A method for preserving tussah cocoon of one-time autumn release of tussah silkworm after regional continuous rearing of bivoltine silkworm

Abstract

The application discloses a silkworm cocoon preservation method for one-time autumn release of tussah silkworm in a region of bivoltine silkworm, which comprises the following processes: after tussah cocoon picking in autumn, the tussah cocoon is placed on an indoor cocoon bed, the indoor temperature is increased to 16±1 DEG C, and is maintained for 10-15 days; natural light is used for illumination for 8 hours per day; then, dark treatment is carried out, ventilation and moisture removal are performed, pupation is performed, and pupa stomach shaping is performed; then, the tussah cocoon is placed in an environment with a temperature of 15±2 DEG C and a relative humidity of 30%-50%, diapause is performed for 60-90 days, illumination is performed for 8 hours per day, dark treatment is performed for 16 hours per day, and the illumination intensity is 150 lux; then, cocoon preservation, cocoon warming, eclosion adjustment, moth catching, moth airing, mating, egg production, mirror inspection, egg preservation, egg surface disinfection, mountain climbing and ant catching are performed; and the tussah silkworm is released by using a three-moving method and is evenly distributed, and tussah cocoon picking is performed. The application breaks the limitation of tussah silkworm in a bivoltine region, the tussah silkworm is not released in spring in a bivoltine region, and the tussah silkworm is released only once in autumn every year, so that the influence of high temperature, dry weather in spring, tussah silkworm diseases and insect pests and drug damage on the tussah silkworm is reduced, the annual yield of tussah cocoon is increased by more than 30%, the total cocoon weight is high, and the cocoon quality release result is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a method for preserving tussah cocoon of once autumn releasing of tussah in the region of bivoltine silkworm which can be successively bred, and belongs to the technical field of tussah cultivation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tussah industry has a development history of more than 2,000 years in China, and is a traditional industry in China. Tussah in China accounts for 90% of the world, and is the main producing country in the world. More than 100 tussah varieties have been bred, and tussah germplasm resources provide a basis for new variety creation. Jilin Province is the main tussah seed source in China, and 90% of tussah parent and original seeds in China are produced in Jilin Province. Jilin Province has unique geography, climate and oak resources, and is the best breeding and propagation base for tussah.

[0003] Due to the fact that tussah is raised in the wild and is greatly affected by natural environmental conditions, and combined with tussah diseases, the development of high yield and stable yield of tussah production in China is restricted. In recent years, the weather such as high temperature and drought in spring increases, tussah and oak diseases break out (such as four-star burying beetle, tussah parasitic fly and oak pest jumping elephant beetle which broke out since 2019), and the tussah loss reaches more than 50% or even absolute yield in the corn field and pine forest around the silkworm field which is sprayed with pesticides in spring. The yield and quality of spring silkworm are far lower than those of autumn silkworm. Therefore, it is urgent to prolong the diapause period of tussah through a suitable tussah cocoon preservation method. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a method for preserving tussah cocoon of once autumn releasing of tussah in the region of bivoltine silkworm which can be successively bred, and creates a method for releasing tussah in autumn once, avoids the influence of spring tussah diseases and pesticide poisoning on tussah, provides time and space for preventing and treating oak diseases, and improves the yield and cocoon quality of tussah.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

[0006] A method for preserving tussah cocoon of once autumn releasing of tussah in the region of bivoltine silkworm which can be successively bred, comprising the following processes:

[0007] 1) After the cocoon is picked in autumn, it is placed on the cocoon bed in the room, and the room is warmed to 16±1 DEG C, and maintained for 10-15 days, the light is 8h natural light per day, and then dark treatment, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out, so that the pupa is formed, and the pupa stomach is shaped (around October 8);

[0008] 2) The qualified tussah cocoon obtained in step 1) is placed in an environment with a temperature of 15±2 DEG C and a relative humidity of 30%-50%, and diapause for 60-90 days, 8h light per day, 16h darkness, light intensity is 150 lux, and diapause is maintained until around December 24;

[0009] 3) Put the obtained tussah cocoon in step 2) into a full dark storage room with a temperature of 0-5℃ and a relative humidity of 60%-80%, increase the oxygen in the room, and take out the cocoon on June 15 to June 22 of the next year, warm the cocoon, adjust the emergence, catch the moth, air the moth, mate, lay eggs, examine the eggs under a microscope, preserve the eggs, and disinfect the egg surface;

[0010] 4) Put the obtained tussah eggs in step 3) on the mountain to collect ants (from July 13 to July 22), and evenly raise and feed the ants, and pick the cocoon.

[0011] In step 1), the indoor natural humidity can be used without special treatment.

[0012] From the early November to the early December, the natural temperature of the cocoon storage room in Jilin Province has decreased to 5-10℃, and most of the tussah pupae have been released from diapause. The tussah pupae released from diapause start to develop after contacting the effective temperature. Due to the development of the pupae, the metabolic intensity in the pupae increases, and the nutrients are consumed, which leads to the weakening of the body of the pupae, and further affects the emergence and vitality of the moth, and finally affects the development of the eggs and the body of the larvae. The inventors found that the temperature is kept above 12℃ from the picking of the cocoon to around December 24, so that the cocoon is kept in diapause, and the consumption of nutrients in the pupae and the influence of cold storage on the emergence and vitality of the moth are reduced.

[0013] The application breaks the regional restriction of the bivoltine tussah moth. The bivoltine tussah moth is raised in the bivoltine area, and is raised only once in the autumn, which reduces the influence of the high temperature, dry weather in spring, and the disease and pesticide of the tussah moth on the tussah moth. The yield per unit area of the autumn cocoon is higher than that of the spring cocoon. If all the existing spring cocoon fields are used to raise the autumn cocoon, the annual yield of the tussah cocoon will increase by more than 30%. Compared with the bivoltine autumn cocoon, the total cocoon weight of the tussah cocoon raised once in the autumn is higher, which provides a method for breeding large cocoon tussah moth varieties, and further improves the yield and cocoon quality of the tussah moth.

[0014] In the bivoltine area, the bivoltine tussah moth is mainly raised; a small amount of spring one generation variety (the average temperature in spring is low, and compared with the bivoltine autumn cocoon, the total cocoon weight is small, and the thousand cocoon weight is low); a small part of bivoltine one egg, but usually not successive generation (the superior moth rate, practical hatching rate, etc. are low, and large cocoon treatment is done). The application is raised once in the autumn in the bivoltine area, and can be raised successively, so that the total cocoon weight is higher, and the emergence of the moth is less on the mountain and in the cocoon storage period.

[0015] From the cocoon is taken down from the mountain to December 24 (into the low-temperature cocoon storage room), the cocoon does not experience low temperature (below 10℃, the cocoon is kept in diapause by the tussah cocoon storage method). Compared with the bivoltine one, the superior moth rate, practical hatching rate, egg laying number, and diapause rate are higher, and the cocoon quality is improved.

[0016] In order to prevent heat injury and low-temperature cold injury, in step 1), the thickness of the cocoon bed is 10-20 cm.

[0017] In the step 3), the temperature in the seed bank is 3-4℃ before March, 2-3℃ in April, and 1-2℃ from May to June.

[0018] In the step 3), the warm cocoon is hung in the cocoon rearing room under the condition of air circulation, temperature of 22-28℃, relative humidity of 75-85%, and natural light. The emergence adjustment is to ventilate and reduce the temperature (to about 14℃, not less than 12℃) after 20-22 hours of the warm cocoon, and to close the door and window and increase the temperature to 22-24℃ at 2-3 o'clock the next day. The emergence of male and female moths is on the emergence rack in the emergence room, and the temperature is 20-24℃. The male moths are about 15-20% more than the female moths. The oviposition is under the condition of relative humidity of 75%, air circulation, and no light, and the temperature is 24-26℃, and the oviposition time is 24 hours. The microscopic examination is to eliminate the micro-particle moths by single moth puncture or group grinding. The egg preservation is to preserve the eggs at a temperature of 3-5℃ and relative humidity of 65-70% for 72 hours after oviposition. The egg surface disinfection is to use a mixed solution of formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, and water with a volume ratio of 1:1:10 for comprehensive disinfection 1-2 days before the emergence of silkworms.

[0019] In the step 4), the three-movement method is to move out the silkworms in the rearing room after the second sleep, to move into the shearing room after the third sleep, and to move into the cocoon room after the old sleep.

[0020] In the step 4), the uniform rearing is to leave the big silkworms by leaving the small silkworms, to leave the strong silkworms by leaving the weak silkworms, and to eliminate the sick and weak silkworms. The uniform rearing is not suitable when the wind is strong, it rains, or the leaf dew is large, and the silkworms cannot hold the leaves and will fall to the ground. The uniform rearing is to remove the protective leaves (to remove the leaves wrapped outside the cocoon), to prevent injury, to keep the cocoon clothes complete, and to remove the rotten cocoon.

[0021] The big silkworms refer to the silkworms with a size not less than the average value, and the weak silkworms refer to the silkworms with a weak body type, incomplete leaf eating (to leave the secondary leaf veins or even half of the leaf in addition to the main leaf veins), or no movement in the early stage of disease.

[0022] The application is suitable for various tussah silkworm varieties, and the preferred tussah silkworm varieties are Xiangda No. 4, Jiqing, C64, Huangbai, Jihuang No. 2, Jihuang No. 1, Jiqiao 889, or Jikang 109.

[0023] The technologies not mentioned in the application refer to the prior art.

[0024] The silkworm cocoon preservation method of the tussah silkworm of the bivoltine silkworm area can be inherited and the tussah silkworm is released once in autumn, breaks the method of limiting the release once in autumn in the bivoltine tussah silkworm area, and greatly improves the yield and quality of the tussah silkworm; the application of the bivoltine silkworm area annual autumn release once tussah silkworm innovative research, adapts to the development demand of the tussah silkworm advantage characteristic resource industry of the province, and is crucial for improving the income of the majority of silkworm people, if the existing spring silkworm field is used for releasing the autumn silkworm, the yield of the tussah silkworm cocoon will increase by more than 30%, which provides strong support for the sustainable development of the tussah silkworm industry, provides strong guarantee for the increase of the farmers' income, realizes the synchronous growth of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit, and opens up a broader development space for the tussah silkworm industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is the physical map of the cocoon placed on the indoor cocoon bed in step 1);

[0026] Figure 2 It is the tussah silkworm cocoon kept in diapause in step 2);

[0027] Figure 3 It is the physical map of the cocoon preservation stage in the seed preservation library in step 3);

[0028] Figure 4 It is the physical map of the cocoon warming and moth emergence in step 3);

[0029] Figure 5 It is the physical map of the up-mountain release in step 4); DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to better understand the present application, the content of the present application will be further illustrated below in combination with examples, but the content of the present application is not limited to the following examples only.

[0031] Test site: Dabaigou base in Kouqian Town, Yongji County, Jilin City, Jilin Province;

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A bivoltine silkworm area can be inherited tussah silkworm autumn release once tussah silkworm cocoon preservation method, including the following processes:

[0034] After the cocoon picking on September 26, 2021, the cocoon was placed on the indoor cocoon bed with a thickness of 15 cm, and the indoor temperature was warmed to 16±1℃, maintained for 12 days to October 8, the light was 8h natural light per day, then dark treatment, ventilation and dehumidification, so as to pupate, pupa stomach was shaped; The qualified cocoon was placed in an environment with a temperature of 15±2℃ and a relative humidity of 30%-50%, and kept diapause to December 20, during which the light intensity was 150 lux, and the light intensity was 150 lux. After that, it was put into a seed storage library with a temperature of 0-5℃ (3 months before temperature 3-4℃, 4 months before temperature 2-3℃, 5-6 months before temperature 1-2℃), relative humidity 60%-80%, complete darkness, increase oxygen in the library (oxygen content 20.9%), record temperature and humidity, and prevent mouse damage, oxygen deficiency, etc., to the next year June 19, cocooning (in the condition of air circulation, relative humidity 75%-85%, natural light, when the daytime natural temperature is lower than 22℃, supplement to 24-26℃, higher than 28℃, block the door and window in the daytime, ventilate or take measures to reduce the temperature to 24℃ at night, keep 22-24℃, wear cocoon and hang in the cocoon room, select 10%-15% male cocoon to control the low temperature, and feel the temperature for 2-3 days in the evening), eclosion adjustment (ventilate and cool after 22 o'clock, close the door and window the next day 2-3 o'clock, and warm up to 24℃), catch moth, dry moth (separate male and female moths, eliminate inferior moths, dry female moths on the drying rack in the drying room, and dry male moths in the basket), mating (temperature 20-24℃, male moths are about 15%-20% more than female moths), oviposition (temperature 24-26℃, relative humidity 75%, air circulation, no light), microscope examination (puncture moth microscope examination, strictly eliminate micro particle moths, disease, dead moth eggs, and remove moth eggs with less oviposition, uneven size and color), egg preservation (72 hours after oviposition, temperature 3-5℃, relative humidity 65%-70%), egg surface disinfection (1 day before the silkworms are released, use a mixed solution of formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and water with a volume ratio of 1:1:10 for comprehensive disinfection). Tussah moth eggs were collected (on July 19, the tree was loosened in time to prevent the moths from being injured and the leaves from being warmed), tussah moth diseases, pests and bird damage were prevented, and the silkworms were moved in time (the small silkworms were moved out and the large silkworms were left, the weak silkworms were moved out and the strong silkworms were left, the silkworms were not moved out in windy, rainy or dewy conditions; cocoon picking (removing protective leaves, preventing injury, complete cocoon, and removing oil rotten cocoon).

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] Compared with Example 1, the step of "placing the qualified cocoon in an environment with a temperature of 15±2℃ and a relative humidity of 30%-50%, and keeping diapause to December 20, during which the light intensity was 150 lux, and the light intensity was 150 lux" was omitted, and after pupa stomach shaping, it was directly put into the seed storage library, and the rest of the operations were the same as Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3

[0038] Compared with Example 1, the step of "placing qualified cocoon at temperature of 15±2℃ and relative humidity of 30%-50%, keeping diapause until December 20, with 8h light and 16h darkness every day, repeating the cycle, light intensity of 150 lux" was omitted, and after pupa stomach shaping, the pupae were directly put into the cocoon storage room, oxygen in the room was increased (to 20.9% oxygen content), temperature and humidity were recorded, and measures were taken to prevent mouse damage, oxygen deficiency, etc., until the next March 5, the pupae were taken out, the cocoon was warmed (under the condition of air circulation, relative humidity of 75%-85%, natural light, temperature was increased by 1-2℃ per day from 10℃, to constant temperature of 18-20℃, cocoon was dressed and hung in the cocoon storage room, 10%-15% male cocoon was selected and controlled at low temperature, and the cocoon was warmed for 2-3 days in the evening, until the moth emerged), the emergence was adjusted (after 19:00, the temperature was decreased to 13-15℃ by ventilation, and the next day the temperature was increased to 18-20℃ at 2-3:00), the moths were caught and aired (male and female moths were separated, inferior moths were eliminated, female moths were aired on the airing rack in the airing room, and male moths were aired in the basket), mating (temperature of 18-20℃, male moths were about 15%-20% more than female moths), oviposition (temperature of 22-24℃, oviposition was carried out under the condition of relative humidity of 75%, air circulation and no light, for 24 hours), microscope examination (puncture moth microscope examination, strict elimination of micro-particle moths, disease, dead moth eggs, and moths with uneven size and color), egg preservation (72 hours after oviposition, temperature of 3-5℃, relative humidity of 65%-70%), egg surface disinfection (alkali and acid liquid were used for one-time complex disinfection one day before green induction, and a mixed solution of formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and water (volume ratio of 1:1:10) was used for comprehensive disinfection one day before emergence of silkworms). After indoor emergence of the oak silkworm eggs, the silkworms were collected on the mountain (from April 30 to May 4, the tree was loosened in time to prevent silkworms from being crushed and leaves from being heated), silkworm diseases, pests and bird damage were prevented, and the silkworms were moved in time (the small silkworms were moved out and the large silkworms were left, the weak silkworms were moved out and the strong silkworms were left, the silkworms were not moved out in windy, rainy or dewy conditions; cocoon picking (clean leaves were removed, cocoon damage was prevented, cocoon clothes were complete, and rotten cocoon was removed).

[0039] Table 1

[0040]

[0041]

Claims

1. A method for preserving cocoons of bimorphic tussah silkworms that are released once in autumn in a silkworm-producing area, characterized by: Includes the following steps: 1) After harvesting the cocoons in autumn, place them on an indoor cocoon bed and heat the room to 16±1℃ for 10-15 days. Provide natural light for 8 hours a day, then keep them in darkness, ventilate and dehumidify to allow them to pupate and their pupal stomachs to take shape. 2) Place the qualified tussah silkworm cocoons obtained in step 1) in an environment with a temperature of 15±2℃ and a relative humidity of 30%-50% for diapause for 60-90 days, with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness per day, and a light intensity of 150 lux. 3) Place the tussah silkworm cocoons obtained in step 2) into a completely dark preservation cellar with a temperature of 0-5℃ and a relative humidity of 60%-80% to increase the oxygen in the cellar. Remove the cocoons from the cellar between June 15 and June 22 of the following year, warm the cocoons, regulate the emergence of the young, catch and dry the moths, mate, lay eggs, examine under a microscope, preserve the eggs, and disinfect the egg surface. 4) Collect the tussah silkworm eggs obtained in step 3) on the mountain, use the three-transfer method to raise them, distribute the silkworms evenly, and harvest the cocoons; In step 3), the temperature in the seed preservation bank is 3-4℃ before March, 2-3℃ in April, and 1-2℃ from May to June.

2. The method for preserving cocoons of bipolar silkworms that are released once in autumn in a silkworm-producing area as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the thickness of the cocoon bed is 10cm to 20cm.

3. The method for preserving cocoons of tussah silkworms that are released once in autumn in biphasic silkworm rearing areas as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 4), the three-transfer method of ant release is as follows: after the second molt, all ants are moved out of the ant collection area; after the third molt, all ants are moved into the ant return area; and after the old molt, all ants are moved into the cocooning area.

4. The method for preserving cocoons of tussah silkworms that are released once in autumn in biphasic silkworm-producing areas as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 4), the silkworms are evenly distributed by removing smaller silkworms and keeping larger ones, and by removing weaker silkworms and keeping stronger ones. When picking cocoons, the protective leaves are removed to prevent injury from falling, the cocoon shell is kept intact, and oily or rotten cocoons are discarded.

5. The method for preserving cocoons of tussah silkworms that are released once in autumn in biphasic silkworm-producing areas as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tussah silkworm varieties are Xuanda No. 4, Jiqing, C64, Huangbai, Jihuang No. 2, Jihuang Yihua, Jizuo 889 or Jikang 109.

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