Pteridophyte improvement medium as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a pteridophyte improvement medium as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of gardening. The improvement medium comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 70-80% of turf, 5-15% of a dry branch and fallen leaf fermentation product, 5-10% of an animal waste organic fertilizer, 3-7% of a porous mineral material and 1-3% of a growth regulator. The invention further provides application of the pteridophyte improvement medium in pteridophyte planting, and the pteridophyte improvement medium and pteridophyte original soil are mixed for adjustment and improvement. Through detection, the pteridophyte improvement medium has proper pH, EC value, organic matter content and other indexes, and can effectively improve pteridophyte soil physical and chemical properties, promote plant growth and improve ornamental value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of horticulture, and in particular relates to a fern improvement medium and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an ancient and unique plant group, ferns occupy an important position in the field of horticulture and have extremely high ornamental value. However, the growth of ferns has strict requirements on the soil environment, and the native soil often has many factors that are not conducive to its growth.

[0003] First of all, ferns need rich and balanced nutrients to support their growth and development. The nutrient content in the native soil often cannot meet the needs of ferns. The soil in many ferns' native habitats may have low organic matter content due to long-term natural erosion, changes in vegetation cover or other environmental factors. At the same time, the lack of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in the soil is also common, causing ferns to grow slowly, have yellow leaves, and be short plants.

[0004] In addition, the structure of the soil is crucial for the growth and function of the fern root system. Native soils have poor structural problems, such as poor aeration and poor water retention. In addition, poor soil structure is also manifested as soil compaction, where soil particles are tightly packed together and porosity is reduced, which not only affects the extension and penetration of the root system, but also further exacerbates the problems of aeration and water retention.

[0005] Finally, ferns have specific requirements for soil pH. Different species of ferns may adapt to different pH ranges, but in general, many ferns grow best in slightly acidic soil environments. The pH of native soil may vary depending on factors such as region and soil parent material, and may be neutral or even alkaline. In alkaline soils, the effectiveness of trace elements such as iron and manganese is reduced, and plants are prone to symptoms such as iron and manganese deficiency, which manifests as yellowing leaves and other phenomena.

[0006] Therefore, in view of these problems existing in the native soil of ferns, a medium is needed that can comprehensively improve the soil environment, starting from multiple aspects such as soil fertility, structure and pH, so as to meet the growth needs of ferns, promote the healthy growth of ferns and improve their ornamental value. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fern improvement medium and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of fern soil, promote the growth of fern, and enhance the ornamental value.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A fern improvement medium comprises the following raw materials by volume: 70%-80% peat, 5%-15% fermented dead branches and leaves, 5%-10% animal manure organic fertilizer, 3%-7% porous mineral material, and 1%-3% growth regulator.

[0010] Preferably, the animal manure organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting one or more of carnivore manure, herbivore manure, omnivore manure and bird manure in a zoo.

[0011] Preferably, the porous mineral material is selected from one or more of perlite, vermiculite and zeolite.

[0012] Preferably, the growth regulator is selected from one or more of macro- and micro-element fertilizers, nutritional active agents, sulfur powder and gibberellins. More preferably, the nutritional active agent is selected from one or more of humic acids, microbial agents and seaweed extracts.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the fern improved medium, comprising the following steps: fermenting the dead branches and fallen leaves fermentation product and animal excrement organic fertilizer, measuring each raw material and mixing them according to proportion.

[0014] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented litter comprises: crushing the collected litter as raw materials, adding sawdust to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40-80:1, adjusting the moisture content to 50%-60%, and fermenting at 55-65°C for 3-6 months.

[0015] Preferably, the method for preparing the animal manure organic fertilizer comprises: collecting one or more of carnivore manure, herbivore manure, omnivore manure and bird manure in a zoo as raw materials, inoculating a fermentation agent, and fermenting at 55-65° C. for 3-6 months until decomposed.

[0016] The invention also provides application of the fern improvement medium in fern planting.

[0017] Preferably, the original soil for growing ferns is mixed with the fern improvement medium in a volume ratio of 1-3:1.

[0018] More preferably, the method further comprises testing the pH after mixing, and when the pH is above 7.8, further adding peat and / or sulfur to adjust the pH to below 7.8.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] It has the function of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. (1) Improving fertility: Fermented leaves and branches are rich in organic matter and various nutrients, and animal manure organic fertilizer contains a large amount of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements. The two work together to provide comprehensive nutrition for ferns and significantly improve soil fertility; (2) Structural optimization: Fermented leaves and branches increase soil porosity, making the soil more loose and breathable, and the beneficial microorganisms in animal manure organic fertilizer can improve the structure of soil microbial communities. The two work together to improve soil fertility and structure. At the same time, porous mineral materials (such as perlite, vermiculite and zeolite) have good air permeability and drainage, which further optimizes the soil structure, prevents soil waterlogging and compaction, and creates a suitable growth environment for the roots of ferns; (3) pH regulation: Growth regulators can adjust the pH value of the medium to make it more suitable for the growth of ferns.

[0021] It has the function of promoting the growth of ferns. (1) Comprehensive nutrient supply: The various components in the improved medium provide comprehensive nutrition for ferns, including macroelements and trace elements, which meet the needs of plant growth and development and promote the growth of plants; (2) Good growth environment: The optimized soil structure and suitable pH, as well as sufficient nutrient supply, provide good conditions for the growth and respiration of fern roots, which is conducive to the healthy growth of plants and improves the growth indicators of ferns such as plant height and crown width; (3) Healthy plant growth: By promoting the growth of ferns, the plant shape becomes fuller and the leaves become greener, which improves the ornamental value of the plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It shows the growth conditions of ferns in different soil environments. In the figure, from left to right, they are 100% original soil cultivation, original soil: improved medium = 1:1 cultivation, original soil: improved medium = 2:1 cultivation, 100% improved medium cultivation, and 100% peat cultivation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a fern improvement medium, which includes the following raw materials by volume fraction: 70%-80% peat, 5%-15% litter fermentation, 5%-10% animal manure organic fertilizer, 3%-7% porous mineral material, and 1%-3% growth regulator; preferably 72%-78% peat, 8%-12% litter fermentation, 7%-9% animal manure organic fertilizer, 4%-6% porous mineral material, and 1.5%-2.5% growth regulator; more preferably 75% peat, 10% litter fermentation, 8% animal manure organic fertilizer, 5% porous mineral material, and 2% growth regulator. According to testing, the fern improvement medium of the present invention has a pH of about 6.87, an EC value of about 0.4mS / cm, an organic matter content of 45%-50%, a non-pore porosity of ≥20, and a bulk density of ≤0.81g / cm3 .

[0024] In the present invention, peat is a special organic-inorganic complex produced by the decomposition of ancient plants buried underground. It is rich in organic matter and humic acid, has strong acidity, low bulk density, and strong water holding capacity. However, single peat is not suitable for the growth of ferns, and has a poor effect on improving the native soil of ferns. It needs to be supplemented with other raw materials as a fern improvement medium.

[0025] In the present invention, the fermented dead branches and leaves are rich in organic matter. During the fermentation process, the complex organic matter inside is decomposed by microorganisms and converted into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. It also contains a certain amount of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Although the content is relatively low, it can play a certain auxiliary role in the nutritional supplement of ferns; it can increase the porosity of the soil, making the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth and respiration of the roots of ferns, and can also improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, reduce nutrient leaching, and provide ferns with a continuous and stable supply of water and nutrients.

[0026] In the present invention, the method for preparing the fermented litter preferably comprises: crushing the collected litter as raw materials, further preferably crushing to 1-3 cm, more preferably 2 cm, adding sawdust to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40-80:1, more preferably 60:1, adjusting the moisture content to 50%-60%, more preferably 55%, and fermenting at 55-65°C for 3-6 months, and more preferably the fermentation temperature is 60°C. The fermentation conditions of the fermented litter of the present invention are conducive to the growth and reproduction of a variety of beneficial microorganisms, can efficiently decompose the organic matter in the litter, and can also effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds that may be carried in the litter. The present invention does not specifically limit the source of the litter, and as an optional embodiment, it is selected from natural fallen leaves in forests or artificially trimmed branches and leaves in forests, parks, orchards, street greening, etc.

[0027] In the present invention, it is preferred that animal excrement organic fertilizer is fermented with one or more of carnivore excrement, herbivore excrement, omnivore excrement and bird excrement in the zoo. Different from traditional livestock and poultry excrement, the animal excrement in the zoo has the characteristics of complex composition and complete nutritional elements. Animal excrement organic fertilizer contains a large amount of major nutritional elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which are indispensable in the growth process of ferns. In addition to a large number of elements, it also contains a variety of trace elements, such as zinc, manganese, copper, etc., which participate in the synthesis and activation of enzymes, etc., and have an irreplaceable effect on the normal physiological function of ferns. In addition, animal excrement organic fertilizer also contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, which can improve the microbial community structure of soil.

[0028] In the present invention, the method for preparing animal manure organic fertilizer preferably includes: collecting one or more of carnivore manure, herbivore manure, omnivore manure and bird manure in the zoo as raw materials, inoculating fermentation agents, and fermenting at 55-65°C for 3-6 months until decomposition. The fermentation process includes an initial fermentation stage, a high temperature stage and a cooling stage, wherein the temperature in the initial fermentation stage is 20-30°C, which is conducive to the start-up growth of a variety of microorganisms and the beginning of decomposition of organic matter in the manure; the temperature in the high temperature stage is 55-65°C, during which thermophilic microorganisms multiply in large numbers, can quickly decompose complex organic matter in the manure, and can also kill pathogens, insect eggs, weed seeds and other harmful organisms that may exist in the manure, reducing the harm to ferns; cooling in the late fermentation stage, the temperature will gradually drop to 40-50°C, at which time the activity of the microorganisms gradually slows down, and the deep decomposition and stabilization process of some organic matter is mainly carried out. The present invention has no special restrictions on the specific types of animal feces. As an implementable method, carnivore feces come from tigers, lions, wolves, leopards, etc., herbivorous feces come from elephants, giraffes, zebras, sika deer, alpacas, etc., omnivorous feces come from wild boars, brown bears, monkeys, etc., and bird feces come from peacocks, ostriches, owls, etc. The present invention has no special restrictions on the specific source of the fermentation agent, and it can be directly obtained through market channels.

[0029] In the present invention, the porous mineral material has a large number of tiny pores inside, which can significantly improve the air permeability of the medium and ensure that the fern root system can obtain sufficient oxygen; it also has good drainage performance and can prevent water accumulation in the improved medium. In the present invention, the porous mineral material is preferably selected from one or more of perlite, vermiculite and zeolite, and more preferably the perlite particle size is 2-3mm, the vermiculite particle size is 3-5mm, and the zeolite particle size is 2-5mm.

[0030] In the present invention, the growth regulator is preferably selected from one or more of large and medium trace element fertilizers, nutritional active agents, sulfur powder and gibberellins; further preferably, the nutritional active agent is selected from one or more of humic acid, microbial agents and seaweed extracts. The above growth regulator can adjust the pH value of the medium, balance nutrients, increase the content of trace elements, improve biological activity, regulate the growth process of ferns, and enhance the resistance of ferns to environmental stress.

[0031] In the fern improver medium of the present invention, the fermented litter, animal manure organic fertilizer and growth regulator work together to provide comprehensive nutrition for the fern; the fermented litter and animal manure organic fertilizer improve the fertility and structure of the soil, and the perlite improves the air permeability and drainage of the soil, and the three work together to create a suitable soil environment for the fern; the growth regulator cooperates with other ingredients to regulate the growth and development of the fern.

[0032] The invention also provides a method for preparing the fern improved medium, comprising the following steps: preparing a fermented product of dead branches and fallen leaves and an organic fertilizer of animal excrement by fermentation, and measuring each raw material and mixing them in proportion.

[0033] The present invention also provides an application of the fern improvement medium in the cultivation of ferns; preferably, the original soil for the growth of ferns is mixed with the fern improvement medium at a volume ratio of 1-3:1, more preferably at a volume ratio of 2:1, and more preferably, the original soil of the ferns is deep-turned to 60 cm, and then mixed with the fern improvement medium. Preferably, pH detection is performed after mixing, and when the pH is detected to be above 7.8, peat and / or sulfur is further added to a pH below 7.8 to facilitate the growth of ferns.

[0034] In the present invention, preferred ferns include but are not limited to Cynomorium cyrtonema, Dryopteris rubra, Pteris jinglanweiwei, Pteris viviparum, Pteris centipede, Pteris purpurogenum, Pteris odoratum and Pteris dactylis.

[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A fern improved medium is prepared by the following steps:

[0038] (1) Preparation of fermented leaf litter: Natural fallen leaves from the forest were crushed into 2 cm pieces, sawdust was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 60:1, the moisture content was adjusted to 55%, and fermented at 60°C for 3 months.

[0039] (2) Preparation of animal manure organic fertilizer: Collect the manure of animals in the zoo as raw material, inoculate it with fermentation agents, and ferment it at 55°C for 3 months until it is decomposed.

[0040] (3) Mixing: Take each raw material and mix them according to the volume fraction of 75% peat, 10% fermented dead branches and leaves, 8% animal manure organic fertilizer, 5% perlite (2-3mm), and 2% humic acid nutrient active agent.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A fern improved medium is prepared by the following steps:

[0043] (1) Preparation of fermented dead leaves: The artificially pruned dead leaves in the park were crushed into 1 cm raw materials, sawdust was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40:1, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and fermented at 55°C for 6 months.

[0044] (2) Preparation of animal manure organic fertilizer: Collect the manure of animals in the zoo as raw material, inoculate it with fermentation agents, and ferment it at 65℃ for 3 months until it is decomposed.

[0045] (3) Mixing: Take the raw materials according to the volume fraction: 72% peat, 12% fermented dead branches and leaves, 7% animal manure organic fertilizer, 6% vermiculite (3-5mm), and 6% macro-, medium- and trace element fertilizers (N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn) 1.5% mixed.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] A fern improved medium is prepared by the following steps:

[0048] (1) Preparation of fermented dead branches and leaves: The artificially pruned dead branches and leaves of street greening were crushed into 3 cm raw materials, sawdust was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 80:1, the moisture content was adjusted to 60%, and fermented at 65°C for 4 months.

[0049] (2) Preparation of animal manure organic fertilizer: Collect the manure of animals in the zoo as raw material, inoculate with fermentation agents, and ferment at 60℃ for 6 months until it is decomposed.

[0050] (3) Mixing: Take various raw materials and mix them according to the volume fraction of 78% peat, 8% fermented dead branches and leaves, 9% animal manure organic fertilizer, 4% zeolite (2-5 mm), 1% gibberellin, and 1.5% seaweed extract.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A fern improved medium is prepared by the following steps:

[0053] (1) Preparation of fermented dead branches and leaves: The dead branches and leaves of artificially pruned forests were crushed into 1.5 cm raw materials, sawdust was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 50:1, the moisture content was adjusted to 52%, and fermented at 58°C for 4.5 months.

[0054] (2) Preparation of animal manure organic fertilizer: The manure of animals in the zoo was collected as raw material, inoculated with fermentation agents, and fermented at 62°C for 5 months until it was decomposed.

[0055] (3) Mixing: Take each raw material and mix them according to the volume fraction of 76% peat, 9% fermented dead branches and leaves, 8.5% animal manure organic fertilizer, 2.5% perlite (2-3mm), 2% vermiculite (3-5mm), 1.3% seaweed extract, 0.5% microbial agent, and 0.2% sulfur powder.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] A method for improving native soil of ferns, comprising the following steps:

[0058] The native soil of the fern was deep-turned to 60 cm, and mixed evenly with the fern-improved medium described in Example 1 at a volume ratio of 2:1; after mixing, pH detection was performed, and when the pH was detected to be above 7.8, peat was further added to reduce the pH to below 7.8.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] A method for improving native soil of ferns, comprising the following steps:

[0061] The native soil of the fern was deep-turned to 60 cm, and mixed evenly with the fern-improved medium described in Example 4 at a volume ratio of 1:1; after mixing, pH detection was performed, and when the pH was detected to be above 7.8, peat was further added to reduce the pH to below 7.8.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] A method for improving native soil of ferns, comprising the following steps:

[0064] The native soil of the fern was deep-turned to 60 cm, and mixed evenly with the fern-improved medium described in Example 2 at a volume ratio of 3:1; after mixing, pH detection was performed, and when the pH was detected to be above 7.8, sulfur was further added to reduce the pH to below 7.8.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] 1. Demonstration site survey

[0067] On April 3, 2023, the physical and chemical properties of the soil before planting ferns at four demonstration sites in Shanghai were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil background survey before fern improvement at demonstration sites

[0069]

[0070] According to Table 1, before soil improvement, the soil pH value of each demonstration point was high, the nutrients were low, the organic matter content was low, the soil bulk density was high, the aeration was poor, the soil was compacted, and the soil quality of North Bund was better than that of Dongjiao Hotel.

[0071] 2. Pot Plant Test

[0072] Based on the results of the demonstration site survey test, a potted test was conducted using the original soil on the east side of the south building of Dongjiao Hotel and the improved medium of Example 1 as raw materials. The fern plant selected in this test was Dryopteris rubrum, and was divided into five treatments: 100% original soil cultivation, original soil + improved medium (volume ratio 1:1) cultivation, original soil + improved medium (volume ratio 2:1) cultivation, 100% improved medium cultivation, and 100% peat cultivation. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The test results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 shown.

[0073] Table 2 Growth results of ferns under different potting treatments

[0074]

[0075] According to Table 2 and Figure 1 It can be seen that among the five potted treatments, the ideal plant height and crown width are original soil + improved medium (volume ratio 1:1) and original soil + improved medium (volume ratio 2:1), and the worst is 100% original soil cultivation. Considering the economic cost and the comprehensive test results, it is determined that the use of the ratio of original soil + medium (volume ratio 2:1) for fern cultivation is more economical and more effective.

[0076] 3. Large-area test

[0077] The soil of the above four demonstration points was improved, and the original soil was deep-turned to 60 cm for improvement, and the ratio of original soil + improved medium of Example 1 (volume ratio 2:1) was used and mixed evenly. On May 15, 2023, the demonstration points were sampled and tested again, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0078] Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of soil background survey after fern improvement at demonstration sites

[0079]

[0080] According to Table 3, it can be seen that fern-improved media can lower the original soil pH, increase nutrient concentration, increase organic matter content, reduce soil bulk density, increase aeration, and improve soil compaction problems.

[0081] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fern improvement medium, It is characterized in that The raw materials include the following by volume: 70%-80% peat, 5%-15% fermented dead branches and leaves, 5%-10% animal manure organic fertilizer, 3%-7% porous mineral material, and 1%-3% growth regulator.

2. The fern improvement medium according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The animal excrement organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting one or more of the excrement of carnivorous animals, herbivorous animals, omnivorous animals and bird excrement in a zoo.

3. The fern improvement medium according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The porous mineral material is selected from one or more of perlite, vermiculite and zeolite.

4. The fern improvement medium according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The growth regulator is selected from one or more of macro- and micro-element fertilizers, nutritional active agents, sulfur powder and gibberellins; the nutritional active agent is selected from one or more of humic acids, microbial agents and seaweed extracts.

5. A method for preparing the fern improvement medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: The fermented dead branches and fallen leaves and animal excrement organic fertilizer are prepared by fermentation, and each raw material is measured and mixed according to a proportion.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The method for preparing the fermented litter comprises: crushing the collected litter into raw materials, adding sawdust to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40-80:1, adjusting the water content to 50%-60%, and fermenting at 55-65° C. for 3-6 months.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The method for preparing the animal excrement organic fertilizer comprises: collecting one or more of carnivore excrement, herbivore excrement, omnivore excrement and bird excrement in a zoo as raw materials, inoculating a fermentation agent, and fermenting at 55-65° C. for 3-6 months until decomposed.

8. Use of the fern improvement medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in fern cultivation.

9. The use according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The original soil for growing ferns is mixed with the fern improvement medium in a volume ratio of 1-3:

1.

10. The use according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The method further comprises testing the pH value after mixing, and when the pH value is above 7.8, further adding peat and / or sulfur to adjust the pH value to below 7.8.

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