A method for ecological planting of polygonatum under chestnut forest

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs, and discloses the ecological planting technology of Polygonatum sibiricum, a medicinal and edible herb, under chestnut forests, an important economic forest in my country. The technology includes: harvesting and freezing Polygonatum sibiricum seeds, chestnut forest tending and ecosystem maintenance, collection and crushing of chestnut involucre (Aralia elata) husks, germination and sowing of Polygonatum sibiricum (shallow sowing in the upper layer of the chestnut rhizosphere in autumn), covering with involucre powder protective substrate, and using biological agents to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder. This technology is suitable for promoting the forest-medicinal herb model in the understory economic industry of hilly and shallow mountainous areas in central and northern my country.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, specifically to an ecological cultivation technique for Polygonatum sibiricum under chestnut forests. Background Technology

[0002] Polygonatum sibiricum, also known as chicken-head polygonatum, yellow chicken vegetable, pen tube vegetable, claw ginseng, tiger ginger, and chicken claw ginseng, is the dried rhizome of the Polygonatum genus plant in the Liliaceae or Asparagaceae family. Its rhizome is horizontal, cylindrical, 1-2 cm in diameter, and 50-90 cm tall, sometimes exceeding 1 meter. The nodes are swollen, and it sometimes climbs. The fleshy rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum is thick and contains abundant starch, sugar, fat, and other nutrients. It is a common food and medicine of the same origin. Eaten raw or stewed, it can satisfy hunger and promote health, increasing strength, building muscle, strengthening bones, and also tonifying the spleen, moistening the lungs, and promoting the production of body fluids, making it very beneficial to the body. The leaves of the plant *Polygonatum sibiricum* are whorled, linear-lanceolate, with the apex curled or hooked; the inflorescence usually has 2-4 flowers, and the peduncle is 1-2 cm long; the bracts are located at the base of the pedicel; the perianth is creamy white to pale yellow, with the perianth tube slightly constricted in the middle; the berry is 7-10 mm in diameter, black, and contains 4-7 seeds; it flowers from May to June and fruits from August to September. It is found in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces of China, growing in forests, thickets, or shady slopes at altitudes of 800-2800 meters. It is also found in Korea, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia, Russia.

[0003] Polygonatum is mainly propagated through rhizome propagation and seed propagation. Rhizome propagation is generally carried out in late autumn or early spring (around late March) by selecting healthy, disease-free rhizomes from 1-2 year old plants. The tender tips are selected and cut into several sections, each with 3-4 nodes. The wounds are allowed to dry slightly. Plantings are spaced 22-24 cm apart in rows and 10-16 cm apart in plants, at a depth of 5 cm. After covering with soil, lightly press down and water. Water every 3-5 days thereafter to keep the soil moist. When planting in late autumn, some manure and straw should be placed on the soil surface for insulation. Seed propagation is generally carried out in August after the seeds mature. Mature, plump seeds are immediately stratified in sand: a mixture of 1 part seeds and 3 parts sand is placed evenly in a shady, 30 cm deep pit and kept moist. In late March of the following year, sift out the seeds and sow them evenly in shallow furrows on the raised beds at a row spacing of 12-15 cm. Cover with about 1.5 cm of soil, press lightly, water, and cover with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Remove the straw before germination. When the seedlings are 6-9 cm tall, thin out overly dense areas. Transplant after one year. To provide the shade required for the growth of Polygonatum, corn can be planted on the raised bed ridges.

[0004] Patent CN106212022A discloses a method for cultivating Polygonatum sibiricum, including land preparation, propagation, field management, pest and disease control, harvesting and initial processing, and seed saving. The cultivation involves intercropping with erect-stemmed grasses. Patent CN109349046A discloses a method for intercropping Polygonatum sibiricum in Camellia oleifera forests, including selecting a cultivation environment, land preparation, selecting and planting Polygonatum sibiricum seed tubers, real-time field management, and topping and pest and disease control in conjunction with weeding.

[0005] However, existing technologies do not disclose techniques for the ecological cultivation of Polygonatum under chestnut forests, an important economic forest in my country. Therefore, it is essential to research and develop a method for cultivating Polygonatum under chestnut forests. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an ecological planting method for Polygonatum under chestnut forests, involving the harvesting and freezing of Polygonatum seeds, maintenance of the chestnut forest-medicinal plant ecosystem, collection and crushing of chestnut involucre (Erigeron tigrinum), shallow sowing technology of Polygonatum in the upper layer of chestnut rhizosphere in autumn, involucre powder protection substrate covering technology, and biological agent technology to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder. This method is suitable for the promotion of forest-medicinal plant model in the understory economic industry in the hilly and shallow mountainous areas of central and northern my country.

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological planting method for Polygonatum under chestnut forests, which mainly includes: harvesting and freezing Polygonatum seeds, chestnut forest tending and ecosystem maintenance, collection and crushing of chestnut involucre (Erigeron brevis), germination and sowing of Polygonatum (Polygonatum is sown shallowly on the upper surface of the chestnut rhizosphere in autumn), covering with involucre powder protective substrate, and field management, including the use of biological agents to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder, etc.

[0008] The harvesting and freezing treatment of Polygonatum seeds includes steps S1-S3:

[0009] S1, Polygonatum sibiricum seed collection

[0010] S2, disinfection of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit.

[0011] S3, Pre-cooling of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit.

[0012] In step S1, when the fruit peel of Polygonatum turns brown or dark brown in late August to early September of the same year, select plants that are vigorous, have thick whorled leaves, sturdy and upright stems, stems with 3-4 nodes in diameter greater than 0.8 cm, average internode length of 5-8 cm, fewer than 13 nodes, and plump fruits selected from nodes 4-9. Remove fruit stalks, withered leaves, branch segments, sand and other impurities, and pass the fruit through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0013] In step S2, the Polygonatum fruits are spread out in a single layer and then disinfected by ultraviolet light for a period of several minutes to several hours, preferably 15 minutes to 2 hours, and especially preferably 40-50 minutes.

[0014] In step S3, the Polygonatum fruits are placed in a gauze bag and pre-cooled at a low temperature, preferably with an air humidity of 70-80%. The pre-cooling temperature is set above the physiological activity temperature of Polygonatum, preferably in a refrigerator, within a temperature range of 5-7.2℃. The physiological after-ripening process of the seeds can last for 5-20 days, preferably 7-10 days.

[0015] The chestnut tending and forest-medicinal herb ecosystem maintenance mainly includes step S4:

[0016] S4. Select chestnut forests, preferably with a canopy closure of 0.45-0.83 throughout the growing season. The soil pH should be between 6.2 and 7.0, and the bulk density should be less than 1.1 g / cm³. 3 The soil organic matter content is higher than 1.0% and the humus layer thickness is greater than 1.0cm.

[0017] The environment for ecological planting under Polygonatum forests is generally selected in hilly or low mountainous areas with a slope of 5-20°, where the parent material of the soil is granite, sandstone, shale, etc. The soil in chestnut forests is slightly acidic. Chestnut forests with medium to high canopy closure are selected. Grass and shrubs are cut and crushed and returned to the field to increase soil organic matter and improve soil permeability without damaging the root system of the understory vegetation.

[0018] Specific protective measures for the chestnut-Polygonatum forest-medicinal herb ecosystem include:

[0019] (1) For areas with a slope of ≥25 degrees and areas with potential landslide risks, use jujube, Acanthopanax senticosus, and Periploca sepium, which have strong soil stabilization and slope protection functions, to protect the slope and mountains, exert the effect of soil and water conservation, and significantly reduce the soil erosion modulus. They are planted in clusters at a density of 2×2-3m, which is equivalent to 100-160 plants / mu.

[0020] (2) Plant Sophora flavescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Dictamnus dasycarpus at the edge of chestnut forest, in sparse sections of chestnut forest, and in chestnut forest gaps to block and prevent pests and diseases. Use double-row planting of 0.25×0.3m to divide the chestnut forest land in both the slope and horizontal directions, presenting relatively independent units of about 4-5 mu each.

[0021] The germination and sowing of Polygonatum mainly includes steps S5-S7.

[0022] S5, Polygonatum sibiricum frozen germination treatment:

[0023] Using the Utah cooling requirement model:

[0024]

[0025] Where: Ti≤-6℃, weighting value is 1

[0026] -6℃≤Ti≤-3℃, weighting value is 0.5

[0027] -3℃≤Ti≤7.2℃ Weighted value is 0

[0028] 7.2℃≤Ti≤11.3℃, weighted average value is -0.5

[0029] 11.3℃≤Ti weighting value is -1

[0030] Transfer the seed bags to a freezer at -10 to -15°C and freeze for 30 to 38 days.

[0031] S6, land preparation before sowing:

[0032] Before sowing, rotary tillage and furrowing should be carried out with a furrow spacing of 25-30cm and a furrow depth of 5-8cm. It is preferable to use a hand-held self-propelled gasoline two-wheel drive micro-tiller or a multi-functional four-wheel drive micro-tiller for furrowing.

[0033] S7, Pre-sowing treatment of Polygonatum seeds:

[0034] To treat Polygonatum sibiricum seeds, specifically, remove the seeds and place them in a shady place at a natural temperature for 6-72 hours, preferably 12-48 hours. Soak them in 1N sulfuric acid for 0.5-1 hour, rinse them once with tap water, rub them in a burlap sack, rinse off the pulp with tap water, disinfect them with a 0.3-0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hours, rinse them 3-5 times with clean water, and dry them. Then, treat the seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sow them under chestnut trees where the daytime temperature is 18-22℃, the nighttime temperature is 10-12℃, and the canopy closure can reach 0.75-0.83 throughout the vigorous growing season. The sowing rate is 4.5-6.2 kg.

[0035] The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used in the arbuscular symbiotic relationship are Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Glomus versiforme. Each seed is attached with 20 fungal spores, and the adhesive is 4% sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0036] The chestnut involucre (Erigeron brevis) is collected and crushed, then covered with a protective substrate of involucre powder. This mainly includes step S8:

[0037] S8, Covering after sowing Polygonatum seeds:

[0038] Powder the chestnut involucre (Prickly ash), preferably with a particle size of less than 5mm, then mix with 2.8-3.5% water-retaining agent and cover. Apply micro-sprinkler irrigation, and irrigate again from the end of October to the beginning of November before the soil freezes.

[0039] The water-retaining agent is prepared by solution polymerization using acrylic acid, acrylamide and potassium humate as raw materials. The water absorption ratio of the water-retaining agent is 800-810 g / g.

[0040] Field management mainly includes steps S9-14:

[0041] S9, apply microbial agents and organic fertilizer. Specifically, from the end of March to before Qingming Festival in the second year, apply 45-55 kg / mu of microbial agent (500 million / g) and evenly spread 3-3.8 m of decomposed sheep manure. 3 .

[0042] S10, Microbial-derived pesticide control:

[0043] In late April to early May of the following year, a compound microbial agent containing Beauveria bassiana was applied at a dosage of 1L / acre to control underground pests.

[0044] The microbial pesticides used for pest control are mainly used to control underground pests such as cutworms, grubs, and wireworms.

[0045] S11, weeding: Weeding should be done manually once before the end of May of the following year.

[0046] S12, repels pests on the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum:

[0047] In mid-to-late June of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum with a compound agent of chestnut flower extract to repel pests.

[0048] Preferably, chestnut flower extract is used to repel pests on the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum. Specifically, fresh chestnut flowers are collected in June, vacuum-packed, and stored at 2°C in the dark. 15 kg of fresh chestnut flower clusters are dried at 60°C for 18 hours, pulverized, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 4 kg of dry powder. Hot water extraction is used at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, an extraction temperature of 80°C, and an extraction time of 150 minutes to obtain a volatile oil aqueous solution (50-120 ml). The residue is dissolved in 58% ethanol, microwaved at 300W, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:28 g / ml, and extracted for 30 minutes. The supernatant is then rotary evaporated to obtain approximately 40-60 g of extract (the active ingredients are ursolic acid, etc.). The two extracts are mixed, 30 kg of water is added, and 4-5 ml of Tween 60 solution is added. This mixture is then sprayed onto the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum, sufficient for a 1000 m² area. 2 The main targets of their repulsion are two-spotted spider mites and hawthorn spider mites.

[0049] S13, for the prevention and control of diseases in Polygonatum sibiricum leaves:

[0050] In mid-July of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum with extract of Polygonatum odoratum to prevent piercing-sucking insect pests.

[0051] Preferably, *Ligustrum lucidum* extract is used to control leaf diseases in *Polygonatum sibiricum*. Specifically, 3.5 kg of *Ligustrum lucidum* root bark is weighed, air-dried, pulverized, and placed in a 50°C hot reflux extraction apparatus. Extraction is performed three times, using 40 L of methanol each time, for 8 hours, 4 hours, and 4 hours respectively. After filtration through gauze, the three extracts are combined and concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator at 45°C to obtain 0.5 kg of *Ligustrum lucidum* root bark extract. This extract is then extracted three times with 1.5 L of dichloromethane each time, yielding 100 g of active extract. 50 kg of water is added and thoroughly stirred to obtain a suspension for spraying on the leaves of *Polygonatum sibiricum*, sufficient for 700-1000 m² of *Polygonatum sibiricum* fields.

[0052] S14, for controlling spider mites:

[0053] In early August of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum with a 0.5% matrine aqueous solution diluted 1200 times to mainly control spider mites.

[0054] According to the planting method of this invention, through the above steps, a chestnut-Polygonatum forestry complex ecosystem is finally formed.

[0055] In August of the following year, the germination rate of Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings was found to be over 85%.

[0056] Before chestnuts ripen in mid-September, the survival rate of Polygonatum seedlings was assessed, with a survival rate exceeding 90%.

[0057] In late September, statistics were collected on the biocoverage of chestnut forests, and the biocoverage rate of the chestnut-Polygonatum forestry complex ecosystem was over 98%.

[0058] The method and technology for cultivating Polygonatum sibiricum under chestnut forests provided by this invention have the following advantages:

[0059] (1) This invention provides a method for ecological planting of Polygonatum under chestnut forest, which involves Polygonatum seed harvesting and freezing treatment, maintenance of chestnut forest medicinal ecosystem, collection and crushing of chestnut involucre (Erigeron brevis), shallow sowing technology of Polygonatum in the upper layer of chestnut rhizosphere in autumn, involucre powder protection substrate covering technology, and biological agent to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder.

[0060] (2) The method for ecological planting of Polygonatum under chestnut forests provided by the present invention is applicable to the promotion of the forest-medicinal herb model in the understory economy industry in the hilly and shallow mountainous areas of central and northern my country.

[0061] (3) The planting method of the present invention ultimately forms a chestnut-Polygonatum forestry complex ecosystem. The seedling emergence rate of Polygonatum is over 85%, the seedling survival rate is over 90%, and the biological coverage of the chestnut-Polygonatum forestry complex ecosystem is over 98%. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the ecological planting technology method for Polygonatum sibiricum under chestnut forests according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 These are photographs illustrating step S1, the harvesting of Polygonatum seeds, in the planting method of this invention.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the Polygonatum fruit undergoing pre-cooling treatment in step S3 of the planting method of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a photograph of step S5 of the planting method of the present invention, during the freeze-germination treatment of Polygonatum odoratum.

[0066] Figure 5 This is a photograph of step S8 of the planting method of the present invention, when the Polygonatum seeds are covered after sowing;

[0067] Figure 6 The planting method of this invention is used to maintain the chestnut forest medicinal ecosystem and ensure good germination of Polygonatum seeds;

[0068] Figure 7 According to the planting technique of this invention, the Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings under chestnut forests emerge uniformly and grow vigorously;

[0069] Figure 8 The planting technology of this invention demonstrates the health status of the chestnut-Polygonatum complex ecosystem, forming a typical chestnut forest + understory Polygonatum ecosystem. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The present invention will be further described in detail below through preferred embodiments and examples. Through these descriptions, the features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and more apparent.

[0071] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0072] This invention provides a technique for cultivating Polygonatum sibiricum under chestnut forests, specifically an ecological cultivation method for Polygonatum sibiricum under chestnut forests. The method mainly includes: harvesting and freezing Polygonatum sibiricum seeds; maintaining the chestnut forest-medicinal plant ecosystem; collecting and crushing chestnut involucre (Aralia elata) husks; germination and sowing of Polygonatum sibiricum (shallow sowing of Polygonatum sibiricum in the upper layer of the chestnut rhizosphere in autumn); covering with involucre powder-protecting substrate; and field management, including using biological agents to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0073] The following is a detailed description using specific examples.

[0074] Example:

[0075] Harvesting and freezing of Polygonatum seeds:

[0076] In this invention, the harvesting and freezing treatment of Polygonatum seeds includes the following steps S1-S3:

[0077] S1, Polygonatum sibiricum seed collection.

[0078] When the fruit of *Polygonatum sibiricum* turns brown or dark brown in late August to early September, select robust plants with thick, whorled leaves, sturdy and upright stems, stems with 3-4 nodes larger than 0.8 cm in diameter, an average internode length of 5-8 cm, fewer than 13 nodes, and plump fruits selected from nodes 4-9. Figure 2 As shown. Remove impurities such as fruit stalks, withered leaves, branches, and sand, and pass through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0079] In this invention, seeds are collected from the natural wild environment of the authentic producing area, the seed garden of Polygonatum, the scion orchard of Polygonatum, or the germplasm resource garden of Polygonatum. The key is to select seeds with strong photosynthetic capacity, thick and upright stems, short internodes, and shoots that are not lodging or climbing, so as to improve the rational distribution of photosynthetic parts in the population structure, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the population, and facilitate field management. At the same time, it is important to prevent the offspring of Polygonatum from spreading and twining together, which could lead to an outbreak of two-spotted spider mites and hawthorn spider mites. During the vigorous growth season of Polygonatum from late June to early August, the overlapping and intertwining of branches and leaves of Polygonatum is conducive to spider mites attaching, laying eggs, reproducing, and spinning webs. These webs form fine filaments that connect between plants, leading to the spread and rampant infestation of spider mites. In severe cases, the population density of two-spotted spider mites can reach as high as 1387 per 100 leaves, and the population density of hawthorn spider mites can reach as high as 1983 per 100 leaves. These pest spider mites use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck the sap from the leaves of Polygonatum. Damaged leaves have reduced photosynthetic capacity, which affects the accumulation of biomass in Polygonatum.

[0080] S2, disinfection of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit.

[0081] In this step, the single layer of fruit is spread out and irradiated under ultraviolet light.

[0082] Preferably, the Polygonatum fruits are laid flat on a bamboo mat in a single layer and then disinfected by irradiation with ultraviolet light for a period of several minutes to several hours, preferably 15 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour, and especially preferably 40-50 minutes.

[0083] The inventors discovered that Polygonatum sibiricum is suitable for short-wavelength light. By using ultraviolet lamp irradiation as a physical disinfection method, the pollution caused by common chemical disinfection is avoided, as well as the rapid loss of moisture and rapid accumulation of germination inhibitors caused by exposure to strong light, thus achieving high efficiency, low cost and no pollution.

[0084] S3, Pre-cooling of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit.

[0085] In this step, the Polygonatum fruits are placed in a gauze bag and pre-cooled at a low temperature.

[0086] According to the preferred embodiment, the Polygonatum fruits are stored in a breathable gauze bag with an air humidity of 70-80%.

[0087] According to another preferred embodiment, the pre-cooling temperature should be set above the physiological activity temperature of Polygonatum sibiricum. Therefore, it is preferable to place it in a refrigerator at a temperature range of 5-7.2℃. This pre-cooling temperature is precisely above the physiological activity temperature of Polygonatum sibiricum, thereby promoting nutrient conversion in the fruit, nutrient absorption and storage in the seeds, and increasing the concentration of cell sap in the seeds. Figure 3 As shown. This seed physiological after-ripening process can last 5-20 days, preferably 7-10 days.

[0088] Chestnut forest ecosystem maintenance:

[0089] In this invention, the maintenance of the chestnut forest medicinal ecosystem mainly includes the following steps S4:

[0090] S4. Select chestnut forests, preferably with a canopy closure of 0.45-0.83 throughout the growing season. The soil pH should be between 6.2 and 7.0, and the bulk density should be less than 1.1 g / cm³. 3 The soil organic matter content is higher than 1.0% and the humus layer thickness is greater than 1.0cm.

[0091] According to the present invention, before chestnut harvesting, a hand-held follow-up grass shredder is used to cut shrubs and remove weeds, and then crush and return the grass to the field.

[0092] Regarding the environmental selection for ecological planting under Polygonatum forests, hilly or low mountainous areas with a slope of 5-20° are generally chosen, with parent materials such as granite and sandstone. The soil in chestnut forests is slightly acidic and has good availability of soil minerals. Chestnut forests with medium to high canopy closure are selected to avoid photoinhibition of leaves due to strong light. Grass and shrubs are cleared, pulverized, and returned to the field to increase soil organic matter and improve soil aeration without damaging the root system of the understory vegetation. This ensures minimal ecological disturbance during the ecological planting process, prevents a significant increase in the soil erosion modulus of the chestnut forest, and maintains a relatively moist soil condition.

[0093] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, specific protective measures for the chestnut-Polygonatum forest-medicinal herb ecosystem in order to plant Polygonatum under chestnut forests include:

[0094] (1) For areas with a slope of ≥25 degrees and areas with potential landslide risks, use jujube, Acanthopanax senticosus, and Periploca sepium, which have strong soil stabilization and slope protection functions, to protect the slope and mountains, exert the effect of soil and water conservation, and significantly reduce the soil erosion modulus. They are planted in clusters at a density of 2×2-3m, which is equivalent to 100-160 plants / mu.

[0095] (2) Plant Sophora flavescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Dictamnus dasycarpus at the edge of chestnut forest, in sparse sections of chestnut forest, and in chestnut forest gaps to block and prevent pests and diseases. Use double-row planting of 0.25×0.3m to divide the chestnut forest land in both the slope and horizontal directions, presenting relatively independent units of about 4-5 mu each.

[0096] The germination and sowing of Polygonatum, such as the shallow sowing of Polygonatum in the upper layer of chestnut rhizosphere in autumn, mainly includes the following steps S5-S7.

[0097] S5, Polygonatum sibiricum frozen germination treatment:

[0098] Polygonatum seeds have a deep dormancy level, and the chilling requirement to break dormancy differs from that of typical temperate plants. It requires a large chilling requirement and necessitates relatively low treatment temperatures. Figure 4 As shown.

[0099] In this invention, the Utah cooling demand model is used:

[0100]

[0101] Where: Ti≤-6℃, weighting value is 1

[0102] -6℃≤Ti≤-3℃, weighting value is 0.5

[0103] -3℃≤Ti≤7.2℃ Weighted value is 0

[0104] 7.2℃≤Ti≤11.3℃, weighted average value is -0.5

[0105] 11.3℃≤Ti weighting value is -1

[0106] The seeds of Polygonatum sibiricum require 1728 cold temperature units (1CU) to germinate, so the seed bags should be transferred to a freezer at -10 to -15℃ and frozen for 30 to 38 days.

[0107] S6, land preparation before sowing:

[0108] Before sowing, rotary tillage and furrowing should be carried out, with a furrow spacing of 25-30cm and a sowing furrow depth of 5-8cm.

[0109] In this invention, a hand-held self-propelled gasoline two-wheel drive micro-tiller or a multi-functional four-wheel drive micro-tiller is used for ditching, thereby reducing damage to the vegetation layer of chestnut forests and making it suitable for ridge and ditching in mountainous and hilly areas.

[0110] S7, Pre-sowing treatment of Polygonatum seeds:

[0111] In this invention, sulfuric acid is used to soak the Polygonatum seeds, thereby etching the seed coat to a certain extent, which is beneficial for seed aeration and germination.

[0112] Specifically, take out the Polygonatum seeds, place them in a shady place at a natural temperature for 48 hours, soak them in 1N sulfuric acid for 0.5-1 hour, rinse them once with tap water, rub them in a burlap sack, rinse them with tap water to remove the pulp, disinfect them with a 0.3-0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hours, rinse them 3-5 times with clean water, dry them, treat them with arbuscular symbiotic fungi, and sow them under chestnut forests with daytime temperatures of 18-22℃ and nighttime temperatures of 10-12℃, where the canopy closure can reach up to 0.75-0.83 throughout the vigorous growing season, with a sowing rate of 4.5-6.2 kg.

[0113] In this invention, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used in the arbuscular symbiotic fungi are Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Glomus versiforme, with 20 fungal spores attached to each seed, and the adhesive is 4% sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0114] The chestnut involucre (Erigeron brevis) is collected and crushed, then covered with a protective substrate of involucre powder. This mainly includes the following steps S8:

[0115] S8, Polygonatum seeds covered after sowing

[0116] Chestnut involucre (Aralia elata) powder, preferably with a particle size less than 5mm, then mix with 2.8-3.5% water-retaining agent and cover. Irrigate with micro-sprinklers, and irrigate again in late October or early November before the soil freezes. Figure 5 As shown.

[0117] In this invention, chestnut husks are powdered (particle size less than 5 mm) and used as a covering material for Polygonatum seeds. Because it contains polyphenols such as gallic acid and protocatechuic acid (84.57 mg / g) and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol (11.28 mg / g) that resist harmful organisms, it has an inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria such as Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and can provide protection for Polygonatum seeds to reduce biological and chemical hazards.

[0118] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water-retaining agent is mixed into the chestnut bract powder. The humic acid-based water-retaining agent is prepared by solution polymerization using acrylic acid, acrylamide and potassium humate as raw materials. The water absorption ratio of the water-retaining agent is 800-810 g / g, providing a relatively stable moist environment for Polygonatum seeds.

[0119] Field management, including the application of microbial agents and organic fertilizers, weeding, and pest control, mainly includes the following steps S9-14:

[0120] S9, apply microbial agent and organic fertilizer. The microbial agent promotes the fertilizer utilization of total spore powder, and the organic fertilizer plays a nutritional role.

[0121] Specifically, from the end of March to before the Qingming Festival of the following year, apply 45-55 kg / mu of microbial inoculant (500 million CFU / g) and evenly spread 3-3.8 m of decomposed sheep manure. 3 .

[0122] According to the preferred implementation method, root-enriched microbial inoculant, microbial fertilizer (2021) approval number (9457), with effective strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, viable count ≥2 billion / ml, is applied at 1 kg per mu, diluted 200 times with water, and drip-irrigated in the sowing rows. Sheep manure is applied as an organic fertilizer substrate, and chestnut bract powder rich in biological organic carbon applied in advance is used as an auxiliary material. Exogenous Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are used as plant growth promoting bacteria in the ecological cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum. They can influence fertilizer-sensitive microorganisms by recruiting Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Bacillus monotypic bacteria. These microorganisms have a high co-occurrence rate in the rhizosphere microbial interaction network, thereby forming a growth-promoting environment for Polygonatum sibiricum germination under chestnut forest.

[0123] S10, Microbial-derived pesticide control:

[0124] In late April to early May of the following year, a compound microbial agent containing Beauveria bassiana was applied at a dosage of 1L / acre to control underground pests.

[0125] The microbial pesticides used primarily control underground pests such as cutworms, grubs, and wireworms. Preferably, 2 kg of Beauveria bassiana DP powder (20 billion spores / g) produced by Yancheng Shenwei Microbial Strains Technology Co., Ltd. is applied per acre in shallow furrows.

[0126] S11, Weeding

[0127] Weeds were removed manually once before the end of May of the following year.

[0128] S12, repels pests on the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum:

[0129] In mid-to-late June of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum with a compound agent of chestnut flower extract to repel pests.

[0130] Preferably, chestnut flower extract is used to repel pests on the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum. Specifically, fresh chestnut flowers are collected in June, vacuum-packed, and stored at 2°C in the dark. 15 kg of fresh chestnut flower clusters are dried at 60°C for 18 hours, pulverized, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 4 kg of dry powder. Hot water extraction is used at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, an extraction temperature of 80°C, and an extraction time of 150 minutes to obtain a volatile oil aqueous solution (50-120 ml). The residue is dissolved in 58% ethanol, microwaved at 300W, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:28 g / ml, and extracted for 30 minutes. The supernatant is then rotary evaporated to obtain approximately 40-60 g of extract (the active ingredients are ursolic acid, etc.). The two extracts are mixed, 30 kg of water is added, and 4-5 ml of Tween 60 solution is added. This mixture is then sprayed onto the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum, sufficient for an area of ​​1000 m². 2 The main targets of their repulsion are two-spotted spider mites and hawthorn spider mites.

[0131] S13, for the prevention and control of diseases in Polygonatum sibiricum leaves:

[0132] In mid-July of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum with extract of Polygonatum odoratum to prevent piercing-sucking insect pests.

[0133] Preferably, *Ligustrum lucidum* extract is used to control leaf diseases of *Polygonatum sibiricum*. Specifically, 3.5 kg of *Ligustrum lucidum* root bark is weighed, air-dried, pulverized, and placed in a 50°C hot reflux extraction apparatus. Extraction is performed three times, using 40 L of methanol each time, for 8 hours, 4 hours, and 4 hours respectively. After filtration through gauze, the three extracts are combined and concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator at 45°C to obtain 0.5 kg of *Ligustrum lucidum* root bark extract. This extract is then extracted three times with 1.5 L of dichloromethane each time, yielding 100 g of active extract. 50 kg of water is added and stirred thoroughly to obtain a suspension, which is then sprayed onto the leaves of *Polygonatum sibiricum* to meet the requirements of 700-1000 m³. 2 Polygonatum plots for use

[0134] S14, for controlling spider mites:

[0135] In early August of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum with a 0.5% matrine solution diluted 1200 times to control spider mites. Be careful to spray the solution on the underside of the leaves to prevent spider mites from piercing and sucking the plant sap, which would eventually lead to dehydration and necrosis of the leaf mesophyll cells. During the spraying process, if fine pale spots appear on the leaf surface or where spider mites spin webs, increase the amount of spraying.

[0136] By planting using the methods described above, this invention ultimately forms and maintains a chestnut-Polygonatum forestry complex ecosystem, with the following technical effects:

[0137] In August of the following year, statistics showed that the germination rate of Polygonatum sibiricum seeds in the chestnut forest medicinal ecosystem was over 85%. Figure 6 As shown, the seeds of Polygonatum sibiricum are germinating well, with a high germination rate.

[0138] Before chestnuts ripen in mid-September, the survival rate of Polygonatum seedlings will be assessed. Figure 7 As shown, the Polygonatum seedlings under the chestnut forest emerge uniformly and grow vigorously. The volatiles of the chestnut inflorescence repel pests and diseases. The seedlings emerge uniformly, grow well, and have a survival rate of over 90%.

[0139] In late September, the biomass cover of chestnut forests was surveyed, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the health status of the chestnut-Polygonatum complex ecosystem is displayed, with a biodiversity coverage of over 98%.

[0140] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological cultivation of Polygonatum under chestnut forests, mainly including: The processes include: harvesting and freezing of Polygonatum seeds; chestnut forest tending and ecosystem maintenance; collection and crushing of chestnut involucres; germination and sowing of Polygonatum; protective substrate mulching with involucre powder; and field management, including the use of microbial agents to promote the fertilizer utilization of involucre powder. The harvesting and freezing treatment of Polygonatum seeds includes steps S1-S3: S1, Polygonatum sibiricum seed collection S2, disinfection of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit. S3, Pre-cooling of Polygonatum sibiricum fruit In step S1, when the fruit peel of Polygonatum turns brown or dark brown in late August to early September of the same year, select vigorous plants with thick whorled leaves, sturdy and upright stems, stems with 3-4 nodes having a diameter greater than 0.8 cm, an average internode length of 5-8 cm, and fewer than 13 nodes. Harvest the plants with plump fruits at the 4th-9th nodes, remove fruit stalks, withered leaves, branch segments, and sand impurities, and pass the fruit through a 20-mesh sieve. In step S2, the Polygonatum fruits are spread out in a single layer and then disinfected by ultraviolet light for 15 minutes to 2 hours. In step S3, the Polygonatum fruits are placed in gauze bags and pre-cooled at a low temperature. The pre-cooling temperature is set above the physiological activity temperature of Polygonatum, within the range of 5-7.2℃, with an air humidity of 70-80%. The physiological after-ripening process of the seeds lasts for 5-20 days. The chestnut forest tending and ecosystem maintenance mainly includes step S4: S4, Select chestnut forest; Sprouting and sowing of Polygonatum sibiricum, mainly including steps S5-S7. S5, Polygonatum sibiricum seed germination treatment: Place the seed bags in a freezer at -10 to -15°C for 30-38 days. S6. Land preparation before sowing: Before sowing, rotary tillage and furrowing should be carried out, with a furrow spacing of 25-30cm and a furrow depth of 5-8cm. S7, Pre-sowing treatment of Polygonatum seeds: Soak Polygonatum seeds in sulfuric acid. The chestnut involucre is collected and crushed, and then covered with a protective substrate containing involucre powder. This mainly includes step S8: S8, Covering after sowing Polygonatum seeds: Powder the chestnut husks, then mix in 2.8-3.5% water-retaining agent and cover with the powder. Irrigate using a micro-sprinkler system. Irrigate again in late October or early November before the soil freezes. The water-retaining agent is prepared by solution polymerization using acrylic acid, acrylamide, and potassium humate as raw materials. The water absorption ratio of the water-retaining agent is 800-810 g / g. Field management mainly includes steps S9-14: S9, apply microbial inoculants and organic fertilizer. S10, Microbial-derived pesticide control: In late April to early May of the following year, apply a compound microbial agent containing Beauveria bassiana at a dosage of 1L / acre to control underground pests. S11, weeding: Weeding should be done manually once before the end of May of the following year. S12, repels pests on the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum: In mid-to-late June of the following year, spray the leaves of the Polygonatum odoratum with a compound agent of chestnut flower extract to repel pests. S13, for the prevention and control of diseases in Polygonatum sibiricum leaves: In mid-July of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum odoratum with an extract of Salix babylonica to control piercing-sucking insects. S14, for controlling spider mites: In early August of the following year, spray the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum with a 0.5% matrine aqueous solution diluted 1200 times to mainly control spider mites.

2. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the duration is 40-50 minutes. In step S3, the physiological after-ripening process of the seeds lasts for 7-10 days.

3. The planting method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S8, the chestnut husks are ground into powder with a particle size of less than 5 mm.

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