Feed triticale efficient breeding method based on dominant genic male sterility gene Ms2

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient breeding method for feed triticale based on a dominant genic male sterility gene Ms2, and belongs to the technical field of triticale breeding. According to the method, dominant genic male sterility hexaploid triticale is used as a donor parent, an excellent triticale breeding variety or a seedling line is used as a recurrent parent for backcrossing, and a triticale recurrent selection breeding base population is constructed; then constructing a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population by continuously introducing various excellent germplasms by taking the dominant genic male sterile line of the excellent breeding variety and the seedling head strain as a basic material; meanwhile, continuously improved breeding populations are obtained through continuous selective outcrossing of sterile plants and fertile plants in the populations; excellent fertile plants are selected from the improved population, variety breeding is conducted through a pedigree breeding method, and the excellent new triticale variety is obtained. The breeding method of the triticale broadens the genetic basis of breeding populations, and the obtained excellent triticale has the characteristics of high yield, strong stress tolerance, excellent feeding character and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of triticale breeding, and in particular to an efficient breeding method for forage triticale based on a dominant nuclear sterile gene Ms2. Background Art

[0002] Triticale is a new species artificially created by hybridization between wheat and rye and the application of chromosome engineering technology. It combines the high quality and high yield of wheat with the disease resistance and stress tolerance and high lysine content of rye. It also has the advantages of huge hybrid growth advantage and high photosynthesis efficiency. It has high forage yield, good feeding properties and high nutritional quality. It is a high-quality forage crop with great application prospects. It has strong stress tolerance and can be used to develop forage production in saline-alkali land and marginal land. It is a winter and spring forage crop, suitable for planting in winter fallow fields in the south, and can also be used in the northern agricultural and pastoral areas to develop triticale-silage corn, sorghum and other forage production. At present, the planting area of ​​fodder triticale is gradually expanding, and many provinces have included fodder triticale in the support scope of grain-to-feed projects, with broad development prospects.

[0003] Since triticale is a new artificially synthesized species, there are no wild species in nature, and breeding resources are scarce. The development of new breeding methods is conducive to promoting the creation of triticale breeding materials and the cultivation of varieties. The conventional triticale breeding method of artificial emasculation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to complete large-scale hybrid configuration work. On the other hand, the conventional triticale breeding method mostly selects approved high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and stress-tolerant triticale varieties, or seedling lines that have performed well in variety comparison tests and production tests, or breeding materials with excellent comprehensive traits and outstanding targets as breeding parents, and conducts hybrid combination configuration, combines backcrossing, self-pollination and other methods to construct breeding populations, and uses pedigree or mixed pedigree methods to conduct comprehensive trait evaluation of offspring strains, and uses conventional breeding techniques to select new varieties. The varieties cultivated by this breeding method have a narrow genetic basis, and the varieties are highly homogenized, so it is difficult to obtain breakthrough varieties. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an efficient breeding method for forage triticale based on the dominant nuclear sterile gene Ms2, so as to solve the serious problem of homogeneity among new triticale varieties in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a breeding method for high-quality triticale, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Using dominant male sterile hexaploid triticale as donor parent and excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines as recurrent parents, large-scale backcrossing was performed to obtain dominant male sterile lines of excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines, and to construct a basic population for recurrent selection breeding of triticale;

[0008] S2. Using the dominant male sterile lines of the excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines obtained in S1 as basic materials, pollen with excellent triticale germplasm, harvest seeds of excellent sterile plants, and mix and plant them into progeny groups; select the progeny sterile groups with better growth as female parents, continue to pollinate with excellent triticale germplasm, and repeat this cycle, continuously introduce various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, and obtain a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population; the excellent triticale germplasm includes materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources or new resistance sources;

[0009] S3. While S2 continuously introduces various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, it also promotes the exchange and recombination of genes within the population through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male sterile plants with fertile plants within the population, continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population, and obtains a continuously developing reincarnation selection improved breeding population;

[0010] S4. Select excellent fertile plants from the improved population, cultivate new varieties of triticale through pedigree selection, and obtain excellent new varieties of triticale.

[0011] Preferably, the dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye includes early-maturing, mid-maturing and mid-late maturing male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye, the early-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH368, the mid-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH792, and the mid-late maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH828.

[0012] Preferably, the large population backcrossing is performed 4 to 5 times.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the excellent triticale varieties are Zhongsi 237, Zhongsi 828, Zhongsi 1048, Zhongsi 1877, Jisi 2, Jisi 3, Shida 1, Xinxiaomai 2 and Jinsicao 1; the seedling lines include Zhongsi 1257, Zhongsi 1827, Zhongsi 1640, Zhongsi 1892, Zhongsi 2885, Zhongsi 3241 and Zhongsi 3297.

[0014] Preferably, in S1, by expanding the backcross population, sterile plants with a higher recovery rate of the recurrent parent's genetic background are selected from the population as female parents to shorten the backcross breeding cycle.

[0015] Preferably, the excellent triticale germplasm described in S2 includes materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources, new resistance sources, etc.; the materials with outstanding biological yield traits include NTH3389 and Ji Si No. 6, the new high-quality sources include materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf stems, and materials with high silage protein content, the materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf stems include NTH3562 and NTH3551, the materials with high silage protein content include NTH3356, and the new resistance sources include NTH3249 with outstanding resistance to both yellow dwarf disease and stripe rust.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the sterile plants and fertile plants involved in the hybridization in the breeding population are all excellent individual plants showing excellent feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and flowering stage.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the cross-breeding improvement of sterile plants and fertile plants in the breeding population is also carried out continuously and is a work that needs to be performed in each generation.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, excellent fertile plants can be selected in each generation to cultivate new varieties of triticale through pedigree breeding.

[0019] Preferably, the excellent fertile plants are fertile plants with compact plant shape, large biomass, neat ear layers, high seed setting rate, and good disease resistance and stress tolerance.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention uses dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale as the donor parent, and uses excellent triticale bred varieties or seedling lines as the recurrent parents for backcrossing to construct a triticale recurrent selection breeding basic population; then, the excellent triticale bred varieties and the dominant male nuclear sterile lines of the seedling lines are used as the basic materials, and the pollen of excellent triticale germplasm is continuously fertilized to obtain a triticale recurrent selection breeding population; at the same time, the triticale recurrent selection breeding population is continuously optimized and improved through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male nuclear sterile plants and fertile plants in the breeding population; excellent fertile plants are selected in the improved population for variety breeding to obtain excellent triticale new varieties. The breeding method of high-quality triticale of the present invention broadens the genetic basis of the breeding population, and the obtained high-quality triticale has the characteristics of high yield, strong stress tolerance, excellent feeding traits, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The process of constructing the base population for recurrent selection breeding of S1 triticale.

[0022] Figure 2 This is the process of cultivating the S2 triticale recurrent selection breeding population and selecting new varieties.

[0023] Figure 3This is the field performance of Zhongsi 3317 during the greening period (2024.3.29), among which plots A and B are Zhongsi 3317, and plots C and D are Zhongsi 1048.

[0024] Figure 4 This is the salt-alkali-tolerant, water-saving and high-yield cultivation experimental demonstration field of Zhongsi 3317 in Kashgar, Xinjiang (2024.5.8). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a breeding method for high-quality triticale, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Using dominant male sterile hexaploid triticale as donor parent and excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines as recurrent parents, large-scale backcrossing was performed to obtain dominant male sterile lines of excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines, and to construct a basic population for recurrent selection breeding of triticale;

[0027] S2. The dominant male sterile lines of the excellent triticale varieties and seedling lines obtained in S1 are used as the basic breeding population, and pollen is applied to the excellent triticale germplasm, and seeds of excellent sterile plants are harvested and mixed to form a progeny population; the progeny sterile population with good growth is selected and continuously pollinated with the excellent triticale germplasm, and the cycle is repeated, and various excellent germplasms are continuously introduced into the population to obtain a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population; the excellent triticale germplasm includes materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources or new resistance sources;

[0028] S3. While S2 continuously introduces various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, it also promotes the exchange and recombination of genes within the population through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male sterile plants with fertile plants within the population, continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population, and obtains a continuously developing reincarnation selection improved breeding population;

[0029] S4. Select excellent fertile plants from the improved population obtained in S3, and cultivate new varieties of triticale through pedigree selection to obtain excellent new varieties of triticale.

[0030] In the present invention, dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale is used as a donor parent, and excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines are used as recurrent parents, and large-scale backcrossing is carried out to obtain dominant male nuclear sterile lines of excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines, and construct a basic population for recurrent selection breeding of triticale; the number of backcrossing is 4 to 5 times; the genotype of the dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale is AABBRR, and its dominant male nuclear sterile gene Ms2 comes from the 4D chromosome of common wheat (the genome is AABBDD), and it is a nuclear sterile material with excellent comprehensive trait performance bred through distant hybridization and backcrossing. The dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale includes early-maturing, mid-maturing, and mid-late maturing male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale. The purpose is to avoid the situation of flowering failure in hybridization with many excellent breeding varieties and seedling lines, so as to ensure that all target breeding varieties and seedling lines can achieve normal backcrossing and breeding. The early-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale varieties include NTH368, the mid-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale varieties include NTH792, and the mid-late maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid triticale varieties include NTH828.

[0031] The excellent triticale bred varieties are Zhongsi 237, Zhongsi 828, Zhongsi 1048, Zhongsi 1877, Jisi 2, Jisi 3, Shida 1, Xinxiaomai 2 and Jinsucao 1; the seedling lines include Zhongsi 1257, Zhongsi 1827, Zhongsi 1640, Zhongsi 1892, Zhongsi 2885, Zhongsi 3241 and Zhongsi 3297. The dominant male sterile lines of the excellent triticale bred varieties and seedling lines are obtained to construct a triticale recurrent selection breeding basic population; in step S1, the sterile plants with a higher recovery rate of the recurrent parent genetic background are selected as the female parent in the population by expanding the backcross population, so as to shorten the backcross breeding cycle. Preferably, step S1 is preferably combined with an artificial climate chamber or off-site generation technology to shorten the breeding cycle; the time for generation in the artificial climate chamber is from June to October each year, and the off-site generation is carried out from September each year to February of the following year by utilizing the Yunnan plateau climate. The purpose of S1 is to cultivate dominant male sterile lines of excellent breeding varieties and seedling lines of triticale, and to construct a basic population for recurrent selection breeding of triticale.

[0032] In the present invention, the dominant male nuclear sterile lines of the excellent bred varieties and seedling lines of triticale obtained by S1 are used as the basic materials, and pollen of excellent triticale germplasm is applied, and seeds of excellent sterile plants are harvested and mixed and planted into progeny groups; the progeny sterile groups with better growth are selected as the mother parent, and the pollen of excellent triticale germplasm is continuously applied, and the cycle is repeated, and various types of excellent germplasms are continuously introduced into the breeding population to obtain a continuously developing triticale reincarnation selection breeding population; the excellent triticale germplasm includes materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources, new resistance sources, etc. The progeny sterile groups with better growth refer to sterile plants with strong tillering ability, luxuriant stems and leaves, large leaf volume, high leaf-stem ratio, neat ear layer, plant height of 140 to 190 cm, and strong disease resistance and stress tolerance. The poor sterile plants are eliminated before the flowering period; the plant height of the progeny sterile groups with better growth is further preferably 150 to 180 cm, and more preferably about 170 cm. The purpose of S2 is to continuously introduce various types of excellent germplasm into the breeding population and build a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population.

[0033] In the present invention, the continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male nuclear sterile plants and fertile plants in the breeding population obtained by S2 promotes the exchange and recombination of genes in the population, continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population, and obtains a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding improvement population. In this step, the sterile plants and fertile plants involved in the hybridization in the breeding population are all excellent individual plants with excellent feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance in the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage. The outcrossing improvement work of sterile plants and fertile plants in the breeding population in this step is continuously carried out. The purpose of S3 is to continuously optimize and improve the breeding population through the selective hybridization of excellent fertile plants and sterile plants in the population.

[0034] In the present invention, the improved population obtained in S3 is used as a separation selection population, and excellent fertile plants are selected for variety breeding to obtain excellent new varieties of triticale. In this step, the selected fertile plants are excellent individual plants with outstanding feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage. This selection work can be carried out in each generation. The purpose of S4 is to breed new varieties of triticale.

[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] The three dominant male-sterile triticale materials NTH368, NTH792 and NTH828 were all bred by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] S1. Select three excellent dominant male sterile triticale materials NTH368, NTH792 and NTH828 with early, medium and medium-late maturity as donor parents, and use excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines as recurrent parents. Perform 4-5 generations of large-scale backcrossing to transfer the Ms2 gene in the original male sterile triticale materials into excellent forage triticale breeding varieties Zhongsi 237, Zhongsi 828, Zhongsi 1048, Zhongsi 1877, Jisi 2, Jisi 3, Shida 1, Xinxiaoheimai 2, Jinsicao 1 and Zhongsi 1257, Zhongsi 1827, Zhongsi 16 From the leading lines such as Zhongsi 1892, Zhongsi 2885, Zhongsi 3241, and Zhongsi 3297 (all of these varieties have passed the national or provincial variety approval (recognition)), we obtained excellent triticale breeding varieties and dominant male sterile lines of the leading lines, and constructed the basic population for triticale recurrent selection breeding; in the backcross breeding process, we carried out off-site generation increase, sowed in Yuanmou County, Yunnan in early September, and harvested before mid-February of the following year, realizing one southern breeding generation increase; then, we soaked the seeds in late February in Beijing and sowed them when the seeds were white, and harvested before mid-June, realizing one northern breeding planting, achieving two generations of breeding a year and accelerating the breeding process.

[0039] S2. Take the dominant male sterile lines of the excellent triticale varieties and seedling lines obtained in S1 as the basic population, and fertilize with pollen of excellent triticale germplasm (materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources, new resistance sources, etc.), and harvest the seeds of excellent sterile plants, and mix and plant them into progeny populations; select the progeny sterile populations with better growth (strong tillering ability, luxuriant stems and leaves, large leaf volume, high leaf-stem ratio, neat ear layer, and plant height of 150-180cm), and continue to fertilize with pollen of excellent triticale germplasm, and repeat this cycle, continuously fertilize each generation with pollen. A group of excellent germplasm was introduced into the variety, and a continuously developing recurrent selection breeding group of triticale was obtained; the materials with outstanding biological yield traits include NTH3389 and Ji Si No. 6; the new high-quality sources include materials with broad and thick leaves, relatively high leaf-stem ratio, and materials with high silage protein content; the materials with broad and thick leaves, relatively high leaf-stem ratio include NTH3562 and NTH3551; the materials with high silage protein content include NTH3356; the new resistance sources include NTH3249 with outstanding resistance to both yellow dwarf disease and stripe rust.

[0040] While S2 continuously introduces various types of excellent germplasm into the breeding population, it also promotes the exchange and recombination of genes within the population through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male sterile plants and fertile plants within the population, continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population, and obtains a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population. The sterile plants and fertile plants involved in the hybridization in the breeding population are all excellent individual plants with excellent feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage.

[0041] S4. Select excellent fertile plants from the improved population obtained in S3 for variety breeding to obtain excellent new varieties of triticale. The selected fertile plants are all excellent fertile plants with outstanding feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage, and are characterized by compact plant type, large biomass, high leaf-stem ratio, neat ear layer, high seed setting rate, strong disease resistance and stress tolerance, etc. They can be used to breed new varieties of triticale through pedigree breeding. Zhongsi 3317, Zhongsi 3390, etc. are all high-quality, high-yield, high-generation and stable new lines bred through this approach.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] S1. Select three excellent dominant male sterile triticale materials NTH368, NTH792 and NTH828 with early, medium and medium-late maturity as donor parents, and use excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines as recurrent parents. Carry out 4-5 generations of large-scale backcrossing to transfer the Ms2 gene in the original male sterile triticale materials into excellent forage triticale breeding varieties Zhongsi 237, Zhongsi 828, Zhongsi 1048, Zhongsi 1877, Jisi 2, Jisi 3, Shida 1, Xinxiaoheimai 2, Jinsicao 1 and Zhongsi 1257, Zhongsi 1827, Zhongsi 1640, Zhongsi 1892, Zhongsi 2885 , Zhongsi 3241, Zhongsi 3297 and other seedling lines, we obtained the dominant male sterile lines of excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines, and constructed the basic population for triticale recurrent selection breeding; in the backcross breeding process, we carried out off-site generation, sowed in Yuanmou County, Yunnan in early September, and harvested before mid-February of the following year, realizing one southern breeding generation; then, we soaked the seeds in late February in Beijing and sowed them, and harvested before mid-June, realizing one northern breeding planting, achieving two generations of breeding a year and accelerating the breeding process.

[0044] S2. Use the dominant male sterile lines of the excellent triticale varieties and seedling lines obtained in S1 as the basic group, inoculate with pollen of excellent triticale germplasm (materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources, new resistance sources, etc.), harvest seeds of excellent sterile plants, and plant them mixedly into progeny groups; select progeny sterile groups with better growth (strong tillering ability, luxuriant stems and leaves, large leaf volume, high leaf-stem ratio, neat ear layer, plant height of 150-180cm), and continue to inoculate with pollen of excellent triticale germplasm, and repeat this cycle, continuously introduce various excellent germplasms into the group, and obtain a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding group. The materials with outstanding biological yield traits include NTH3389 and Ji Si No. 6. The new high-quality sources include materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf-stems and materials with high silage protein content. The materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf-stems include NTH3562 and NTH3551. The materials with high silage protein content include NTH3356. The new resistance sources include NTH3249 with outstanding resistance to both yellow dwarf disease and stripe rust.

[0045] While S2 continuously introduces various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, it also promotes the exchange and recombination of genes within the population through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male sterile plants and fertile plants within the population, and continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population. The sterile plants and fertile plants involved in the hybridization in the breeding population are all excellent single plants with excellent feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage.

[0046] S4. Select excellent fertile plants from the improved population for variety breeding to obtain excellent new triticale varieties. The selected fertile plants are all excellent individual plants with outstanding feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and flowering stage, which are characterized by compact plant type, large biomass, high leaf-stem ratio, neat ear layer, high seed setting rate, good disease resistance and stress tolerance, etc. They can be used to breed new triticale varieties through pedigree breeding. Zhongsi 3389, Zhongsi 3539, etc. are all high-quality, high-yield, high-generation and stable new lines bred through this approach.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] In the three annual triticale growing seasons of 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024, test sites were arranged at the Dongpu Field Test Site of the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Xinxiang Base in Henan Province, and the Shunyi Base in Beijing to conduct variety comparison tests on 20 lines including Zhongsi 3317, Zhongsi 3389, Zhongsi 3390, and Zhongsi 3539. The test was set up with three replicates and a randomized block design. The area of ​​each replicate plot was 15m 2 , row spacing 20cm; seeding rate: 1.5 million seeds / hm2 in Xinxiang, Henan 2 , Beijing Dongpu Farm 2.25 million grains / hm2 , Beijing Shunyi 2.7 million tablets / hm 2 ; Sowing period: October 22 in Xinxiang, Henan, October 28 in Dongpuchang, Beijing, October 5 in Shunyi, Beijing; Field management: Only wintering water and greening water are needed, and other field management methods can refer to the conventional management of wheat fields.

[0049] Zhongfeed 3317:

[0050] Biological characteristics: Winter, mid-maturing; good tillering ability, 6-9 effective tillers per plant; thick stems (stem diameter up to 3.45mm), plant height 165-175cm; broad and thick leaves, 19-25cm long, 1.7-2.1cm wide; long conical spikes, 10-12cm long, short awns, white shells; red grains, 27-30 spikelets per spike, 44-48 grains per spike, 1000-grain weight 46-50g.

[0051] Yield performance: In the three-year variety comparison test, each hectare can produce 54.75-62.87 tons of green fodder, 13.89-16.38 tons of dry fodder, and 4.56-5.40 tons of seeds, which are about 11.5%, 13.1%, and 5.89% higher than the nationally approved control variety Zhongsi 1048.

[0052] Disease and stress resistance: Strong disease resistance, immune to powdery mildew, highly resistant to leaf rust, and moderately resistant to stripe rust. Outstanding stress resistance, with strong cold resistance, drought resistance, water conservation, barrenness resistance, saline-alkali resistance, etc., and wide adaptability. In the joint identification of triticale stress resistance organized by the triticale breeding project (2023ZD0402605), a major special project in agricultural biological breeding, Zhongsi 3317 showed outstanding cold resistance at two test sites in Shunyi, Beijing and Zhuozhou, Hebei, with the number of dead stems overwintering less than 20% (the number of dead stems overwintering at the two test sites were 15.28% and 6.25%, respectively); the salt-alkali resistance is also strong. At the salt-alkali resistance identification test site in Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, Zhongsi 3317 ranked first in hay yield among the 16 participating materials, reaching 15.50t / hm 2 In the 300-mu Zhongshui 3317 salt-alkali tolerant water-saving high-yield cultivation test field in Shule County, Kashgar City, Xinjiang (see Figure 4 ), green feed production reached 60.15t / hm 2 .

[0053] Zhongfeed 3389:

[0054] Biological characteristics: Winter nature, mid-late maturity; strong tillering ability, 8 to 11 effective tillers per plant; relatively thick stems (stem diameter up to 3.13mm), plant height 170 to 180cm; leaf length 17 to 22cm, leaf width 1.8 to 2.1cm; rectangular panicle, 9.5 to 12cm long, top awn, white shell; red grains, 28 to 30 spikelets per panicle, 42 to 47 grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight 44 to 48 grams.

[0055] Yield performance: In the three-year variety comparison test, each hectare can produce 57.76-62.98 tons of green fodder, 14.83-16.64 tons of dry fodder, and 4.53-5.10 tons of seeds, which are an average increase of 14.47%, 17.58%, and 2.43% respectively compared with the nationally approved control variety Zhongsi 1048.

[0056] Disease resistance and stress tolerance: Strong disease resistance, immune to powdery mildew, moderate resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust. Outstanding stress tolerance, strong cold resistance, drought resistance, water conservation, barrenness resistance, etc., and wide adaptability.

[0057] Zhongfeed 3390:

[0058] Biological characteristics: Winter nature, medium-early maturity; good tillering ability, 5 to 8 effective tillers per plant; thick stems (stem diameter up to 3.29mm), plant height 172 to 182cm; leaf length 17 to 21cm, leaf width 1.7 to 2.0cm; rectangular panicle, 9 to 11cm long, top awn, white shell; red grains, 26 to 28 spikelets per panicle, 40 to 46 grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight 41 to 45 grams.

[0059] Yield performance: In the three-year variety comparison test, each hectare can produce 59.04-65.82 tons of green fodder, 15.78-17.82 tons of dry fodder, and 5.15-5.68 tons of seeds, which are an average increase of 18.38%, 25.57%, and 15.19% respectively compared with the nationally approved control variety Zhongsi 1048.

[0060] Disease resistance and stress tolerance: Strong disease resistance, immune to powdery mildew, moderate resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust. Strong stress tolerance, good drought and water conservation, barrenness and saline-alkali tolerance, outstanding cold resistance. In the joint identification of triticale stress tolerance organized by the triticale breeding project of the major agricultural biological breeding project, Zhongshi 3390 showed outstanding cold resistance at two test sites in Shunyi, Beijing and Zhuozhou, Hebei, with the number of dead stems overwintering less than 20% (the number of dead stems overwintering at the two test sites was 17.67% and 16.67% respectively), and the hay yield at the two test sites ranked first and second among the 10 test materials.

[0061] Zhongfeed 3539:

[0062] Biological characteristics: Winter, mid-late maturity; average tillering ability, 4 to 6 effective tillers per plant; thick stems (stem diameter up to 3.47mm), tall plants (plant height 176-186cm); broad and thick leaves, 21-26cm long, 1.8-2.2cm wide; long conical panicles, 9-11cm long, with long awns and white shells; red grains, 26-28 spikelets per panicle, 42-47 grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight 46-51 grams.

[0063] Yield performance: In the three-year variety comparison test, each hectare can produce 56.94-61.68 tons of green fodder, 14.12-16.02 tons of dry fodder, and 4.77-5.52 tons of seeds, which are respectively about 12.45%, 12.62%, and 9.44% higher than the nationally approved control variety Zhongsi 1048.

[0064] Disease and stress resistance: Strong disease resistance, immune to powdery mildew, highly resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust. Good stress resistance, strong cold resistance, salt and alkali resistance, barrenness resistance, outstanding drought resistance and water-saving performance. In the joint identification of triticale stress resistance organized by the triticale breeding project of the major agricultural biological breeding project, Zhongshi 3539 ranked the top three in hay and green fodder yields among the 16 participating materials at the drought resistance and water-saving identification test site in Hengshui, Hebei, with an average increase of 12.63% and 16.61% respectively over the control Gannong No. 2.

[0065] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides an efficient breeding method for forage rye based on the dominant nuclear sterile gene Ms2. The breeding method of high-quality triticale of the present invention broadens the genetic basis of the breeding population, and the obtained high-quality triticale has the characteristics of high yield, strong stress tolerance and excellent feeding traits.

[0066] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient breeding method for forage triticale based on the dominant nuclear sterile gene Ms2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Using dominant male sterile hexaploid triticale as donor parent and excellent triticale breeding varieties or seedling lines as recurrent parents, large-scale backcrossing was performed to obtain dominant male sterile lines of excellent triticale breeding varieties and seedling lines, and to construct a basic population for recurrent selection breeding of triticale; S2. Using the dominant male sterile lines of the excellent bred varieties and seedling lines obtained in S1 as basic materials, pollen them with excellent triticale germplasm, harvest seeds of excellent sterile plants, and plant them together to form a progeny population; selecting the progeny sterile population with better growth as the female parent, and continue to pollinate them with excellent triticale germplasm, and repeat this cycle, continuously introducing various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, and obtaining a continuously developing triticale recurrent selection breeding population; the excellent triticale germplasm includes materials with outstanding biological yield traits, new high-quality sources or new resistance sources; S3. While S2 continuously introduces various excellent germplasms into the breeding population, it also promotes the exchange and recombination of genes within the population through continuous selective outcrossing of dominant male sterile plants with fertile plants within the population, continuously improves and optimizes the genetic composition of the breeding population, and obtains a continuously developing reincarnation selection improved breeding population; S4. Select excellent fertile plants from the improved population, cultivate new varieties of triticale through pedigree selection, and obtain excellent new varieties of triticale.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye includes early-maturing, mid-maturing and mid-late maturing male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye. The early-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH368, the mid-maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH792, and the mid-late maturing dominant male nuclear sterile hexaploid rye variety includes NTH828.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of backcrossings in the large population is 4 to 5 times.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the excellent triticale varieties are Zhongsi 237, Zhongsi 828, Zhongsi 1048, Zhongsi 1877, Jisi 2, Jisi 3, Shida 1, Xinxiaomai 2 and Jinsicao 1; the seedling lines include Zhongsi 1257, Zhongsi 1827, Zhongsi 1640, Zhongsi 1892, Zhongsi 2885, Zhongsi 3241 and Zhongsi 3297.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In S1, by expanding the backcross population, sterile plants with a higher recovery rate of the recurrent parent's genetic background are selected from the population as female parents to shorten the backcross breeding cycle.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The materials with outstanding biological yield traits in S2 include NTH3389 and Ji Si No.

6. The new high-quality sources include materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf-stems and materials with high silage protein content. The materials with broad and thick leaves and relatively high leaf-stems include NTH3562 and NTH3551. The materials with high silage protein content include NTH3356. The new resistance sources include NTH3249 with outstanding resistance to both yellow dwarf disease and stripe rust.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sterile plants and fertile plants involved in hybridization in the breeding population are all excellent single plants with excellent feeding traits and disease resistance and stress tolerance at the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and flowering stage.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S3, the cross-breeding improvement of sterile plants and fertile plants in the breeding population is carried out continuously and is a task that needs to be carried out in every generation.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, excellent fertile plants can be selected in each generation to cultivate new varieties of triticale.

10. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The excellent fertile plants are fertile plants with compact plant shape, large biomass, neat panicle layers, high seed setting rate, and good disease resistance and stress tolerance.

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