calculating the average of the first percentage of SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission during the first secondary evaluation duration and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration, or calculating the weighted average of the first percentage of SBFD symbols used during the first secondary evaluation duration and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the second secondary evaluation duration.

18. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the determination of the duty cycle during the evaluation period comprises: determining, by the UE, the duty cycle during the evaluation period based on an evaluation period for all symbols and a secondary evaluation duration for SBFD symbols by: adding a first percentage of SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission during the secondary evaluation duration and a second percentage of other uplink symbols during the evaluation period.

19. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that it further comprises: calculating the average of the first percentage of SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission during the secondary evaluation period and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the evaluation period, or Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, p. 68 / 73 6 / 6 calculating the weighted average of the first percentage of SBFD symbols used for uplink transmission during the secondary evaluation period and the second percentage of other uplink symbols during the evaluation period.

20. Method, according to any one of claims 13, 14, 16 and 18, characterized in that it further comprises: during the determination of the work cycle during the evaluation period: double-counting the SBFD symbols, excluding the SBFD symbols or counting all SBFD symbols as uplink.

21. Wireless communication device characterized in that it comprises at least one processor and one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read instructions from memory and implement the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 and 8 to 20.

22. Computer-readable medium characterized in that it comprises instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 and 8 to 20. Petition 870250073597, dated 20 / 08 / 2025, pp. 69 / 73

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