A microbial fertilizer for barren rice fields, its application and method for improving barren rice fields

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and specifically relates to a microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields, its application, and a method for improving infertile paddy fields. The microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention, by mass fraction, comprises 83 to 90 parts of mushroom residues and 10 to 17 parts of biological bacterial agents; the biological bacterial agents comprise at least two of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the viable bacteria count in the microbial fertilizer is 2×109 cfu / g to 6×109 cfu / g. The present invention expands the types of microbial strains. Taking nitrogen-fixing bacteria as one of the components and matching with other strains, it can specifically improve the soil of representative medium- and low-yield paddy fields such as infertile medium- and low-yield paddy fields, promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the rice yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields, its application, and a method for improving infertile paddy fields. Background Art

[0002] Infertile paddy fields refer to paddy fields with poor soil fertility, where plants can utilize less available nutrients, cannot absorb more insoluble nutrients, and the nutrients are only concentrated in the soil surface layer. The plough layer is shallow, the soil has strong sandiness, and plant roots cannot obtain nutrients from the deep layer. The main reasons for the poor soil fertility of paddy fields include: (1) Soil parent material: Paddy soils developed from Quaternary red soil and granite have poor soil structure and strong sandiness. Coupled with the influence of climatic factors such as high temperature and high humidity, the soil nutrient content is low and difficult to retain; (2) Less rice straw returned to the field: With the full promotion and popularization of agricultural machinery in China, modern agriculture has replaced traditional agricultural means such as oxen and rice straw retting. When the rice straw remains in the field, it cannot rot quickly during the rush planting and harvesting periods, and it is extremely easy to get stuck in the tiller during ploughing by the tillage machine, affecting the ploughing speed. Therefore, many growers choose to burn the rice straw for convenience instead of crushing it and returning it to the field; (3) Less input of organic fertilizers and increasing application of chemical fertilizers every year: Due to the output of labor, the basic management of cultivated land is by the elderly or women. In recent years, the planting and breeding industries have decreased year by year. Because the physical labor ability of the elderly and women is relatively weak, even if there is manure from pig and cattle pens, it is difficult to carry. Hiring workers for application increases the input cost, so they are more willing to choose chemical fertilizers for convenience. At the same time, the application of chemical fertilizers is not standardized. In order to ensure and increase the yield of paddy fields, the amount of chemical fertilizers is usually increased to achieve the purpose of increasing the yield; (4) Abuse of chemical herbicides: For the convenience of agricultural machinery operation, general growers spray glyphosate for weed control about 20 days before planting, which directly destroys the living environment of soil microorganisms and leads to poor soil aggregate structure; (5) Planting high-yield varieties: With the full liberalization of the seed market, high-yield, high-quality, and disease-resistant varieties are continuously introduced. High water and fertilizer inputs are required to achieve high yield and quality. The excessive input of chemical fertilizers has made the cultivated land more barren and acidified. With the changes in agricultural production methods and fertilizer input management, more and more cultivated land and soil quality have become infertile and the soil structure has deteriorated. Currently, the area of medium and low-yield fields with obstacles such as infertility and acidification in China accounts for about 50% of the total cultivated land area in the country. Therefore, the importance and urgency of soil improvement are self-evident.

[0003] Bio-bacterial fertilizer is a kind of biological preparation or fertilizer product that is applied to the plant or soil environment, contains biological activity, has a fertilizer effect, or is applied in a fertilizer method, and takes microbial active organisms or their metabolites as the main acting factors. However, the existing formula design of bacterial fertilizers mostly targets the growth of agricultural crops, and the contained strains are relatively single and similar, generally being Bacillus, Pseudomonas, or Azotobacter chroococcum, etc. For example, the Chinese patent application with the application number 201410837021.9 discloses a compound microbial bacterial fertilizer and its application. The strain formula of this bacterial fertilizer is Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas, and Azotobacter chroococcum, and the application object is the soil of farmland vegetable fields, which can promote the growth of leafy vegetables. The environmental conditions required for the use of existing bacterial fertilizers are also relatively superior, generally being a farmland environment with relatively good temperature and humidity. Although such bacterial fertilizer products are suitable for the construction of plant growth-promoting rhizosphere microflora in the farmland environment soil, it is difficult to apply them to improve infertile paddy fields. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new bacterial fertilizer formula suitable for infertile paddy fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology, and provide a microbial bacterial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields, its application, and a method for improving infertile paddy fields, so as to promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the rice yield.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a microbial bacterial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields. Calculated by mass fraction, the microbial bacterial fertilizer includes 83 - 90 parts of mushroom residue and 10 - 17 parts of biological bacterial agent;

[0006] The biological bacterial agent includes at least two of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;

[0007] The viable count of the microbial bacterial fertilizer is 2 billion · g -1 ~6 billion · g -1 .

[0008] Preferably, when the biological bacterial agent includes Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus mucilaginosus, the viable count ratio of Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus mucilaginosus in the microbial bacterial fertilizer is 10:10;

[0009] When the biological bacterial agent includes Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the viable count ratio of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial bacterial fertilizer is 10:47.5:2.5;

[0010] When the biological bacterial agent includes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, the viable count ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial bacterial fertilizer is 47.5:2.5.

[0011] The present invention also provides the application of the microbial fertilizer described in the above technical solution in improving infertile paddy fields.

[0012] Preferably, the improvement of the infertile paddy field includes one or more of promoting the activation of soil nutrients in the infertile paddy field, reducing pests and diseases, and increasing the rice yield.

[0013] Preferably, the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the infertile paddy field are as follows:

[0014] pH 5.1 - 5.7, organic matter 7.38 - 9.35 g·kg -1 , cation exchange capacity 8.9 - 18.5 cmol·kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.597 - 0.822 g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.377 - 0.607 g·kg -1 , total potassium 13.21 - 16.52 g·kg -1 , alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 47 - 79 mg·kg -1 , available phosphorus 0.3 - 1.3 mg·kg -1 , available potassium 67 - 239 mg·kg -1 .

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for improving infertile paddy fields, which includes the following steps:

[0016] Apply chemical fertilizers and the microbial fertilizer described in the above technical solution to the infertile paddy field to be improved.

[0017] Preferably, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 20 - 24 kg·mu -1 ;

[0018] The chemical fertilizers include urea, superphosphate and potassium oxide;

[0019] The urea is calculated by N, and the application amount is 12 kg·mu -1 ;

[0020] The superphosphate is calculated by P 2 O 5 and the application amount is 6 kg·mu -1 ;

[0021] The potassium oxide is calculated by K 2 O, and the application amount is 10 kg·mu -1 .

[0022] Preferably, 80 wt.% of N, 100 wt.% of P 2 O 5 and 80 wt.% of K 2 O are applied as basal fertilizers;

[0023] 20 wt.% of N and 20 wt.% of K 2 O is applied as topdressing.

[0024] Preferably, the microbial fertilizer is applied 2 days after applying the base fertilizer, and the topdressing is applied during the tillering stage of rice.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention provides a microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields. By mass, the microbial fertilizer comprises 83 - 90 parts of mushroom residue and 10 - 17 parts of biological bacteria agent; the biological bacteria agent comprises at least two of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the viable bacteria count in the microbial fertilizer is 2 billion - 6 billion per gram. -1 ~6 billion per gram -1 In the present invention, the types of microbial strains in the biological bacteria agent are expanded. Taking the nitrogen-fixing bacteria as one of the components and matching with other strains, it can specifically improve the soil of representative medium- and low-yield paddy fields with infertile soil, promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the rice yield.

[0027] When applying the present invention, the microbial fertilizer is applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. Pay attention to the activation effect of available soil nutrients during the key growth periods of rice such as the tillering stage, filling stage and harvesting stage after the combined application of the microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizers, as well as the change and improvement effects on the rice biomass and yield, and determine a method for specifically improving infertile paddy fields, which can further promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the rice yield. Description of the drawings

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 It is the detection result of soil pH at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments;

[0030] Figure 2 It is the detection result of soil available nitrogen content at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments; among them, different lowercase letters indicate that the differences between treatments reach a significant level, P < 0.05;

[0031] Figure 3 It is the detection result of soil available phosphorus content at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments; among them, different lowercase letters indicate that the differences between treatments reach a significant level, P < 0.05;

[0032] Figure 4Detection results of soil inorganic nitrogen content at each stage of pot experiment under different treatments; among them, different lowercase letters indicate that the differences between treatments reach a significant level, P<0.05;

[0033] Figure 5 Detection results of soil acid phosphatase content at each stage of pot experiment under different treatments; among them, different lowercase letters indicate that the differences between treatments reach a significant level, P<0.05. Detailed implementation mode

[0034] The present invention provides a microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields. By mass, the microbial fertilizer comprises 83-90 parts of mushroom residues and 10-17 parts of biological bacterial agents;

[0035] The biological bacterial agents include at least two of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;

[0036] The viable bacteria count in the microbial fertilizer is 2 billion·g -1 ~6 billion·g -1 .

[0037] In the present invention, by mass, the microbial fertilizer comprises 83-90 parts of mushroom residues, preferably 83-88 parts, and more preferably 83 parts. The mushroom residues in the present invention are preferably purchased from Shandong Hengxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] In the present invention, based on the mass of the mushroom residues, the microbial fertilizer comprises 10-17 parts of biological bacterial agents, preferably 12-17 parts, and more preferably 17 parts.

[0039] In the present invention, the total mass of the mushroom residues and the biological bacterial agents is preferably 100 parts.

[0040] In the present invention, the viable bacteria count in the microbial fertilizer is 2 billion·g -1 ~6 billion·g -1 , preferably 3 billion·g -1 ~6 billion·g -1 , more preferably 5 billion·g -1 ~6 billion·g -1 , even more preferably 6 billion·g -1 .

[0041] In the present invention, the microbial inoculum comprises at least two of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preferably Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus mucilaginosus, or preferably Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or preferably Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. The Azotobacter chroococcum in the present invention is preferably purchased from Nanjing Sairte Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the present invention are preferably purchased from Shandong Yizhonghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The Bacillus mucilaginosus in the present invention is preferably purchased from Beihai Qiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0042] In the present invention, when the microbial inoculum comprises Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus mucilaginosus, the viable count ratio of Azotobacter chroococcum to Bacillus mucilaginosus in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 10:10; the viable count of Azotobacter chroococcum in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 1 billion·g -1 ; the viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 1 billion·g -1 。

[0043] In the present invention, when the microbial inoculum comprises Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the viable count ratio of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 10:47.5:2.5; the viable count of Azotobacter chroococcum in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 1 billion·g -1 ; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 4.75 billion·g -1 ; the viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 0.25 billion·g -1 。

[0044] In the present invention, when the microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, the viable count ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 47.5:2.5; the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 4.75 billion·g -1 ; the viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the microbial fertilizer is preferably 0.25 billion·g -1 。

[0045] The present invention expands the types of composite microbial strains. It not only focuses on phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria but also takes nitrogen-fixing bacteria into account. By combining multiple strains for use, it can specifically improve the soil of representative medium- and low-yield fields such as thin and infertile medium- and low-yield paddy fields, promote the activation of soil nutrients in thin paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase rice yield.

[0046] The present invention also provides the application of the microbial fertilizer described in the above technical solution in improving infertile paddy fields. In the present invention, the improvement of infertile paddy fields includes one or more of promoting the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reducing pests and diseases, and increasing rice yield, and is further preferably promoting the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reducing pests and diseases, and increasing rice yield.

[0047] In the present invention, the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the 0-20 cm soil layer of the infertile paddy field are preferably:

[0048] pH 5.1 - 5.7, organic matter 7.38 - 9.35 g·kg -1 , cation exchange capacity 8.9 - 18.5 cmol·kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.597 - 0.822 g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.377 - 0.607 g·kg -1 , total potassium 13.21 - 16.52 g·kg -1 , available nitrogen 47 - 79 mg·kg -1 , available phosphorus 0.3 - 1.3 mg·kg -1 , available potassium 67 - 239 mg·kg -1 . The soil type of the infertile paddy field described in the present invention is preferably paddy soil developed from Quaternary red soil.

[0049] The present invention also provides a method for improving infertile paddy fields, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Applying chemical fertilizers and the microbial fertilizer described in the above technical solution to the infertile paddy field to be improved.

[0051] In the present invention, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is preferably 20 - 24 kg·mu -1 , and further preferably 20 kg·mu -1 .

[0052] In the present invention, the chemical fertilizers preferably include urea, superphosphate, and potassium oxide; the urea is calculated as N, and the application amount is preferably 12 kg·mu -1 ; the superphosphate is calculated as P 2 O 5 , and the application amount is preferably 6 kg·mu -1 ; the potassium oxide is calculated as K 2 O, and the application amount is preferably 10 kg·mu -1 . 80 wt.% of N, 100 wt.% of P 2 O 5 and 80 wt.% of K 2 O in the chemical fertilizers described in the present invention are preferably applied as base fertilizers; the topdressing preferably applies 20 wt.% of N and 20 wt.% of K in the chemical fertilizers2 O is preferably applied as topdressing.

[0053] In the present invention, the microbial fertilizer is preferably applied 2 days after applying the base fertilizer, and the topdressing is applied during the tillering stage of rice.

[0054] When applying in the present invention, the microbial fertilizer is applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. Attention is paid to the activation effect of soil available nutrients during the key growth periods of rice such as the tillering stage, filling stage, and harvesting stage after the combined application of the microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizers, as well as the change and improvement effects on rice biomass and yield, so as to determine a method for specifically improving infertile paddy fields, which can further promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases, and increase rice yield; and the present invention limits the application amounts of the microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizers, which can reduce costs while improving the improvement effect.

[0055] To further illustrate the present invention, a microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields, its application, and a method for improving infertile paddy fields provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields is composed of the following components by mass fraction:

[0058] 5 parts of Azotobacter chroococcum powder, 5 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 90 parts of mushroom residue;

[0059] In the microbial fertilizer, the viable count of Azotobacter chroococcum is 1 billion·g -1 , and the viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus is 1 billion·g -1 .

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields is composed of the following components by mass fraction:

[0062] 5 parts of Azotobacter chroococcum powder, 7 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, 83 parts of mushroom residue;

[0063] In the microbial fertilizer, the viable count of Azotobacter chroococcum is 1 billion·g -1 , the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 4.75 billion·g -1 , and the viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 0.25 billion·g -1 .

[0064] Example 3

[0065] A microbial fertilizer for infertile paddy fields is composed of the following components by mass fraction:

[0066] 7 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, and 88 parts of mushroom residue;

[0067] In the microbial bacterial fertilizer, the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 4.75 billion · g -1 , and the viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 0.25 billion · g -1 .

[0068] Application Example 1

[0069] 1. Soil sample

[0070] Collect soil samples from the experimental station in Yueyang, Hunan, and analyze their basic physical and chemical properties and soil structure.

[0071] This area is located at 28°57′N, 112°44′E, with an altitude of 40 m. It belongs to the East Asian monsoon climate region, with an average annual precipitation of 1304.4 - 1582.5 mm, an average annual temperature between 16.8 - 17.5 °C, an average annual sunshine duration of 1562.6 - 1690.6 h, and the soil type is paddy soil developed from Quaternary red soil.

[0072] Select the basic physical and chemical properties of the 0 - 20 cm soil layer in the research area as follows: pH 5.7; organic matter 8.46 g·kg -1 , cation exchange capacity 18.5 cmol·kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.597 g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.449 g·kg -1 , total potassium 16.52 g·kg -1 , alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 50 mg·kg -1 , available phosphorus 0.3 mg·kg -1 , available potassium 239 mg·kg -1 , with the characteristics of thin, infertile, and acidic low - and medium - yield paddy fields.

[0073] Collect the soil, air - dry it naturally, grind it, and sieve it through a 1 - mm sieve for later use.

[0074] 2. Rice variety: Shengtaiyou 018.

[0075] 3. Pot experiment design

[0076] Select non - porous round - bottom flowerpots for the pot experiment. Before transplantation, weigh 10.0 kg of the air - dried soil sample sieved through a 1 - mm sieve in step 1 into the flowerpots, apply the base fertilizer, add deionized water until the soil layer is submerged by 2 - 3 cm, then add the corresponding bacterial fertilizer every other day. After flooding for two days, transplant the cultivated rice seedlings into the flowerpots, with 3 seedlings of the same growth vigor transplanted into each flowerpot. The temperature conditions of the pot experiment are consistent with the local climate. During the period, regularly water the rice pots to keep the liquid level on the soil surface at 2 - 3 cm.

[0077] The rice seeds used for potted plants are soaked and disinfected in 5% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes. After the seeds are washed with deionized water, they are grown in rice seedling trays. The outer diameter of the seedling tray is 60cm long, 30cm wide, the inner diameter is 58cm long, 28cm wide, and 3.0cm deep. Each tray is filled with a 2.5cm thick seedling matrix, and the upper plane is 2-5mm lower than the tray surface; the disinfected rice seeds are spread flat on the surface of the matrix, and water is poured to make the seedling matrix in the tray completely moist, with a slight water seepage at the bottom of the tray, and then the soil is covered with a thickness of 0.5cm to cover the seeds tightly. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse below 32°C, the optimum temperature is 25°C-28°C, and cultivate for 3 weeks and replenish water in time;

[0078] The pot experiment was randomly divided into experimental groups 1 to 3 and a blank control group. Each experimental group was randomly divided into 5 sub-treatment groups. Urea was used as nitrogen fertilizer in both the experimental and control groups, and superphosphate and potassium oxide were used as phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer and 100% of phosphorus fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer was applied as topdressing during the tillering period. The soil in the experimental and control groups was kept in a flooded state during the rice growing season, and 3 replicates were set for each treatment. The fertilization conditions of each treatment group are as follows:

[0079] Blank control group (CK): basal fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, rice was transplanted on July 18, and topdressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of basal fertilizer and topdressing was N12 kg / mu. -1 , P 2 O 5 6 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer is applied as topdressing;

[0080] Experimental group 1-1st sub-treatment group (denoted as CM): basal fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and 20 kg / mu was applied on July 16. -1 The microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was applied at an application rate of N12 kg / mu. Rice was transplanted on July 18 and topdressed on August 13 (tillering stage). -1 , P 2 O 5 6 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer is applied as topdressing;

[0081] Experimental Group 1-Sub-treatment Group 2 (denoted as CM-15N): Base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and 20 kg / mu was applied on July 16. -1 The microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was applied at an application rate of N10.2 kg / mu. Rice was transplanted on July 18 and topdressed on August 13 (tillering stage). -1 , P 2 O 5 6kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer is applied as topdressing;

[0082] Experimental Group 1-3rd Sub-treatment Group (denoted as CM-15NP): Base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and 20 kg / mu was applied on July 16. -1 The microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was applied at an application rate of N10.2 kg / mu. Rice was transplanted on July 18 and topdressed on August 13 (tillering stage). -1 , P 2 O 5 5.1kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer is applied as topdressing;

[0083] Experimental Group 1-4th Sub-treatment Group (recorded as 1.2CM): Base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and 24 kg / mu was applied on July 16. -1 The microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was applied at an application rate of N12 kg / mu. Rice was transplanted on July 18 and topdressed on August 13 (tillering stage). -1 , P 2 O 5 6kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizer is applied as topdressing;

[0084] Experimental Group 1-5th Sub-treatment Group (referred to as 1.2CM-15NP): Base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and 24 kg / mu was applied on July 16. -1 The microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was applied at an application rate of N10.2 kg / mu. Rice was transplanted on July 18 and topdressed on August 13 (tillering stage). -1 , P2 O 5 5.1 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizers, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0085] Experimental Group 2 - First Sub-treatment Group (denoted as ABP): Basal fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and on July 16, the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 was applied at an application rate of 20 kg per mu -1 , rice was transplanted on July 18, and topdressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of basal fertilizer and topdressing is N 12 kg per mu -1 、P 2 O 5 6 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizers, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0086] Experimental Group 2 - Second Sub-treatment Group (denoted as ABP-15N): Basal fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and on July 16, the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 was applied at an application rate of 20 kg per mu -1 , rice was transplanted on July 18, and topdressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of basal fertilizer and topdressing is N 10.2 kg per mu -1 、P 2 O 5 6 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizers, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0087] Experimental Group 2 - Third Sub-treatment Group (denoted as ABP-15NP): Basal fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and on July 16, the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 was applied at an application rate of 20 kg per mu -1 , rice was transplanted on July 18, and topdressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of basal fertilizer and topdressing is N 10.2 kg per mu -1 、P 2 O 5 5.1 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied as basal fertilizers, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0088] Experimental Group 2 - 4th Sub - treatment Group (denoted as 1.2ABP): The base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 was applied at an application rate of 24 kg per mu on July 16. Rice was transplanted on July 18, and top - dressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and top - dressing was N 12 kg per mu -1 , P -1 、P 2 O 5 6 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , and 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer were applied in the form of base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers were applied by top - dressing;

[0089] Experimental Group 2 - 5th Sub - treatment Group (denoted as 1.2ABP - 15NP): The base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 was applied at an application rate of 24 kg per mu on July 16. Rice was transplanted on July 18, and top - dressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and top - dressing was N 10.2 kg per mu -1 , P -1 、P 2 O 5 5.1 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , and 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer were applied in the form of base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers were applied by top - dressing;

[0090] Experimental Group 3 - 1st Sub - treatment Group (denoted as SAT): The base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 3 was applied at an application rate of 20 kg per mu on July 16. Rice was transplanted on July 18, and top - dressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and top - dressing was N 12 kg per mu -1 , P -1 、P 2 O 5 6 kg per mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg per mu -1 , and 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of the phosphorus fertilizer were applied in the form of base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers were applied by top - dressing;

[0091] Experimental Group 3 - 2nd Sub - treatment Group (denoted as SAT - 15N): The base fertilizer was applied on July 14, 2022, and the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 3 was applied at an application rate of 20 kg per mu on July 16. Rice was transplanted on July 18, and top - dressing was applied on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and top - dressing was N 10.2 kg per mu -1 , P -1 、P2 O 5 6 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0092] Experimental Group 3 - The 3rd sub-treatment group (denoted as SAT-15NP): Apply base fertilizer on July 14, 2022, and apply the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 at an application rate of 20 kg·mu -1 on July 16. Transplant rice on July 18, and apply topdressing on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and topdressing is N 10.2 kg·mu -1 、P 2 O 5 5.1 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0093] Experimental Group 3 - The 4th sub-treatment group (denoted as 1.2SAT): Apply base fertilizer on July 14, 2022, and apply the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 3 at an application rate of 24 kg·mu -1 on July 16. Transplant rice on July 18, and apply topdressing on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and topdressing is N 12 kg·mu -1 、P 2 O 5 6 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0094] Experimental Group 3 - The 5th sub-treatment group (denoted as SAT-15NP): Apply base fertilizer on July 14, 2022, and apply the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 3 at an application rate of 24 kg·mu -1 on July 16. Transplant rice on July 18, and apply topdressing on August 13 (tillering stage). The total amount of base fertilizer and topdressing is N 10.2 kg·mu -1 、P 2 O 5 5.1 kg·mu -1 and K 2 O 10 kg·mu -1 , 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers are applied by topdressing;

[0095] 4. Data Detection

[0096] During the critical periods in the whole growth period of rice, such as the tillering stage, filling stage, and harvesting stage, the following detections are carried out:

[0097] (1) Measure the soil pH, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 as follows;

[0098] Table 1 Soil pH at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments

[0099]

[0100] According to Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that the change trends of soil pH among different treatments are basically the same, that is, the pH value at the filling stage is significantly lower than that at the tillering stage, indicating that with the growth of rice, weak acid substances such as organic acids secreted by rice roots will, to a certain extent, reduce the soil pH value of infertile paddy fields. After applying the microbial fertilizer, especially in the later stage of rice growth, through its improvement effect on the soil environment and soil microorganisms, the soil pH value is significantly increased compared with that at the tillering stage, reducing the adverse effects of acidification on rice roots.

[0101] (2) Collect 0 - 20 cm in each pot according to the five-point sampling method (take 0.12 kg at each of the five points and mix them evenly to obtain 0.6 kg for standby). Put 100 g of the soil sample into a -80 °C freezer for standby for microbial community analysis in other studies, put 100 g into a 4 °C refrigerator for enzyme activity determination, and air-dry the rest and mix them evenly. Remove plant residues and large gravel, grind them with a mortar, pass through a 1 mm sieve, and store them at room temperature for standby.

[0102] Refer to the existing technology (Bao Shidan, 2000. Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press: 25 - 100.) to measure soil nutrient indexes such as ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus; refer to the existing technology (Guan Songyin. Soil Enzymes and Their Research Methods [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1982) to measure the activities of related enzymes such as acid phosphatase, and the results are shown in Tables 2 - 6 and Figures 2 to 5 as follows;

[0103] Table 2 Soil available nitrogen content (mg·kg -1 )

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05.

[0107] According to Table 2 and Figure 2It can be seen that when using the microbial fertilizer of Example 1, the available alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil at the tillering stage was significantly higher than that of the CK (control) treatment except for the CM-15NP (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with 15% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus of chemical fertilizers) treatment. The CM (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with standard amount of chemical fertilizers) treatment had the largest increase in the available alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil. At the filling stage, except for the CM-15N (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with 15% reduction in nitrogen of chemical fertilizers), the available alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of the CK. The 1.2CM-15NP (the amount of fertilizer was 24 kg per mu, -1 with 15% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus of chemical fertilizers) had the largest increase; when using the microbial fertilizer of Example 2, the ABP-15N (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with 15% reduction in nitrogen of chemical fertilizers) had the largest increase in the available alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content at the tillering stage, followed by the ABP (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with standard amount of chemical fertilizers) and 1.2ABP (the amount of fertilizer was 24 kg per mu, -1 with standard amount of chemical fertilizers) treatments; when using the microbial fertilizer of Example 3, only the SAT (the amount of fertilizer was 20 kg per mu, -1 with standard amount of chemical fertilizers) and 1.2SAT (the amount of fertilizer was 24 kg per mu, -1 with standard amount of chemical fertilizers) treatments had significantly higher available alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content than that of the CK.

[0108] Table 3 Available phosphorus content in the soil at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments (mg·kg -1 )

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P<0.05.

[0112] According to Table 3 and Figure 3 it can be seen that when using the microbial fertilizer of Example 2, the ABP treatment had a significant promoting effect on the available phosphorus content in the soil at the tillering stage, filling stage and harvesting stage, indicating that this combination method could significantly promote the phosphorus release effect in the soil and provide sufficient available phosphorus nutrients for crop growth.

[0113] Table 4 Ammonium nitrogen content in the soil at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments (mg·kg -1 )

[0114]

[0115] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05.

[0116] Table 5 Nitrate nitrogen content in soil at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments (mg·kg -1 )

[0117]

[0118] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05.

[0119] According to Tables 4 - 5 and Figure 4 it can be seen that the ammonium nitrogen content under different treatments shows a downward trend as a whole from the tillering stage to the harvesting stage, while the nitrate nitrogen shows the opposite trend. The microbial fertilizers of Examples 1 - 3 have the best effect on nitrogen transformation in the early stage of rice growth. In the later stage of growth, plants absorb more ammonium nitrogen, and its content in the soil decreases significantly. Among the treatments at the tillering stage, the CM - 15N treatment has the largest increase in ammonium nitrogen content. When using the microbial fertilizer of Example 2, when the fertilizer dosage is 20 kg·mu -1 the soil ammonium nitrogen content under different chemical fertilizer dosage treatments shows a certain regularity, that is, the soil ammonium nitrogen content decreases with the decrease of chemical fertilizer dosage, indicating that the combined application of the microbial fertilizer of Example 2 and the standard dosage of chemical fertilizer has the best effect on the transformation of nitrogen forms; there are no significant differences in nitrate nitrogen among the treatments at the same time.

[0120] Table 6 Acid phosphatase content in soil at each stage of the pot experiment under different treatments (nmol·g -1 ·h -1 )

[0121]

[0122] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05.

[0123] According to Table 6 and Figure 5 it can be seen that when using the microbial fertilizer of Example 1, there are no significant differences among the treatments. When using the microbial fertilizers of Examples 2 and 3, the acid phosphatase activity is significantly increased in the early stage of rice growth under the treatment of high fertilizer dosage of 24 kg·mu -1 with a 15% reduction in chemical fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus application (1.2ABP - 15NP, 1.2SAT - 15NP). Combining with the change trend of soil available phosphorus content, it can be seen that the insoluble phosphorus in the infertile paddy field soil is difficult to be activated and decomposed, and more phosphorus - solubilizing bacteria need to be added to play an effect.

[0124] (3) Monitor the growth status of rice. After the rice is mature, wash the whole rice plant clean with tap water and deionized water, separate the rice roots, stems, leaves and ears. First, blanch the rice samples at 105 °C for 1 hour, then dry them in an oven at 60 °C, measure the yield, plant height, aboveground and underground biomass of each pot, etc., and then store them for later use. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0125] Table 7 Rice Yield Factors and Biological Indexes

[0126]

[0127] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05.

[0128] It can be seen from Table 7 that among the various treatments, the CM treatment has the best yield increase effect, and the yield is significantly increased by 19.62%. Followed by the ABP-15NP (bacterial fertilizer dosage 20 kg·mu -1 combined with chemical fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by 15%) treatment and the 1.2CM (high dosage of bacterial fertilizer 24 kg·mu -1 combined with standard dosage of chemical fertilizer) treatment, with the yields increased by 19.45% and 16.46% respectively. In addition, when using the microbial bacterial fertilizer of Example 2, except for the 1.2ABP-15NP (high dosage of bacterial fertilizer 24 kg·mu -1 combined with chemical fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by 15%) treatment, the rice yields under other dosage treatments have all increased to varying degrees, and the yield increase effect is relatively stable. Adding bacterial fertilizer has an obvious growth-promoting effect on rice plants, and the plant heights of rice in each treatment have all increased to varying degrees. When adding the microbial bacterial fertilizers of Examples 2 and 3, the differences among different dosage treatments of bacterial fertilizer are the most significant; in addition, adding bacterial fertilizer also has a growth-promoting effect on the growth of rice plant stems, leaves and roots to varying degrees.

[0129] Based on Tables 1-7 and Figures 1 to 5 it can be seen that applying urea as chemical fertilizer makes the nitrogen dosage 12 kg·mu -1 , applying superphosphate makes the P 2 O 5 dosage 6 kg·mu -1 , applying potassium chloride makes the K 2 O dosage 10 kg·mu -1 , and at the same time combining with 20 kg·mu -1 of the microbial bacterial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 is the best fertilization scheme for significantly improving the soil nutrient status of infertile paddy fields, reducing pests and diseases and increasing rice yield.

[0130] It can be seen from the above content that the technical solution provided by the present invention can promote the activation of soil nutrients in infertile paddy fields, reduce pests and diseases and increase rice yield.

[0131] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving infertile paddy fields, characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: Applying chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer in combination to the infertile paddy fields to be improved; By mass parts, the microbial fertilizer consists of 5 parts of Azotobacter chroococcum powder, 5 parts of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus powder and 90 parts of mushroom residue; The viable count of Azotobacter chroococcum in the microbial bacterial fertilizer is 1 billion per gram -1 , and the viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus is 1 billion per gram -1 ; The basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the barren paddy field are as follows: pH 5.1-5.7, organic matter 7.38-9.35 g·kg -1 , cation exchange capacity 8.9-18.5 cmol·kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.597-0.822 g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.377-0.607 g·kg -1 , total potassium 13.21-16.52 g·kg -1 , available nitrogen 47-79 mg·kg -1 , available phosphorus 0.3-1.3 mg·kg -1 , available potassium 67-239 mg·kg -1 ; The application rate of the microbial fertilizer is 20 - 24 kg per mu -1 ; The chemical fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium oxide; the urea is calculated by N and the application rate is 12 kg / mu -1 ; the superphosphate is calculated by P 2 O 5 and the application rate is 6 kg / mu -1 ; the potassium oxide is calculated by K 2 O and the application rate is 10 kg / mu -1 ; In the chemical fertilizer, 80 wt.% of N, 100 wt.% of P 2 O 5 and 80 wt.% of K 2 O are applied as base fertilizers; 20 wt.% of N and 20 wt.% of K 2 O is applied as a top dressing; Applying the microbial fertilizer 2 days after applying the base fertilizer, and applying the top dressing during the tillering stage of rice.

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