Arc dynamic characteristic regulation and control device and arc voltage calculation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an arc dynamic characteristic regulation and control device and an arc voltage calculation method, and relates to the technical field of physical characteristic measurement. The arc dynamic characteristic regulation and control device comprises a test box, an environment regulation assembly, an electrode assembly, a first driving assembly and a second driving assembly. Wherein the test box is provided with a test cavity; the environment adjusting assembly is communicated with the test cavity so as to adjust the gas environment in the test cavity; the electrode assembly is located in the test cavity and comprises a rod-shaped first electrode and an annular second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode extend in the vertical direction, and the second electrode is located under the first electrode; the first driving assembly is arranged in the test cavity and is used for driving the first electrode to translate along the radial direction of the second electrode; the second driving assembly is arranged in the test cavity and used for driving the second electrode to ascend and descend in the vertical direction or rotate around the center axis of the second electrode, and the influence of different gas environment conditions on the three-dimensional electric arc generated in the sliding electric contact process can be detected through the regulation and control device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of physical property measurement technology, and more specifically, to an arc dynamic property control device. In addition, the present invention also relates to a method for calculating arc voltage applicable to the arc dynamic property control device. Background Art

[0002] Arc is a unique gas discharge phenomenon in the field of electrical contact. Arc can cause hazards such as short circuit, melting of electrical contacts, overvoltage, etc. Arc is the key issue restricting the improvement of the service life of electrical contact systems. Especially for the sliding arc scenario under low pressure, the dynamic evolution process of the arc under low pressure is complex. However, there is a lack of devices in this field that can detect the three-dimensional arc characteristics in the sliding electrical contact process under different pressure conditions, so as to reduce the ablation damage to the electrode.

[0003] In summary, how to provide a device that can adjust the gas pressure conditions to detect the three-dimensional arc characteristics during the sliding electrical contact process is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide an arc dynamic characteristic control device, through which the influence of different gas environment conditions on the three-dimensional arc generated in the sliding electrical contact process can be explored.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the arc voltage suitable for the above-mentioned arc dynamic characteristics control device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An arc dynamic characteristic control device, comprising:

[0008] A test chamber having a test chamber;

[0009] An environment adjustment component, connected to the test chamber to adjust the gas environment in the test chamber;

[0010] An electrode assembly, located in the test chamber, comprising a rod-shaped first electrode and a ring-shaped second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode both extend in a vertical direction, and the second electrode is located directly below the first electrode;

[0011] A first driving assembly, disposed in the test chamber, for driving the first electrode to translate radially along the second electrode;

[0012] The second driving assembly is arranged in the test chamber and is used for driving the second electrode to rise and fall in a vertical direction or to rotate around its own central axis.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an arc electrical data collector and a morphological data collection component;

[0014] The arc electrical data collector is used to obtain the voltage of the arc generated between the first electrode and the second electrode;

[0015] The morphology data acquisition component is located on the circumference of the electrode component and is used to obtain the three-dimensional morphology of the arc.

[0016] Preferably, the arc electrical data collector is an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected to the first electrode.

[0017] Preferably, the morphological data acquisition component includes a high-speed camera A, a high-speed camera B, and a high-speed camera C; the extension trajectories of any two of the high-speed camera A, the high-speed camera B, and the high-speed camera C are orthogonal, so that the high-speed camera A can capture a front view of the arc, the high-speed camera B can capture a side view of the arc, and the high-speed camera C can capture a top view of the arc.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes an arc burner and a power supply, the first electrode and the second electrode are both electrically connected to the power supply, and the arc burner is electrically connected between the first electrode and the power supply or between the second electrode and the power supply to be able to control arcing or arc extinguishing between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a control terminal, and the control terminal signal is connected to the power supply, the arc burner, the environmental adjustment component, the first drive component, the second drive component, the arc electrical data collector, and the morphological data collection component.

[0020] Preferably, the environmental conditioning component comprises a vacuum pump, the test box has an air suction port and an air exhaust port connected to the test chamber, and the vacuum pump is connected to the air suction port;

[0021] And / or, the test box is provided with a vacuum gauge to detect the air pressure in the test box.

[0022] A method for calculating arc voltage, applicable to any of the above-mentioned arc dynamic characteristic control devices, comprising:

[0023] S1: continuously acquiring the arc voltage U, the input current source value I, the falling distance L2 of the second electrode, the voltage U1 of the first electrode and the three-dimensional shape of the arc during the arc drawing time;

[0024] S2: determining the volume of the arc according to the three-dimensional shape of the arc, and then calculating the average cross-sectional area S on the surface of the second electrode during the arc drawing time according to the volume of the arc;

[0025] The voltage U2 of the second electrode is calculated according to the input current source value I and the drop distance L2 of the second electrode, and the actual arc voltage value U is calculated according to the arc voltage U, the voltage U1 of the first electrode and the voltage U2 of the second electrode. Arc ;

[0026] S3: Based on the average cross-sectional area S and the actual arc voltage value U Arc Calculate the energy density E of the arc input energy flux to the electrode.

[0027] Preferably, the actual arc voltage value U Arc The calculation method is: U Arc =U-U1-U2;

[0028] The voltage U2 of the second electrode is calculated as follows: U2=Iρ2L2 / S2; wherein ρ2 is the resistivity of the second electrode, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the second electrode.

[0029] Preferably, the energy density E is calculated as follows:

[0030] ;

[0031] Among them, T is the upper limit of the integral; U Arc (t) is the actual arc voltage value U that changes with time Arc Function; I(t) is a function of the input current source value I that changes with time; t is the arcing time; ∫ is the integral symbol; dt represents the integration of the variable t.

[0032] The present invention provides an arc dynamic characteristic control device, wherein an electrode assembly is arranged in the internal test chamber of a hollow test box, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode both extend in the vertical direction, that is, the axial directions of the first electrode and the second electrode are both in the vertical direction, and the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on the test box through corresponding first drive assemblies and second drive assemblies, so that the first drive assembly drives the first electrode to move radially along the second electrode, and the second drive assembly drives the second electrode to rise and fall in the vertical direction or rotate around its own central axis, then the control device can simulate the complex movement of the sliding electrical contact double electrodes, wherein the movement of the linear moving electrode is simulated by the rotation of the second electrode, and the movement of the double electrodes to generate the sliding arc is simulated by the movement of the first electrode along the radial direction of the second electrode and the lifting and lowering movement of the second electrode.

[0033] Accordingly, the control device is equipped with an environmental adjustment component to adjust the gas environment in the test chamber, such as the gas pressure or gas type in the test chamber, so as to explore the influence of different gas environment conditions on the three-dimensional arc generated during the sliding electrical contact process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A top view of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view extending along the cross section of the second electrode according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second electrode and a second driving component according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a morphological data acquisition component according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of pressure drop of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 1-test box; 11-test chamber; 12-exhaust port; 13-exhaust port; 2-vacuum pump; 3-electrode assembly; 31-first electrode; 32-second electrode; 4-first drive assembly; 5-second drive assembly; 6-arc electrical data acquisition device; 7-morphological data acquisition assembly; 71-high-speed camera A; 72-high-speed camera B; 73-high-speed camera C; 74-signal generator; 8-power supply; 9-control terminal; 91-arc controller; 92-power supply controller; 93-displacement controller; 94-data acquisition controller; 10-vacuum gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The core of the present invention is to provide an arc dynamic characteristic control device, through which the influence of different gas environment conditions on the three-dimensional arc generated during the sliding electrical contact process can be explored. Another core of the present invention is to provide a calculation method for the arc voltage applicable to the above arc dynamic characteristic control device.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides an arc dynamic characteristic control device, comprising a test box 1, an environment adjustment component, an electrode component 3, a first drive component 4 and a second drive component 5. The test box 1 has a test chamber 11; the environment adjustment component is connected to the test chamber 11 to adjust the gas environment in the test chamber 11; the electrode component 3 is located in the test chamber 11, and comprises a rod-shaped first electrode 31 and a ring-shaped second electrode 32, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 both extend in the vertical direction, and the second electrode 32 is located directly below the first electrode 31; the first drive component 4 is arranged in the test chamber 11, and is used to drive the first electrode 31 to translate radially along the second electrode 32; the second drive component 5 is arranged in the test chamber 11, and is used to drive the second electrode 32 to rise and fall in the vertical direction or rotate around its own central axis.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an electrode assembly 3 is arranged in the internal test chamber 11 of the hollow test box 1, wherein the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 both extend in the vertical direction, that is, the axial directions of the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are both in the vertical direction, and the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are arranged on the test box 1 through the corresponding first drive assembly 4 and the second drive assembly 5, so that the first electrode 31 is driven by the first drive assembly 4 to move radially along the second electrode 32, and the second electrode 32 is driven by the second drive assembly 5 to rise and fall in the vertical direction or rotate around its own central axis, then the control device can simulate the complex movement of the sliding electrical contact double electrodes, wherein the movement of the linear moving electrode is simulated by the rotation of the second electrode 32, and the double electrode movement that generates the sliding arc is simulated by the radial movement of the first electrode 31 along the second electrode 32 and the lifting and lowering movement of the second electrode 32.

[0047] It should be noted that the types of the first drive component 4 and the second drive component 5 are not limited as long as the above functions can be achieved. For example, the first drive component 4 can adopt an electric telescopic rod, and the first electrode 31 is installed on the telescopic rod of the electric telescopic rod, or it can also include a first motor and a first gear rack assembly connected to it, and the first electrode 31 is installed on the rack, etc.; the second drive component 5 may include an electric telescopic rod and a second motor, the second motor is installed at the top of the electric telescopic rod, and the second electrode 32 is installed at the rotation output end of the second motor, or it can also include a third motor, a second gear rack assembly connected to it, and a second motor, and the second motor is installed on the rack of the second gear rack assembly.

[0048] It should also be noted that there is no limitation on the types of the first drive component 4 and the second drive component 5 as long as the movement requirements can be met. For example, in some embodiments, the speed range of the translation of the first electrode 31 is 1-100 mm / s, the distance range of the translation of the first electrode 31 is 0-100 mm, and the translation accuracy of the first electrode 31 is 0.1 mm; the speed range of the lifting and lowering movement of the second electrode 32 is 1-1000 mm / s, the distance range of the lifting and lowering movement of the second electrode 32 is 0-2000 mm, the accuracy is 0.1 mm, the rotation speed range of the second electrode 32 is 1-4000 r / min, and the linear speed range of the second electrode 32 is 0-130 m / s.

[0049] It should also be noted that the type of the test box 1 is not limited as long as the above functions can be achieved. For example, in some embodiments, the test box 1 adopts a rectangular box, or, preferably, in other embodiments, the test box 1 is a cylindrical structure, and the central axis of the second electrode 32 coincides with the central axis of the test box 1.

[0050] Accordingly, the control device is equipped with an environmental adjustment component to adjust the gas environment in the test chamber 11, such as the gas pressure or gas type in the test chamber 11, so as to explore the influence of different gas environment conditions on the three-dimensional arc generated during the sliding electrical contact process.

[0051] On the basis of the above embodiment, it also includes an arc electrical data collector 6 and a morphological data collection component 7; the arc electrical data collector 6 is used to obtain the voltage of the arc generated between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32; the morphological data collection component 7 is located on the circumference of the electrode component 3, and is used to obtain the three-dimensional morphology of the arc.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the control device is equipped with an arc electrical data collector 6 and a shape data collection component 7 to obtain the arc voltage U and the three-dimensional shape of the arc.

[0053] It should be noted that the type of arc electrical data collector 6 is not limited, as long as it can obtain the voltage of the arc, such as a voltage transformer or a Hall voltage sensor; it should also be noted that the type of morphological data acquisition component 7 is not limited, as long as it can obtain the three-dimensional morphology of the arc, for example, a three-dimensional camera can be used.

[0054] Based on the above embodiment, the arc electrical data collector 6 is an oscilloscope, which is electrically connected to the first electrode 31. In this embodiment, an oscilloscope is used as the arc electrical data collector 6, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected to the first electrode 31 to collect and display the arc voltage.

[0055] On the basis of the above embodiment, the morphological data acquisition component 7 includes a high-speed camera A71, a high-speed camera B72, and a high-speed camera C73; the extension trajectories of any two of the high-speed cameras A71, B72, and C73 are orthogonal, so that the front view of the arc is photographed by the high-speed camera A71, the side view of the arc is photographed by the high-speed camera B72, and the top view of the arc is photographed by the high-speed camera C73. It should be noted that the orthogonal extension trajectories of the above two cameras refer to that the two cameras are arranged at intervals, and the extension directions of the two cameras are perpendicular to each other.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72 and the high-speed camera C73 are arranged at intervals in the test chamber 11, and the extension trajectories of any two of the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72 and the high-speed camera C73 are orthogonal to form a spatial rectangular coordinate system, so that the three-dimensional morphology of the arc can be reconstructed through the front view, side view and top view taken by the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72 and the high-speed camera C73 respectively, and the volume of the arc can be determined according to the reconstructed model, then the evolution process of the arc can be learned through the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72 and the high-speed camera C73, and with such an arrangement, the cost of the control device is low and the reliability of the detection result is high.

[0057] For example, assuming that the high-speed camera A71 extends along the Y axis, the high-speed camera B72 extends along the X axis, and the high-speed camera C73 extends along the Z axis, the coordinates of the projection point in the front view of the arc photographed by the high-speed camera A71 are (x (f) , z (f) ), the coordinates of the projection point in the side view of the arc taken by high-speed camera B72 are (y (s) , z (s) ), the coordinates of the projection point in the top view of the arc taken by the high-speed camera C73 are (x (t) ,y (t) ), and in the spatial coordinate system, the coordinates of any point satisfy the projection characteristics, that is, x (f) =x (t) ,y (s) =y (t) 、z (f) =z (s) Based on this, the three-dimensional shape can be reconstructed through the front view, side view and top view of the arc, among which the arc starting point during the relative sliding of the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 is the basic starting point in the reconstruction of the arc three-dimensional model.

[0058] On the basis of the above embodiment, it also includes an arc burner and a power supply 8, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are both electrically connected to the power supply 8, and an arc burner is electrically connected between the first electrode 31 and the power supply 8 or between the second electrode 32 and the power supply 8 to control the arcing or arc extinguishing between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the control device is equipped with a power source 8, such as a battery or a generator, to deliver electricity to the electrode, and an arc burner is arranged between the power source 8 and the first electrode 31 and / or between the power source 8 and the second electrode 32 to control arcing or arc extinguishing between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32. It should be noted that the type of arc burner is not limited as long as it can achieve the above functions. For example, the arc burner can be a circuit switch or a circuit breaker.

[0060] On the basis of the above embodiment, it also includes a control terminal 9, and the control terminal 9 signal is connected to the power supply 8, the arc burner, the environmental adjustment component, the first drive component 4, the second drive component 5, the arc electrical data collector 6, and the morphological data collection component 7. In this way, the control terminal 9 can control the actions of the power supply 8, the arc burner, the environmental adjustment component, the first drive component 4, and the second drive component 5, and receive the data collected by the arc electrical data collector 6 and the morphological data collection component 7. Then, the control device has a high degree of automation and a high accuracy of the detection result.

[0061] It should be noted that the type of the control terminal 9 is not limited as long as the above functions can be realized. For example, the control terminal 9 includes an arc controller 91, a power controller 92, an environment controller, a displacement controller 93, and a data acquisition controller 94; the arc controller 91 is electrically connected to the arc burner, and can control the action of the arc burner to realize arcing or arc extinguishing; the power controller 92 is electrically connected to the power supply 8, and can control the start or stop of the power supply 8; the environment controller is electrically connected to the environment adjustment component, and can control the action of the environment adjustment component to realize the adjustment of the gas type and gas pressure in the test chamber 11; the displacement controller 93 is electrically connected to the first drive component 4 and the second drive component 5 to control the movement of the first electrode 31 and the movement of the second electrode 32; the data acquisition controller 94 is electrically connected to the arc electrical data collector 6, the morphological data acquisition component 7 and the displacement controller 93 to receive detection data and control the parameters of the movement of the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32.

[0062] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the morphological data acquisition component 7 also includes a signal generator 74, and the signal of the signal generator 74 is connected to the displacement controller 93, the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72, and the high-speed camera C73. The signal generator 74 is used to trigger the high-speed camera A71, the high-speed camera B72, and the high-speed camera C73 after receiving the signal that the second electrode 32 starts to descend and draw an arc, so as to capture the morphological changes of the arc in time.

[0063] On the basis of the above embodiment, the environment adjustment component includes a vacuum pump 2 , the test box 1 has an air suction port 12 and an air exhaust port 13 connected to the test chamber 11 , and the vacuum pump 2 is connected to the air suction port 12 .

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the regulating device is equipped with a vacuum pump 2, which is connected to the test chamber 11, so that the air pressure in the test chamber 11 can be adjusted by the vacuum pump 2; the test box 1 also has an exhaust port 13 connected to the test chamber 11, so that after completing a single test, the exhaust port 13 is opened to restore the air pressure in the test chamber 1, so that the air pressure in the test chamber 11 can be adjusted again.

[0065] Furthermore, the control device also includes an air pump, which is connected to the test chamber 11. Different types of gases can be filled into the test chamber 11 through the air pump to adjust the gas type in the test chamber 11, so as to achieve the adjustment of the gas type in the test chamber 11.

[0066] On the basis of the above embodiment, the test box 1 is provided with a vacuum gauge 10 to detect the air pressure in the test box 1 so as to detect the voltage in the test chamber 11 , so that the user can associate the arc parameters with the corresponding air pressure. Preferably, the vacuum gauge 10 is inserted on the top surface of the test box 1 .

[0067] In addition to the above-mentioned arc dynamic characteristic control device, the present invention also provides a method for calculating the arc voltage of the arc dynamic characteristic control device disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the arc voltage calculation method includes the following steps:

[0068] S1: continuously acquiring the arc voltage U, the input current source value I, the falling distance L2 of the second electrode 32, the voltage U1 of the first electrode 31 and the three-dimensional shape of the arc during the arc drawing time;

[0069] It can be understood that after controlling the second electrode 32 to descend to start arcing, the arc voltage U is detected and obtained through the arc electrical data collector 6, and the parameters of the displacement data collector controlling the movement of the second electrode 32 are obtained to obtain the descending distance L2 of the second electrode 32, and the three-dimensional morphology of the arc is obtained by the morphological data acquisition component 7. Through this step, the arc voltage U, the input current source value I, the descending distance L2 of the second electrode 32, the voltage U1 of the first electrode 31 and the three-dimensional morphology of the arc are pre-acquired to lay the foundation for data processing.

[0070] S2: determining the volume of the arc according to the three-dimensional shape of the arc, and then calculating the average cross-sectional area S on the surface of the second electrode 32 during the arc drawing time according to the volume of the arc;

[0071] The voltage U2 of the second electrode 32 is calculated according to the input current source value I and the drop distance L2 of the second electrode 32, and the actual arc voltage value U is calculated according to the arc voltage U, the voltage U1 of the first electrode 31 and the voltage U2 of the second electrode 32. Arc ;

[0072] It can be understood that the volume of the arc can be calculated by remodeling according to the three-dimensional shape of the arc, and the average cross-sectional area S of the arc in the plane where the upper surface of the second electrode 32 is located during the arc drawing time is calculated by dividing the average volume of the arc during the arc drawing time by the descending distance L2 of the second electrode 32; first, the voltage U2 of the second electrode 32 is calculated according to the input current source value I and the descending distance L2 of the second electrode 32 by the formula U2=Iρ2L2 / S2, and then according to the arc voltage U on the input side of the first electrode 31, the voltage U1 of the first electrode 31, and the voltage U2 of the second electrode 32, the voltage U Arc =U-U1-U2 This formula is used to calculate the actual arc voltage value U Arc , that is, Figure 6 As shown, the voltage drop at the arc position is obtained by borrowing the voltage drop of other electrical components in the circuit.

[0073] S3: According to the average cross-sectional area S and the actual arc voltage value U Arc Calculate the energy density E of the arc input energy flux to the electrode.

[0074] Therefore, the influence of different gas environments on the arc evolution process can be explored, which is beneficial to reduce the arc ablation damage to the electrode and improve the service life of the electrical contact system. Moreover, the calculation of this method is simple and the reliability is high.

[0075] Based on the above embodiment, the calculation method of energy density E is: ; Where T is the upper limit of the integral; U Arc (t) is the actual arc voltage value U that changes with time ArcFunction; I(t) is a function of the input current source value I that changes with time; t is the arcing time; ∫ is the integral symbol; dt represents the integration of the variable t.

[0076] The actual arc voltage value U during the arcing time is calculated based on the real-time detection voltage value Arc According to the original value I of the output current of the power supply 8 during the arcing time, This formula calculates the energy density E, that is, the actual electric energy during the arcing time is divided by the average cross-sectional area S to obtain the energy density E input by the arc to the second electrode 32 .

[0077] It should be noted that the relational terms such as "first" and "second" mentioned above are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities; the "upper surface, lower surface, top, bottom" and the directional words "upper, lower, left, right" mentioned above are all defined based on the drawings in the specification.

[0078] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0079] The above is a detailed introduction to the arc dynamic characteristic control device and arc voltage calculation method provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An arc dynamic characteristic control device, characterized in that: include: A test box (1) having a test chamber (11); An environment adjustment component, connected to the test chamber (11) to adjust the gas environment in the test chamber (11); An electrode assembly (3) located in the test chamber (11), comprising a rod-shaped first electrode (31) and a ring-shaped second electrode (32), wherein the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (32) both extend in a vertical direction, and the second electrode (32) is located directly below the first electrode (31); A first driving assembly (4) is disposed in the test chamber (11) and is used to drive the first electrode (31) to translate radially along the second electrode (32); The second driving assembly (5) is disposed in the test chamber (11) and is used to drive the second electrode (32) to rise and fall in a vertical direction or to rotate around its own central axis.

2. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an arc electrical data collector (6) and a morphological data collection component (7); The arc electrical data collector (6) is used to obtain the voltage of the arc generated between the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (32); The morphology data acquisition component (7) is located on the peripheral surface of the electrode component (3) and is used to obtain the three-dimensional morphology of the electric arc.

3. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc electrical data collector (6) is an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected to the first electrode (31).

4. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The morphological data acquisition component (7) comprises a high-speed camera A (71), a high-speed camera B (72), and a high-speed camera C (73); the extension trajectories of any two of the high-speed camera A (71), the high-speed camera B (72), and the high-speed camera C (73) are orthogonal, so that the high-speed camera A (71) can take a front view of the arc, the high-speed camera B (72) can take a side view of the arc, and the high-speed camera C (73) can take a top view of the arc.

5. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an arc burner and a power supply (8), the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (32) are both electrically connected to the power supply (8), and the arc burner is electrically connected between the first electrode (31) and the power supply (8) or between the second electrode (32) and the power supply (8) so as to control arcing or arc extinguishing between the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (32).

6. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a control terminal (9), wherein the control terminal (9) is signal-connected to the power supply (8), the arc burner, the environmental adjustment component, the first drive component (4), the second drive component (5), the arc electrical data collector (6), and the morphological data collection component (7).

7. The arc dynamic characteristic control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental adjustment component comprises a vacuum pump (2); the test box (1) has an air suction port (12) and an air exhaust port (13) connected to the test chamber (11); the vacuum pump (2) is connected to the air suction port (12); And / or, the test box (1) is provided with a vacuum gauge (10) to detect the air pressure in the test box (1).

8. A method for calculating arc voltage, characterized in that: The arc dynamic characteristic control device applicable to any one of claims 1 to 7 above comprises: S1: continuously acquiring the arc voltage U, the input current source value I, the falling distance L2 of the second electrode (32), the voltage U1 of the first electrode (31) and the three-dimensional shape of the arc during the arc drawing time; S2: determining the volume of the arc according to the three-dimensional shape of the arc, and then calculating the average cross-sectional area S on the surface of the second electrode (32) during the arc drawing time according to the volume of the arc; The voltage U2 of the second electrode (32) is calculated based on the input current source value I and the drop distance L2 of the second electrode (32), and the actual arc voltage value U is calculated based on the arc voltage U, the voltage U1 of the first electrode (31) and the voltage U2 of the second electrode (32). Arc ; S3: Based on the average cross-sectional area S and the actual arc voltage value U Arc Calculate the energy density E of the arc input energy flux to the electrode.

9. The method for calculating arc voltage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The actual arc voltage value U Arc The calculation method is: U Arc =U-U1-U2; The voltage U2 of the second electrode (32) is calculated as follows: U2=Iρ2L2 / S2; Wherein, ρ2 is the resistivity of the second electrode (32), and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the second electrode (32).

10. The method for calculating arc voltage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation method of the energy density E is: ； Among them, T is the upper limit of the integral; U Arc (t) is the actual arc voltage value U that changes with time Arc Function; I(t) is a function of the input current source value I that changes with time; t is the arcing time; ∫ is the integral symbol; dt represents the integration of the variable t.

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