Method for making high-energy forage from straw

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for making high-energy forage from straw, the main steps of which include: crushing the straw to a length of 35-40 mm, then soaking the crushed straw in a starch paste solution until the straw weight increases by 10%-15%; placing the soaked and weighted straw in a closed environment for steam heating and pressurization, and then performing instantaneous pressure relief blasting; soaking the blasted straw with alkali solution; transferring the alkali-soaked straw to a fermentation tank, inoculating a bacterial flora, and then fermenting it; and drying the fermented straw to obtain high-energy forage. The high-energy forage obtained by the preparation method of the present invention can basically use straw as raw material, has relatively low cost, and the obtained forage has good performance and good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feed technology, in particular to a method for making high-energy forage grass from straw. Background Art

[0002] my country's straw raw materials are abundant and cheap, and are an important agricultural resource. However, the current level of straw resource utilization is low. Forage is a feasible resource utilization direction for straw.

[0003] However, straw has low digestibility and nutritional value, requiring it to undergo certain biological fermentation or physical and chemical treatments before it can be used as forage. However, the nutritional benefits of current biological fermentation or physical and chemical treatments are limited, requiring forage to be mixed with other nutrient-rich feeds. Essentially, the utilization rate of straw itself in the mixed feed after blending is still low. Furthermore, improper straw handling can lead to poor palatability for animals, reducing their appetite and hindering their resource utilization.

[0004] In view of this, how to improve the utilization rate of straw and make straw into high-energy forage has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for producing high-energy forage from straw, aiming to improve the nutritional value of forage produced from pure straw.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: The present invention provides a method for producing high-energy forage from straw, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Crush the straw to a length of 35-40 mm, then soak the crushed straw in starch paste until the straw weight increases by 10%-15%.

[0008] Step 2: placing the soaked and weighted straw in a closed environment for steam heating and pressurization, and then performing instant pressure relief and explosion;

[0009] Step 3: soaking the blasted straw in alkali solution;

[0010] Step 4: Transfer the straw after alkali solution soaking treatment into a fermentation tank, inoculate the bacterial flora and then carry out fermentation treatment;

[0011] Step 5: Dry the fermented straw to obtain high-energy forage.

[0012] In the above embodiment, before the straw is subjected to high-pressure steam explosion treatment, it is first soaked in starch paste. After soaking in starch paste, on the one hand, the tubular fiber ends of the straw can be sealed, which plays a certain fiber sealing role. When the straw fiber is depressurized and exploded, the rapid loss of gas inside can be effectively prevented, thereby achieving a better fiber tube explosion effect. The straw fiber after better explosion treatment has a larger specific surface area; on the other hand, the nutritional value of straw is relatively low, most of which is lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. In the subsequent microbial fermentation process, the polysaccharides provided by lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose cannot be well utilized by microorganisms. Therefore, after soaking in starch paste, the polysaccharide content can be increased and the nutritional value can be improved. The cost of starch is low, and it will not have much impact on the cost of forage production.

[0013] In the above embodiment, the specific surface area of ​​the straw after blasting is increased, which is beneficial to the subsequent microbial fermentation treatment. At the same time, after blasting, the anti-nutritional substances on the surface of cellulose and cell walls are better exposed, and alkaline solution soaking can effectively remove the exposed anti-nutritional substances, so that large molecular organic matter such as cellulose and lignin can be completely exposed, which is more conducive to the fermentation and decomposition treatment of microorganisms and improves the nutritional value.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mass concentration of the starch paste is 7%-12%, and the raw starch of the starch paste is potato starch.

[0015] Starch paste is mainly used to seal the openings of the fiber tubes at the cross section of the straw. Therefore, the starch paste needs to have good viscosity. At the same time, in order to avoid poor fluidity and poor wetting effect of the paste when the viscosity is high, the performance is better when the mass concentration of the starch paste is 7%-12%. At the same time, as a preferred option, potato starch is used for better results. Potato starch has more side chains and better sealing effect on the openings of the fiber tube cross section.

[0016] In some embodiments, the mass concentration of the starch paste is 9%-10%.

[0017] In some embodiments, the starch paste further includes soybean oil, and the mass ratio of potato starch to soybean oil is 1:(0.5-1.5).

[0018] In the above embodiment, in order to further improve the basic nutrition and improve the blocking performance of the starch paste, a small amount of soybean oil is added to the starch paste. The addition of soybean oil can appropriately increase the viscosity and tension, so that the blocking effect at the cross section of the fiber tube is stable.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 2, the steam heating temperature is 150-180° C., the pressure is 2.5-3 MPa, and the steam heating and pressurizing treatment time is 60-80 s.

[0020] In some embodiments, the steam heating temperature is 166° C., the pressure is 2.7 MPa, and the steam heating and pressurizing treatment time is 70 s.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step three, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 10%, and the alkali solution soaking time is 1-2 hours.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step 4, the inoculated bacterial flora includes silage lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and pseudomonas, and the inoculation amount of the inoculated bacterial flora is 2%-5% of the weight of the straw.

[0023] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of silage lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Pseudomonas is 4:3:1.

[0024] In some embodiments, the fermentation temperature is 30-40° C., and the fermentation endpoint is reached when the pH of the straw is no higher than 4.0.

[0025] The method for producing high-energy forage from straw of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] The method for producing high-energy forage from straw of the present invention can use straw as the main raw material, improve the nutritional value and palatability of the straw while minimizing the raw material cost, soak the crushed straw in starch paste, so that the crushed straw has a relatively complete surface, thereby improving the explosion effect in the subsequent steam explosion treatment step, and the straw after the explosion treatment has a larger specific surface area, which is beneficial to the subsequent fermentation treatment of microorganisms and improves its own nutritional value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the present invention belong. If the definitions set forth in this section are contrary to or otherwise inconsistent with definitions set forth in the patents, patent applications, published patent applications, and other publications incorporated herein by reference, the definitions listed in this section take precedence over the definitions incorporated herein by reference.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the raw materials used in the following examples were purchased from the market or prepared using existing technologies.

[0030] Preparation Example 1

[0031] Preparation of starch paste:

[0032] Mix 7 parts of potato starch and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0033] Preparation Example 2

[0034] Preparation of starch paste:

[0035] Mix 9 parts of potato starch and 91 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0036] Preparation Example 3

[0037] Preparation of starch paste:

[0038] Mix 10 parts of potato starch and 90 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0039] Preparation Example 4

[0040] Preparation of starch paste:

[0041] Mix 12 parts of potato starch and 88 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0042] Preparation Example 5

[0043] Preparation of starch paste:

[0044] Mix 7 parts of potato starch, 3.5 parts of soybean oil and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0045] Preparation Example 6

[0046] Preparation of starch paste:

[0047] Mix 7 parts of potato starch, 7 parts of soybean oil and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0048] Preparation Example 7

[0049] Preparation of starch paste:

[0050] Mix 7 parts of potato starch, 10.5 parts of soybean oil and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0051] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0052] Preparation of starch paste:

[0053] Mix 7 parts of corn starch and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0054] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0055] Preparation of starch paste:

[0056] Mix 7 parts of glutinous rice starch and 93 parts of water, heat to 85°C, keep warm and stir until the water becomes a transparent paste, stop heating, and cool to 25°C to obtain a starch paste.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Weigh 100 parts by weight of straw and mechanically crush the straw to obtain straw residue with a length of 35 mm to 40 mm. Soak the crushed straw residue in the starch paste prepared in Preparation Example 1. Compress the straw residue appropriately during the soaking process so that the starch paste penetrates the straw residue. Take out the straw residue, drain it, and weigh it until the weight of the straw residue increases by 10%.

[0059] The weighted straw residue is placed in a steam explosion tank, steam heated to 150°C, steam pressure of 2.5MPa, steam heating for 60s, and then instantaneously released pressure to explode, to obtain the exploded straw residue;

[0060] The blasted straw residue was soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1 hour;

[0061] The soaked straw residue is drained and transferred to a fermentation tank, and inoculated with 2% of a bacterial community composed of silage lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and pseudomonas in a mass ratio of 4:3:1. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 30°C, and the fermentation is carried out until the pH value of the straw residue is 4.0. The fermentation is stopped, and the fermented straw residue is air-dried at a temperature of 50°C until it is air-dried to a constant weight to obtain high-energy forage.

[0062] Examples 2-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0063] On the basis of Example 1, keeping other conditions unchanged, the starch paste solutions of the Preparation Example and the Comparative Preparation Example were respectively used. The specific usage of the starch paste solutions is shown in the following table:

[0064]

[0065] The high-energy forage prepared in the above examples and preparation examples was tested, and the following data were obtained:

[0066]

[0067] The above data demonstrate that the forage obtained by treating straw with the high-energy forage production method of the present invention exhibits improved performance indicators. In particular, when an appropriate amount of soybean oil is used to prepare the starch paste, the crude protein content, crude fiber content, mineral vitamin content, and energy content of the resulting high-energy forage are all improved to a certain extent. The data from Comparative Examples 1-2 demonstrate that when potato starch is used as the starch paste, the resulting high-energy forage exhibits improved performance, while the use of linear corn starch and highly branched glutinous rice starch adversely affects the performance of the high-energy forage to a certain extent.

[0068] Examples 8-10, Comparative Examples 3-4

[0069] On the basis of Example 1, other conditions were kept unchanged and the corresponding parameters of steam explosion were changed. The specific differences were as follows:

[0070]

[0071] The high-energy forage prepared in Examples 8-10 and Comparative Examples 3-4 was subjected to performance testing, and the following data were obtained:

[0072]

[0073] From the above data, it can be seen that appropriate steam temperature, pressure and processing time can effectively improve the performance of the obtained forage. When the temperature, pressure and processing time are too high, the corresponding performance cannot be improved. Therefore, a temperature of 150-180°C, a pressure of 2.5-3MPa and a processing time of 60-80s are more suitable.

[0074] Examples 11-13, Comparative Examples 5-6

[0075] On the basis of Example 5, other conditions were kept unchanged and the dosage of the bacterial flora was changed. The specific dosage of the bacterial flora was as follows:

[0076]

[0077] The high-energy forage prepared in Examples 11-13 and Comparative Examples 5-6 was subjected to performance tests, and the following results were obtained:

[0078]

[0079] From the above data, it can be seen that as the inoculation amount of the bacterial community increases, the performance of high-energy forage is improved. However, when it exceeds a certain range, the improvement rate is not large and the energy content decreases. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the optimal inoculation amount of the bacterial species is 2%-5% of the straw weight.

[0080] Comparative Examples 7-10

[0081] On the basis of Example 5, other conditions were kept unchanged and the ratio of the inoculated flora was changed. The specific differences were as follows:

[0082] Grouping Example 5 Comparative Example 7 Comparative Example 8 Comparative Example 9 Comparative Example 10 Silage lactic acid bacteria 4 3 5 6.5 0 Bifidobacterium 3 3 3 0 6 Pseudomonas 1 2 0 1.5 2

[0083] The high-energy forage prepared in Comparative Examples 7-10 was subjected to performance testing, and the following results were obtained:

[0084]

[0085] It can be seen from the above data that when a bacterial flora ratio other than that of the embodiment of the present invention is adopted or one of the bacterial flora is omitted, the comprehensive performance of the high-energy forage is significantly reduced, and the balance of data in all aspects cannot be achieved. When the usage ratio of silage lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and pseudomonas is 4:3:1, the effect is best.

[0086] Comparative Example 11

[0087] On the basis of Example 1, the starch paste soaking process of the straw was omitted, and the other steps remained the same to prepare the high-energy forage grass.

[0088] The high-energy forage prepared in Comparative Example 11 was subjected to performance testing, and the following results were obtained:

[0089]

[0090] The above results show that the nutritional value of the straw forage obtained after conventional steam explosion treatment is relatively low, far inferior to the high-energy forage of the present invention. It is considered that the soaking treatment with starch paste can, on the one hand, promote the effect of steam explosion and improve the crushing and tearing effect of the straw. At the same time, the introduction of starch accelerates the subsequent microbial fermentation process and provides a certain nutritional substrate, which also promotes the improvement of the nutritional value of the forage.

[0091] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-energy forage from straw, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Crush the straw to a length of 35-40 mm, then soak the crushed straw in a starch paste containing potato starch and soybean oil, wherein the mass ratio of potato starch to soybean oil is 1:(0.5-1.5), and soak until the straw gains 10%-15% in weight; Step 2: Place the soaked and weighted straw in a closed environment and steam heat and pressurize it at 150-180°C and 2.5-3MPa for 60-80s, and then perform instant pressure relief and explosion; Step 3: Soak the blasted straw in a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1-2 hours; Step 4: Transfer the straw soaked in alkali solution to a fermentation tank, inoculate silage lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and pseudomonas at a mass ratio of 4:3:1, and the inoculation amount is 2%-5% of the weight of the straw, and then ferment at 30-40°C until the pH is ≤4.0; Step 5: Dry the fermented straw to obtain high-energy forage.

2. The method for producing high-energy forage from straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the starch paste is 7%-12%.

3. The method for producing high-energy forage from straw according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the starch paste is 9%-10%.

Images