Cane planting method suitable for purple clay soil

Abstract

The application relates to a sugarcane planting method suitable for purple mud soil, which comprises the following steps: arranging and applying base fertilizer to selected purple mud soil, wherein the base fertilizer comprises sulfite method sugarcane sugar-making mud bio-organic fertilizer containing compound Paecilomyces lilacinus microbial agent, chicken manure and wood ash; selecting sugarcane seeds according to the purple mud soil; treating and planting the selected sugarcane seeds; field management of the planted sugarcane in the purple mud soil, wherein the field management comprises water and fertilizer integrated irrigation management; weeding and soil cultivation during the growth of the sugarcane; harvesting the mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is two crops per year, and the second mature sugarcane is the sugarcane root after the first harvesting after cultivation. The technical scheme of the application effectively solves the problem of poor yield of the existing technology in the purple mud soil planting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of planting sugarcane in purple mud soil, in particular to a sugarcane planting method suitable for purple mud soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] The purple mud soil area is located south of the Tropic of Cancer and belongs to a subtropical monsoon climate zone, which is warm and humid, with abundant rainfall and long summer and short winter. The average annual temperature is about 21 DEG C, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.7 DEG C, and the extreme minimum temperature is -3.4 DEG C. There is more rainfall in spring and summer, and it is relatively dry in autumn and winter. From April to September, the area is affected by weather systems such as high-level trough, shear line, front, low vortex and tropical cyclone, which is the peak period of precipitation, and the precipitation accounts for nearly 80% of the total annual precipitation. The average annual rainfall is about 1500 mm, and the rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the year. From April to August, the rainfall accounts for about 75% of the annual rainfall, and from September to the following March, the rainfall accounts for about 25% of the annual rainfall.

[0003] Soil refers to the loose surface layer on the earth land that can grow plants, and is an integral component of land. Soil is formed and developed under the joint action of various soil-forming factors, and is a historical natural body. Cultivated soil is also deeply affected by human action. Due to the complexity of natural conditions and human action, the diversity of soil types and the corresponding distribution law are determined. According to the provisions of the classification system of the second national soil survey, combined with the actual situation and survey results of the second soil survey of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the soil of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is divided into 18 soil classes, 34 sub-classes, 109 soil families and 327 soil species. The main soil types in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are laterite, red soil, red soil and purple soil.

[0004] Purple soil is a soil developed from purple rock, which is a primary soil with obvious parent material characteristics and not obvious soil formation process. It is mainly distributed in southeast, south and northeast of Guangxi and the south bank of Youjiang River and Nanning Basin where purple rock is distributed. There are 884,800 hectares of purple soil in the whole region, of which 853,100 hectares are forest and wasteland, and 31,700 hectares are dry land. The natural vegetation on the purple soil is loose, and there are few forest trees, so the role of biological factors is weak. The soil is purple, red-purple, brown-purple or dark purple, the soil layer is thin, the mineral nutrients are generally rich, the fertility is good, the soil texture varies widely, and there are sandy soil and clay soil, but mainly loam soil; the soil reaction is from strong acid to lime, mainly acidic. Purple soil is generally distributed in low hills and gentle slopes, and has weak resistance to corrosion, shallow soil layer, little water storage and small permeability, which can cause serious soil erosion. The erosion area of the purple rock area in the whole region is 149,800 hectares, accounting for 8.19% of the total area of the purple rock. The purple soil lacks organic matter and has poor water retention, so crops are often drought, but good harvest can be obtained by establishing orchards, planting sugarcane, peanuts, corn and various fruits.

[0005] The soil parent material of the soil is purple sandy shale weathering product. The soil has been cultivated and utilized as dry land soil, and the profile is A11-C type. The soil body thickness is 80-100 cm. The A layer is gray red, and the C layer is mainly turbid orange. The profile texture is clay loam to loamy clay; pH is 6.5-7.5, neutral; cation exchange capacity is 7-13 me / 100 g of soil. According to the statistical results of the nutrient analysis of the A layer (n=9), the organic matter content is 2.06%, total nitrogen is 0.118%, total phosphorus is 0.059%, total potassium is 1.77%, available phosphorus is 7.8 ppm, and available potassium is 112 ppm. A11 layer: 0-17 cm, gray red (dry, 2.5YR6 / 2), loamy clay, blocky structure, loose, parent rock debris content is about 10%, bulk density is 1.12 g / cm3, and root system is abundant. C1 layer: 17-60 cm, turbid orange (dry, 5YR6 / 3), loamy clay, core block structure, compact, a small amount of dark purple gray gel film, bulk density is 1.20 g / cm3. C2 layer: 60-100 cm, turbid orange (dry, 5YR6 / 3), loamy clay, core block structure, compact, parent rock debris content is about 30%, bulk density is 1.52 g / cm3. The soil is neutral, has moderate texture, good permeability, good tillage, rich in phosphorus and potassium, nutrients are quickly decomposed, and the fertilizer supply is stable, has wide adaptability, and crops such as corn, peanuts and sugarcane grow well. However, the organic matter is low, and the soil is easily eroded after reclamation, causing water and soil loss. SUMMARY

[0006] The application provides a sugarcane planting method suitable for purple mud soil to solve the problem of poor yield in the prior art.

[0007] According to the sugarcane planting method suitable for purple mud soil, the selected purple mud soil is arranged and base fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer includes sulfite method sugarcane sugar mud bio-organic fertilizer containing compound paecilomyces lilacinus agent, chicken manure and wood ash; the selected sugarcane seed is selected according to the purple mud soil; the selected sugarcane seed is treated and planted; the sugarcane planted in the purple mud soil is managed in the field, the field management includes water and fertilizer integrated irrigation management; weeding and ploughing are carried out during the growth of the sugarcane; the mature sugarcane is harvested; the sugarcane is one-year two-crop, and the second mature sugarcane is the sugarcane root after the first harvest.

[0008] Further, the soil is deep ploughed to 45-55 cm, the planting row spacing adopts the mode of wide and narrow rows 0.3-0.4 m+1.3 m, the ditch width is 65-75 cm, and the depth is 40-50 cm.

[0009] Further, when planting sugarcane, first, the sugarcane seedling is cut into double bud segments, and soaked in 55-57℃ warm water for 20 minutes for detoxification treatment. After soaking, first spray cold water to cool down to ambient temperature as soon as possible, and then spray 0.02%-0.03% ethylene and 0.01%-0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the surface of the seedling, which can promote the growth of the sugarcane seedling.

[0010] Further, the double bud segment sugarcane seedling is sowed in the planting ditch, and covered with 4-6cm of crushed soil and mulch.

[0011] Further, fertilization during the seedling stage to the tillering stage: during the 3-leaf stage of the sugarcane seedling, the 5-8 leaf stage of the sugarcane seedling, the first node and the third node of the sugarcane, the high-pressure spray gun of the sprinkler system is used to spray water and fertilizer to the field, the amount of fertilizer is 200-300kg / acre of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, and the fermentation liquid EC=2-2.5ms.

[0012] Further, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of water and fertilizer during the seedling stage to the tillering stage is 4:1:2.

[0013] Further, fertilization during the node stage to the mature stage: regular fertilization is performed according to the seedling condition during the node stage, the fertilization method is to use the high-pressure spray gun of the sprinkler system to spray water and fertilizer to the field, the fertilization interval is about 10 days, the amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1.6-2t / acre of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, and the fermentation liquid EC=3-3.5ms, at this time, in addition to livestock and poultry manure, 5‰ palm ash and 4‰ mineral source fulvic acid are additionally added to the substrate for fermentation, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of water and fertilizer during this stage is (3-2):1:2.

[0014] Further, fertilization during the mature stage: the high-pressure spray gun of the sprinkler device is also used to spray water and fertilizer to the field, the fertilization interval is about 20 days, the amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1-1.8t / acre of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, and the fermentation liquid EC=3.5-4ms, at this time, in addition to livestock and poultry manure, 1‰ palm ash, 3-8‰ organic chelated calcium, 0.5-1% superphosphate and 8‰ mineral source fulvic acid are additionally added to the substrate for fermentation, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of water and fertilizer during this stage is 1:1:2.

[0015] Further, the cutting height qualified rate is required to be ≥95%, the ratoon breaking rate is ≤10%, the sugarcane segment qualified rate is >90%, the stubble height is ≤20mm, and the total loss rate is ≤5%. Mechanical harvesting should be performed under the condition of no rain and dry soil.

[0016] Further, ratoon management and maintenance: the ratoon land standard is 5000 effective stems / acre or more, and the mechanical harvesting damage rate is less than 10%.

[0017] The technical scheme of the present application can change the one-crop per year of sugar cane seed of the purple soil into a two-crop per year planting mode according to the soil characteristics of the purple soil, scientific seed selection, planting and field management, etc., so that the yield of sugar cane seed is greatly improved. The technical scheme of the present application effectively solves the problem of low yield of sugar cane planting of the purple soil in the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0020] The present embodiment selects Gui sugar 49 plant straight, middle stem, average stem diameter 2.58 cm, cane stem uniform, internode cylindrical, stem light shielding part is yellowish green, exposure part is purple, has black wax powder, bud groove is shallow, no growth crack and cork spot, no aerial root. Bud round type, bud body is small, lower flat leaf mark, upper growth band, bud wing is small, root point yellow, 2-3 rows, irregular arrangement. Leaf blade straight, leaf color dark green, leaf tip bend. Leaf sheath light purple, easy to lose leaf, young leaf sheath has a small amount of 57th hair group, but the hair group is soft, and the hair group is easy to fall off when the leaf blade is mature. Inner leaf ear is short needle type, and outer leaf ear is transition type. Early maturity, high yield and high sugar, strong ratoon, resistance to lodging, medium resistance to smut. Sugar cane seed storage, germination rate and emergence rate are high, tillering rate and tillering rate are high. In 2013-2014, the regional test of sugarcane varieties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was carried out for two years, and the ratoon test was carried out for one year. The average yield of sugarcane per mu was 6916 kg, which was 8.91% higher than that of the control new taiwan sugar 22, of which the new planting increased by 7.0%, and the ratoon increased by 11.16%; The average sugar content per mu was 1013.9 kg, which was 12.47% higher than that of the control new taiwan sugar 22. From November to February of next year, the average sugar content of sugarcane was 14.45%, which was 0.53 percentage points higher than that of the control. In 2014, the average yield of sugarcane per mu was 7055 kg, which was 9.62% higher than that of the control new taiwan sugar 22. The key points of cultivation technology are as follows: 1. It is suitable to be planted in soil with loose, medium and above medium fertility. 2. The number of live buds per mu is 6000. The row spacing is 1.1-1.2 m. The sowing width is 10-20 cm. The number of effective stems per mu is controlled at about 5300. The tillering ability is strong, and the stem rate is high. The cane should be planted properly to increase the stem diameter to improve the resistance to lodging. 3. Apply enough base fertilizer, more organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, early topdressing, early management, appropriate early cultivation, high cultivation to control the late ineffective tillering and prevent sugarcane lodging. 4. Ratoon sugarcane should be applied early. 5. Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases, pests, weeds and rodents during growth. Matters needing attention: strong tillering, when the planting density is too large, the cane is medium and small, and the typhoon leads to lodging.

[0021] The growth cycle of sugarcane is divided into five stages: germination period, seedling period, tillering period, elongation period and maturation period.

[0022] Germination period: from sowing to the emergence of sugarcane buds. Because the climate environment is different, the specific growth days are also different.

[0023] Seedling period: from the emergence of true leaves to the emergence of 6-7 true leaves. At this time, the number of leaves will increase, the area of leaves will increase, and the underground will appear seedling roots. The absorption capacity at this time is stronger.

[0024] Tillering period: from the 6th and 7th true leaves to the 12th-13th true leaves of the main seedling. At this time, the nutrient growth is vigorous, the seedling roots and leaf growth are fast, and the tillering occurs in large quantities. This is the key period to determine the number of effective stems.

[0025] elongation period: when the sugarcane grows 12, 13 true leaves to the base internode begins to elongate, the process. At this time, the growth rate of sugarcane is very fast, the area of the leaf will be quickly expanded, the internode will gradually elongate and thicken, this stage is the most vigorous stage of sugarcane growth, and the water and fertilizer requirement is also the highest.

[0026] mature period: the mature period is divided into biological mature period and technological mature period. The biological mature period refers to the stage of heading, flowering and normal seed setting. The technological mature period refers to the stage when the amount and purity of sucrose accumulated in the stem of sugarcane reaches the required standard at the beginning of the opening and the highest period.

[0027] Sugarcane requires a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is difficult to meet in general soil, so it is necessary to supplement these elements to the soil. Therefore, these three elements are commonly referred to as the three elements of sugarcane fertilizer. Generally speaking, sugarcane requires more potassium than nitrogen, and more nitrogen than phosphorus. According to the measurement, sugarcane needs to absorb 2.04 grams of nitrogen, 1.3 kilograms of phosphorus and 2.4 kilograms of potassium per ton of raw material.

[0028] The absorption of the three elements by sugarcane at different growth stages is different, and the general trend is that the absorption of fertilizer is less in the early and late growth stages, and the absorption of fertilizer is large in the middle stage. For example, during the germination period, the seedling mainly relies on the nutrients stored in the seedling itself, and does not need to absorb fertilizer from the outside world. Until the seedling stage, the roots and leaves of the seedling grow continuously, the need for fertilizer is urgent and the absorption of fertilizer is small, among which nitrogen is more than phosphorus and potassium. In the tillering stage, sugarcane continuously increases and clusters, the need for fertilizer gradually increases, and the absorption of the three elements accounts for 10% to 20% of the total absorption. In the elongation period, due to the rapid growth of roots, stems and leaves, a large amount of assimilation products are formed, so the absorption of the three elements is greatly increased, accounting for more than half of the total absorption. Later, due to the gradual decrease of air temperature and the early weather, the growth of sugarcane gradually slows down or stops, and the internal accumulation of sucrose in the cane reaches a peak, that is, it enters the technological mature period. At this stage, the need for fertilizer is reduced, and a large part of the three elements required for normal growth is absorbed in the early and middle stages, and is transferred from the withered leaves in the middle and late stages to supply nutrients to fresh leaves, tips and stems. Therefore, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to sugarcane should be emphasized, and the reasonable fertilization method of applying sufficient base fertilizer and timely topdressing should be adopted.

[0029] The influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield of sugarcane:

[0030] (1) Nitrogen has a certain role in promoting the tillering, growth rate, number of living stems and stem weight of sugarcane, and as long as the fertilization technique is emphasized, a significant yield increase can generally be obtained. According to research, each kilogram of nitrogen can increase the yield of cane by 70-250 kg. However, the yield increase does not increase linearly with the amount of fertilizer, and when the amount of fertilizer is increased to a certain level, the yield will no longer increase, but will instead decrease. In particular, when nitrogen is applied in an unbalanced manner, the proportion of nutrients is unbalanced, the photosynthetic intensity is reduced, the resistance is decreased, and the crop is more susceptible to disease and pests and lodging, resulting in a decrease in yield, and even a decrease in sugar content.

[0031] (2) Phosphorus has a role in promoting root development, seedling growth and tillering, but the yield increase from applying phosphorus fertilizer varies depending on the soil type. In general, the yield increase from applying phosphorus fertilizer is more significant in red soil sugarcane areas, lateritic red soil sugarcane areas and red soil sugarcane areas, and can increase the yield of cane by 5.4-187.2% compared to not applying phosphorus fertilizer, which is equivalent to an increase of 18.6-266.0 kg of cane per kilogram of phosphorus. When the supply of phosphorus is insufficient, the growth of sugarcane can be slightly affected, but the yield will not decrease significantly unless the deficiency is severe. If phosphorus is applied in excess, the roots of the sugarcane can develop excessively, the proportion of aboveground and underground parts is unbalanced, and the yield can decrease. Therefore, it is important to apply phosphorus fertilizer in a reasonable manner according to the local conditions in order to achieve high yields of sugarcane.

[0032] (3) Potassium plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of sugarcane, can promote the development of mechanical tissue in the plant, increase the resistance, and can also coordinate nitrogen to make the growth of sugarcane healthy. Therefore, the application of potassium fertilizer can generally increase the yield of sugarcane, and each kilogram of potassium can increase the yield of cane by 27.3-162.8 kg. The size of the yield increase varies depending on the soil type. Sugarcane prefers potassium, and the amount of potassium absorbed is often more than the amount needed. Abnormal growth and yield reduction caused by excessive application of potassium have not been observed.

[0033] Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also have a certain influence on the sugar content and juice quality of sugarcane, and the degree of influence varies depending on the type, amount and method of application of the elements.

[0034] Nitrogen has a very significant influence on the quality of sugarcane, and reasonable application of nitrogen can promote photosynthesis in the leaves and elongation and thickening of the cane, thereby facilitating the formation and storage of sucrose and increasing the sugar content. However, if nitrogen is applied in an unbalanced manner, in excess or too late, although the elongation of the vegetative growth can increase the yield of cane, the sugar content and juice purity will often decrease. This is mainly due to the fact that excessive nitrogen is converted into nitrogen-containing compounds such as amides, amino acids and proteins in the plant, and the accumulated sucrose is consumed. If the nitrogen nutrition is appropriately controlled during the late growth period (5-6 months before harvesting), the sugar content of the cane will not decrease.

[0035] Although phosphorus participates in the formation and accumulation of sucrose, its impact on the sucrose content and juice purity of sugarcane is not as great as that of nitrogen and potassium. When nitrogen is applied, applying phosphorus can adjust the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in sugarcane leaf sheaths and juice to maintain a suitable level, which is conducive to increasing the sucrose content of sugarcane stalks.

[0036] Potassium is not a constituent element of sugarcane tissue, but it plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and the transport of photosynthetic products. Applying potassium fertilizer promotes sugarcane ripening and increases the sucrose content in sugarcane stalks and the purity of sugarcane juice. Especially when nitrogen application is high, increasing potassium fertilizer application is even more important for improving sucrose content and quality.

[0037] This embodiment describes a sugarcane planting method suitable for purple clay soil, comprising: preparing the selected purple clay soil land and applying base fertilizer, the base fertilizer including sulfite-process sugarcane sludge bio-organic fertilizer containing compound Paecilomyces lilacinus agent, chicken manure, and wood ash; selecting sugarcane varieties for the purple clay soil land; treating and planting the selected sugarcane varieties; conducting field management of the sugarcane planted in the purple clay soil land, including integrated water and fertilizer irrigation management; weeding and hilling during the sugarcane growth period; harvesting the mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is harvested twice a year, the second mature sugarcane being the sugarcane roots cultivated and grown after the first harvest.

[0038] By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, and taking into account the soil characteristics of purple clay soil, a complete process including scientific seed selection, planting, and field management can be implemented to change the existing single-crop-per-year sugarcane planting method in purple clay soil to a double-crop-per-year method, thus greatly increasing the yield of sugarcane. The technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of low sugarcane yield in existing purple clay soil cultivation techniques.

[0039] The preparation of purple clay soil includes: adjusting pH value, deep loosening and deep plowing, land preparation and ditching.

[0040] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the soil is deeply loosened and tilled to 45-55cm, the planting row spacing adopts a pattern of 0.3-0.4m + 1.3m wide and narrow rows, the trench width is 65-75cm, and the depth is 40-50cm.

[0041] In the technical solution of this embodiment, when planting sugarcane, firstly, the sugarcane seed stalk is cut into double-bud segments and soaked in warm water at 55-57℃ for 20 minutes for detoxification treatment. After soaking, cold water is sprayed on it to cool it down to the ambient temperature as soon as possible. Then, a solution containing 0.02%-0.03% ethephon and 0.01%-0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the surface of the seed stalk to promote the growth of sugarcane seed stalk.

[0042] In the technical solution of this embodiment, double-bud sugarcane seed stalks are sown in the planting trench and covered with 4-6 cm of broken soil and mulch.

[0043] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, water and fertilizer is applied during the seedling stage to the tillering stage: at the age of 3 leaves of the cane seedlings, at the age of 5-8 leaves of the cane seedlings, at the first node and the third node of the cane, high-pressure spray guns of the sprinkler system are used to spray the water and fertilizer to the field, the amount of fertilizer used is 200-300 kg / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, and the EC of the fermentation liquid is 2-2.5 ms.

[0044] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer applied during the seedling stage to the tillering stage is 4:1:2.

[0045] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the fertilizer is applied during the node stage to the mature stage, regular fertilization is performed according to the seedling condition, the fertilization method is to use high-pressure spray guns of the sprinkler system to spray the water and fertilizer to the field, the fertilization interval is about 10 days, the amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1.6-2 t / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, the EC of the fermentation liquid is 3-3.5 ms, at this time, in addition to livestock and poultry manure, 5‰ palm ash and 4‰ mineral fulvic acid are additionally added to the substrate for fermentation, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer during this stage is (3-2):1:2.

[0046] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the fertilizer is applied during the mature stage: the water and fertilizer is also sprayed to the field by using high-pressure spray guns of the sprinkler device, the fertilization interval is about 20 days, the amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1-1.8 t / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, the EC of the fermentation liquid is 3.5-4 ms, at this time, in addition to livestock and poultry manure, 1‰ palm ash, 3-8‰ organic chelated calcium, 0.5-1% superphosphate and 8‰ mineral fulvic acid are additionally added to the substrate for fermentation, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer during this stage is 1:1:2.

[0047] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the qualified rate of cutting height is required to be ≥95%, the root breaking rate is required to be ≤10%, the qualified rate of cane segment is required to be >90%, the stubble height is required to be ≤20 mm, and the total loss rate is required to be ≤5%. The mechanical harvesting should be performed under the condition that there is no rain and the soil is not wet.

[0048] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the root management and maintenance: the standard of root retention is that the effective stems are more than 5000 per mu, and the damage rate of mechanical harvesting is less than 10%.

[0049] The sugar cane variety should have the characteristics of high tillering rate, high tillering stem rate, early maturity and strong ratooning property.

[0050] The farmland soil type is purple soil, and the farmland is a management unit with an area of 250 mu. Each management unit is provided with an intelligent field management system, including a water storage tank, a livestock and poultry manure fermentation tank (840 m3 or more), a liquid delivery pump, a photovoltaic power generation system (used to supply power required by the pump, the sprinkler system and part of the agricultural machinery) with an area of 1-2 mu, 30-35 sets of sprinkler devices and an agricultural supervision and detection system (including a soil sensor and an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing system).

[0051] The sprinkling irrigation system is connected with the livestock and poultry manure fermentation tank through a pipeline and a liquid delivery pump, and is operated by a high-pressure spray gun (with an automatic electromagnetic valve). The pipeline is made of three types of polypropylene (PPR) material and is buried at a depth of ≥1.8 m. The liquid delivery pump is a centrifugal pump with a power of ≥22.5 kW. The 250 mu management unit can be further divided into 30 water and fertilizer management sub-units with a radius of 40 m of the sprinkling irrigation device, so as to facilitate the fine management of water and fertilizer. The high-pressure spray gun is required to operate 2-4 simultaneously.

[0052] The planting method comprises the following steps:

[0053] Step one, land preparation and ditching: first, considering the characteristics of the purple soil in the region, such as low organic matter content, easy erosion after reclamation, and water and soil loss, the no-tillage and deep ripping technology is used for protective cultivation. The surface layer of the purple soil is soft, and the deep layer is relatively compact. The soil is deep-ripped to 45-55 cm by using a deep-ripping ditching machine, so as to achieve the purpose of not disturbing the soil structure, loosening the soil, breaking the plough pan, improving the structure of the plough layer, and enhancing the water storage and anti-drought and drainage capacity of the soil. At the same time, the planting ditch is opened, and the planting row spacing is 0.3-0.4 m + 1.3 m, the ditch width is 65-75 cm, and the depth is 40-50 cm. Then, base fertilizer is applied to the planting ditch. Specifically, 0.8-2 tons of sulfite method sugarcane sugar filtration mud bio-organic fertilizer (referred to as sulfite method filtration mud organic fertilizer) containing compound Isaria fumosorosea agent (containing 0.2%-1% abamectin), 50-200 kg of chicken manure after composting, and 50-100 kg of wood ash are applied per mu. Finally, a layer of crushed soil is covered on the surface of the base fertilizer to prevent the high concentration of fertilizer from burning the roots and buds of the plants. The sulfite method filtration mud organic fertilizer has high organic matter content, rich in trace elements and microorganisms, which helps to promote the formation of large aggregate structure of the soil, improve the physical structure of the soil, and reduce the loss of water and soil and nutrients.

[0054] Step two, sugarcane seeding (completed in August): first, the sugarcane seedlings are cut into double-bud sections and soaked in 55-57℃ warm water for 20 minutes for detoxification treatment. After soaking, the seedlings are first sprayed with cold water to cool down to the ambient temperature as soon as possible, and then sprayed with a solution containing 0.02%-0.03% ethylene and 0.01%-0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the surface of the seedlings, which can promote the growth of the sugarcane seedlings. Then, the double-bud section sugarcane seedlings are seeded in the planting ditch (5000-5500 buds per mu), and covered with 4-6 cm of crushed soil and mulch. The mulch can reduce water evaporation and prevent nutrient loss caused by heavy rain in the summer in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The effective stems need to reach more than 5000 plants per mu, and timely reseeding is needed if the target is not met.

[0055] Step three, water and fertilizer management: (1) Fertilization from seedling stage to tillering stage. At 3 leaf stage, 5-8 leaf stage, first node and third node of sugarcane, use high-pressure spray gun of sprinkler system to spray water and fertilizer to the field. The amount of fertilizer is 200-300 kg / acre of livestock manure (mainly pig manure and chicken manure) fermentation liquor, and the EC of fermentation liquor is 2-2.5 ms. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer at this stage is 4:1:2. The higher nitrogen content in water and fertilizer can improve the tillering rate and tillering rate of sugarcane. In addition, 0.02%-0.03% of ethylene and 0.01%-0.02% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed 1-2 times during the tillering stage. Cultivation and spacing can be used to ensure that each sugarcane seedling tillers 5-10 seedlings. (2) Fertilization from jointing stage to maturity. After the fourth fertilization, regular fertilization is carried out according to the plant condition (about 1.5 m in height). The fertilization method is to use high-pressure spray gun of sprinkler system to spray water and fertilizer to the field, and the fertilization interval is about 10 days. The amount of fertilizer used at this stage is 1.6-2 t / acre of livestock manure fermentation liquor (containing 1%-5% of compound seaweed amino acid liquid fertilizer), and the EC of fermentation liquor is 3-3.5 ms. At this time, in addition to livestock manure, 5‰ palm ash and 4‰ mineral fulvic acid are added to the substrate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer at this stage is (3-2):1:2. The nitrogen content in water and fertilizer gradually decreases at the end of the jointing stage to avoid affecting the sugar accumulation of sugarcane. (3) Fertilization at maturity: Similarly, use high-pressure spray gun of sprinkler system to spray water and fertilizer to the field, and the fertilization interval is about 20 days. The amount of fertilizer used at this stage is 1-1.8 t / acre of livestock manure fermentation liquor (containing 1%-5% of compound seaweed amino acid liquid fertilizer), and the EC of fermentation liquor is 3.5-4 ms. At this time, in addition to livestock manure, 1‰ palm ash, 3-8‰ organic chelated calcium, 0.5-1% superphosphate and 8‰ mineral fulvic acid are added to the substrate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer at this stage is 1:1:2. The purpose of increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer at the maturity stage is to promote the maturity of sugarcane, improve the sugar content of sugarcane and the purity of sugarcane juice, etc. Water and fertilizer are stopped one month before harvesting.

[0056] During the growth of sugarcane, the interval of water and fertilizer application is determined according to the data of soil moisture sensor in the agricultural supervision and detection system, that is, the soil water content needs to be maintained between 65%-75%. When the rainfall is small or large, the concentration of water and fertilizer should be adjusted according to the fertilizer requirement at different stages. In addition, the estimated value of chlorophyll content of sugarcane is obtained from the spectral analysis data obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (2 days of patrol flight once) in the agricultural supervision and detection system, to judge the growth of sugarcane, and adjust the amount and ratio of fertilizer, and whether there is a phenomenon of local fertilizer deficiency.

[0057] Step four, weeding and cultivation: 3-5 days after the fourth fertilization of sugarcane, cultivate and till the soil, and apply sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer. Mix the sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer with the soil, and the amount of sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer per mu is about 100-250 kg. The cultivation height is 15-25 cm. The soil should be finely broken, and the soil should fill the root of the sugarcane. There should be no depression between the plants on the ridge. The machine should not damage the plants, press the plants, or bury the plants. 3 days after the cultivation and tillage operation, weed and close the area. Use a spraying device to spray pesticides to avoid contact with the leaves and growth points of the sugarcane.

[0058] Step five, sugarcane harvesting (before February of the next year): 20-30 days before harvesting (late December to early January of the next year), spray a solution containing 0.02%-0.03% glyphosate and 0.01%-0.04% boric acid. This can achieve the effect of ripening and increasing sugar content under the condition of inhibiting the growth of sugarcane, with an increase of 1-1.5% in sugar content. The harvesting standard for sugarcane is that the sugar content is ≥12.5%, and the gravity purity of sugarcane juice is ≥80%, meeting the national standard GB / T 10498-2010 "Sugar Cane". The harvesting sequence is: step-by-step mechanical harvesting should be selected for planting areas with contiguous plots and flat slopes. The steps for distributed mechanical harvesting are whole stalk cutting, field transportation, cutting and impurity removal (separation of sugarcane leaves and recovery of sugarcane leaves), and transportation back to the factory. Mechanical harvesting should start with the harvesting of sugarcane at the head of the field, leaving space for the mechanical turning. The harvester and field transport vehicle should enter and exit from the head of the field, driving along the rows, not crossing the ridges and furrows to avoid crushing the sugarcane stalks. The harvested sugarcane should be transported to the factory within 24 hours. The cutting height should be ≥95% of the qualified rate; the rate of broken stalks should be ≤10%; the rate of qualified sugarcane segments should be >90%; the stubble height should be ≤20 mm; and the total loss rate should be ≤5%. Mechanical harvesting should be carried out under the condition of no rain and dry soil. A large amount of sugarcane leaves and tails are produced during the harvesting process. After two biological fermentations, they can be converted into high-plant-protein feed for livestock breeding.

[0059] Step six, management and maintenance of the stubble: the standard for stubble retention is 5000 effective stems per mu, with a mechanical harvesting damage rate of less than 10%, and no large area of disease (smut, rust, etc.). When using a stubble cutter and a ridge breaking and stalk loosening machine, the stubble cutter should be inserted into the soil by 5 cm, and the ridge breaking and stalk loosening device should be inserted into the soil by 40 cm. The ridge should be buried within 10 days, and the subsequent work should refer to the new planting sugarcane management mode.

[0060] The application combines automatic monitoring management with new farming methods to invent a sugar cane planting method that can achieve two harvests a year on purple soil. The method builds an intelligent field management system and collects agricultural data (soil moisture, sugar cane chlorophyll content, and average tillering number, etc.) to conduct fine and automated management of sugar cane. By adjusting the formula of microbial strains, the growth needs of sugar cane at different growth stages and conditions are met, and the goal of two harvests a year is achieved. During the planting process, a large amount of livestock waste, sugar cane sugar filter mud, and other organic waste is used as a source of fertilizer, achieving the goal of using fertilizer to treat waste and using fertilizer to cultivate the land. In this field, the current planting mode of one harvest a year and reliance on manual labor makes it difficult to further improve sugar cane yield, and sugar mills have no sugar to press during the off-season, resulting in low economic benefits. The application is advanced in this field and can significantly improve sugar cane yield while ensuring quality.

[0061] Example: A sugar cane machine water and fertilizer standardization base in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[0062] The soil in this area is typical purple soil, and the sugar cane variety used is Gui Tang 49. The base is divided into 250 mu per management unit, which includes 30 sets of spray guns, a 1.2 mu photovoltaic power generation system, an intelligent field management system, and mechanized planting equipment (including combined land preparation machines, land levelers, automatic seeders, and distributed harvesters). That is, 250 mu per module, 7.5 mu per unit, and 30 units; one 30kw and one 20kw pipeline pump, two water cannons with a maximum range of 45M and a Dg50; at the same time, a 660M2 solar photovoltaic system (including energy storage, charging piles, pumps, lighting, light traps, and water and fertilizer fermentation devices) is provided. The water and fertilizer pipeline is buried in each unit. Thick-walled PVC pipes and pipe accessories are used. The main soil physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0063] Table 1 Main soil physical and chemical properties

[0064]

[0065] Land preparation and ditching: First, use a deep ripping and ditching machine to deep rip the soil to 55 cm. At the same time, perform planting ditching with a wide and narrow row pattern of 0.3m+1.3m, a ditch width of 70cm, and a depth of 45cm. Then, apply base fertilizer to the planting ditch. Specifically, apply 2 tons of sulfite method sugar cane sugar filter mud bio-organic fertilizer (referred to as sulfite method filter mud organic fertilizer) containing compound Isaria fumosorosea agent (containing 0.5% abamectin), 180kg of chicken manure after composting, and 50kg of wood ash per mu. Then, cover the base fertilizer surface with a layer of crushed soil.

[0066] Sugarcane planting (completed on August 10): First, the sugarcane seed stalks were cut into double bud sections and soaked in 55°C warm water for 20 minutes for detoxification treatment. After soaking, cold water was sprayed to cool down as soon as possible to the ambient temperature, and then a solution containing 0.03% ethephon and 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed onto the surface of the seed stalks for germination. Subsequently, double-bud-section sugarcane seed stalks were planted in the planting trench (5500 buds per mu), and the soil was covered with 5 cm of crushed soil and mulch. The average effective stem number was 5322 stems per mu, meeting the planting requirements.

[0067] Water and fertilizer management: (1) Fertilization during the seedling stage to the tillering stage. At the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings, the 5-8 leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings, the first node of sugarcane, and the third node of sugarcane, the high-pressure spray gun of the sprinkler system was used to spray water and fertilizer into the field. The amount of fertilizer used was 280 kg per mu of livestock and poultry manure (pig manure and chicken manure mass ratio of 6:4), and the salinity of the fermentation liquid was EC=2.3 ms. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios of the water and fertilizer at this stage were 4:1:2. In addition, 0.02% ethephon and 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed once during the tillering stage. (2) Fertilization from the jointing stage to the mature stage. After the 4th fertilization, the fertilization interval was about 10 days. The amount of fertilizer used at this stage was 1.8 t per mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid (pig manure and chicken manure mass ratio of 6:4, containing 5% compound seaweed amino acid liquid fertilizer), and the salinity of the fermentation liquid was EC=3 ms. In addition to livestock and poultry manure, 5‰ palm ash and 4‰ mineral fulvic acid were added to the substrate during fermentation. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios of the water and fertilizer at this stage were (3-2):1:2. The nitrogen content in the water and fertilizer gradually decreased at the end of the jointing stage to avoid affecting the sugar accumulation of sugarcane. Under the condition of automatic management of water and fertilizer by the AI system, the monthly elongation of sugarcane during the jointing stage continued to maintain a maximum of 3.5 cm per day. Until the end of October, the cane stalk growth rate decreased to less than 2 cm per day. (3) Fertilization during the mature stage: Similarly, the high-pressure spray gun of the sprinkler device was used to spray water and fertilizer into the field, with a fertilization interval of about 20 days. The amount of fertilizer used at this stage was 1.5 t per mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid (pig manure and chicken manure mass ratio of 6:4, containing 3% compound seaweed amino acid liquid fertilizer), and the salinity of the fermentation liquid was EC=3.6 ms. In addition to livestock and poultry manure, 1‰ palm ash, 5‰ superphosphate, 0.8% potassium superphosphate, and 8‰ mineral fulvic acid were added to the substrate during fermentation. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios of the water and fertilizer at this stage were 1:1:2. Water and fertilizer were stopped from January 2.

[0068] Weeding and cultivation: 3-5 days after the 4th fertilization of sugarcane, the intertillage and cultivation are carried out, and sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer is applied. The sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer is mixed with the broken soil evenly, and the sulfurous acid filtered organic fertilizer is about 230 kg per mu. The cultivation height is 20 cm. The cultivation should be fine and fill the root of the sugarcane. There is no depression between the plants on the ridge. The machine does not hurt, press or bury the plants. 3 days after the intertillage and cultivation, the weeding and closing are carried out. The pesticide is sprayed by the hanging spraying device to avoid the contact of the pesticide with the sugarcane leaves and the growth point.

[0069] Sugarcane harvesting: on December 31, a solution containing 0.03% glyphosate and 0.04% boric acid is sprayed. On February 1 of the next year, the sugarcane is harvested. The sugar content of the sugarcane is 12.7%, the gravity purity of the cane juice is 81%, the average yield of sugarcane per mu is 6685 kg, and the average sugar yield per mu is 848.9 kg. It meets the national standard GB / T 10498-2010 "Sugar cane".

[0070] Ratoon management and maintenance: when the stubble cutting and ridge breaking machine is used for operation, the stubble cutting blade is 5 cm into the soil, and the ridge breaking and cane loosening device is 40 cm into the soil. The ridge is buried within 10 days. The subsequent work refers to the management mode of newly planted sugarcane. On August 10 of the next year, the ratoon cane is harvested. The sugar content of the sugarcane is 14.1%, the gravity purity of the cane juice is 85%, the average yield of sugarcane per mu is 7539 kg, and the average sugar yield per mu is 1062.9 kg. It meets the national standard GB / T 10498-2010 "Sugar cane".

[0071] It is to be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0072] The specific embodiments described hereinabove are merely exemplary embodiments. It must be understood that many variations and modifications of the application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, what is desired to be protected by letters patent is set forth in the appended claims and the above description is intended to be illustrative but not restrictive of the scope, nature or use of the application.

Claims

1. A method for planting sugarcane in purple clay soil, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for cultivating sugarcanes in subtropical monsoon climate regions. The selected purple soil is reformed and base fertilizer is applied, wherein the base fertilizer comprises sulfite method sugar cane mud bio-organic fertilizer containing compound paecilomyces lilacinus, chicken manure and wood ash; Early-maturing and high-tillering sugarcanes are selected for the purple soil; The selected sugarcanes are treated and planted mechanically; Field management is performed on the sugarcanes planted on the purple soil, and the field management comprises water and fertilizer integrated irrigation management; Weeding and cultivation are performed during the growth of the sugarcanes; The mature sugarcanes are harvested; The sugarcanes are two crops per year, and the second mature sugarcanes are the sugar cane roots of the first harvested sugarcanes which are cultivated to grow; The sugarcanes are planted in August, the first sugarcanes are harvested, the second sugarcanes are harvested before February of the next year, and the sugarcanes are harvested on August 10 of the next year, so that the sugarcanes are harvested twice a year; When the sugarcanes are planted, the sugar cane stems are cut into double-bud sections, and the double-bud sections are soaked in 55-57 DEG C warm water for 20 minutes for detoxification treatment; after the soaking, cold water is sprayed to cool the double-bud sections to the ambient temperature as soon as possible, and then 0.02%-0.03% ethylene and 0.01%-0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed on the surfaces of the double-bud sections, so that the growth of the sugar cane stems is promoted; The double-bud section sugar cane stems are sowed in planting trenches, and the trenches are covered with 4-6cm crushed soil and plastic mulch; Fertilization during the seedling stage and tillering stage: at the 3-leaf stage of the sugarcanes, the 5-8 leaf stage of the sugarcanes, the first node and the third node of the sugarcanes, high-pressure spray guns of a sprinkler system are used to spray water and fertilizer to the field, the amount of the fertilizer is 200-300kg / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, and the EC of the fermentation liquid is 2-2.5ms; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the water and fertilizer during the seedling stage and the tillering stage is 4:1:2; Fertilization during the node stage and the mature stage: regular fertilization is performed according to the node stage, the high-pressure spray guns of the sprinkler system are used to spray water and fertilizer to the field, and the fertilization interval is about 10 days; the amount of the fertilizer is 1.6-2t / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, the EC of the fermentation liquid is 3-3.5ms, 5‰ palm ash and 4‰ mineral source fulvic acid are additionally added to the fermentation substrate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the water and fertilizer is 3-2:1:2; Fertilization during the mature stage: the high-pressure spray guns of the sprinkler system are used to spray water and fertilizer to the field, and the fertilization interval is about 20 days; the amount of the fertilizer is 1-1.8t / mu of livestock and poultry manure fermentation liquid, the EC of the fermentation liquid is 3.5-4ms, 1‰ palm ash, 3-8‰ organic chelated calcium, 0.5-1% superphosphate and 8‰ mineral source fulvic acid are additionally added to the fermentation substrate, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the water and fertilizer is 1:1:

2.

2. The method for sugarcane planting suitable for purple soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil is deep ploughed to 45-55cm, the planting row spacing adopts the mode of wide-narrow row 0.3-0.4m+1.3m, the trench width is 65-75cm, and the depth is 40-50cm.

3. The method for sugarcane planting suitable for purple soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting height qualified rate is greater than or equal to 95%, the ratoon breaking rate is less than or equal to 10%, the cane section qualified rate is greater than 90%, the stubble height is less than or equal to 20mm, and the total loss rate is less than or equal to 5%; mechanical harvesting is preferably performed under the conditions of no rain and dry soil.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, Ratoon management and maintenance: ratoon standard: effective stems 5000 plants / acre or more, mechanical harvesting damage rate less than 10%.

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