A fusion reactor divertor plasma-facing component structure and method of making the same

Abstract

The application discloses a fusion reactor filter facing plasma component structure and a preparation method thereof. The inner target plate transition and the dome transition support are integrated and designed. The inner target plate (dome) transition support and the outer target plate transition support are respectively prepared by using two kinds of materials. The internal S-shaped flow channel and the current collecting box are used for flow channel connection. In the inner and outer target plate V-shaped area, the plasma facing unit is connected with the current collecting box in the transition support through the elbow pipe. The intermediate flow channel in the transition block is used for connecting the coolants flowing through the horizontal and vertical target plates. The preparation process of the plasma facing component includes the plasma facing unit manufacturing, the vertical and horizontal target plate transition support and transition block processing, the transition block main body and the vertical and horizontal target plate welding, the transition block lower end cover welding, the S-shaped cover plate and the horizontal lower cover plate welding, and local finishing, and the structure and the preparation method have the advantages of high heat load bearing, uniform fluid distribution, and feasible processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing application technology for internal components of tokamak fusion devices, and mainly to a plasma-facing component structure of a fusion reactor divertor and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The divertor is one of the core internal components of a magnetically confined tokamak fusion reactor. Its main function is to remove heat and ash, ensuring the normal operation of the fusion reactor. A single divertor module consists of an inner target plate, a dome, an outer target plate, and a housing. The housing, as the main supporting component, integrates the inner target plate, dome, and outer target plate and provides coolant to them. The inner target plate, dome, and outer target plate are collectively referred to as the plasma-facing components of the divertor, which are further composed of plasma-facing units and transition supports.

[0003] In the design of inner and outer target plates facing the plasma unit, structures that meet different plasma configuration operating modes are currently widely adopted. Therefore, while ensuring that the temperature and stress of the plasma unit face meet the allowable values, the cooling problem at the V-shaped corner of the inner and outer target plates facing the plasma unit needs to be considered. In the remote operation compatibility design of divertors, separate maintenance schemes are currently widely adopted, such as the published Chinese invention patents CN2020112447133.0 and CN202110978711.6, which only maintain the easily damaged plasma-facing components, while the housing is not maintained. Considering the characteristics of the plasma-facing components themselves (cooling to remove high heat load and nuclear heat, fixed position of the connection structure, etc.), the arrangement of the internal flow channels in the transition support of the plasma-facing components and the feasibility of processing need to be comprehensively considered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a plasma-facing component structure for a fusion reactor divertor and its fabrication method. Taking into account the above factors, the inner target plate transition and dome transition support are integrated into a design. The inner target plate (dome) transition support and the outer target plate transition support are each made of two different materials. The internal flow channels are connected by S-shaped flow channels and a collector box, which has the ability to withstand high heat loads, uniform fluid distribution, and feasible processing.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A plasma-facing component structure for a fusion reactor divertor is disclosed. The fusion reactor divertor comprises a plasma-facing component and a housing. The plasma-facing component includes an inner target plate, a dome, and an outer target plate. The housing serves as a support component, connecting the inner target plate, dome, and outer target plate into a single unit. The inner target plate includes an inner vertical target plate, an inner horizontal target plate, an inner vertical target plate transition support, and an inner transition block. The dome includes an arch plate and a dome transition support. The outer target plate includes an outer vertical target plate, an outer horizontal target plate, and an outer target plate transition support. The inner vertical target plate transition support, the inner transition block, and the dome transition support are integrated into an inner target plate / dome transition support. The inner transition block is made of high-strength stainless steel to increase the strength of the V-shaped region of the inner target plate. Flow channels are provided inside the inner target plate / dome transition support and the outer target plate transition support. The gaps between the flow channels are used to arrange the inlet and outlet water pipes of the plasma-facing component and their connection structure with the housing.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer vertical target plate is composed of multiple outer vertical target plates facing the plasma unit, and the outer horizontal target plate is composed of multiple outer horizontal target plates facing the plasma unit; the structures of the inner vertical target plate and the inner horizontal target plate are the same as those of the outer vertical target plate and the outer horizontal target plate, respectively; the arch plate is also composed of multiple plasma-facing units.

[0008] Furthermore, the plasma-facing unit material constituting the inner vertical target plate, inner horizontal target plate, arch plate, outer horizontal target plate, and outer vertical target plate is tungsten, oxygen-free copper, chromium zirconium copper, or stainless steel. The plasma-facing unit is made of the material through casting, explosive welding, hot isostatic pressing, brazing, or argon arc welding processes.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer target plate transition support includes an outer horizontal target plate transition support, an outer transition block, and an outer vertical target plate transition support, all made of stainless steel or high-strength stainless steel. The outer transition block is made of high-strength stainless steel to increase the strength of the V-shaped area of ​​the outer target plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow channels in the outer target plate transition support include an S-shaped water channel, a middle flow channel, two side flow channels, a first collection box, and a second collection box. The S-shaped water channel and the second collection box are arranged in the outer vertical target plate transition support, the middle water channel and the two side flow channels are arranged in the outer transition block, and the first collection box is arranged in the outer horizontal target plate transition support.

[0011] Furthermore, the internal flow channels in the inner target plate / dome transition support are similar to those in the outer target plate. The inner vertical target plate transition support contains an S-shaped flow channel, two flow collection boxes, and other flow channels. The dome transition support contains an S-shaped flow channel, multiple flow collection boxes, and other flow channels. The inner transition block also contains a middle flow channel and two side flow channels.

[0012] Furthermore, the V-shaped region of the outer target plate is connected by a high-strength outer transition block, and the middle flow channel of the outer transition block is used to connect the coolant flowing through the plasma unit. The V-shaped region of the inner target plate is connected by a high-strength inner transition block, and the middle flow channel of the inner transition block is used to connect the coolant flowing through the plasma unit.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for fabricating a fusion reactor divertor structure including a plasma-facing component, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step (a) Connect and fix the outer vertical target plate facing the plasma unit and the outer vertical target plate transition support without the S-shaped cover plate with pins; connect and fix the outer horizontal target plate facing the plasma unit and the outer horizontal target plate transition support with pins.

[0015] Simultaneously with step (a), the end bend of the outer vertical target plate facing the plasma unit is aligned with the reserved hole on the transition support of the outer vertical target plate and welded.

[0016] Step (c) Fabricate and fix the tooling to position the outer vertical target plate transition support with multiple outer vertical target plates facing the plasma unit, the outer transition block, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support with multiple outer horizontal target plates facing the plasma unit. The outer transition block includes a transition block body and a lower cover plate. On one side of the outer vertical target plate transition support with an S-shaped flow channel, the outer transition block body with a middle flow channel and two side flow channels, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support with a current collection box and other flow channels, weld the transition block body of the outer transition block and the outer vertical target plate transition support and the outer horizontal target plate transition support.

[0017] Step (d) Weld the lower cover plate and the main body of the transition block to form the outer transition block; weld the S-shaped cover plate, the horizontal lower cover plate to the outer vertical target plate transition support, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support respectively;

[0018] Step (e) After the overall structure of the outer target plate is formed, local finishing is performed to alleviate local deformation during welding and other processes.

[0019] The advantages of this invention are:

[0020] (1) The inner target plate transition support and the dome transition support are integrated into a single inner target plate / dome transition support, which reduces the number of times pipes need to be cut and connection structures need to be dismantled during the individual maintenance of plasma components.

[0021] (2) The outer target plate V-shaped region facing the plasma unit is connected to the outer horizontal target plate transition support and the outer vertical target plate transition support respectively through the curved cooling pipe. The outer target plate transition support V-shaped region is connected by a high-strength transition block. At the same time, the flow channel in the middle of the transition block is used to connect the coolant flowing through the plasma unit. The inner target plate V-shaped region is connected in the same way as the outer target plate, which can adapt to the flexible plasma configuration operation mode and relieve stress and strain.

[0022] (3) The preparation process of plasma components, taking the outer target plate as an example, includes the processing of the plasma unit, the processing of the vertical and horizontal target plate transition support and transition block, the welding of the transition block body and the back of the vertical and horizontal target plates, the welding of the lower end cover of the transition block, the welding of the S-shaped cover plate, and the fine processing of the local structure. This preparation method has the advantages of processing feasibility. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a divertor.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the plasma-facing component (left: inner target plate and dome; right: outer target plate).

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal flow channel of the outer target plate.

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal flow channel of the V-shaped region of the outer target plate (i.e.) Figure 4 for Figure 3 (A schematic diagram of a local structure).

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure facing the plasma unit.

[0028] Figure 6 The flowchart shows the processing of the transition support for the outer vertical target plate; Figure (a) shows the processing of the blank forging, Figure (b) shows the processing of the internal S-shaped flow channel and the first and second machining of the collector box, Figure (c) shows the welding of the second connection support facing the plasma unit, and Figure (d) shows the processing of the S-shaped cover plate.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer transition block.

[0030] Figure 8 Figure 1 shows the fabrication process of the outer target plate. Figure 2 shows the connection between the outer vertical target plate and the plasma unit and the outer vertical target plate transition support. Figure 3 shows the alignment and welding of the bend at the end of the outer vertical target plate facing the plasma unit with the reserved hole of the outer vertical target plate transition support. Figure 4 shows the positional relationship between the outer transition block body and the outer vertical target plate transition support and the outer horizontal target plate transition support. Figure 5 shows the sequential welding of the lower cover plate, S-shaped cover plate and horizontal lower cover plate of the outer transition block. Figure 6 shows the overall structure of the outer target plate.

[0031] Explanation of the serial numbers in the attached diagram:

[0032] 1-Inner target plate; 2-Dome; 3-Outer target plate; 4-Box body; 5-V-shaped area of ​​inner target plate; 6-V-shaped area of ​​outer target plate; 7-Middle flow channel; 8-Two side flow channels; 9-Collector box one; 10-Collector box two; 11-Cooling pipe one; 12-Cooling pipe two; 13-Connecting support one facing the plasma unit; 14-Connecting support two facing the plasma unit; 15-S-shaped cover plate; 16-Horizontal lower cover plate;

[0033] 1.1-Inner vertical target plate; 1.2-Inner horizontal target plate; 1.3-Inner vertical target plate transition support; 1.4-Inner transition block; 2.1-Arch plate; 2.2-Dome transition support; 3.1-Outer vertical target plate facing the plasma unit; 3.2-Outer horizontal target plate facing the plasma unit; 3.3-Outer horizontal target plate transition support; 3.4-Outer transition block; 3.5-Outer vertical target plate transition support; 3.6-Water inlet pipe; 3.7-Water outlet pipe; 3.4.1-Transition block body; 3.4.2-Lower cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this invention discloses a plasma-facing component structure for a fusion reactor divertor and its fabrication method. The fusion reactor divertor comprises a plasma-facing component and a housing 4. The plasma-facing component includes an inner target plate 1, a dome 2, and an outer target plate 3. The housing 4 serves as the main supporting component, connecting the inner target plate 1, the dome 2, and the outer target plate 3 into a single unit. The inner target plate 1 includes an inner vertical target plate 1.1, an inner horizontal target plate 1.2, an inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3, and an inner transition block 1.4. The dome 2 includes an arch plate 2.1 and a dome transition support 2.2. The outer target plate 3 includes an outer vertical target plate, an outer horizontal target plate, an outer target plate transition support, an inlet pipe 3.6, and an outlet pipe 3.7.

[0036] The outer vertical target plate is composed of multiple outer vertical target plates facing the plasma unit 3.1, and the outer horizontal target plate is composed of multiple outer horizontal target plates facing the plasma unit 3.2; the structures of the inner vertical target plate and the inner horizontal target plate are the same as those of the outer vertical target plate and the outer horizontal target plate, respectively; the arch plate 2.1 is also composed of multiple plasma-facing units.

[0037] The plasma-facing unit materials that make up the inner vertical target plate, inner horizontal target plate, arch plate, outer horizontal target plate and outer vertical target plate are tungsten, oxygen-free copper, chromium zirconium copper and stainless steel, etc. These materials are made into plasma-facing units through processes such as casting, explosive welding, hot isostatic pressing, brazing and argon arc welding.

[0038] To reduce the number of times cooling pipes need to be cut and connecting structures (facing the plasma component and the box) need to be dismantled when maintaining the inner target plate 1 and dome 2 separately, the inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3, the inner transition block 1.4 and the dome transition support 2.2 are integrated into an inner target plate / dome transition support. Its material is stainless steel and high-strength stainless steel. The inner transition block 1.4 is made of high-strength stainless steel to increase the strength of the V-shaped area 5 of the inner target plate.

[0039] The plasma-facing unit of the V-shaped region 6 of the outer target plate is connected to the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 and the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 respectively via curved cooling pipes. The outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3, the outer transition block 3.4, and the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 are integrated into the outer target plate transition support, which is made of stainless steel and high-strength stainless steel. The outer transition block 3.4 is made of high-strength stainless steel to increase the strength of the V-shaped region 6 of the outer target plate.

[0040] The outer target plate V-shaped region 6 is connected by a high-strength outer transition block 3.4. Simultaneously, the central flow channel of the outer transition block 3.4 is used to connect the coolant flowing through the plasma unit. The inner target plate V-shaped region 5 is connected in the same way as the outer target plate V-shaped region 6, via a high-strength inner transition block 1.4. The central flow channel of the inner transition block 1.4 is also used to connect the coolant flowing through the plasma unit. This configuration allows for flexible plasma configuration operation while mitigating stress and strain.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5, the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3, and the outer transition block 3.4 are fixedly connected at the interface by welding. The outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 are fixedly connected to the plasma-facing connection support 14 by welding. The outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 and multiple outer vertical target plate plasma-facing units 3.1 are connected by pins to the already welded plasma-facing unit connection support 13 and plasma-facing unit connection support 14. Similarly, the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 and multiple outer horizontal target plate plasma-facing units 3.2 are connected by pins to the already welded plasma-facing unit connection support 13 and plasma-facing unit connection support 14.

[0042] The inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3 and the dome transition support 2.2 are welded to the inner transition block 1.4 at their interface. Similarly, the inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3 and the dome transition support 2.2 are welded to the plasma-facing connection support 14. Likewise, the inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3 and the dome transition support 2.2 are pinned to the plasma-facing unit.

[0043] The inner target plate and dome include an inner target plate / dome transition support that is fixed to the box 4 by bolts, and the outer target plate includes an outer target plate transition support that is fixed to the box 4 by bolts.

[0044] like Figure 3 The internal flow channel structure of the outer target plate shown is combined with Figure 2 Right and Figure 4 As can be seen, the flow channels in the outer target plate transition support include S-shaped flow channels, middle flow channels 7, two side flow channels 8, flow collection box 1 9, flow collection box 2 10, and other flow channels and flow collection boxes. The S-shaped flow channel, flow collection box 2 10, some flow channels and flow collection boxes are in the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5, the middle flow channel 7 and two side flow channels 8 are in the outer transition block 3.4, and flow collection box 1 9, some flow channels and flow collection boxes are in the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3.

[0045] The internal flow channels in the outer target plate / dome transition support are similar to those in the outer target plate. The inner vertical target plate transition support 1.3 includes an S-shaped flow channel, two flow collection boxes, and other flow channels. The dome transition support 2.2 includes an S-shaped flow channel, multiple flow collection boxes, and other flow channels. The inner transition block 1.4 also includes a middle flow channel and two side flow channels.

[0046] Taking the outer target plate as an example, its preparation process is described in detail. The preparation process of the inner target plate and the dome is similar to that of the outer target plate.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, multiple outer vertical target plates facing the plasma unit 3.1 are processed and tested to be qualified before installation, and multiple outer horizontal target plates facing the plasma unit 3.2 are processed and tested to be qualified before installation.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, the fabrication process of the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 is as follows:

[0049] (a) such as Figure 6 As shown in Figure (a), the machining of the blank forging;

[0050] (b) such as Figure 6 As shown in Figure (b), the machined internal S-shaped flow channel and manifold box one and manifold box two;

[0051] (c) such as Figure 6 As shown in Figure (c), the welding face connects to the plasma unit support 14;

[0052] (d) such as Figure 6 As shown in Figure (d), an S-shaped cover plate 15 is machined and is ready for installation.

[0053] The processing procedure for the transition support of the outer horizontal target plate is the same as that for the transition support of the outer vertical target plate.

[0054] The outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 have been machined and inspected, and neither has an S-shaped cover plate; they have been machined and inspected facing the plasma unit; such as Figure 7 As shown, the main body of the transition block 3.4.1 and the lower cover plate 3.4.2 have been processed and passed inspection.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, the remaining fabrication process for the outer target plate is as follows:

[0056] (a) such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (a), pins connect and secure the outer vertical target plate to the plasma unit 3.1 and the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 (without the S-shaped cover); similarly, pins connect and secure the outer horizontal target plate to the plasma unit 3.2 and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3.

[0057] (b) such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (b), simultaneously with the previous step, the outer vertical target plate faces the end bend of the plasma unit 3.1 and is aligned with the reserved hole on the transition support 3.5 of the outer vertical target plate and welded.

[0058] (c) such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (c), a tooling fixture is fabricated to fix and position the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5, the outer transition block 3.4, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3, which has multiple outer vertical target plates facing the plasma unit 3.1. The outer transition block 3.4 consists of two parts, including the transition block body 3.4.1 and the lower cover plate 3.4.2. On the side where the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 has an S-shaped flow channel, the outer transition block body 3.4.1 has a middle flow channel 7 and two side flow channels 8, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 has a collector box 9 and other flow channels, the transition block body 3.4.1, the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 of the outer transition block 3.4 are welded.

[0059] (d) such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (d), the lower cover plate 3.4.2 and the transition block body 3.4.1 are welded to form the outer transition block 3.4; the S-shaped cover plate 15, the horizontal lower cover plate 16 and the outer vertical target plate transition support 3.5 and the outer horizontal target plate transition support 3.3 are welded respectively.

[0060] (e) such as Figure 8As shown in Figure (e), after the overall structure of the outer target plate is formed, local finishing is carried out to alleviate local deformation during welding and other processes.

[0061] Although the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes will be obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, and all inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

Claims

1. A plasma-facing component structure for a fusion reactor divertor, the fusion reactor divertor comprising a plasma-facing component and a housing, the plasma-facing component including an inner target plate, a dome, and an outer target plate; the housing serving as a support component connecting the inner target plate, the dome, and the outer target plate into a single unit, characterized in that: The inner target plate comprises inner vertical target plate, inner horizontal target plate, inner vertical target plate transition support and inner transition block; the dome comprises arch plate and dome transition support; the outer target plate comprises outer vertical target plate, outer horizontal target plate, outer target plate transition support; the inner vertical target plate transition support, the inner transition block and the dome transition support are integrated into an inner target plate / dome transition support, the inner transition block is made of high-strength stainless steel to increase the strength of the V-shaped area of the inner target plate; the inner target plate / dome transition support and the outer target plate transition support are internally provided with flow channels, and the gaps between the flow channels are used to arrange the water inlet and outlet pipes of the plasma-facing components and the connecting structure between the pipes and the box body.

2. A structure of a plasma-facing component of a fusion reactor blanket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner vertical target plate transition support comprises S-shaped flow channel, two current collecting boxes and other flow channels, the dome transition support comprises S-shaped flow channel, multiple current collecting boxes and other flow channels, and the inner transition block also comprises middle flow channel and two side flow channels.

3. A structure of a plasma-facing component of a fusion reactor blanket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The V-shaped area of the outer target plate is connected through high-strength outer transition block, and the middle flow channel of the outer transition block is used to communicate the coolant flowing through the plasma-facing unit; the V-shaped area of the inner target plate is connected through high-strength inner transition block, and the middle flow channel of the inner transition block is used to communicate the coolant flowing through the plasma-facing unit.

4. A method of producing a structure of a plasma-facing component of a divertor of a fusion reactor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step (a) pin connection and fixation of the outer vertical target plate plasma-facing unit and the outer vertical target plate transition support without S-shaped cover plate; pin connection and fixation of the outer horizontal target plate plasma-facing unit and the outer horizontal target plate transition support; Step (b) at the same time with step (a), the end elbow of the outer vertical target plate plasma-facing unit is aligned with the reserved hole on the outer vertical target plate transition support and welded; Step (c) fixation and positioning of the outer vertical target plate transition support with multiple outer vertical target plate plasma-facing units, the outer transition block, the outer horizontal target plate transition support with multiple outer horizontal target plate plasma-facing units by making a tool, the outer transition block comprising transition block main body and lower cover plate; welding of the transition block main body of the outer transition block and the outer vertical target plate transition support and the outer horizontal target plate transition support, the outer vertical target plate transition support being provided with S-shaped flow channel, the outer transition block main body being provided with middle flow channel and two side flow channels, and the outer horizontal target plate transition support being provided with current collecting box one and other flow channels on one side; Step (d) welding of the lower cover plate and the transition block main body to form the outer transition block; welding of the S-shaped cover plate and the horizontal lower cover plate with the outer vertical target plate transition support and the outer horizontal target plate transition support, respectively; Step (e) after the outer target plate is formed as a whole structure, local finishing is performed to relieve local deformation in the welding process.

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