A spin valve

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the technical field of engine valve train systems and provides a self-rotating valve. The valve includes a valve stem, a valve head, and a valve bottom. The valve bottom includes a bottom circular part and a bottom spiral part. A spiral component is arranged on the circumferential surface of the bottom spiral part. The self-rotating valve provided by the present invention, by adding a forced rotation mechanism, without increasing additional layout space and cost, only through the change of the shape of the bottom surface of the valve head, utilizes the intake and exhaust airflows to generate a lateral force on the valve lift, so that the valve rotates self-spinningly in a spiral shape on the bottom plane of the valve, which can meet the requirements of small layout space, low cost, and low failure risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engine valve distribution systems, and in particular relates to a spinning valve. Background Art

[0002] The valve is a crucial engine component. It's responsible for introducing air into the engine and discharging combustion exhaust gases. Based on engine structure, valves are categorized as intake valves and exhaust valves. The intake valve draws air into the engine for combustion, mixing it with fuel; the exhaust valve discharges combustion exhaust gases and dissipates heat. Based on the finished valve structure, valves are typically classified into solid valves, bimetallic butt-welded valves, and hollow sodium-filled valves.

[0003] During actual engine operation, the valves and their matching cylinder head seat guides are exposed to high temperatures and stress. During valve opening, the combustion gases in the cylinder generate heat, causing the hot gases to come into contact with the valve neck and conical surface. Simultaneously, the hot gases flow upward through the gap between the valve and guide, exposing the valve guide to high temperatures during the valve opening process. When the valve seats, a significant impact force is exerted between the valve and cylinder head seat. Simultaneously, when the valve closes, the heat generated by the combustion of the hot gases is transferred upward through the valve head to the seat and guide. In short, the valve is subjected to high temperatures and thermal loads throughout its entire opening and closing process.

[0004] In the engine combustion chamber, during the ignition and combustion process, the temperature field around the valves and valve seats does not follow a 360° uniform temperature distribution. Generally, the temperature will be better on the side close to the spark plug. In this case, the thermal expansion of the valves and valve seats is different. Under different thermal loads, the valves and valve seats will form a trend of greater wear in the high-temperature area and less wear in the sub-high-temperature area. If this continues for a long time, it will cause eccentric wear, which will eventually lead to poor sealing of the valves and valve seats, resulting in air leakage.

[0005] In addition to the uneven temperature distribution of the valves and valve seats within the combustion chamber causing eccentric wear, the lateral force of the valve mechanism can also cause eccentric wear. In the theoretical layout of the valve mechanism, corresponding to the rocker arm and tappet structural layout, the tappet hole is arranged without offset in the intake and exhaust directions relative to the guide tube hole. However, in actual mass production, due to the hole and shaft clearance and the dimensional deviation of the processing, the actual guide tube hole and tappet hole are eccentric relative to the intake and exhaust direction. This eccentricity causes the cam of the camshaft to press against the rocker arm during rotation, causing the valve mechanism to become eccentric. This eccentricity causes lateral force to be generated during the actual movement process between the valve and guide tube, and between the valve and valve seat ring. This lateral force can also cause eccentric wear of the valve and valve seat ring, and ultimately lead to poor sealing and air leakage.

[0006] Long-term contact between the valve and valve seat under lateral forces and varying temperatures can lead to significant wear in certain areas of contact between the valve and valve seat. One effective way to improve this situation is to rotate the valve to achieve uniform contact between the valve and valve seat. This uniformity not only ensures uniform wear across the contact area, but also distributes the thermal load evenly across the contact area during valve rotation.

[0007] For cup-type valve trains, eccentric design of the cam and mechanical tappet is a common approach. For rocker-tappetite systems, a three-component locking clamp is commonly used. Part of its rotational principle is to transfer the torsional force of the rotating spring to the upper seat through direct friction with the upper seat, causing it to rotate. This is then transferred to the valve through friction in the valve clamp's clamping mechanism, causing it to rotate. Another part of the rotational force also comes from the aforementioned eccentricity between the valve and tappet. Lateral force, to a certain extent, also contributes to the valve's rotational force.

[0008] In diesel engines, for example, where the valvetrain is arranged vertically or nearly vertically, the lateral force of this original arrangement has minimal effect on valve rotation. Furthermore, in most engines, valve rotation only occurs noticeably at high engine speeds. To address this difficulty, or the need for high-speed rotation, forced rotation mechanisms are often employed. This involves creating a forced rotation mechanism on either the upper or lower seat to force the valves to rotate. However, this mechanism requires a large layout space, a complex structure, and the added risk of forced rotation.

[0009] In small engines, especially those with three-part locking clips, the valve train itself has a self-rotating mechanism, but it rotates faster at high speeds and slower at low speeds. Forced self-rotation mechanisms are difficult to deploy in compact engines, especially small ones. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a spin valve, comprising:

[0011] The valve stem 1, the valve head 2, and the valve bottom 3; the valve bottom 3 includes a bottom circular part 4 and a bottom spiral part 5; a spiral component is provided on the circumference of the bottom spiral part 5.

[0012] Furthermore, the valve bottom 3 as a whole is a concave or convex curved surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the valve stem 1 is cylindrical, and a valve locking clamp component 6 is provided at one end of the valve stem 1 away from the valve head 2 .

[0014] Further, the valve head 2 is a disc with a conical inclined plane, and the valve cone angle is 30° to 45°.

[0015] Further, the bottom circle part 4 is a concentric circle concentric with the valve bottom 3. The diameter of the bottom circle part 4 is smaller than the diameter of the valve bottom 3 and larger than the diameter of the bottom circle of the valve stem 1.

[0016] Further, the spiral components are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface; the number of spiral components is R, where R is an even number greater than or equal to 3.

[0017] Further, the bottom spiral part 5 will generate a spiral lateral force under the action of the air flow.

[0018] Further, the magnitude of the lateral force pressure can be changed by adjusting the inlet diameter of the spiral component, the radian of the spiral component, and the height on both sides of the spiral component.

[0019] Further, the bottom spiral part 5 and the bottom circle part 4 are smoothly transitioned.

[0020] Furthermore, the valve bottom 3 is arranged in the air passage of the engine.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The self-rotating valve provided by the present invention, by adding a forced rotation mechanism, without increasing additional layout space and cost, only through the change of the shape of the bottom surface of the valve head, uses the intake and exhaust air flows to generate a lateral force on the valve lift, so that the valve rotates. It is more suitable for internal combustion engines with weak self-rotating ability that need to strengthen the valve rotation but have not very high requirements for the valve rotation ability. Making a spiral shape on the bottom plane of the valve can meet the requirements of small layout space, low cost, and low failure risk.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following specification, and, in part, will be obvious from the specification, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the specification and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1Shows a schematic diagram of the overall valve of a spin valve of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Shows a schematic diagram of the bottom of a spin valve of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, valve stem part; 2, valve head; 3, valve bottom; 4, bottom circular part; 5, bottom spiral part; 6, valve retainer component. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] In the design of the conventional engine valve train, in order to avoid problems such as uneven wear caused by non-rotating valves, a common design is to make the valve mechanism rotate through an eccentric design of the tappet and the camshaft or through a three-component retainer design. However, in the medium and low speed range, the valve rotates slowly in this conventional design, and an auxiliary rotation method is required to accelerate the valve rotation. One of the common design methods is to use a forced rotation mechanism on the upper or lower valve spring seat to generate frictional force through lateral force to accelerate the valve rotation; but this is not suitable for small engines, requires a large layout space, has a high cost, and the failure risk of the rotation mechanism is also high.

[0030] Another way is to design a spiral shape in the neck area between the valve stem part and the bottom. There are mainly two means. One is to press-fit a spiral sheet structure. This structure has a good rotation effect, but has a high cost and poor reliability. The other is to make a spiral shape in the neck by die-casting or machining. Although this method has a low cost, due to the concave spiral shape in the neck, a large amount of carbon deposits are likely to form inside the spiral shape during actual use. This carbon deposit comes from the sintering of lubricating oil leaked from the valve oil seal and the accumulation of combustion products generated by incomplete combustion in the combustion chamber. Due to the large area of the concave-shaped component, the long-term accumulation of carbon deposits will cause poor heat dissipation in the neck, leading to a series of problems such as poor reliability.

[0031] Based on the above considerations, a design solution that does not affect the overall layout, can promote valve rotation, and does not increase carbon deposits in the valve body needs to be proposed. The present invention makes an optimization improvement on the valve body, and makes a spiral shape on the bottom plane of the valve, which can meet the requirements of small layout space, low cost, and low failure risk.

[0032] Specifically, the present invention proposes a spin valve, comprising:

[0033] a valve stem 1, a valve head 2, and a valve bottom 3.

[0034] Further, the valve bottom 3 includes a bottom circular part 4 and a bottom spiral part 5. Wherein, a spiral component is arranged on the circumferential surface of the bottom spiral part 5, and the spiral component will generate a spiral lateral force under the action of the air flow, and the lateral force can promote the valve to spin.

[0035] It should be noted that the overall shape of the valve bottom 3 is concave or convex. Preferably, the valve bottom 3 is concave.

[0036] It should be noted that the valve stem 1 is cylindrical, and a valve retainer component 6 is provided at one end of the valve stem 1 away from the valve head 2, and the valve retainer component 6 is used to bear the alternating load caused by the inertial force and the force of the valve spring.

[0037] Further, the valve stem 1 reciprocates in the valve guide, and the surface of the valve stem 1 is heat-treated and polished. The shape of the end of the valve stem 1 depends on the fixing form of the valve spring. The common structure is to use two half-lock pieces to fix the spring seat, and an annular component is provided at the end of the valve stem 1 to install the lock piece. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, a lock pin is used for fixing, and there is a hole for installing the lock pin at its end.

[0038] It should be noted that the valve head 2 is a disc with a conical inclined surface, and the valve cone angle is 30° - 45°.

[0039] Wherein, the valve cone angle is the angle of the surface. Generally, the valve cone angles of the intake and exhaust valves are both 45°. For a valve with a cone angle of 30°, considering the same lift, the valve taper is small, the valve passage area at the end face is large, and the intake resistance is small; however, since the edge of the valve head with a small taper is thinner, the stiffness is small, and the sealing and heat conduction are poor, it is generally used for the intake valve.

[0040] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the valve cone angle is 45°. In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the intake valve is larger than that of the exhaust valve to reduce the intake resistance and improve the intake efficiency of the cylinder.

[0041] It should be noted that the valve head 2 needs to bear the gas pressure, the force of the valve spring, and the inertial force of the transmission component, and the lubrication and cooling conditions are poor; generally, alloy steel (chrome steel, nickel-chromium steel) is used for the intake valve, and heat-resistant alloy (silicon-chromium steel) is used for the exhaust valve. The head of the exhaust valve is made of heat-resistant alloy, and the stem is made of chrome steel, and then the two are welded together.

[0042] Furthermore, there is a preset thickness at the edge of the valve head 2, and the preset thickness is 1 - 3 mm. This preset thickness is used to prevent damage caused by impact with the valve seat or high temperature during operation.

[0043] Furthermore, the shape of the valve head 2 includes a flat top, a spherical top, a trumpet top, etc. The flat-top valve head has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has a small heat absorption area, a small mass, and can be used for both intake and exhaust valves. The spherical-top valve is suitable for exhaust valves. It has high strength, low exhaust resistance, and good exhaust gas elimination effect, but it has a large heat absorption area, a large mass and inertia, and is complex to process. The trumpet shape has a certain streamline, which can reduce the intake resistance, but its head has a large heat absorption area and is only suitable for intake valves. Specifically, in this embodiment, the shape of the valve head 2 is a flat top.

[0044] It should be noted that the bottom circle part 4 is a concentric circle with the valve bottom 3. The diameter of the bottom circle part 4 is smaller than the diameter of the valve bottom 3 and larger than the diameter of the bottom circle of the valve stem 1.

[0045] It should be noted that the spiral components are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface; the number of spiral components is R, where R is an even number greater than or equal to 3. Specifically, in this embodiment of the present invention, R = 6.

[0046] Among them, the uniform distribution of the bottom spiral part 5 on the circumferential surface can cause a uniform lateral force at the valve bottom, thereby generating self-rotation.

[0047] It should be noted that the bottom spiral part 5 will generate a spiral lateral force under the action of the air flow.

[0048] Furthermore, the magnitude of the lateral force pressure can be changed by adjusting the inlet diameter of the spiral component, the radian of the spiral component, and the height on both sides of the spiral component. Specifically, by adjusting the area of the spiral component port and the side area of the spiral component to change the magnitude of the lateral force. The magnitude of the lateral force determines the force received when the valve accelerates to rotate. Under the action of the lateral force, the valve spins.

[0049] It should be noted that the bottom spiral part 5 and the bottom circle part 4 have a smooth transition, enabling the gas to flow in and out smoothly.

[0050] It should be noted that the valve bottom 3 is arranged in the air passage of the engine.

[0051] It should be noted that the design of the valve bottom is determined by the valve piston clearance, the strength of the valve head 2, and the height of the bolt.

[0052] It should be noted that during the operation of the engine, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are continuously opened and closed. During the opening and closing process, there is a stage where the in-cylinder pressure is greater than the intake and exhaust pressures. During this stage, the gas pressure in the cylinder acts on the bottom surface of the valve. If the bottom surface is a flat surface, the gas pressure is a force perpendicular to the bottom surface of the valve. The bottom surface of the present invention is a curved surface with evenly distributed spiral structures in the middle. When the airflow acts on the bottom of the valve, a spiral lateral force will be generated. Under the action of the lateral force, the valve will receive a force that accelerates its rotation and generate self-rotation.

[0053] Furthermore, when the bottom of the valve receives the impact of the in-cylinder pressure, a part of the airflow acts on the large curved surface of the whole bottom and then discharges out of the cylinder along the curved surface. The edge of the large curved surface at the bottom needs to have a smooth transition to ensure the discharge of the airflow. The spiral structure and the middle circle need to have a smooth transition to ensure the smooth inflow and outflow of the airflow. When the airflow acts on the spiral concave part and the middle circle, the gas in the valve needs to be discharged and will flow into the channel connecting the two. When the valve passes through the spiral concave part, a lateral force can be generated during this process. This lateral force is related to the inlet diameter of the spiral concave part, the radian of the part, and the height on both sides of the expected part, and these related dimensions can be adjusted according to requirements to change the pressure magnitude of the lateral force. At the same time, in the initial design stage, if it is a tappet valve mechanism, the initial rotation direction of the valve can be judged according to the eccentric direction of the tappet and the camshaft and the rotation direction of the valve spring. According to the initial rotation direction, the rotation direction of the spiral concave part at the bottom of the valve, the depth difference between the corresponding two-side parts, and other dimensions can be adjusted to change the self-rotation direction and speed.

[0054] It should also be noted that in the common valve process, the head is initially formed by the upsetting process. The difference between the present invention and the conventional valve is that the upsetting die needs to be changed with the change of the designed shape of the bottom body of the valve, and other processes remain unchanged. For the bottom surface with relatively high requirements for surface roughness in the previous bottom surface processing, a profiling processing technology or a polishing technology is adopted to correct the bottom surface after upsetting to meet the requirements of surface roughness.

[0055] Furthermore, in terms of the design of the valve bottom surface, it is necessary to consider the valve piston clearance and the strength of the valve head, and combine the efficiency required for valve rotation to determine whether the bottom surface is concave or convex, as well as dimensions such as the height of the bolt.

[0056] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spin valve, characterized in that, Comprising: A valve stem (1), a valve head (2), and a valve bottom (3); the valve bottom (3) includes a bottom circular part (4) and a bottom spiral part (5); the bottom spiral part (5) is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the bottom circular part (4), and the bottom spiral part (5) generates a spiral lateral force under the action of air flow. A spiral component is arranged on the peripheral surface of the bottom circular part (4), and the spiral components are evenly distributed on the peripheral surface. The valve stem (1) is cylindrical, and a valve retainer component (6) is provided at one end of the valve stem (1) away from the valve head (2). The valve head (2) is a disc with a conical inclined surface, and the valve cone angle is 30° - 45°. The valve bottom (3) is an overall concave or convex curved surface.

2. The self-rotating valve according to claim 1, wherein The bottom circular part (4) is a concentric circle with the valve bottom (3), and the diameter of the bottom circular part (4) is smaller than the diameter of the valve bottom (3) and larger than the diameter of the bottom circle of the valve stem (1).

3. The self-rotating valve according to claim 1, wherein The number of the spiral components is R, where R is an even number greater than or equal to 3.

4. The self-rotating valve according to claim 1, wherein The magnitude of the lateral force pressure can be changed by adjusting the inlet diameter of the spiral component, the radian of the spiral component, and the height on both sides of the spiral component.

5. The self-rotating valve according to claim 1, wherein The bottom spiral part (5) and the bottom circular part (4) are smoothly transitioned.

6. The spin valve according to claim 1, wherein, The valve bottom (3) is arranged in the air passage of the engine.

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