A small-seed hill-planting seed metering system

Abstract

The small-grain seed hole planting and seeding system belongs to agricultural machinery equipment, comprising a seed dispenser and a seed guiding mechanism, the seed dispenser comprising a seed box, a seed particle distribution chamber and an air blower, the lower opening of the seed box being located at the upper opening of the seed particle distribution chamber and forming a seed outlet at the connection position, the air blower being fixed to the outer wall of one side of the seed particle distribution chamber, the seed guiding mechanism being installed directly below the seed dispenser, the seed guiding mechanism comprising a mounting frame, a seed guiding chain, a driving motor II and a tensioning mechanism, a plurality of scoops being uniformly fixed to the outer side of the seed guiding chain. The device is technically integrated with the positive and negative pressure point seeding device and the scoop chain type seed guiding mechanism, can ensure that 3-5 seeds are filled into each type hole, form a uniform seed flow, and can realize accurate seed taking, stable seed conveying and accurate seed dropping, so that the migration track of the seeds from the seed dispenser to the seed furrow is accurately controllable, the deviation of the landing position caused by wind blowing and collision is avoided, the seed landing precision is improved, and the qualified rate of the hole seed number and the hole forming effect after the seed landing are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to agricultural machinery and equipment, and mainly relates to a small-grain seed hole sowing and metering system. Background Technology

[0002] A seeder is a planting machine that uses crop seeds as the object of sowing. It is used for a certain type or type of crop and is often named after the crop type, such as grain row seeder, corn hill seeder, cotton seeder, and pasture broadcaster. The seed metering system is the core component of the seeder, which mainly includes a quantitative seed dispensing mechanism and a seed guiding mechanism. It is the key to controlling the number of seeds per hole and the spacing between holes in the field. The quantitative seed dispensing mechanism is also called a seed metering device. Its main function is to separate and quantify the seed population, ultimately forming a uniform and orderly seed flow.

[0003] Although significant progress has been made in the research of precision seeders both domestically and internationally, the main targets of precision seeders are large-grain grains such as wheat, soybeans, and corn. Small seeds, due to their small size, light weight, and the presence of impurities in some crop seeds, present considerable challenges in developing precision hill-seeding devices. However, with increasing research, the quality of precision hill-seeding of small seeds has gradually improved. Currently, the technology primarily employs a combination of pneumatic and mechanical seed metering devices. While this generally ensures a uniform and orderly seed flow, the distance between the seed metering device and the seed furrow means that the seeds, being very light, are easily affected by wind as they fall from the metering device through the seed guide area into the furrow, resulting in "wind-induced displacement" and reduced seed landing accuracy. Using conventional seed guide tubes, such as those published in CN110431961A, further complicates the process. The positive and negative pressure seeding device, known as a precision planting seeder, suffers from "collision displacement" due to mechanical vibration and other factors. As the seeds pass through the seed guide tube, they collide with the tube wall, reducing the accuracy of seed placement and compromising the precision of the number of seeds per hole and the diameter of the planting hole. Therefore, developing a seed guide device suitable for planting small seeds in holes is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a small seed hole sowing system.

[0005] This invention discloses a small-grain seed metering system, comprising a seed meterer and a seed guiding mechanism. The seed meterer includes a seed box, a seed distribution chamber, and a blower. The lower opening of the seed box is positioned at the upper opening of the seed distribution chamber, forming a seed outlet at the connection. A perforated wheel is installed within the seed distribution chamber via a drive shaft I. A stator pressure distributor is installed within the perforated wheel, forming a negative pressure chamber circumferentially sealed and tangential to the inner wall of the perforated wheel. Multiple perforations are evenly distributed around the outer wall of the perforated wheel. A seed cleaning brush is installed at the lower end of one side of the seed outlet via a drive shaft II. A horizontal baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber in the upper part of the perforated wheel on the other side of the seed outlet. A seed protection plate, tangential to the surface of the perforated wheel, is fixed counterclockwise at the lower end of the seed cleaning brush on the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber. A blower is fixed to the outer wall of one side of the seed distribution chamber. The inlet of the blower is connected to the negative pressure chamber, and the outlet of the blower is connected to a positive pressure nozzle. Drive sprockets I and II are respectively provided on one side of drive shaft I and drive sprocket II. Drive sprockets I and drive sprocket II are connected by drive chain transmission. One end of drive shaft I is fixedly connected to the output end of drive motor I through coupling I. Seed dispensing port is provided at the bottom of the seed distribution chamber. Seed guiding mechanism is installed directly below the seed dispenser. Seed guiding mechanism includes mounting frame, seed guiding chain, drive motor II and tensioning mechanism. The mounting frame is composed of connecting shaft I and connecting shaft II installed at the upper and lower ends of the left and right guard plates respectively through bearing seats. Chain support wheel I and chain support wheel II are fixed in the middle of connecting shaft I and connecting shaft II respectively. Chain support wheel I and chain support wheel II are connected by seed guiding chain transmission. One end of connecting shaft I is fixedly connected to the output end of drive motor II through coupling. Multiple scoops are evenly fixed around the outer circumference of seed guiding chain.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, a tensioning mechanism is also included. The tensioning mechanism, chain support wheel I and chain support wheel II are connected by a guide chain drive. The tensioning mechanism is composed of a tensioning beam, a tensioning spring, a tensioning sprocket and a screw. The tensioning beam is fixed at the center position between the left guard plate and the right guard plate. One end of the screw is provided with a tensioning sprocket and a spring stop is fixed at the center position. The other end of the screw passes through the tensioning beam and is locked and fixed by a locking nut. A tensioning spring is sleeved on the screw between the spring stop and the outer wall of the tensioning beam.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the lower part of both sides of the mounting bracket is provided with strip-shaped adjustment holes, and the left and right sides of the strip-shaped adjustment holes are provided with evenly arranged circular mounting holes. The two ends of the connecting shaft II pass through the strip-shaped adjustment holes on both sides respectively, and the bearing seats at both ends are fixed to the two sides of the mounting bracket by bolts and mounting holes.

[0008] This invention discloses a small-grain seed planting system with a reasonable structural design. It integrates the positive and negative pressure seeding device of a precision planter with a spoon-chain seed guiding mechanism. The positive and negative pressure seeding device of the precision planter relies on the principle of negative pressure-assisted seed filling and protection, and positive pressure forced seeding and unblocking to ensure that 3-5 seeds are filled into each hole, forming a uniform seed flow. The spoon-chain seed guiding mechanism in the seeding system can achieve precise seed loading, stable seed transportation, and precise seed placement. This makes the seed movement trajectory from the seed meterer to the seed furrow precisely controllable, achieving fully constrained seed guiding. It avoids the deviation in landing position caused by wind and collision during transportation, improves the seed landing accuracy, and improves the qualified seed count per hole and the hole formation effect after seed landing. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the sectional view along the AA direction. Implementation

[0010] The present invention provides a small seed hole sowing system, including a seed metering device and a seed guiding mechanism. The seed metering device includes a seed box 1, a seed distribution chamber 2 and a blower 3. The seed distribution chamber 2 is formed by fastening bolts between a left shell and a right shell.

[0011] The lower opening of the seed box 1 is located at the upper opening of the seed distribution chamber 2, forming a seed outlet 4 at their connection. A perforation wheel 6 is installed inside the seed distribution chamber 2 via a drive shaft I 5. A stator pressure distributor 7 is installed inside the perforation wheel 6, and a negative pressure chamber 8 is formed by a circumferential seal tangentially to the inner wall of the perforation wheel 6. Multiple perforations 9 are evenly arranged around the outer wall of the perforation wheel 6. A seed cleaning brush 11 is installed at the lower end of one side of the seed outlet 4 via a drive shaft II 10. The length of the seed cleaning brush 11 is the same as the length of the perforation wheel 6, and the bristles of the seed cleaning brush 11 contact the surface of the perforation wheel 6. By using a flexible seed cleaning device, mechanical damage to the seeds can be reduced. On the other side of the seed outlet 4, in the upper part of the perforation wheel 6... A horizontal baffle 12 is fixed on the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber 2. The other end of the horizontal baffle 12 is fitted with the die-cutting wheel 6 with a clearance to prevent the seeds from falling into the bottom of the seed distribution chamber 2 while ensuring seed filling. At the lower end of the seed cleaning brush 11, on the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber 2, a seed protection plate 13 is fixed in a counterclockwise direction, which is tangent to the surface of the die-cutting wheel 6. The seed protection plate 13 is an arc shape concentric with the die-cutting wheel 6. A blower 3 is fixed on one side of the outer wall of the seed distribution chamber 2. The air inlet of the blower 3 is connected to the negative pressure chamber 8, and the air outlet of the blower 3 is connected to the positive pressure nozzle 14. The positive pressure nozzle 14 is installed on the right shell, and its air outlet is directly opposite the die-cutting hole 9, which is exactly where the die-cutting hole 9 is when it is completely removed from the seed protection plate.

[0012] The drive shaft I5 and drive shaft II10 are respectively provided with drive sprocket I15 and drive sprocket II16 on one side of the same side. Drive sprocket I15 and drive sprocket II16 are connected by drive chain 17. One end of drive shaft I5 is fixedly connected to the output end of drive motor I19 through coupling I18. Seed dispensing port is provided at the bottom of seed distribution chamber 2. Its specific structure can be found in the published document with publication number CN 110431961 A, entitled "Positive and Negative Pressure Point Seeding Device for Precision Planting Seeder".

[0013] The seed guiding mechanism is installed directly below the seed metering device. The mechanism includes a mounting frame 20, a seed guiding chain 21, a drive motor II 22, and a tensioning mechanism. The mounting frame 20 consists of a connecting shaft I 25 and a connecting shaft II 26 mounted on its upper and lower ends via bearing seats between the left guard plate 23 and the right guard plate 24. Chain support wheels I 27 and II 28 are fixed at their midpoints on the connecting shafts I 25 and II 26, respectively. The chain support wheels I 27 and II 28, and the tensioning mechanism are connected via the seed guiding chain 21. One end of the connecting shaft I 25 is connected to the tensioning mechanism via a coupling 29. The output end of the drive motor II 22 is fixedly connected, and multiple scoops 30 are evenly fixed around the outer circumference of the seed guide chain 21. The mounting frame 20 has strip-shaped adjustment holes 37 on both sides of the lower part, and evenly arranged circular mounting holes 38 on both sides of the strip-shaped adjustment holes 37. The two ends of the connecting shaft II 36 pass through the strip-shaped adjustment holes 37 on both sides respectively, and the bearing seats at both ends are fixed to both sides of the mounting frame 20 by bolts and the mounting holes 38. By installing the two ends of the bearing seats on different mounting holes 38, the bearing seats can be adjusted up and down on the strip-shaped adjustment holes 37, thereby controlling the height of the seeds from the ground.

[0014] The tensioning mechanism, chain support wheel I 27, and chain support wheel II 28 are connected by a seed guide chain 21. The tensioning mechanism consists of a tension beam 31, a tension spring 32, a tension sprocket 33, and a screw 34. The tension beam 31 is fixed at the center between the left guard plate 23 and the right guard plate 24. One end of the screw 34 is equipped with a tension sprocket 33, and a spring baffle 35 is fixed at the center. The other end of the screw 34 passes through the tension beam 31 and is locked in place by a locking nut 36. A tension spring 32 is fitted on the screw 34 between the spring baffle 35 and the outer wall of the tension beam 31. The tensioning mechanism can also be used to control the seed height above the ground.

[0015] Working principle: During operation, seeds in the seed box 1 enter the filling hole 9 through their own gravity and the suction force generated by the negative pressure chamber 8 at the filling hole 9, completing the filling process. Inside the hole 9, the seeds rotate clockwise with the filling wheel 6 driven by the drive motor I 19. Simultaneously, the cleaning brush 11 rotates clockwise under the drive chain 17, removing seeds outside the filling hole 9, thus completing the cleaning process. Inside the filling hole 9, the seeds continue to move clockwise with the filling wheel 6 under the combined protection of the seed guard plate 13 and the suction force of the negative pressure chamber 8 until they reach the filling hole 9. The seeds detach from the seed protection plate 13 and reach the seed discharging area, completing the seed protection process. In the seed discharging area, the seeds rely on their own weight and the positive pressure blowing force generated by the positive pressure nozzle 14 to detach from the orifice 9, completing the seed discharging process. The seeds discharged from the seed meterer enter the scoop 30, completing the seed placement process. Driven by the drive motor II 22, the seed guide chain 21 rotates counterclockwise, driving the scoop 30 to rotate counterclockwise, and the seeds move towards the ground with the scoop 30, completing the seed transport process. When the scoop 30 approaches the ground, as the scoop 30 rotates, the seeds detach from the scoop 30 by gravity and fall into the seed furrow, completing the seed placement process.

Claims

1. A small-grain seed metering system, comprising a seed meterer and a seed guiding mechanism, wherein the seed meterer comprises a seed box (1), a seed distribution chamber (2) and a blower (3), wherein the lower opening of the seed box (1) is located at the upper opening of the seed distribution chamber (2) and forms a seed outlet (4) at the connection point, wherein a perforation wheel (6) is installed in the seed distribution chamber (2) via a drive shaft I (5), wherein a stator pressure distributor (7) is provided in the perforation wheel (6) and forms a negative pressure chamber (8) by sealing and tangent to the inner wall of the perforation wheel (6) around the periphery, wherein a plurality of perforations (9) are evenly arranged around the outer wall of the perforation wheel (6), wherein a seed cleaning brush (11) is installed at the lower end of one side of the seed outlet (4) via a drive shaft II (10), and a horizontal baffle (12) is fixed on the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber (2) in the upper part of the perforation wheel (6) on the other side of the seed outlet (4). At the lower end of the seed cleaning brush (11), a seed guard plate (13) tangent to the surface of the shaped hole wheel (6) is fixed clockwise on the inner wall of the seed distribution chamber (2). A blower (3) is fixed on one side of the outer wall of the seed distribution chamber (2). The air inlet of the blower (3) is connected to the negative pressure chamber (8), and the air outlet of the blower (3) is connected to the positive pressure nozzle (14). One end of the drive shaft I (5) and the drive shaft II (10) on the same side are respectively provided with drive sprocket I (15) and drive sprocket II (16). Drive sprocket I (15) and drive sprocket II (16) are connected by drive chain (17). One end of the drive shaft I (5) is fixedly connected to the output end of drive motor I (19) through coupling I (18). The bottom of the seed distribution chamber (2) is provided with a seed discharge port. The seed guiding mechanism is installed directly below the seed metering device. The seed guiding mechanism includes a mounting frame (20), a seed guiding chain (21), and a drive motor II (22). The mounting frame (20) is composed of connecting shaft I (25) and connecting shaft II (26) installed at the upper and lower ends of the left guard plate (23) and the right guard plate (24) respectively through bearing seats. Chain support wheel I (27) and chain support wheel II (28) are fixed at the middle positions of the connecting shaft I (25) and the connecting shaft II (26) respectively. Chain support wheel I (27) and chain support wheel II (28) are connected by transmission through the seed guiding chain (21). One end of the connecting shaft I (25) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor II (22) through a coupling (29). Multiple scoops (30) are evenly fixed around the outer circumference of the seed guiding chain (21). The mounting bracket (20) is provided with strip-shaped adjustment holes (37) on both sides of the lower part. The left and right sides of the strip-shaped adjustment holes (37) are provided with evenly arranged circular mounting holes (38). The two ends of the connecting shaft II (26) pass through the strip-shaped adjustment holes (37) on both sides respectively, and the bearing seats at both ends are fixed to the two sides of the mounting bracket (20) by bolts and mounting holes (38). It also includes a tensioning mechanism, wherein the tensioning mechanism, chain support wheel I (27) and chain support wheel II (28) are connected by a guide chain (21) for transmission. The tensioning mechanism is composed of a tensioning beam (31), a tensioning spring (32), a tensioning sprocket (33) and a screw (34).

2. The small-grain seed hill-sowing system according to claim 1, characterized in that... The tension beam (31) is fixed at the center between the left guard plate (23) and the right guard plate (24). One end of the screw (34) is provided with a tension sprocket (33) and a spring baffle (35) is fixed at the center. The other end of the screw (34) passes through the tension beam (31) and is locked and fixed by a locking nut (36). A tension spring (32) is sleeved on the screw (34) between the spring baffle (35) and the outer wall of the tension beam (31).

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