Seeding device capable of changing wheat seeding depth

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a seeding device capable of changing wheat seeding depth, which comprises a support plate, a driving mechanism is mounted on one side of the support plate, and the driving mechanism is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft rotationally connected to the inner side of the support plate; a plurality of variable-pitch seeding mechanisms for changing seeding spacing and adaptively adjusting seeding quantity are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the plurality of variable-pitch seeding mechanisms are symmetrically distributed at equal intervals, the plurality of variable-pitch seeding mechanisms are all mounted on the inner side of the supporting plate, a ditching mechanism is further mounted on the inner side of the supporting plate, and the ditching mechanism is connected with the plurality of variable-pitch seeding mechanisms; according to the sowing device capable of changing the wheat sowing depth, after the distance between the multiple seed falling assemblies is synchronously adjusted through the distance changing assembly, the sowing amount can be synchronously and adaptively adjusted, and the problems that due to the too high sowing amount and the too narrow line spacing, wheat plants compete for sunlight, nutrients and water, growth and development are affected, and the yield is reduced can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat. Background Art

[0002] The wheat sowing device is an important mechanical equipment in agricultural production. Its main function is to evenly sow wheat seeds into the soil to ensure the growth and development of seeds and increase crop yields. In order to improve sowing efficiency, existing sowing devices generally sow multiple rows at the same time. In order to provide enough growth space for wheat and ensure that each plant can obtain sufficient sunlight, air and nutrients to promote uniform distribution and healthy growth, it is generally necessary to adjust the sowing row spacing of wheat according to different regions. However, after adjusting the row spacing, the existing sowing device cannot adaptively adjust the sowing amount. Excessive sowing amount and too narrow row spacing will cause wheat plants to compete for sunlight, nutrients and water, thereby affecting growth and development and reducing yields. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat, thereby solving the technical problem that the prior sowing device cannot achieve adaptive adjustment of row spacing and sowing amount.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat, comprising a support plate, a driving mechanism is installed on one side of the support plate, the driving mechanism is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the inner side of the support plate, a plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms for changing the sowing spacing and adaptively adjusting the sowing amount are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed, and the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms are all installed on the inner side of the support plate, a trenching mechanism is also installed on the inner side of the support plate, and the trenching mechanism is connected to the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms;

[0005] The variable pitch sowing mechanism includes a seed dropping assembly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, a variable pitch assembly is rotatably connected to the rear of the seed dropping assembly, the variable pitch assembly is installed on the inner side of the support plate, a seed dropping tube is slidably fitted above the seed dropping assembly, the seed dropping tube is fixedly connected to the variable pitch assembly through a bracket, the top of the seed dropping tube is connected to the bottom of the hopper through a hose, and the hopper is installed above the support plate through a fixed frame.

[0006] Preferably, the seed dropping assembly includes a seed dropping wheel, which is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft through a limiting groove opened on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, an air bag is fixedly provided on one side of the seed dropping wheel, a fixing ring is fixedly provided on one side of the air bag, and the fixing ring is installed on the rotating shaft through screws, and a plurality of groups of communicating vessels connected with the air bag are provided in the seed dropping wheel, and one end of the plurality of groups of communicating vessels are respectively located in a plurality of seed grooves opened on the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel.

[0007] Preferably, the communicating vessel includes a lower connecting tube fixedly connected to the side wall of the seed dropping wheel, one end of the lower connecting tube is connected to the airbag, and the other end is connected to the transition tube, the transition tube is embedded in the seed dropping wheel, the top of the transition tube is connected to an upper connecting tube, the upper connecting tube extends into the seed groove and is sleeved with a movable cylinder, an adjusting plate is fixedly provided on the top of the movable cylinder, the adjusting plate is slidably arranged in the seed groove, and a spring fixed to the bottom of the movable cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the upper connecting tube.

[0008] Preferably, the pitch variable assembly includes a mounting frame installed on a support plate, two groups of cylinders are installed at the bottom of the mounting frame, a pitch variable plate is fixedly provided on the telescopic shaft of the cylinder, both ends of the pitch variable plate are slidably arranged in a sliding hole opened on the side wall of the support plate through a slider, a plurality of pitch variable holes are opened on the pitch variable plate, and the plurality of pitch variable holes are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed, a pitch variable block is slidably arranged in the pitch variable hole, the pitch variable block is fixedly connected to one end of the movable plate, and the other end of the movable plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the seed drop wheel through a rotating ring.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of the movable plates are fixedly provided with a slider 2, the slider 2 is slidably arranged at the bottom of a guide rail, and the guide rail is installed on the inner side of the support plate.

[0010] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a motor 1 mounted on the side wall of the support plate, a gear 1 is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the motor 1, the gear 1 is meshed with a gear 2, and the gear 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, the trenching mechanism includes a second motor fixed on the inner wall of the support plate, a linear screw is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor, a lifting frame is spirally connected to the outer wall of the linear screw, one end of the lifting frame is slidably set in a second sliding hole opened on the side wall of the support plate through a slider three, a plurality of trenching plows are slidably set on the lifting frame, a sleeve is provided on the top of the trenching plow, the sleeve is mounted on the mounting block by bolts, and the mounting block is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable plate.

[0012] Preferably, a baffle plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the seed dropping tube and is attached to the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel.

[0013] Preferably, a traction frame is fixedly provided on one side of the support plate, and moving wheels are rotatably connected to both side walls of the support plate.

[0014] Preferably, a fixing rod is fixedly provided on the side wall of the seed dropping tube, and a "V"-shaped soil covering plate is fixedly provided at one end of the fixing rod.

[0015] By means of the above technical solution, the present invention provides a sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat, which has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat is provided with a variable-pitch sowing mechanism. After the variable-pitch assembly is used to synchronously adjust the spacing of multiple seed dropping assemblies, the seed dropping wheel will squeeze or stretch the airbag. Under the action of the communicating vessel, the lifting and lowering movement of the adjusting plate can be controlled to adjust the capacity of the seed trough, so that the sowing amount can be synchronously and adaptively adjusted, thereby avoiding the problem that excessive sowing amount and too narrow row spacing will cause competition for sunlight, nutrients and water between wheat plants, thereby affecting growth and development and reducing yield.

[0017] 2. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat is provided with a driving mechanism, a rotating shaft and a seed drop wheel. The sowing operation can be carried out evenly and continuously by driving a motor and making the rotating shaft drive the seed drop wheel to rotate, thereby ensuring better uniformity between each row of wheat and improving the survival rate of wheat.

[0018] 3. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat can achieve the purpose of changing the sowing depth of wheat by setting a trenching mechanism, and can drive and adjust the height of multiple trenching plows through motor 2. The depth can be adjusted in real time according to the soil environment, and the interval between the trenching plows can also be adjusted accordingly with the adjustment of the variable-distance sowing mechanism.

[0019] 4. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat is provided with a fixing rod and a covering plate. When the wheat seeds fall into the dug grooves, the covering plate can cover the soil in the grooves again after passing through, thereby avoiding the problem of low survival rate caused by long-term exposure of the seeds.

[0020] 5. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat can be driven to move by agricultural machinery by setting a traction frame and moving wheels, and has the advantages of easy installation and good use effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the driving mechanism of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the variable distance sowing mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single seed dropping assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a partial cross-section of the seed dropping wheel of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the structure after being separated from the air bag and the movable plate;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of the communicating vessel of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the variable pitch assembly and the trenching mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a side view of a pitch-changing assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the trenching mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support plate of the present invention;

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Support plate; 101. Slide hole 1; 102. Slide hole 2; 2. Driving mechanism; 201. Motor 1; 202. Gear 1; 203. Gear 2; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Variable pitch sowing mechanism; 401. Seeding assembly; 4011. Seeding wheel; 40111. Seeding groove; 4012. Air bag; 4013. Fixing ring; 4014. Screw; 4015. Connecting vessel; 40151. Lower connecting pipe; 40152. Transition tube; 40153. Upper connecting pipe; 40154. Movable tube; 40155. Adjusting plate; 40156. Spring; 402. Variable pitch assembly; 4021. Mounting frame; 4022. Cylinder; 4023, pitch plate; 49231, pitch hole; 4024, pitch block; 4025, movable plate; 4026, rotating ring; 4027, slider one; 4028, slider two; 4029, guide rail; 403, seed tube; 404, bracket; 405, hose; 406, hopper; 407, fixed frame; 408, baffle; 5, trenching mechanism; 501, motor two; 502, linear screw; 503, lifting frame; 504, slider three; 505, trenching plow; 506, casing; 507, mounting block; 508, bolt; 6, traction frame; 7, moving wheel; 8, fixing rod; 9, covering plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The wheat sowing device is an important mechanical equipment in agricultural production. Its main function is to evenly sow wheat seeds into the soil to ensure the growth and development of seeds and increase crop yields. With the development of modern agriculture, the requirements for sowing technology are constantly increasing, and the traditional manual sowing method can no longer meet the needs of large-scale and high-efficiency production. Therefore, the use of mechanized sowing devices has become a trend in modern agriculture. With the advancement of science and technology, various mechanization-based sowing equipment have emerged, such as pushers and seeders. These machines use the principles of rollers, airflow, gravity, etc. to achieve uniform sowing of seeds, reducing labor costs and improving sowing efficiency.

[0036] Embodiment 1:

[0037] Based on the technical defects of the existing technology that cannot achieve adaptive adjustment of row spacing and seeding rate, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 10 The present invention provides a sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat. After the spacing of multiple seed dropping components 401 is synchronously adjusted by using a variable spacing component 402, the sowing amount can also be synchronously adaptively adjusted, which can avoid the problem that too high sowing amount and too narrow row spacing will cause wheat plants to compete for sunlight, nutrients and water, thereby affecting growth and development and reducing yield. The device includes a support plate 1, a driving mechanism 2 is installed on one side of the support plate 1, the driving mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 3 rotatably connected to the inner side of the support plate 1, and a plurality of variable spacing sowing mechanisms 4 for changing the sowing spacing and adaptively adjusting the sowing amount are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 3, and the plurality of variable spacing sowing mechanisms 4 are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed. And multiple variable-distance sowing mechanisms 4 are all installed on the inner side of the support plate 1, and a trenching mechanism 5 is also installed on the inner side of the support plate 1, and the trenching mechanism 5 is connected to the multiple variable-distance sowing mechanisms 4; after using the variable-distance component 402 to synchronously adjust the spacing of multiple seed dropping components 401, at this time, the seed dropping wheel 4011 will squeeze or stretch the airbag 4012, and under the action of the connecting vessel 4015, the adjustment plate 40155 can be controlled to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the capacity of the seed groove 40111, so that the sowing amount can be synchronously adaptively adjusted. When sowing, the trenching mechanism 5 first moves from the front and digs multiple rows of trenches, and then under the action of the variable-distance sowing mechanism 4, the seeds fall evenly into the trenches to complete the sowing operation.

[0038] To solve the problem of adaptive adjustment of row spacing and seeding rate, please refer to Figure 3-Figure 8The variable pitch sowing mechanism 4 includes a seed dropping component 401 arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 3, and the variable pitch component 402 is rotatably connected to the rear of the seed dropping component 401, and the variable pitch component 402 is installed on the inner side of the support plate 1. A seed dropping tube 403 is slidably fitted on the top of the seed dropping component 401, and the seed dropping tube 403 is fixedly connected to the variable pitch component 402 through a bracket 404. The top of the seed dropping tube 403 is connected to the bottom of the hopper 406 through a hose 405, and the hopper 406 is installed above the support plate 1 through a fixed frame 407; the seeds in the hopper 406 can fall into the seed dropping component 401 through the hose 405 and the seed dropping tube 403, and then with the rotation of the seed dropping component 401, the seeds can be evenly scattered in the groove, and when the variable pitch component 402 adjusts the sowing row spacing, the sowing amount in the seed dropping component 401 can also be adjusted synchronously.

[0039] To achieve uniform seed spreading, refer to Figure 4-Figure 6 The seed dropping assembly 401 includes a seed dropping wheel 4011, which is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft 3 through a limiting groove on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 3, an air bag 4012 is fixedly arranged on one side of the seed dropping wheel 4011, a fixing ring 4013 is fixedly arranged on one side of the air bag 4012, and the fixing ring 4013 is mounted on the rotating shaft 3 through a screw 4014, and a plurality of communicating vessels 4015 connected to the air bag 4012 are arranged in the seed dropping wheel 4011, and one end of the plurality of communicating vessels 4015 is respectively located in a plurality of seed grooves on the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel 4011. 40111; when the variable pitch component 402 adjusts the row spacing, the seed dropping wheel 4011 can move laterally on the rotating shaft 3. At this time, the seed dropping wheel 4011 will squeeze or stretch the air bag 4012. Under the action of the connecting vessel 4015, the adjustment plate 40155 can be controlled to move up and down, thereby adjusting the capacity of the seed slot 40111, so that the sowing amount can be synchronously adaptively adjusted. Since the capacity of the seed slot 40111 is adjusted synchronously, the capacity of each seed slot 40111 is equal, thereby ensuring that the seeds are evenly sown.

[0040] To adjust the internal capacity of the seed tank 40111, please refer to Figure 6The communicating vessel 4015 includes a lower connecting pipe 40151 fixedly connected to the side wall of the seed dropping wheel 4011, one end of the lower connecting pipe 40151 is connected to the air bag 4012, and the other end is connected to the transition tube 40152, the transition tube 40152 is embedded in the seed dropping wheel 4011, and the top of the transition tube 40152 is connected to the upper connecting pipe 40153, the upper connecting pipe 40153 extends into the seed groove 40111 and is sleeved with a movable tube 40154, and the top of the movable tube 40154 is fixedly provided with an adjusting plate 40155, and the adjusting plate 40155 is slidably arranged in the seed groove 4 0111, a spring 40156 is sleeved on the outer wall of the upper connecting tube 40153 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable cylinder 40154; when the airbag 4012 is compressed, the gas in the airbag 4012 can enter the movable cylinder 40154 through the lower connecting tube 40151, the transition cylinder 40152 and the upper connecting tube 40153, and the gas inside the movable cylinder 40154 increases, thereby pushing the movable cylinder 40154 to move upward, thereby driving the adjusting plate 40155 to move upward and reducing the capacity of the seed groove 40111, and vice versa, the capacity of the seed groove 40111 can be increased.

[0041] To solve the line spacing adjustment problem, please refer to Figure 7-Figure 8 The pitch-changing assembly 402 includes a mounting frame 4021 mounted on the support plate 1, two sets of cylinders 4022 are mounted at the bottom of the mounting frame 4021, a pitch-changing plate 4023 is fixed on the telescopic shaft of the cylinder 4022, both ends of the pitch-changing plate 4023 are slidably arranged in a sliding hole 101 opened on the side wall of the support plate 1 through a slider 1 4027, a plurality of pitch-changing holes 49231 are opened on the pitch-changing plate 4023, and the plurality of pitch-changing holes 49231 are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed, and a pitch-changing hole 49231 is slidably arranged in the pitch-changing hole 49231 The variable pitch block 4024 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable plate 4025, and the other end of the movable plate 4025 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the seed drop wheel 4011 through the rotating ring 4026; the variable pitch plate 4023 can be driven to move by the cylinder 4022. When the variable pitch plate 4023 is raised or lowered, under the action of the variable pitch hole 49231, the variable pitch block 4024 can drive multiple movable plates 4025 to move laterally equidistantly, so that multiple seed drop components 401 can move equidistantly, and the sowing row spacing can be adjusted.

[0042] In order to solve the shaking problem of the movable plate 4025 when it moves horizontally, a slider 4028 is fixed on multiple movable plates 4025. The slider 4028 is slidably set at the bottom of the guide rail 4029, and the guide rail 4029 is installed on the inner side of the support plate 1; by utilizing the function of the slider 4028 and the slide rail, the movable plate 4025 can be made more stable when moving.

[0043] For smooth sowing operations, please refer to Figure 2The driving mechanism 2 includes a motor 201 installed on the side wall of the support plate 1, and a gear 202 is fixedly provided on the output shaft of the motor 201. The gear 202 is meshed with the gear 203, and the gear 203 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 3. The motor 201 is operated and the rotating shaft 3 is driven to rotate through the meshing action of the gear 202 and the gear 2 203, so that the seed dropping assembly 401 on the rotating shaft 3 can be operated to realize continuous sowing operations.

[0044] In order to avoid the problem of seeds scattering everywhere when sowing, a baffle 408 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the seed dropping tube 403 and is attached to the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel 4011; when the seed dropping wheel 4011 rotates, the seeds in the seed groove 40111 will be blocked by the baffle 408, and when the seed groove 40111 moves to the bottom of the seed dropping wheel 4011, the seed groove 40111 will be separated from the blockage of the baffle 408, and the seeds can fall smoothly under the action of gravity and will not be scattered everywhere.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] Before sowing, you need to dig a suitable groove to bury the seeds to ensure that the seeds can be sown to a certain depth. To solve the problem of digging grooves, please refer to Figure 7-Figure 9 The trenching mechanism 5 includes a motor 501 fixed on the inner wall of the support plate 1, a linear screw 502 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 501, a lifting frame 503 is connected to the outer wall of the linear screw 502 by spiral transmission, one end of the lifting frame 503 is slidably set in the sliding hole 102 opened on the side wall of the support plate 1 through a slider 504, and a plurality of trenching plows 505 are slidably set on the lifting frame 503, and a sleeve 506 is sleeved on the top of the trenching plow 505, and the sleeve 506 is installed on the mounting block 507 by bolts 508, and the mounting block 507 is fixedly connected to the mounting block 507. On the side wall of the movable plate 4025; when sowing, the furrowing plow 505 first moves from the front and digs multiple rows of furrows, and the seeds can fall smoothly into the furrows during subsequent sowing. The motor 2 501 drives the lifting frame 503 to move under the action of the linear screw 502, so that the height of multiple furrowing plows 505 can be adjusted synchronously, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the sowing depth of wheat. Moreover, since the furrowing plow 505 can slide on the lifting frame 503, when the variable-pitch sowing mechanism 4 adjusts the row spacing, the spacing between multiple furrowing plows 505 can also be adjusted synchronously.

[0047] Embodiment three:

[0048] In order to solve the power problem of overall movement, a traction frame 6 is fixedly provided on one side of the support plate 1, and moving wheels 7 are rotatably connected to the two side walls of the support plate 1; the entire device can be driven to move by agricultural machinery, which has the advantages of easy installation and good use effect.

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] In order to solve the problem of covering the seeds with soil after sowing, a fixing rod 8 is fixed on the side wall of the seed dropping tube 403, and a "V"-shaped covering plate 9 is fixed at one end of the fixing rod 8; when the wheat seeds fall into the dug grooves, the covering plate 9 can cover the soil in the grooves again after passing through, so as to avoid the problem of low survival rate caused by long-term exposure of the seeds.

[0051] It can be known from the above embodiments that before use, under the action of the traction frame 6 and the moving wheel 7, the entire device can be driven to move by agricultural machinery. After the entire device is installed, first, under the action of the variable pitch sowing mechanism 4, the variable pitch plate 4023 can be driven to move by the cylinder 4022. When the variable pitch plate 4023 is lifted or lowered, under the action of the variable pitch hole 49231, the variable pitch block 4024 can drive multiple movable plates 4025 to move laterally at equal intervals. When the movable plate 4025 moves, it can drive the seed drop wheel 4011 to move laterally on the rotating shaft 3. At this time, the seed drop wheel 4011 will squeeze or stretch the air bag 4012. Under the action of the connecting vessel 4015, the adjustment plate 40155 can be controlled to lift and lower, thereby adjusting the capacity of the seed slot 40111, so that the sowing amount can be synchronized and adjusted automatically. Adaptive adjustment, and because the capacity of the seed groove 40111 is adjusted synchronously, the capacity of each seed groove 40111 is equal, thereby ensuring that the seeds are evenly sown. Then, when sowing, the furrowing plow 505 first moves from the front and digs multiple rows of furrows. At this time, the driving mechanism 2 is started, and the motor 201 works and drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate. The rotating shaft 3 drives the seed drop wheel 4011 to rotate, and the seeds enter the seed groove 40111 on the seed drop wheel 4011 from the soft roller and the seed drop tube 403. With the rotation of the seed drop wheel 4011, the seeds in the seed groove 40111 can fall smoothly into the groove when it rotates to the bottom, completing the sowing operation. When the wheat seeds fall into the dug groove, the covering plate 9 can cover the soil in the groove again after passing through.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat, comprising a support plate (1), characterized in that: A driving mechanism (2) is installed on one side of the support plate (1), the driving mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (3) rotatably connected to the inner side of the support plate (1), a plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms (4) for changing the sowing spacing and adaptively adjusting the sowing amount are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (3), the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms (4) are symmetrically and evenly distributed, and the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms (4) are all installed on the inner side of the support plate (1), and a trenching mechanism (5) is also installed on the inner side of the support plate (1), and the trenching mechanism (5) is connected to the plurality of variable-distance sowing mechanisms (4); The variable pitch sowing mechanism (4) comprises a seed dropping assembly (401) arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (3); a variable pitch assembly (402) is rotatably connected to the rear of the seed dropping assembly (401); the variable pitch assembly (402) is mounted on the inner side of the support plate (1); a seed dropping tube (403) is slidably fitted on the top of the seed dropping assembly (401); the seed dropping tube (403) is fixedly connected to the variable pitch assembly (402) via a bracket (404); the top of the seed dropping tube (403) is connected to the bottom of a hopper (406) via a hose (405); and the hopper (406) is mounted on the top of the support plate (1) via a fixing frame (407).

2. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed dropping assembly (401) comprises a seed dropping wheel (4011), which is slidably sleeved on the rotating shaft (3) through a limiting groove provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (3), an air bag (4012) is fixedly provided on one side of the seed dropping wheel (4011), a fixing ring (4013) is fixedly provided on one side of the air bag (4012), and the fixing ring (4013) is mounted on the rotating shaft (3) through a screw (4014), and a plurality of groups of communicating vessels (4015) connected to the air bag (4012) are provided inside the seed dropping wheel (4011), and one end of the plurality of groups of communicating vessels (4015) are respectively located in a plurality of seed grooves (40111) provided on the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel (4011).

3. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communicating vessel (4015) comprises a lower connecting tube (40151) fixedly connected to the side wall of the seed dropping wheel (4011), one end of the lower connecting tube (40151) being connected to the air bag (4012) and the other end being connected to the transition tube (40152), the transition tube (40152) being embedded in the seed dropping wheel (4011), the top of the transition tube (40152) being connected to an upper connecting tube (40153), the upper connecting tube (40153) extending into the seed groove (40111) and being sleeved with a movable tube (40154), the top of the movable tube (40154) being fixedly provided with an adjusting plate (40155), the adjusting plate (40155) being slidably arranged in the seed groove (40111), and the outer wall of the upper connecting tube (40153) being sleeved with a spring (40156) fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable tube (40154).

4. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pitch changing assembly (402) comprises a mounting frame (4021) mounted on a support plate (1). Two groups of cylinders (4022) are mounted at the bottom of the mounting frame (4021). A pitch changing plate (4023) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic shaft of the cylinder (4022). Both ends of the pitch changing plate (4023) are slidably mounted in a sliding hole (101) provided on a side wall of the support plate (1) via a sliding block (4027). A plurality of pitch changing holes (49231) are provided on the pitch changing plate (4023). The plurality of pitch changing holes (49231) are symmetrically and evenly spaced. A pitch changing block (4024) is slidably mounted in the pitch changing hole (49231). The pitch changing block (4024) is fixedly mounted at one end of a movable plate (4025). The other end of the movable plate (4025) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the seed dropping wheel (4011) via a rotating ring (4026).

5. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second slider (4028) is fixedly provided on each of the plurality of movable plates (4025). The second slider (4028) is slidably arranged at the bottom of a guide rail (4029), and the guide rail (4029) is installed on the inner side of the support plate (1).

6. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (2) comprises a motor 1 (201) mounted on the side wall of the support plate (1); a gear 1 (202) is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the motor 1 (201); the gear 1 (202) meshes with a gear 2 (203); and the gear 2 (203) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (3).

7. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trenching mechanism (5) comprises a second motor (501) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the support plate (1); a linear screw (502) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor (501); a lifting frame (503) is spirally connected to the outer wall of the linear screw (502); one end of the lifting frame (503) is slidably mounted in a second sliding hole (102) provided on the side wall of the support plate (1) via a third slider (504); a plurality of trenching plows (505) are slidably mounted on the lifting frame (503); a sleeve (506) is sleeved on the top of the trenching plow (505); the sleeve (506) is mounted on a mounting block (507) via a bolt (508); and the mounting block (507) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable plate (4025).

8. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the seed dropping tube (403) is fixedly provided with a baffle (408) which is attached to the outer wall of the seed dropping wheel (4011).

9. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: A traction frame (6) is fixedly provided on one side of the support plate (1), and moving wheels (7) are rotatably connected to both side walls of the support plate (1).

10. The sowing device capable of changing the sowing depth of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing rod (8) is fixedly provided on the side wall of the seed dropping tube (403), and a V-shaped soil covering plate (9) is fixedly provided on one end of the fixing rod (8).

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