A device and method for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum based on a nanosecond pulse laser, comprising two laser beams provided by two lasers, an atomic gas chamber and a detector. The laser outputs lasers as coupling light and detection light respectively, which are respectively transmitted in opposite directions through the atomic gas chamber via a wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism in a collinear manner, and the emitted detection light is used for detection. The experimental scheme is based on the step-type energy level structure of the Rydberg atom and a nanosecond pulse laser system to realize the Rydberg state excitation of atoms in a controllable velocity group, and to realize the detection of quantum states of Rydberg atoms in different velocity groups through electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy. The atomic comb spectrum developed based on this can regulate the population of Rydberg state atoms, and provide a spectral technology for the measurement of electric and magnetic fields based on atomic systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of laser spectroscopy and quantum optics, and in particular to a device and method for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum. Background Art

[0002] The frequency of Rydberg atom near-quantum state transition covers the radio frequency, microwave, and terahertz frequency bands, and is widely used in basic physical parameter measurement, high-precision electromagnetic field sensing and other fields.

[0003] Electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms can produce narrow-linewidth spectra in atoms in a room-temperature gas chamber. This Rydberg-based spectroscopy technique has been widely used in electromagnetic field measurements. To improve the population of Rydberg atoms, researchers have developed techniques such as radio frequency (RF), microwave, and spatially separated pumping, building upon basic optical pumping. For hot atom systems in a room-temperature gas chamber, the Doppler velocity distribution is much larger than the pump laser linewidth. A single wavelength laser can only achieve the population of a very narrow velocity group of atoms, and rapid frequency scanning is limited by transition broadening.

[0004] Conventional electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy uses multi-wavelength laser pumping to increase the number of sensing atoms. However, due to the requirement of two-photon resonant excitation and the spatial geometric limitations of the excitation light field, this method can usually only achieve Rydberg state population of atoms in a specific velocity group, making it difficult to increase the number of atoms in the Rydberg state. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that existing techniques can only achieve Rydberg state population for atoms in specific velocity groups, but cannot excite atoms in the Doppler velocity group to Rydberg states, the present invention provides a device and method for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectra. Using a relatively simple device and optical path, comb-like Rydberg atomic spectra can be obtained, thereby achieving controllable Rydberg state population for atoms in the entire Doppler velocity group.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a device for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum, comprising: a detection laser unit, a pump laser unit, a SAS laser frequency stabilization unit, a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, and a first atomic gas chamber;

[0007] The detection laser unit includes: a continuous laser, an optical isolator, a first half-wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter prism, a second half-wave plate, a second polarization beam splitter prism, a third half-wave plate, and a first focusing lens. The continuous laser light emitted by the continuous laser as the detection light passes through the optical isolator, the first half-wave plate, and the first polarization beam splitter prism in sequence, and a portion is input to the SAS laser frequency stabilization unit, another portion passes through the second half-wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter prism, and a portion is input to the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, and another portion passes through the third half-wave plate and the first focusing lens and is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber for the first step of excitation of atoms in the gas chamber;

[0008] The pump laser unit includes: a pulse laser, an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier, a frequency doubling crystal, a fourth half-wave plate, a third polarization beam splitter, a fifth half-wave plate, and a second focusing lens. The pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser as pump light is frequency-doubled by the ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier and the frequency doubling crystal in sequence. After passing through the fourth half-wave plate and the third polarization beam splitter, a portion of the pulse laser is input into the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, and the other portion is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber after passing through the fifth half-wave plate and the second focusing lens for the second-step excitation of atoms in the gas chamber. The pulse laser is collinear in the opposite direction to the continuous laser emitted by the first focusing lens and entering the first atomic gas chamber.

[0009] A portion of the continuous laser light split by the first polarization beam splitter prism passes through the SAS laser frequency stabilization unit to obtain a frequency reference atomic saturation absorption spectrum to stabilize the laser frequency of the continuous laser;

[0010] A portion of the continuous laser light split by the second polarization beam splitter prism and a portion of the pulsed laser light split by the third polarization beam splitter prism are both introduced into the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit to obtain a reference spectrum for pulsed laser frequency stabilization.

[0011] Its further technical solution is: the SAS laser frequency stabilization unit includes a phase-locked amplifier and a proportional-integral amplifier. The continuous laser emitted by the continuous laser is split by the first polarization beam splitter prism, and a part of it is input into the phase-locked amplifier to obtain a frequency-locked error signal. The signal is then amplified by the proportional-integral amplifier and fed back to the current of the continuous laser and the piezoelectric ceramic end to lock the laser frequency of the continuous laser.

[0012] Its further technical solution is: the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit includes a sixth half-wave plate, a third focusing lens, a first dichroic mirror, a second atomic gas chamber, a second dichroic mirror, a first high-reflection mirror, a second high-reflection mirror and a first photodetector, the first dichroic mirror is a continuous light high reflectivity and pulse light high transmittance lens, the second dichroic mirror is a continuous light high transmittance and pulse light high reflectivity lens, the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror are both pulse light high reflectivity lenses, the continuous laser emitted by the continuous laser is split by the second polarization beam splitter prism, and a part of it is split by the second polarization beam splitter prism. The pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser is input into the second atomic gas chamber after passing through the third polarization beam splitter prism, the second high-reflection mirror, the first high-reflection mirror, and the second dichroic mirror. The continuous laser and the pulse laser entering the second atomic gas chamber are transmitted in opposite directions. The continuous laser passes through the second atomic gas chamber and the second dichroic mirror and is incident on the first photodetector. The first photodetector converts the corresponding optical signal into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the current of the pulse laser and the piezoelectric ceramic end for frequency locking.

[0013] Its further technical solution is: a third dichroic mirror and a fourth dichroic mirror are respectively provided on the optical path of the first atomic gas chamber, the continuous laser emitted by the continuous laser reaches the third dichroic mirror through the first focusing lens, and the pulsed laser emitted by the pulsed laser reaches the fourth dichroic mirror through the third focusing lens. The pulsed laser serving as pump light and the continuous laser serving as detection light are transmitted in opposite directions to the cesium atomic gas chamber to jointly excite atoms and obtain an atomic spectrum; the third dichroic mirror is a lens with high transmittance for pulsed light and high reflectance for continuous light, and the fourth dichroic mirror is a lens with high reflectance for pulsed light and high transmittance for continuous light.

[0014] Its further technical solution is: the first atomic gas chamber and the second atomic gas chamber both operate at room temperature and are filled with cesium atomic gas; the continuous laser emits 852nm continuous laser, and the light emitted by the pulse laser is a pulse laser with kW output power, MHz repetition frequency, and ns-scale pulse width, with a central wavelength of 1017.8 nm, a tuning range of 0.9 nm, an output power of 4600W, an adjustable repetition frequency of 0.1~100 MHz, an adjustable pulse width of 1~100 ns, and a continuously adjustable pulse delay; the pulse laser is converted into a laser wavelength by a frequency-doubling crystal to obtain a high-power, ns-scale 509 nm single-frequency pulse laser.

[0015] A method for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum comprises the following steps: a continuous laser of 852 nm emitted by a continuous laser as probe light is split into two parts through a first polarization beam splitter prism, one part is input into an SAS laser frequency stabilization unit to lock the laser frequency of the continuous laser, and the other part is split into two parts through a second polarization beam splitter prism, one part is input into a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit for 509 nm pulsed laser frequency stabilization, and the other part is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber after passing through a third dichroic mirror for the first step excitation of cesium atoms; a pulsed laser is output as pump light at 509 nm after passing through an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier and a frequency doubling crystal, one part is input into a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit after passing through the third polarization beam splitter prism for 509 nm laser frequency stabilization, and the other part is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber after passing through a fourth dichroic mirror for the second step excitation of cesium atoms; and a comb Rydberg atomic spectrum is obtained by changing the repetition frequency and pulse width of the pulsed laser, and separating the probe light from the pump light through the fourth dichroic mirror.

[0016] The method described in this paper, based on cascaded two-photon excitation using a pulsed 509 nm laser and a continuous 852 nm laser, achieves comb-like Rydberg atomic spectroscopy in a room-temperature cesium atomic gas chamber. Pulsed laser pumping is used to excite Rydberg states of atoms in controllable velocity groups, and electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy is used to detect quantum states of Rydberg atoms in different velocity groups.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention offers the following advantages: the pulsed laser can emit pulsed laser light with a MHz repetition rate and a nanosecond pulse width, with an adjustable repetition rate from 0.1 to 100 MHz and a pulse width from 1 to 100 ns. Periodic nanosecond pulsed laser pumping in the time domain is equivalent to a multi-frequency laser with a specific repetition rate in the frequency domain, enabling controlled population of atomic Rydberg states across the entire Doppler velocity group. Atomic frequency comb spectroscopy developed based on this technology can measure electric and magnetic fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the cascade excitation Rydberg level structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the Rydberg atomic spectrum obtained in the experiment of the present invention.

[0022] 1-Continuous laser, 2-Optical isolator, 3-First half-wave plate, 4-First polarization beam splitter, 5-Second half-wave plate, 6-Second polarization beam splitter, 7-Third half-wave plate, 8-First focusing lens, 9-Pulsed laser, 10-Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier, 11-Frequency doubling crystal, 12-Fourth half-wave plate, 13-Third polarization beam splitter, 14-Fifth half-wave plate, 15-Second focusing lens, 16-First atomic gas chamber, 17-Phase-locked amplifier, 18-Proportional-integral amplifier; 19-Sixth half-wave plate, 20-Third focusing lens, 21-First dichroic mirror, 22-Second atomic gas chamber, 23-Second dichroic mirror, 24-First high-reflection mirror, 25-Second high-reflection mirror, 26-Third dichroic mirror, 27-Fourth dichroic mirror, 28-First photodetector, 29-Second photodetector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] An apparatus for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectra, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0025] The optical isolator comprises a continuous laser 1, an optical isolator 2, a first half-wave plate 3, a first polarization beam splitter prism 4, a second half-wave plate 5, a second polarization beam splitter prism 6, a third half-wave plate 7, a first focusing lens 8, and a third dichroic mirror 26.

[0026] Pulsed laser 9, ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier 10, frequency doubling crystal 11, fourth half-wave plate 12, third polarization beam splitter prism 13, fifth half-wave plate 14, second focusing lens 15, fourth dichroic mirror 27, second photodetector 29, first atomic gas chamber 16;

[0027] Lock-in amplifier 17, proportional-integral amplifier 18;

[0028] The sixth half-wave plate 19 , the third focusing lens 20 , the first dichroic mirror 21 , the second atomic gas cell 22 , the second dichroic mirror 23 , the first photodetector 28 , the first high-reflection mirror 24 , and the second high-reflection mirror 25 .

[0029] We take the low excited state of cesium atom as an example to introduce it in detail. 1 / 2 →6P 3 / 2 →65S1 / 2 Comb Rydberg spectroscopy is achieved. The probe light is provided by an external cavity semiconductor laser (i.e., continuous laser 1). The output light is split into two beams by an optical isolator 2, a first half-wave plate 3, and a first polarization beam splitter 4. One beam is used to construct a saturated absorption spectrum and is input into a phase-locked amplifier 17 for demodulation to obtain a frequency-locked error signal. This signal is then amplified by a proportional-integral amplifier 18 and fed back to the continuous laser 1 to lock the laser frequency of the continuous laser 1. The other beam is split by a second half-wave plate 5 and a second polarization beam splitter 6. One beam is transmitted in the opposite collinear manner with the pump light to construct a reference EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) for laser frequency stabilization of the pulsed laser 9. The other beam passes through a third half-wave plate 7, a first focusing lens 8, and a third dichroic mirror 26, and is transmitted in the opposite collinear manner with the pump light to the first atomic gas cell 16 for pulsed spectrum experimental measurement. The pulsed laser 9 is amplified by an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier 10. The laser light is then frequency-doubled by a single pass through a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal (frequency-doubling crystal 11) to produce a pump pulse. This pulse is then split into two parts by a fourth half-wave plate 12 and a third polarization beam splitter 13. One part is transmitted in a counter-colinear manner with the probe light to construct a reference EIT for frequency stabilization of the pulsed laser 9. The other part is transmitted in a counter-colinear manner with the probe light through a fifth half-wave plate 14, a second focusing lens 15, and a fourth dichroic mirror 27 to the first atomic gas cell 16 for pulse spectrum measurement. The cylindrical cesium atomic gas cell used for the measurement is 25 mm in diameter and 150 mm long and is maintained at room temperature. The measurement probe light is separated from the pump beam by a fourth dichroic mirror 27. The transmitted light enters a second photodetector 29, which converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and is connected to an oscilloscope. The comb-like Rydberg atomic spectrum is obtained by scanning the pump light. The probe light frequency is locked to 6S. 1 / 2 (F=4)→6P 3 / 2 (F=5), pump laser at 6P 3 / 2 (F=5)→65S 1 / 2 When scanning between , the step-type energy level EIT transmission peak is obtained in the two-photon resonance. Figure 2 middle, is the ground state energy level, is the intermediate energy level, is the Rydberg excited state energy level, Δ p and Δ c The frequency detuning of the probe light and the coupled light (pump light) relative to the atomic resonance transition is Ω. p and Ω c , γ 32 and γ 21The probe light excites the atom from the ground state to the intermediate state, and the pump light excites the atom from the intermediate state to the Rydberg state. Due to the characteristics of the pulsed pump light, the atomic spectrum obtained is as follows: Figure 3 The image shows a unique oscillation structure with the nanosecond laser pulse repetition frequency as the oscillation period, which is called a comb spectrum.

[0030] This invention utilizes a two-photon excitation experimental scheme to prepare Rydberg states of cesium atoms. By varying the repetition frequency and pulse width of the pulsed pump light, pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy is achieved in a room-temperature cesium atomic gas chamber. Within a certain repetition frequency and pulse width range, the envelope of the spectral line exhibits regular variations, and the transmission peak spacing in the spectral line remains consistent with the pulse repetition frequency. By varying the pulse repetition frequency and pulse width, specific velocity group atoms can be excited. Theoretically, velocity group atoms located within a range of 300 kHz to 100 MHz detuned from the central peak frequency can be excited to Rydberg states, thereby achieving controllable population of Rydberg atoms and increasing the atomic population. This atomic spectrum will subsequently be used to frequency-lock a 509 nm laser and to measure electric and magnetic fields, which will be extremely valuable for quantum sensing and quantum measurement based on Rydberg atoms.

[0031] The present invention and its embodiments are described above. This description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to this technical solution without inventiveness, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy, characterized in that: include: Detection laser unit, pump laser unit, SAS laser frequency stabilization unit, reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, first atomic gas chamber (16); The detection laser unit comprises: a continuous laser (1), an optical isolator (2), a first half-wave plate (3), a first polarization beam splitter prism (4), a second half-wave plate (5), a second polarization beam splitter prism (6), a third half-wave plate (7), and a first focusing lens (8); the continuous laser light emitted by the continuous laser (1) as the detection light passes through the optical isolator (2), the first half-wave plate (3), and the first polarization beam splitter prism (4) in sequence, and a part of it is input into the SAS laser frequency stabilization unit, and another part of it passes through the second half-wave plate (5) and the second polarization beam splitter prism (6), and another part of it is input into the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, and another part of it passes through the third half-wave plate (7) and the first focusing lens (8) and is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber (16) for the first step of excitation of atoms in the gas chamber; The pump laser unit comprises: a pulse laser (9), an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (10), a frequency doubling crystal (11), a fourth half-wave plate (12), a third polarization beam splitter (13), a fifth half-wave plate (14), and a second focusing lens (15). The pulse laser light emitted by the pulse laser (9) as pump light is frequency-doubled by the ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (10) and the frequency doubling crystal (11) in sequence. After passing through the fourth half-wave plate (12) and the third polarization beam splitter (13), a portion of the pulse laser light is input into the reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit, and the other portion of the pulse laser light is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber (16) after passing through the fifth half-wave plate (14) and the second focusing lens (15) for the second step excitation of atoms in the gas chamber. The pulse laser light is collinear in the opposite direction to the continuous laser light emitted by the first focusing lens (8) and entering the first atomic gas chamber (16). A portion of the continuous laser light split by the first polarization beam splitter (4) passes through the SAS laser frequency stabilization unit to obtain a frequency reference atomic saturation absorption spectrum to stabilize the laser frequency of the continuous laser (1); A portion of the continuous laser light split by the second polarization beam splitter prism (6) and a portion of the pulsed laser light split by the third polarization beam splitter prism (13) are both introduced into a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit to obtain a reference spectrum for pulsed laser frequency stabilization.

2. The device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SAS laser frequency stabilization unit includes a phase-locked amplifier (17) and a proportional integral amplifier (18). After the continuous laser light emitted by the continuous laser (1) is split by the first polarization beam splitter (4), a portion of the light is input to the phase-locked amplifier (17) to obtain a frequency-locked error signal. The signal is then amplified by the proportional integral amplifier (18) and fed back to the current of the continuous laser (1) and the piezoelectric ceramic end, thereby locking the laser frequency of the continuous laser (1).

3. The device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit comprises a sixth half-wave plate (19), a third focusing lens (20), a first dichroic mirror (21), a second atomic gas chamber (22), a second dichroic mirror (23), a first high-reflection mirror (24), a second high-reflection mirror (25) and a first photodetector (28). The first dichroic mirror (21) is a lens with high reflectivity for continuous light and high transmittance for pulsed light, the second dichroic mirror (23) is a lens with high transmittance for continuous light and high reflectivity for pulsed light, the first high-reflection mirror (24) and the second high-reflection mirror (25) are both lenses with high reflectivity for pulsed light, and the continuous laser light emitted by the continuous laser (1) is split by the second polarization beam splitter (6), and a portion of the light passes through the sixth half-wave plate. (19), the third focusing lens (20), and the first dichroic mirror (21) are input to the second atomic gas chamber (22), and the pulse laser emitted by the pulse laser (9) is input to the second atomic gas chamber (22) after passing through the third polarization beam splitter prism (13), the second high-reflection mirror (25), the first high-reflection mirror (24), and the second dichroic mirror (23), wherein the continuous laser and the pulse laser entering the second atomic gas chamber (22) are transmitted in opposite directions, and the continuous laser passes through the second atomic gas chamber (22) and the second dichroic mirror (23) and is incident on the first photodetector (28), and the first photodetector (28) converts the corresponding optical signal into an electrical signal and then feeds it back to the current of the pulse laser (9) and the piezoelectric ceramic end for frequency locking.

4. The device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A third dichroic mirror (26) and a fourth dichroic mirror (27) are respectively provided on the optical path of the first atomic gas chamber (16); the continuous laser light emitted by the continuous laser (1) reaches the third dichroic mirror (26) via the first focusing lens (8); the pulsed laser light emitted by the pulse laser (9) reaches the fourth dichroic mirror (27) via the second focusing lens (15); the pulsed laser light as the pump light and the continuous laser light as the detection light are transmitted in opposite directions to the first atomic gas chamber (16) to jointly excite atoms and obtain an atomic spectrum; the third dichroic mirror (26) is a lens with high transmittance for pulsed light and high reflectance for continuous light, and the fourth dichroic mirror (27) is a lens with high reflectance for pulsed light and high transmittance for continuous light.

5. The device for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first atomic gas chamber (16) and the second atomic gas chamber (22) both operate at room temperature and are filled with cesium atomic gas; the continuous laser (1) emits 852nm continuous laser light, and the pulse laser (9) emits 1018nm pulse laser light.

6. A method for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum, implemented by using the apparatus for obtaining a pulsed Rydberg atomic spectrum according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: a continuous laser (1) emits a continuous laser of 852 nm as a detection light, which is divided into two parts by a first polarization beam splitter prism (4), one part is input into a SAS laser frequency stabilization unit to lock the laser frequency of the continuous laser (1), and the other part is divided into two parts by a second polarization beam splitter prism (6), one part is input into a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit for 509 nm pulse laser frequency stabilization, and the other part is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber (16) after passing through a third dichroic mirror (26) for the first step excitation of cesium atoms; a pulse laser (9) outputs a pulse laser of 509 nm as a pump light after passing through an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (10) and a frequency doubling crystal (11), and one part is input into a reference spectrum laser frequency stabilization unit after passing through a third polarization beam splitter prism (13) for 509 nm pulse laser frequency stabilization. The other part is transmitted to the first atomic gas chamber (16) through the fourth dichroic mirror (27) for the second step excitation of cesium atoms; by changing the repetition frequency and pulse width of the pulsed laser, the detection light is separated from the pump light through the fourth dichroic mirror (27) to obtain a comb Rydberg atomic spectrum.

7. The method for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The light emitted by the pulse laser (9) is a pulse laser with a kW output power, a MHz repetition frequency, and a ns-scale pulse width, wherein the central wavelength is 1017.8 nm, the tuning range is 0.9 nm, the output power is 4600 W, the repetition frequency is adjustable from 0.1 to 100 MHz, the pulse width is adjustable from 1 to 100 ns, and the pulse delay is continuously adjustable; the pulse laser is converted into a high-power, ns-scale 509 nm single-frequency pulse laser by using a frequency-doubling crystal (11).

8. The method for obtaining pulsed Rydberg atomic spectroscopy according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A second photodetector (29) is provided on a side of the fourth dichroic mirror (27) away from the first atomic gas chamber (16). After the detection light is separated from the pump light by the fourth dichroic mirror (27), a comb-shaped Rydberg atomic spectrum is obtained at the second photodetector (29).

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