A desktop level particle 3D printer

Abstract

The application discloses a desktop-level particle 3D printer, which comprises a base, an electrical machine box and a double-layer gantry, the double-layer gantry is fixed on the base, the electrical machine box wraps the double-layer gantry and is fixed on the base, a slidable Y-axis assembly is arranged on the base below the double-layer gantry, a liftable Z-axis assembly is arranged between the double-layer gantry, a slidable X-axis assembly is arranged on the Z-axis assembly, a detachable extrusion device is arranged on the X-axis assembly, a printing platform is arranged on the Y-axis assembly, the extrusion device melts plastic particles, extrudes from a nozzle and prints on the printing platform, various conventional plastic particles and composite modified material particles can be used for 3D printing, the traditional mode of using plastic wires as raw materials for printing of small 3D printers is changed, and the printing capacity and printing speed are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of small 3D printing equipment, and more particularly to a desktop particle 3D printer. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional desktop small 3D printers almost exclusively use plastic linear filaments. The filament is fed to a heating zone through a gear-structured feeding and extrusion mechanism, where it is melted and extruded. The filament is then printed segment by segment and layer by layer in sequence to form the 3D solid. The variety and number of filaments that can be printed are limited, which severely restricts the printing capacity and printing speed.

[0003] Currently, in large-scale 3D printing equipment, domestic and international industries directly use screw-type industrial extruders as the extrusion head in 3D printing equipment. The extrusion screw and barrel of its plasticizing system are all components with a diameter specification of D30 or more. Through this equipment, the particles are fed into the plasticizing system from one end, the screw rotates, and through the cooperation of the three-section area of ​​the screw and the heating system, the fluid is extruded at the other end. With the help of the die head structure, the 3D printing function using plastic particles as raw materials is fully realized.

[0004] For small 3D printing equipment, it is also hoped that a similar imitation and reduction method can be used to achieve 3D printing of particles as raw materials. However, if the extruder is only designed to be imitating and reduced in size according to the 3D printer, the following problems exist: it is difficult to process slender screws with a diameter of less than 20mm (the length of the thread groove is more than 25 times the diameter), and they are very easy to bend and break during machining; the thread groove depth of the small-sized screw is also smaller, making it more difficult for raw material particles to enter the thread groove space, resulting in extrusion interruption.

[0005] Currently, the few small and medium-sized plastic pellet 3D printers on the market generally suffer from many problems such as unstable extrusion, frequent printing interruptions, limited support for various pellet consumables, and low printing pass rates, making it difficult to fully realize pellet 3D printing functionality. The miniaturization of pellet 3D printing equipment has been in the exploratory stage, which is a problem in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a desktop particle 3D printer equipped with a small printing extrusion device that enables rapid switching of the extrusion device. It is also equipped with a platform pressure plate device to achieve fixed printing of various materials. The extrusion device designed by this invention can achieve stable extrusion of various plastic particles and composite modified particles. Through the combination design of double-layer gantry and multi-linear slide rails, the movement is more stable, wear is reduced, and long-term stable use of the printing equipment is achieved, thereby improving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A desktop particle 3D printer includes a base, an electrical chassis, and a double-layer gantry. The double-layer gantry is fixed to the base, and the electrical chassis encloses and is fixed to the base. A slidable Y-axis assembly is provided on the base below the double-layer gantry. A height-adjustable Z-axis assembly is provided between the double-layer gantry. A slidable X-axis assembly is provided on the Z-axis assembly. A detachable extrusion device is provided on the X-axis assembly. The extrusion device includes a housing, a motor mounting plate, and a material box mounting plate. A motor is fixed on the motor mounting plate, and a material storage box is fixed between the motor mounting plate and the material box mounting plate. The bottom of the material box mounting plate is fixed. A heating cylinder is provided, with a nozzle at its bottom. A discharge port is located in the middle of the material box fixing plate, and a feed port is located at the top of the heating cylinder. The storage box is connected to the heating cylinder through the discharge port and the feed port. The output shaft of the motor passes downward through the motor fixing plate and is connected to a screw rod. The lower middle section of the screw rod extends into the heating cylinder through the discharge port. A feed hopper is fixed on the upper side of the storage box and is connected to the storage box. A printing platform is provided on the Y-axis assembly. The rotation of the screw rod presses plastic granules into the heating cylinder, where they gradually penetrate and are melted, extruded from the nozzle, and printed on the printing platform.

[0009] Further optimized, a heat insulation pad is fixed between the top of the heating cylinder and the material box fixing plate. The heating cylinder is divided into an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder and a lower cylinder. The upper cylinder and the middle cylinder adopt an air-proof structure. The lower cylinder is a thickened cylinder. Two heat dissipation fins are fixed on the outer side wall of the upper cylinder. A heating fin and a temperature measuring thermocouple are fixed on the outer side wall of the lower cylinder.

[0010] Further optimized, the feed inlet is funnel-shaped, and 1 to 6 inclined grooves are formed on the side wall of the feed inlet.

[0011] Further optimized, the screw rod is provided with a spiral groove of equal depth, the outer diameter of the screw rod is 8 to 16 mm, and the length of the spiral groove section is 8 to 15 times the outer diameter of the screw rod.

[0012] Further optimized, the upper end of the screw rod is provided with several positioning grooves, the top of the screw rod is provided with an internal threaded hole, an adjusting screw is provided in the internal threaded hole, a coupling is provided between the screw rod and the output shaft of the motor, the coupling connects the screw rod and the output shaft of the motor, and the adjusting screw is located in the middle of the screw rod and the output shaft of the motor, used to adjust the size of the gap between the lower section of the screw rod and the nozzle.

[0013] In a further optimized manner, the printing platform includes a support plate, a heating aluminum plate, and a tempered glass plate. The support plate is fixed on the Y-axis assembly, and the heating aluminum plate is fixed above the support plate. The heating aluminum plate has densely and evenly distributed screw holes along its four periphery, and the tempered glass plate is located above the heating aluminum plate.

[0014] Further optimized, the Y-axis assembly includes a first motor, a first drive wheel, a first auxiliary wheel, a first slide rail, a first slider, and a connecting plate. The first auxiliary wheel and the first drive wheel are respectively disposed at the front and rear ends of the base. The first motor is fixed to the bottom of the base, and the drive shaft of the first motor is connected to the first drive wheel. A first slide rail is provided on each side of the first drive wheel and the first auxiliary wheel. Two first sliders are provided on each of the first slide rails. The support plate is fixed on the first sliders. A connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of the support plate. A synchronous belt is provided between the first drive wheel and the first auxiliary wheel. The connecting plate is fixed relative to the synchronous belt.

[0015] Further optimized, the Z-axis assembly includes a second motor, a lead screw, an arc-shaped lifting plate, a lifting frame, a second slider, and a second slide rail. Four second slide rails are provided on the outer side of the double-layer gantry frame. Sliders are fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped lifting plate. Two arc-shaped lifting plates are respectively secured to the uprights on both sides of the double-layer gantry frame via sliders and slide rails. Screw holes are provided on the arc-shaped lifting plates. Two symmetrical second motors are fixed between the uprights on both sides of the double-layer gantry frame. Lead screws are fixed to the output shafts of the second motors. The lead screws pass through the screw holes on the arc-shaped lifting plates, and their top ends are rotatably connected to the double-layer gantry frame. Two lifting frames are fixed between the two arc-shaped lifting plates.

[0016] Further optimized, the X-axis assembly includes a fixed plate, a third slider, a third slide rail, a third motor, a second drive wheel, a second auxiliary wheel, and a second connecting plate. The third slide rail is fixed to the lifting frame. A third slider is fixed to the bottom of each end of the fixed plate. The fixed plate is slidably disposed between the two lifting frames via the third slider and the third slide rail. The second drive wheel and the second auxiliary wheel are respectively disposed on an arc-shaped lifting plate. A third motor is fixed to the bottom of the arc-shaped lifting plate where the second drive wheel is located. A synchronous belt is provided between the second drive wheel and the second auxiliary wheel. The second connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate and is fixed to the synchronous belt.

[0017] Further optimized, an electrical connector shell is fixed on the fixing plate, and an L-shaped fixing plate is provided on the fixing plate. The extrusion device is detachably fixed on the fixing plate via the L-shaped fixing plate, and an electrical connector adapted to the electrical connector shell is fixed on the left side of the extrusion device.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] 1. The desktop particle 3D printer of the present invention can use various conventional plastic particles and composite modified material particles for 3D printing, which changes the traditional method of small 3D printers using plastic filaments as raw materials and greatly improves printing capacity and printing speed.

[0020] 2. This invention designs an extrusion device specifically for desktop particle 3D printers, which solves the problems of space requirements and particle diameter limitations in the plasticizing system of desktop 3D printers. It allows particles to enter the heating cylinder smoothly and realizes the plasticizing and stable output of conventional plastics and their modified particles (particle size 3-5mm). The overall structure is compact and aesthetically pleasing, and can realize the process from plastic particles to plasticized extrusion in a minimal space.

[0021] 3. This 3D printer is designed with a quick-change structure for the extrusion device, which facilitates quick disassembly and material replacement. If equipped with multiple print heads, it can also achieve quick switching between various printing particle materials without adjustment or cleaning.

[0022] 4. The 3D printer of the present invention uses a double-layer gantry frame structure device, which provides stable rigidity and places the center of gravity of the printing extrusion device inside the frame, eliminating the off-center load, improving the accuracy of motion control, and reducing the wear and tear of the motion components.

[0023] 5. The printing platform of the present invention has dense screw holes, which, together with the pressure strip, can press and fix the printed parts of various materials to prevent the printed parts from deviating. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connector housing and electrical connector on the extrusion device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the extrusion device after the outer shell is removed.

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after removing the storage box.

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the heating cylinder.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the heating cylinder.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the screw rod.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the Z-axis assembly and X-axis assembly of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Disassembly diagram.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Y-axis component and printing platform of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The main view.

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the printing process in this invention, in which a pressure strip is used to fix the printed part.

[0038] In the picture:

[0039] 1. Base; 2. Electrical enclosure;

[0040] 3. Extrusion device; 30. Nozzle; 31. Housing; 32. Motor; 33. Feed hopper; 34. Storage box; 35. Heating cylinder; 36. Motor mounting plate; 37. Material box mounting plate; 38. Coupling; 39. Screw rod; 311. Electrical connector housing; 312. Electrical connector; 352. Upper cylinder; 353. Middle cylinder; 354. Lower cylinder; 355. Inner cylinder; 356. Feed inlet; 357. Inclined groove; 3511. Heat insulation pad; 3512. Heat sink; 3513. Heating element; 3514. Temperature measuring thermocouple; 371. Discharge port; 391. Adjusting screw; 392. Threaded groove; 393. Positioning groove; 394. Internal threaded hole;

[0041] 4. Z-axis assembly; 41. Bow-shaped lifting plate; 42. Second motor; 43. Lead screw; 44. Second slide rail; 45. Second slider; 47. Screw hole; 48. Lifting frame;

[0042] 5. Y-axis assembly; 51. First slide rail; 52. First slider; 55. First auxiliary wheel; 56. First main wheel; 58. First motor; 59. Connecting plate;

[0043] 6. X-axis assembly; 61. Fixing plate; 62. Third slide rail; 63. Third slider; 64. Third motor; 65. Second drive wheel; 66. Second auxiliary wheel; 611. Second connecting plate; 612. L-shaped fixing plate;

[0044] 7. Double-layer gantry frame;

[0045] 8. Printing platform; 81. Tempered glass plate; 82. Heated aluminum plate; 83. Support plate;

[0046] 9. Printed part; 91. Printed part base; 93. Pressure block; 94. Pressure strip;

[0047] A. Opening structure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a desktop particle 3D printer, including a base 1, an electrical housing 2, and a double-layer gantry 7. The double-layer gantry 7 is fixed to the base 1, and the electrical housing 2 encloses the double-layer gantry 7 and is fixed to the base 1. A slidable Y-axis assembly 5 is provided on the base below the double-layer gantry 7. A liftable Z-axis assembly 6 is provided between the double-layer gantry, and a slidable X-axis assembly 6 is provided on the Z-axis assembly. A detachable extrusion device 3 is provided on the X-axis assembly, and a printing platform 8 is provided on the Y-axis assembly. The X-axis assembly and Z-axis assembly drive the extrusion device to move left, right, up, and down, while the Y-axis assembly drives the printing platform to move back and forth. The extrusion device melts and extrudes plastic particles, which are then printed on the printing platform.

[0051] like Figures 3-7As shown, the extrusion device 3 includes a housing 31, a motor fixing plate 36, and a material box fixing plate 37. A motor 32 is fixed on the motor fixing plate. A storage box 34 is fixed between the motor fixing plate 36 and the material box fixing plate 37. A heating cylinder 35 is fixed at the bottom of the material box fixing plate 37. A nozzle 30 is provided at the bottom of the heating cylinder. A discharge port 371 is opened in the middle of the material box fixing plate. A feed port 356 is provided at the top of the heating cylinder. The storage box and the heating cylinder are connected through the discharge port 371 and the feed port 356. The output shaft of the motor 32 passes downward through the motor fixing plate 36 and is connected to a screw rod 39. The middle and lower section of the screw rod passes through the discharge port 371 and extends into the heating cylinder 35. A feed hopper 33 is fixed on the upper side of the storage box 34 and is connected to the storage box. In actual operation, the feed hopper is connected to an automatic feeder via a hose. Plastic granules are automatically fed into the feed hopper and then fall into the storage box. The rotating screw presses the plastic granules into the heating cylinder, where they gradually melt and are extruded from the nozzle. The feed hopper 33 has a discharge door (not shown) at the bottom for easy cleaning or replacement of excess material.

[0052] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a heat insulation pad 3511 is fixed between the top of the heating cylinder 35 and the material box fixing plate 37. The heating cylinder is a metal part. When the lower end of the heating cylinder is heated, the metal conducts heat quickly. Setting a heat insulation pad between the two can prevent heat from being transferred to other mechanical parts such as the material storage box 34, and reduce excessive heat transfer, which can cause the plastic particles to melt prematurely and cause material dropping failure.

[0053] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the heating cylinder 35 is divided into an upper cylinder 352, a middle cylinder 353, and a lower cylinder 354. Two heat dissipation fins 3512 are fixed on the outer wall of the upper cylinder to accelerate heat dissipation. The upper cylinder 352 and the middle cylinder 353 adopt an air-proof structure to reduce heat transfer. The outer wall of the lower cylinder 354 is fixed with a heating element 3513 and a temperature measuring thermocouple 3514. The heating element provides heating, and the temperature measuring thermocouple measures the temperature. The lower cylinder adopts a thickened design, and the outer diameter of the lower cylinder is 3.5 to 6.5 times that of the inner cylinder 355. It has the characteristics of high energy heat storage and enhanced heat preservation, reduces internal temperature fluctuations, and facilitates high-temperature constant temperature control. The bottom section of the heating cylinder 35 is heated, the middle section reduces heat transfer, and the upper section dissipates heat. Multi-position auxiliary temperature control allows the temperature of the heating cylinder to gradually increase from top to bottom, avoiding overheating of the upper section of the heating cylinder, which could lead to premature melting of the plastic particles and extrusion failures.

[0054] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the feed inlet 356 is funnel-shaped, and 1 to 6 inclined grooves 357 are provided on the side wall of the feed inlet. The inclined grooves expand the feeding space of the feed inlet, so that plastic granules of conventional particle size (3 to 5 mm) can smoothly enter the heating cylinder, thereby improving the extrusion device's conveying capacity for plastic granules.

[0055] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 9 As shown, the screw rod is provided with spiral grooves 392 of equal depth. The outer diameter of the screw rod is 8 to 16 mm. The length of the spiral groove section is 8 to 15 times the outer diameter of the screw rod. All spiral grooves are R-groove structures. This screw rod has the advantages of small size, light weight, low resistance, smooth conveying and feeding, stable extrusion control, and no flow interruption.

[0056] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 6 , Figure 9 As shown, the upper end of the screw rod 39 is provided with several positioning grooves 393, and the top of the screw rod is provided with an internal threaded hole 394. An adjusting screw 391 is provided in the internal threaded hole. A coupling 38 is provided between the screw rod 39 and the output shaft of the motor 32. The coupling connects the screw rod and the output shaft of the motor. The adjusting screw 391 is located in the middle between the screw rod 39 and the output shaft of the motor 32 and is used to adjust the size of the gap between the lower section of the screw rod 39 and the nozzle 30. According to the type of plastic granules, viscosity, temperature and pressure reaction characteristics, changing this gap distance can achieve the purpose of controlling melt flow resistance and flow rate, thereby realizing the plasticization and stable extrusion of various different plastic granules using the same plasticizing system.

[0057] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, the printing platform 8 includes a support plate 83, a heating aluminum plate 82, and a tempered glass plate 81. The support plate 83 is fixed on the Y-axis assembly 5. The heating aluminum plate 82 is fixed above the support plate. The heating aluminum plate has densely and evenly distributed screw holes (not shown) around its four edges. The tempered glass plate 81 is placed above the heating aluminum plate 82. The base is printed on the tempered glass plate first, and then the product is printed. During the printing process, the pressure block 93 is placed without obstructing the printing path. The locking position can be freely selected according to the structural dimensions of the printed product (adjusting the position and number of pressure blocks). Then, a pressure strip 94 of appropriate length is selected for fixing. Two or three layers of locking can be performed. The positions of the layers can be adjusted and used in combination. The locking is reliable and effectively avoids the phenomenon of deformation of the bottom layer and separation from the tempered glass caused by large shrinkage internal stress during the cooling process of the upper plastic layer.

[0058] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 12 , 13As shown, the Y-axis assembly 5 includes a first motor 58, a first drive wheel 56, a first auxiliary wheel 55, a first slide rail 51, a first slider 52, and a connecting plate 59. The first auxiliary wheel and the first drive wheel are respectively disposed at the front and rear ends of the base 1. The first motor 58 is fixed to the bottom of the base, and the drive shaft of the first motor is connected to the first drive wheel 56. A first slide rail 51 is provided on each side of the first drive wheel and the first auxiliary wheel. Two first sliders 52 are provided on each of the first slide rails. The support plate 83 is fixed on the first sliders. A connecting plate 59 is fixed to the bottom of the support plate. A synchronous belt (not shown) is provided between the first drive wheel 56 and the first auxiliary wheel 55. The connecting plate 59 is fixed relative to the synchronous belt. The first motor drives the support plate to slide back and forth on the base through the synchronous belt.

[0059] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, the Z-axis assembly 4 includes a second motor 42, a lead screw 43, an arc-shaped lifting plate 41, a lifting frame 48, a second slider 45, and a second slide rail 44. Four second slide rails 44 are provided on the outer side of the double-layer gantry frame 7. Slider 45s are fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped lifting plate 41. Two arc-shaped lifting plates are respectively secured to the uprights on both sides of the double-layer gantry frame 7 via slider 45s and slide rails 44. Screw holes 47 are provided on the arc-shaped lifting plate 41. Two symmetrical second motors 42 are fixed between the uprights on both sides of the gantry frame. Each second motor 42 has a lead screw 43 fixed on its output shaft. The lead screw passes through the screw hole 47 on the bow-shaped lifting plate, and the top of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the double-layer gantry frame. Two lifting frames are fixed between the two bow-shaped lifting plates 41. An extrusion device 3 is provided between the lifting frames. When the two second motors 42 rotate, the lifting plates rise and fall, and the extrusion device moves up and down between the double-layer gantry frame through the lifting frames.

[0060] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the X-axis assembly 6 includes a fixed plate 61, a third slider 63, a third slide rail 62, a third motor 64, a second drive wheel 65, a second auxiliary wheel 66, and a second connecting plate 611. The third slide rail 62 is fixed on the lifting frame 48. A third slider 63 is fixed to the bottom of each end of the fixed plate 61. The fixed plate is slidably disposed between the two lifting frames 48 via the third slider and the third slide rail 62. The second drive wheel 65 and the second auxiliary wheel 66 are respectively disposed on an arc-shaped lifting plate. The bottom of the arc-shaped lifting plate 41 where the second drive wheel is located is fixed with a third motor 64. A synchronous belt (not shown) is provided between the second drive wheel 65 and the second auxiliary wheel 66. The second connecting plate 611 is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate 61 and is fixed to the synchronous belt. The rotation of the third motor drives the extrusion device to slide left and right between the lifting frames. This sets the center of gravity of the printing extrusion device inside the frame, eliminates the off-center load, improves the accuracy of motion control, and reduces the wear of the motion components.

[0061] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 3 As shown, an electrical connector shell 311 is fixed on the fixing plate 61, and an L-shaped fixing plate 612 is provided on the fixing plate. The extrusion device 3 is detachably fixed on the fixing plate 61 through the L-shaped fixing plate. An electrical connector 312 that is compatible with the electrical connector shell 311 is fixed on the left side of the extrusion device, which facilitates the quick disassembly of the extrusion device. If multiple printheads are provided, multiple printing particle materials can be quickly disassembled and switched without adjustment or cleaning.

[0062] The desktop particle 3D printer of the present invention can use various conventional plastic particles and composite modified material particles for 3D printing, which changes the traditional method of small 3D printers using plastic filaments as raw materials and greatly improves printing capacity and printing speed.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] When printing with PP and PE polyolefin plastics, the traditional method is to fix the printed part to a tempered glass plate using water-based adhesive. In Example 1 of this invention, a pressure strip and a pressure block are used to fix the printed part. In addition, this invention also designs another method, as follows:

[0065] A composite modified PP sheet is used to replace the tempered glass sheet. The PP sheet has the same size as the heating aluminum plate below, and the thickness is the same as the tempered glass sheet, so as to achieve interchangeability of the component design. Then, a clamp is used to fix it directly to the heating aluminum plate, temporarily replacing the tempered glass sheet. Printed parts can be printed directly without heating the aluminum plate.

[0066] The principle is to utilize the compatibility and bonding properties of the composite modified PP board material with PP and PE polyolefin plastics to achieve a certain degree of connection and fixation. Using the modified PP board material as an optional printing platform makes it easier to remove printed samples, reduces damage to the model sample and platform, improves the printing success rate, and reduces hardware wear and tear.

[0067] All aspects not detailed herein are well-known to those skilled in the art. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this invention and not intended to limit it. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A desktop level granular 3D printer, comprising a base, an electrical cabinet and a double-layer gantry, the double-layer gantry is fixed on the base, the electrical cabinet wraps the double-layer gantry and is fixed on the base, characterized in that: A slidable Y-axis assembly is mounted on the base beneath the double-layer gantry frame. A liftable Z-axis assembly is located between the double-layer gantry frames. A slidable X-axis assembly is mounted on the Z-axis assembly. A detachable extrusion device is mounted on the X-axis assembly. The extrusion device includes a housing, a motor mounting plate, and a material box mounting plate. A motor is fixed to the motor mounting plate. A storage box is fixed between the motor mounting plate and the material box mounting plate. A heating cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the material box mounting plate, and a nozzle is provided at the bottom of the heating cylinder. A discharge port is located in the middle of the material box mounting plate, and a feed port is located at the top of the heating cylinder. The storage box and the heating cylinder are connected through the discharge port and the feed port. The output shaft of the motor passes downward through the motor mounting plate and is connected to a screw rod. The lower middle section of the screw rod extends into the heating cylinder through the discharge port. A feed hopper is fixed to the upper side of the storage box and is connected to the storage box. The Y-axis assembly is equipped with a printing platform. The rotating screw presses the plastic granules into the heating cylinder, where they gradually penetrate and are melted. The granules are then extruded from the nozzle and printed on the printing platform. A heat insulation pad is fixed between the top of the heating cylinder and the material box fixing plate. The heating cylinder is divided into an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder and a lower cylinder. The upper cylinder and the middle cylinder adopt a hollow structure. The lower cylinder is a thickened cylinder. Two heat dissipation fins are fixed on the outer side wall of the upper cylinder. A heating fin and a temperature measuring thermocouple are fixed on the outer side wall of the lower cylinder. The spiral rod is provided with spiral grooves of equal depth. The outer diameter of the spiral rod is 8~16mm. The length of the spiral groove section is 8~15 times the outer diameter of the spiral rod. All spiral grooves are R-groove structures. The upper end of the spiral rod is provided with several positioning grooves, and the top of the spiral rod is provided with an internal threaded hole. An adjusting screw is provided in the internal threaded hole. A coupling is provided between the spiral rod and the output shaft of the motor. The coupling connects the spiral rod and the output shaft of the motor. The adjusting screw is located in the middle between the spiral rod and the output shaft of the motor and is used to adjust the size of the gap between the lower section of the spiral rod and the nozzle.

2. The desktop granular 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed inlet is funnel-shaped, and 1 to 6 inclined grooves are provided on the side wall of the feed inlet.

3. The desktop particle 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printing platform includes a support plate, a heating aluminum plate, and a tempered glass plate. The support plate is fixed on the Y-axis assembly, and the heating aluminum plate is fixed above the support plate. The heating aluminum plate has densely and evenly distributed screw holes around its four edges, and the tempered glass plate is placed above the heating aluminum plate.

4. The desktop particle 3D printer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Y-axis assembly includes a first motor, a first drive wheel, a first auxiliary wheel, a first slide rail, a first slider, and a connecting plate. The first auxiliary wheel and the first drive wheel are respectively disposed at the front and rear ends of the base. The first motor is fixed to the bottom of the base, and the drive shaft of the first motor is connected to the first drive wheel. A first slide rail is provided on each side of the first drive wheel and the first auxiliary wheel. Two first sliders are provided on each of the first slide rails. The support plate is fixed on the first sliders. A connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of the support plate. A synchronous belt is provided between the first drive wheel and the first auxiliary wheel. The connecting plate is fixed relative to the synchronous belt.

5. The desktop particle 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis assembly includes a second motor, a lead screw, an arc-shaped lifting plate, a lifting frame, a second slider, and a second slide rail. Four second slide rails are provided on the outer side of the double-layer gantry frame. Sliders are fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped lifting plate. Two arc-shaped lifting plates are respectively secured to the uprights on both sides of the double-layer gantry frame via sliders and slide rails. Screw holes are provided on the arc-shaped lifting plates. Two symmetrical second motors are fixed between the uprights on both sides of the double-layer gantry frame. Lead screws are fixed to the output shafts of the second motors. The lead screws pass through the screw holes on the arc-shaped lifting plates, and their top ends are rotatably connected to the double-layer gantry frame. Two lifting frames are fixed between the two arc-shaped lifting plates.

6. The desktop particle 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The X-axis assembly includes a fixed plate, a third slider, a third slide rail, a third motor, a second drive wheel, a second auxiliary wheel, and a second connecting plate. The third slide rail is fixed to the lifting frame. A third slider is fixed to the bottom of each end of the fixed plate. The fixed plate is slidably disposed between two lifting frames via the third slider and the third slide rail. The second drive wheel and the second auxiliary wheel are respectively disposed on an arc-shaped lifting plate. A third motor is fixed to the bottom of the arc-shaped lifting plate where the second drive wheel is located. A synchronous belt is provided between the second drive wheel and the second auxiliary wheel. The second connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate and is fixed to the synchronous belt.

7. The desktop particle 3D printer according to claim 6, characterized in that: An electrical connector housing is fixed on the fixed plate. An L-shaped fixing plate is provided on the fixed plate. The extrusion device is detachably fixed on the fixed plate via the L-shaped fixing plate. An electrical connector that is compatible with the electrical connector housing is fixed on the left side of the extrusion device.

Images