Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a kind of laminated glass and vehicle, can ensure that the appearance color difference of laminated glass is smaller under different observation angles, ensure the consistency of the overall appearance color of vehicle.Laminated glass includes outer sheet glass, inner sheet glass, infrared reflection layer and adhesive layer, adhesive layer is arranged between outer sheet glass and inner sheet glass, outer sheet glass includes oppositely arranged first surface and second surface, inner sheet glass includes oppositely arranged third surface and fourth surface, third surface faces second surface, infrared reflection layer is arranged on second surface;Laminated glass has the maximum chromatic aberration C max ≤3.5 in the range of incident angle θ 10°≤θ≤80°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass technology, and more particularly to a laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] New energy vehicles are gaining increasing market acceptance, but due to limitations in overall design, interior height has been significantly reduced. This has led more and more vehicles to eliminate sunroof sunshades to maximize interior height, while also reducing overall vehicle weight and manufacturing costs. For sunroofs without sunshades, the interior becomes extremely hot in summer due to high temperatures and direct sunlight. Therefore, more and more sunroofs are incorporating infrared reflective layers. However, these layers can cause the sunroof to appear different colors from different viewing angles, reducing the overall color consistency of the vehicle. Especially for privacy or shading needs, sunroofs without sunshades require low visible light transmittance, such as less than 20% or even less than 10%, further exacerbating the color inconsistency from different viewing angles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of this application provide a laminated glass and a vehicle that can ensure minimal color difference in the laminated glass under different viewing angles, thus ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a laminated glass comprising an outer glass pane, an inner glass pane, an infrared reflective layer, and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is sandwiched between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane, the outer glass pane includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, the inner glass pane includes a third surface and a fourth surface disposed opposite to each other, the third surface facing the second surface, and the infrared reflective layer being disposed on the second surface; the laminated glass has a maximum color difference C of reflected color within the incident angle θ range of 10°≤θ≤80°. max ≤3.5.

[0005] Among them, when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°, the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is -5≤a≤1 and -5≤b≤1.

[0006] The laminated glass has a visible light transmittance of TL1, where TL1 < 10%, and a total solar energy transmittance of TTS, where TTS < 25%.

[0007] The visible light reflectance of the laminated glass, measured from one side of the first surface, is RL, where RL < 15%.

[0008] The laminated glass further includes a low-emissivity layer disposed on the fourth surface. The low-emissivity layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of which is selected from doped zinc oxide, ITO, or NiCrO. x The zinc oxide is at least one of the following elements: aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

[0009] The infrared reflective layer comprises an inner dielectric layer, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer, and an outer dielectric layer stacked sequentially. Each intermediate dielectric layer is disposed between two adjacent metal layers, and the inner dielectric layer is disposed on the second surface. The metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer is the outermost metal layer, and the intermediate dielectric layer in direct contact with the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0010] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 4, preferably 4.5-10.

[0011] The ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 14, preferably 15-20.

[0012] The infrared reflective layer further includes an absorption layer that is in direct contact with the metal layer. The absorption layer is disposed between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or, the absorption layer is disposed between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer. The material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi.

[0013] The inner dielectric layer includes at least two stacked inner dielectric sublayers, the intermediate dielectric layer includes at least two stacked intermediate dielectric sublayers, and the outer dielectric layer includes at least two stacked outer dielectric sublayers.

[0014] The average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, the average refractive index of the intermediate dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, and the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4.

[0015] One of the outer dielectric sublayers has a refractive index of 2.5-2.75 and a physical thickness of 0.5nm-10nm.

[0016] Wherein, the inner glass is colored glass, and / or, the adhesive layer is a colored polymer film.

[0017] The visible light transmittance of the outer glass is TL2, where TL2 > 80%.

[0018] Secondly, this application also provides a vehicle, including a body and a laminated glass as described in any of the preceding claims, the laminated glass being mounted on the body.

[0019] The laminated glass and vehicle provided in this application, by setting a reasonably designed and optimized infrared reflective layer in the laminated glass, can make the reflected color of the laminated glass close to a neutral color, and make the appearance color difference of the laminated glass less different under different viewing angles. This is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles, thereby ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle and improving the visual premium feel of the overall appearance of the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another type of laminated glass provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided in this application in the first example;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided in this application in the second example;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided in this application in the third example;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided in this application in the fourth example.

[0028] The names corresponding to the labels in the figure are:

[0029] Vehicle 100, body 110, laminated glass 120, outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, inner glass 40, low-emissivity layer 50, first surface 11, second surface 12, third surface 41, fourth surface 42, inner dielectric layer 21, first metal layer 22, first intermediate dielectric layer 23, second metal layer 24, outer dielectric layer 25, second intermediate dielectric layer 26, third metal layer 27, first absorption layer 28, second absorption layer 29, first inner dielectric sublayer 211, second inner dielectric sublayer 212, third inner dielectric sublayer 213, first outer dielectric sublayer 251, second outer dielectric sublayer 252, third outer dielectric sublayer 253, fourth outer dielectric sublayer 254, first intermediate dielectric sublayer 231, second intermediate dielectric sublayer 232, third intermediate dielectric sublayer 233, fourth intermediate dielectric sublayer 261, fifth intermediate dielectric sublayer 262, sixth intermediate dielectric sublayer 263. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 The vehicle 100 provided in the embodiments of this application can be, but is not limited to, a sedan, truck, pickup truck, commercial vehicle, bus, or SUV, and this application does not impose any limitations on it. In this embodiment, the vehicle 100 may include a body 110 and laminated glass 120, with the laminated glass 120 installed on the body 110. For example, the laminated glass 120 can be used as a sunroof, or as a rear door window, triangular window, or rear windshield, etc.

[0032] The laminated glass 120 provided in this application, after being installed on the vehicle body 110, reflects a near-neutral color when viewed from outside the vehicle at different angles, with minimal difference in reflected color between different viewing angles. This meets the design requirements for a neutral-color appearance from all angles, ensuring the consistency of the overall exterior color of the vehicle 100 and enhancing its visual sophistication. Furthermore, the laminated glass 120 reduces the transmission of infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light into the interior of the vehicle 100, exhibiting good heat insulation and low visible light transmittance, thus improving thermal and brightness comfort inside the vehicle. Simultaneously, the laminated glass 120 reduces heat radiation entering the vehicle 100 in summer and reduces heat loss from the vehicle interior to the outside in winter, thereby meeting energy conservation and environmental protection requirements.

[0033] Please see Figure 2The laminated glass 120 includes an outer glass 10, an infrared reflective layer 20, an adhesive layer 30, and an inner glass 40. The adhesive layer 30 is sandwiched between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 40, and the infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the outer glass 10 facing the adhesive layer 30.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 The laminated glass 120 includes an outer glass pane 10, an infrared reflective layer 20, an adhesive layer 30, an inner glass pane 40, and a low-emissivity layer 50. The adhesive layer 30 is sandwiched between the outer glass pane 10 and the inner glass pane 40. The infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the outer glass pane 10 facing the adhesive layer 30, and the low-emissivity layer 50 is disposed on the surface of the inner glass pane 40 facing away from the adhesive layer 30.

[0035] The outer glass 10 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 100. The outer glass 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12. The first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the outer glass 10. The first surface 11 faces the exterior of the vehicle 100, and the second surface 12 faces the adhesive layer 30.

[0036] In this embodiment, the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 0.7 mm to 4 mm. For example, the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 2.1 mm to 4 mm. In this embodiment, the outer glass 10 is transparent glass, or it can be ultra-transparent glass. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%. For example, the total iron content of the transparent glass can be less than or equal to 0.08%, or less than or equal to 0.05%. When the outer glass 10 is transparent glass, its visible light transmittance TL2 is 80% to 95%. The total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%. For example, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass can be less than or equal to 0.01%. When the outer glass 10 is ultra-transparent glass, its visible light transmittance TL2 is greater than or equal to 90%. The outer glass 10 is made of transparent or ultra-transparent glass, which is more conducive to the infrared reflective layer 20 reflecting as much infrared light as possible and the outer glass 10 absorbing as little infrared light as possible, thereby better reducing the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass 120.

[0037] An infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10. Exemplarily, the infrared reflective layer 20 can be deposited layer by layer onto the second surface 12 using a magnetron sputtering process. By optimizing the material and thickness of each layer of the infrared reflective layer 20, it is made possible that the infrared reflective layer 20 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment at at least 500°C and other bending and forming processes, and that the optical and mechanical properties of the laminated glass 120 with the infrared reflective layer 20 meet the usage standards of the vehicle 100 for the laminated glass 120.

[0038] The adhesive layer 30 is used to connect the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 40 to improve the structural strength of the laminated glass 120, enabling it to meet safety standards and regulatory requirements in more scenarios. The adhesive layer 30 can be a transparent polymer film or a colored polymer film, and its thickness ranges from 0.38 mm to 2.66 mm. Examples of thicknesses for the adhesive layer 30 include 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, and 1.52 mm. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to 80%, specifically examples include 80%, 81%, 85%, 88%, 90%, and 92%, preferably greater than or equal to 85%. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the colored polymer film is less than or equal to 50%, specifically exemplified by 50%, 44%, 40%, 36%, 30%, 28%, 25%, 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, preferably less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 10%, even less than or equal to 8%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 5%. The material of the transparent polymer film or the colored polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionomer polymer (SGP). Specifically, when the inner glass 40 is transparent glass, the adhesive layer 30 is a colored polymer film. When the inner glass 40 is colored glass, the adhesive layer 30 is a transparent polymer film or a colored polymer film.

[0039] The inner glass pane 40 is located inside the vehicle 100. The inner glass pane 40 includes a third surface 41 and a fourth surface 42. The third surface 41 and the fourth surface 42 are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the inner glass pane 40. The third surface 41 faces the adhesive layer 30, and the fourth surface 42 faces the interior of the vehicle 100.

[0040] The inner glass 40 can be transparent or ultra-transparent glass, or it can be colored glass such as green, gray, blue, or brown glass; the embodiments of this application do not impose strict limitations on this. The total iron content of the colored glass is greater than or equal to 0.5%. For example, the total iron content of the colored glass is 0.5% to 1.8%, or 0.8% to 1.5%. When the inner glass 40 is colored glass, its visible light transmittance is less than or equal to 85%, preferably less than or equal to 50%, more preferably less than or equal to 30%. It is understood that in some embodiments, the inner glass 40 is colored glass, and / or the adhesive layer 30 is a colored polymer film; that is, at least one of the inner glass 40 and the adhesive layer 30 is colored. Specifically, the inner glass 40 is colored glass, and the adhesive layer 30 is a transparent polymer film; or, the inner glass is colored glass, and the adhesive layer 30 is a colored polymer film; or, the inner glass 40 is transparent glass, and the adhesive layer 30 is a colored polymer film.

[0041] Furthermore, the thickness of the inner glass 40 is 0.7 mm to 4 mm. For example, the thickness of the inner glass 40 is 0.7 mm to 1.8 mm. The thickness of the inner glass 40 is less than that of the outer glass 10. For example, the difference between the thickness of the outer glass 10 and the thickness of the inner glass 40 is greater than 0.3 mm. With this configuration, a thinner inner glass 40 can be used to form an asymmetric thickness laminated glass structure, maintaining good overall strength while reducing the total thickness of the laminated glass 120 to achieve lightweighting.

[0042] A low-emissivity layer 50 is disposed on the fourth surface 42. The low-emissivity layer 50 includes at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from doped zinc oxide, ITO (indium tin oxide), NiCrO. x At least one of nickel-chromium oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), wherein the doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with one or more of the following elements: aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. The low-emissivity layer 50 can be deposited on the fourth surface 42 by a process such as magnetron sputtering, which can further reduce the emissivity of the laminated glass 120. The emissivity of the laminated glass 120 measured from the fourth surface 42 side is less than or equal to 0.30, preferably less than or equal to 0.25, or even less than or equal to 0.20.

[0043] The laminated glass 120 provided in this embodiment has a maximum color difference C in the reflected color within the incident angle θ range of 10°≤θ≤80°. max≤3.5. It is understood that the laminated glass 120 provided in this application, through the infrared reflective layer 20 deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10, reflects infrared rays from sunlight into the external environment instead of entering the vehicle interior, thus providing good heat insulation. Furthermore, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 when viewed from outside the vehicle can be adjusted to be close to a neutral color, and the difference in appearance color of the laminated glass 120 under different viewing angles is minimized, which is beneficial for achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles, thereby ensuring the consistency of the overall vehicle appearance color and improving the visual sophistication of the overall vehicle appearance. Preferably, the maximum color difference C... max ≤3, or the maximum color difference C max ≤2.5, or the maximum color difference C max ≤2.

[0044] In some embodiments, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 120 is TL1, which is less than 10%, in order to reduce visible light entering the vehicle interior and better protect privacy or meet light-shielding requirements. Specific examples of TL1 include 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, etc.

[0045] In some embodiments, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 120 is less than 25% to achieve a lower TTS, thus enabling the laminated glass 120 to have heat insulation and sun protection effects. Preferably, the TTS is less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 16%, or even less than or equal to 13%, thereby greatly improving the thermal comfort inside the vehicle. The TTS of the laminated glass 120 is measured and calculated according to standard ISO 9050.

[0046] In some embodiments, the visible light reflectance RL of the laminated glass 120 is measured from one side of the first surface 11, and RL < 15% to reduce reflections on the vehicle exterior and light pollution. Specific examples of RL include 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6.5%, etc., preferably RL ≤ 10%.

[0047] In some embodiments, when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°, the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 measured from one side of the first surface 11 is -5≤a≤1 and -5≤b≤1. This makes the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 close to a neutral color and minimizes the difference in appearance color of the laminated glass 120 at different viewing angles, which is beneficial for achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles. Preferably, the value of a satisfies: -4≤a≤1, or -3≤a≤0.5, or -2≤a≤0. Preferably, the value of b satisfies: -4≤a≤-1, or -3≤a≤0, or -2.5≤a≤1, or -1.5≤a≤1.

[0048] The specific structure of the infrared reflective layer 20 is described below.

[0049] The infrared reflective layer 20 comprises at least two metal layers and at least three dielectric layers, with each metal layer located between two adjacent dielectric layers. The metal layers are made of a metal or metal alloy selected from at least one element chosen from Ag (silver), Au (gold), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), and Pt (platinum), specifically, including two, three, or four silver layers. The physical thickness of each metal layer is 4nm-20nm, for example, specific values ​​such as 4nm, 5nm, 10nm, 15nm, and 20nm, or a range with any two of these specific values ​​as endpoints. Optionally, the total thickness of all metal layers can be controlled to be 15nm-50nm.

[0050] The dielectric layer serves two purposes: firstly, it protects the metal layer from damage during processing or use; secondly, it adjusts the optical, mechanical, and reflective properties of the infrared reflective layer 20. Each dielectric layer comprises 2-5 dielectric sublayers. The materials for these sublayers are selected from at least one nitride, oxide, or oxynitride of at least one element chosen from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta. For example, ZnSnO can be used as a material for the dielectric sublayers. x (zinc tin oxide) and TiO x (titanium oxide), SiN x (Silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrO x (zirconia), NbO x (Niobium oxide), etc.

[0051] Specifically, the infrared reflective layer 20 includes an inner dielectric layer 21, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer, and an outer dielectric layer 25, stacked sequentially along a direction away from the second surface 12. Each intermediate dielectric layer is disposed between two adjacent metal layers. The inner dielectric layer 21 is disposed on the second surface 12. The outer dielectric layer 25 is the dielectric layer in the infrared reflective layer 20 furthest from the second surface 12. The metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer 25 is the outermost metal layer, and the outermost metal layer is the metal layer furthest from the second surface 12. The intermediate dielectric layer in direct contact with the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, and the outermost intermediate dielectric layer is the intermediate dielectric layer furthest from the second surface 12.

[0052] Please see Figure 4 The infrared reflective layer 20 includes two metal layers and three dielectric layers, specifically including an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, and an outer dielectric layer 25 stacked sequentially. Among them, the second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0053] Please refer to the following: Figure 5 The infrared reflective layer 20 comprises three metal layers and four dielectric layers, specifically including an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, a second intermediate dielectric layer 26, a third metal layer 27, and an outer dielectric layer 25, stacked sequentially. The third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0054] Please refer to the following: Figure 6 The infrared reflective layer 20 comprises two metal layers, three dielectric layers, and one absorption layer, specifically including an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first absorption layer 28, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, and an outer dielectric layer 25 stacked sequentially. The second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, and the first absorption layer 28 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22 and located between the first metal layer 22 and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23.

[0055] Please refer to the following: Figure 7The infrared reflective layer 20 comprises three metal layers, four dielectric layers, and two absorption layers, specifically including an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first absorption layer 28, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, a second absorption layer 29, a second intermediate dielectric layer 26, a third metal layer 27, and an outer dielectric layer 25, stacked sequentially. The third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, the first absorption layer 28 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22 and is located between the first metal layer 22 and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23, and the second absorption layer 29 is in direct contact with the second metal layer 24 and is located between the second metal layer 24 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26.

[0056] exist Figures 4 to 7 In this structure, the inner dielectric layer 21 comprises three inner dielectric sublayers, specifically a first inner dielectric sublayer 211, a second inner dielectric sublayer 212, and a third inner dielectric sublayer 213 stacked sequentially. The first inner dielectric sublayer 211 is directly deposited on the second surface 12, and the third inner dielectric sublayer 213 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22. The inner dielectric layer 21 can reduce or prevent alkali metal ions from diffusing from the outer glass 10 into the infrared reflective layer 20, preventing alkali metal ions from damaging the first metal layer 22. It can also serve as a growth substrate for the first metal layer 22, promoting the crystallization and growth of the first metal layer 22. For example, the structure of the inner dielectric layer 21 is ZnSnO. x Layer / TiO x The inner dielectric layer 21 may have two, four, or five layers, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. For ease of design and manufacturing of the infrared reflective layer 20, the average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer 21 is preferably 1.9-2.4, specifically 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc.

[0057] exist Figure 4 and Figure 6 In this structure, the outer dielectric layer 25 includes four outer dielectric sublayers, specifically a first outer dielectric sublayer 251, a second outer dielectric sublayer 252, a third outer dielectric sublayer 253, and a fourth outer dielectric sublayer 254 stacked sequentially. For example, the structure of the outer dielectric layer 25 is an AZO layer / TiO layer. x Layer / ZnSnO x Layer / SiN x Layer. In Figure 5 and Figure 7 In the middle, the outer dielectric layer 25 includes three outer dielectric sublayers, specifically including a first outer dielectric sublayer 251, a second outer dielectric sublayer 252, and a third outer dielectric sublayer 253 stacked sequentially; for example, the structure of the outer dielectric layer 25 is an AZO layer / ZnSnO. x Layer / SiN xThe outer dielectric layer 25 is the dielectric layer furthest from the second surface 12 in the infrared reflective layer 20. It not only isolates oxygen and moisture from the external environment, preventing oxidation and corrosion of the metal layer in the infrared reflective layer 20, but also improves the hardness, scratch resistance, and processing resistance of the infrared reflective layer 20, and adjusts its optical performance. In some other embodiments, the number of outer dielectric sub-layers may be two or five, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard. For ease of design and production of the infrared reflective layer 20, the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer 25 is preferably 1.9-2.4, specifically 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc. More preferably, one of the outer dielectric sub-layers has a refractive index of 2.5-2.75 and a physical thickness of 0.5 nm-10 nm.

[0058] In order to better adjust the optical performance of the infrared reflective layer 20, especially to make the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 close to the neutral color and to make the appearance color difference of the laminated glass 120 under different viewing angles smaller, it is preferable that the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 4, more preferably 4.5-10; specific examples can be 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0059] exist Figures 4 to 7 In this structure, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 each independently include three intermediate dielectric sublayers. Specifically, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 includes a first intermediate dielectric sublayer 231, a second intermediate dielectric sublayer 232, and a third intermediate dielectric sublayer 233 stacked sequentially. The first intermediate dielectric layer 23 serves to separate the first metal layer 22 and the second metal layer 24, protecting the first metal layer 22 and serving as a growth substrate for the second metal layer 24, promoting the crystallization growth of the second metal layer 24. For example, the structure of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is an AZO layer / ZnSnO. x The first intermediate dielectric layer 23 has an AZO layer / AZO layer. The second intermediate dielectric layer 26 includes a fourth intermediate dielectric sublayer 261, a fifth intermediate dielectric sublayer 262, and a sixth intermediate dielectric sublayer 263 stacked sequentially. The second intermediate dielectric layer 26 separates the second metal layer 24 and the third metal layer 27, protecting the second metal layer 24 and serving as a growth substrate for the third metal layer 27, promoting its crystal growth. Exemplarily, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 has an AZO layer / ZnSnO structure. xLayer / AZO layer. In some other embodiments, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 each independently include two, four, or five intermediate dielectric sublayers, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. For the sake of convenience in the design and manufacture of the infrared reflective layer 20, it is preferred that the average refractive index of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is 1.9-2.4, and specific examples include 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc.

[0060] In order to better adjust the optical performance of the infrared reflective layer 20, especially to make the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 close to the neutral color and to make the appearance color difference of the laminated glass 120 less at different viewing angles, it is preferable that the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 14, preferably 15-20; specific examples can be 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc.

[0061] exist Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the infrared reflective layer 20, an absorption layer is also included that is in direct contact with the metal layer. The absorption layer is disposed between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer 25. The absorption layer can absorb visible light, reducing the visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance of the infrared reflective layer 20, thereby helping to adjust the reflected color of the infrared reflective layer 20. This allows the appearance color of the laminated glass 120 to approach a neutral color, meeting the overall appearance design requirements of the vehicle 100. The number of absorption layers can be the same as or less than the number of metal layers. For example, if the number of metal layers is 3, the number of absorption layers can be 1, 2, or 3. The material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi. The thickness of the absorption layer is 0.1 nm to 20 nm. For example, the thickness of the absorption layer is 0.5 nm to 10 nm.

[0062] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the range of values ​​for x in the chemical formulas is defined where applicable. For values ​​not explicitly defined, it can be determined based on the stoichiometric, substoichiometric, or superstoichiometric deposition methods used in the magnetron sputtering process. The refractive index used in the embodiments of this application is the refractive index measured and calculated at a wavelength of 550 nm. The average refractive index of the dielectric layer is the total optical thickness of all its dielectric sublayers divided by its total physical thickness. The optical thickness of each dielectric sublayer is equal to the refractive index of the dielectric sublayer multiplied by its physical thickness.

[0063] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0064] Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4

[0065] Prepare the outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, and inner glass 40 as in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4. The infrared reflective layer 20 (as shown in Tables 1 and 2) is deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10 using a magnetron sputtering process. The outer glass 10 is selected as transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%. The outer glass 10 with the infrared reflective layer 20 is subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment at at least 500°C and an automotive glass bending process. Then, it is processed together with the adhesive layer 30 and the inner glass 40 to obtain the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4.

[0066] Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0067] Example 2: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0068] Example 3: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 28%.

[0069] Example 4: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 3%; the inner glass 40 is made of green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0070] The visible light transmittance TL, visible light reflectance RL, reflected color, and maximum color difference C of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4 were measured and calculated. max The measurement results of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 are included in Table 1, and the measurement results of Examples 2-4 are included in Table 2.

[0071] Visible light transmittance TL: The transmittance of laminated glass 120 for visible light with wavelengths of 380nm-780nm, calculated according to ISO9050.

[0072] Visible light reflectance RL: The reflectance of the laminated glass 120 to visible light with wavelengths of 380nm-780nm, calculated from one side of the first surface 11 according to ISO9050.

[0073] Reflected color: From one side of the first surface 11, at incident angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80°, based on a D65 light source and a 10° field of view, the a and b values ​​are calculated according to the CIE Lab color model. The a value represents the red-green value, and the b value represents the yellow-blue value. Among these, a... 10 The value 'a' represents the reflected color at an incident angle of 10°, expressed in terms of 'b'. 10 The b-value represents the reflected color at an incident angle of 10°, and so on for other incident angles.

[0074] Maximum color difference C max According to the formula Calculate the color difference between the reflected colors at any two incident angles, and take the maximum value as the maximum color difference C. max For example, the color difference between the reflected color at an incident angle of 10° and the reflected color at an incident angle of 80°.

[0075] Table 1: Measurement results of laminated glass 120 in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 both include two metal layers and three dielectric layers. Among them, the second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0079] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer in the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 1 is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 10. In the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 in Comparative Example 1 measured from the first surface 11 side, when the incident angle θ is 30°≤θ≤70°, the a value is greater than 3, even greater than 10; when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤70°, the b value is less than -5, even less than -30; and its maximum color difference C... max The value is greater than 30. As can be seen, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 1 is seriously reddish and deviates significantly from the neutral color. Moreover, the appearance color varies greatly under different viewing angles, which cannot meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0080] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer in the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 2 is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 14. In the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 in Comparative Example 2 measured from the first surface 11 side, when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤70°, the a value is less than -5, even less than -10; when the incident angle θ is 50°≤θ≤70°, the b value is less than -5; and its maximum color difference C... max The value is greater than 8. Therefore, it can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 2 deviates from the neutral color, and the appearance color varies significantly under different viewing angles, failing to meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0081] In Example 1, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer of the laminated glass 120 is greater than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than 15. When measuring the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 from the first surface 11 side, at an incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°, -1.5≤a≤1, -3≤b≤-0.5; and its maximum color difference C... max Less than 3. The visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 1 is less than 10%, and the visible light reflectance RL is less than 10%. It can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 1 is close to a neutral color, and the difference in appearance color under different viewing angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0082] Table 2: Measurement results of laminated glass 120 in Examples 2-4

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] As can be seen from Table 2, the laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 all include two metal layers and three dielectric layers. The second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0086] In Examples 2-4, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer of the laminated glass 120 is greater than 5, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than 16. When measuring the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 from the first surface 11 side, at an incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°, -1.5≤a≤0.5, -3.5≤b≤-1, or -2.5≤b≤0.5; and its maximum color difference C... max Less than 3, even less than 2. The visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 is less than 8%, less than 3%, and less than 1%, and the visible light reflectance RL is less than 15%. It can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 is close to a neutral color, and the difference in appearance color under different viewing angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0087] Compared with Example 4, the maximum color difference C of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 2 is [missing information]. max The maximum color difference C of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 4 is less than that of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 4. max This indicates that the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 2 has a smaller difference in reflected color at different angles. It is understood that, since Example 2 includes an absorption layer, which absorbs visible light, it helps to reduce the visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass 120 and the difference in reflected color at different viewing angles.

[0088] Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6

[0089] Prepare the outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, and inner glass 40 as in Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6. The infrared reflective layer 20 (as shown in Table 3) is deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10 using a magnetron sputtering process. The outer glass 10 is selected as transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%. The outer glass 10 with the infrared reflective layer 20 is subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment at at least 500°C and an automotive glass bending process. Then, it is processed together with the adhesive layer 30 and the inner glass 40 to obtain the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6.

[0090] Comparative Example 3 and Example 6: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0091] Example 5: The adhesive layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 3%; the inner glass 40 is made of gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 28%.

[0092] The visible light transmittance TL, visible light reflectance RL, reflected color, and maximum color difference C of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6 were measured and calculated. max The measurement results were recorded in Table 3.

[0093] Table 3: Measurement results of laminated glass 120 in Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] As can be seen from Table 3, the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6 both include three metal layers and four dielectric layers. The third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0097] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer in the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 11. In the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 in Comparative Example 3 measured from the first surface side, the a value is less than -5 when the incident angle θ is 20°≤θ≤60°; the b value is less than -5 when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤50°; and its maximum color difference C... max The value is greater than 12. Therefore, it can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 deviates from the neutral color, and the appearance color varies significantly under different viewing angles, failing to meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0098] In Example 5, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer of the laminated glass 120 is greater than 8, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than 15. When measuring the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 from the first surface 11 side, at an incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°, -4≤a≤-0.5, -2.5≤b≤1; and its maximum color difference C... maxLess than 3.5. The visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 5 is less than 2%, and the visible light reflectance RL is less than 15%. It can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 5 is close to a neutral color, and the difference in appearance color under different viewing angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0099] In Example 6, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer of the laminated glass 120 is greater than 5, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than 15. When measuring the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 from the first surface 11 side, at an incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°, -2≤a≤0.5, -1.5≤b≤1; and its maximum color difference C... max Less than 2.5. The visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 6 is less than 8%, and the visible light reflectance RL is less than 7%. It can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 6 is close to a neutral color, and the difference in appearance color under different viewing angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance from all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0100] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized by, The infrared reflection layer comprises an inner dielectric layer, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer and an outer dielectric layer which are stacked in sequence, each intermediate dielectric layer is arranged between two adjacent metal layers, and the inner dielectric layer is arranged on the second surface; the metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer is the outermost metal layer, and the intermediate dielectric layer directly contacting the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, and the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is 4.5-10. When the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°, the Lab value of the reflection color of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is -5≤a≤1 and -5≤b≤1. The laminated glass has a maximum chromatic aberration C of the reflection color in the range of an incident angle θ of 10° ≤ θ ≤ 80° max ≤ 3.

5.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL1, TL1<10%, and the total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass is TTS, TTS<25%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The visible light reflectance of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is RL, RL<15%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 14.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The laminated glass further comprises a low-emissivity layer disposed on the fourth surface, the low-emissivity layer comprising at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer being selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, ITO, NiCrO x , FTO, the doped zinc oxide being doped with one or a combination of two or more of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, neodymium.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is 15-20.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized by The infrared reflection layer further comprises an absorption layer directly contacting the metal layer, the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer, and the material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN and MoTi.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The inner dielectric layer comprises at least two layers of inner dielectric sub-layers stacked, the intermediate dielectric layer comprises at least two layers of intermediate dielectric sub-layers stacked, and the outer dielectric layer comprises at least two layers of outer dielectric sub-layers stacked.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized by The average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, the average refractive index of the intermediate dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, and the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer is 1.9-2.

4.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized by The refractive index of one of the outer dielectric sub-layers is 2.5-2.75, and the physical thickness is 0.5nm-10nm.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized by The inner sheet glass is colored glass, and / or the adhesive layer is a colored polymer film.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is TL2, TL2>80%.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The laminated glass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 is mounted on the vehicle body.

14. A vehicle characterized by comprising: ​

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