Laying hen feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

A laying hen feed additive prepared from non-medicinal parts of abelmoschus manihot is prepared from roots and stems of abelmoschus manihot according to the mass ratio of (1-5): (2-6), and the abelmoschus manihot is added into a feed according to the proportion of 1-5%. The feed additive is prepared by mixing roots and stems of abelmoschus manihot according to a specific proportion, and then the feed additive is added into the basal feed according to a specific proportion, so that the egg laying performance of laying hens is effectively improved, the egg yield of 180 laying hens is increased by 690 after the laying hens are fed for 70 days, the total egg weight is increased by 57.26 kg, the egg quality of the laying hens is remarkably improved, and the economic benefit of the laying hens is improved. Compared with a CK group, the content of linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in unsaturated fatty acid in eggs is increased by 9.03%, 39.66% and 50.72% respectively, cholesterol is reduced by 29.91%, only roots and stems of abelmoschus manihot are used as additive raw materials, other raw materials do not need to be mixed to prepare the additive, and excellent effects can be achieved on egg laying performance and egg quality of laying hens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, and in particular to a laying hen feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As people pay more and more attention to the ecological environment and the quality and safety of livestock products, the abuse of antibiotic additives in livestock and poultry farming has attracted attention. Chinese herbal medicines are added to animal feed as additives to improve production performance, promote immune regulation, and improve the quality of livestock products. Compared with other additives, they are safe and have no residues, and can play a key regulatory role in production.

[0003] Golden sunflower is a plant of the genus Abelmoschus of the Malvaceae family. Its active ingredients mainly include total flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides and trace elements. The highest total content is total flavonoids, which can significantly regulate human endocrine and immunity, increase human resistance, enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, and have anti-aging, anti-tumor, and lipid-lowering effects. At present, the research and application of golden sunflower are mainly concentrated on flowers, and there are few reports on its non-medicinal parts such as roots, stems, and leaves and its application in livestock and poultry. The study found that the polysaccharide content of golden sunflower is 17.0%, the polysaccharide content of golden sunflower stem is 11.6%, and the polysaccharide content of golden sunflower leaf is 14.8%. The total flavonoid content of golden sunflower flower is 3.45%, the total flavonoid content of golden sunflower stem is 0.68%, and the total flavonoid content of golden sunflower leaf is 1.05%. It can be seen that the main active ingredients of golden sunflower are also distributed in leaves, stems, and roots. Therefore, the application of its flowers alone will cause a huge waste of resources. Based on the wide range of pharmacological activities of golden sunflower, expanding the non-medicinal parts and targets of golden sunflower, and scientifically and rationally developing and utilizing the medicinal resources of golden sunflower will help promote the healthy and sustainable development of the golden sunflower industry and promote rural revitalization.

[0004] There are many existing technologies that add golden sunflower as an active ingredient to feed, but they all use golden sunflower, that is, the medicinal part (golden sunflower), and use it with other components to achieve different effects. CN 106798146A uses golden sunflower scraps as an additive to prepare feed, but it is used as broiler feed, and its function is to improve the disease resistance of broilers. However, there is no specific research on the non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower as an additive for laying hen feed, so the effect of non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower on the egg-laying performance of laying hens urgently needs to be studied and developed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a feed additive for laying hens containing non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above feed additive. The additive prepared by mixing and compounding the non-medicinal specific parts of Helichrysum truncatum in a specific ratio can simultaneously improve the egg-laying performance and egg-laying quality of laying hens.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above feed additive.

[0008] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a laying hen feed containing the feed additive. By mixing the additive with the basic feed in a specific ratio, the laying performance of laying hens is effectively improved, and the egg quality is improved.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A feed additive for laying hens made from non-medicinal parts of sunflower seeds, characterized in that it is composed of roots and stems of sunflower seeds in a mass ratio of 1-5:2-6.

[0010] A method for preparing a feed additive for laying hens of non-medicinal parts of sunflower, characterized in that: the roots and stems of non-medicinal parts of sunflower are taken and ultrafinely crushed respectively, and then the crushed powders are mixed into a feed additive, wherein the powders of the roots and stems of sunflower are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-5:2-6.

[0011] Further preferably, the powders of the roots and stems of Helichrysum chrysantha are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0012] Furthermore, the ultrafine powder is sieved through an 80-mesh sieve, and the powders are mixed and then sieved through a 300-mesh sieve.

[0013] The purpose of using non-medicinal parts of sunflower as feed additives for laying hens is to improve the egg-laying performance of laying hens. However, due to the large differences in the effective composition of different medicinal parts of sunflower, directly adding all of them cannot achieve the effect of improving egg-laying performance.

[0014] During the long-term experiment, based on the research on different non-medicinal parts, we used roots and stems, mixed them in a mass ratio of 1~5:2~6 to prepare additives, and then added them to specific basic feed in a certain proportion. The content of effective ingredients in the additives in the specific proportion was appropriate, which significantly improved the egg-laying performance of laying hens, and we also found that the quality of eggs was significantly improved.

[0015] The application of the above feed additives in breeding laying hens.

[0016] Furthermore, the above feed additive is used in preparing laying hen feed.

[0017] A laying hen feed containing the above-mentioned additive comprises a basic feed and an additive, characterized in that: the basic feed is 62.0-68.0% corn, 22.0-28.0% soybean meal, 0.5-1.5% soybean oil, 6.0-8.0% stone powder, 1.0% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% salt, 0.1% DL-methionine, 0.1% choline chloride, and 1.0% premix in percentage by mass; the additive is the non-medicinal part of sunflower root and stem, which are respectively ultrafinely ground, and then the ground powder is mixed into a feed additive, and the powder of the root and stem of sunflower is mixed in a mass ratio of 1-5:2-6.

[0018] Further preferably, the powders of the roots and stems of Helichrysum chrysantha are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass proportion of basic feed in the feed is 95~99%, and the mass proportion of additives is 1~5%.

[0020] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the basic feed to the additive in the feed is 98:2.

[0021] The present invention has the following technical effects: In the present invention, the roots and stems of golden sunflower are mixed in a specific proportion to prepare a feed additive, and then added to the basic feed in a specific proportion, so that the egg-laying performance of laying hens is effectively improved. After feeding for 70 days, the egg production of 180 laying hens increased by 690 eggs, the total egg weight gain was 57.26 kg, and the egg quality of laying hens was significantly improved. The linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in the unsaturated fatty acids in the eggs were increased by 9.03%, 39.66% and 50.72% respectively compared with the CK group, and the cholesterol was reduced by 29.91%. In the present invention, only the roots and stems of golden sunflower are used as the additive raw materials, and there is no need to use other raw materials to mix and prepare the additive, so that excellent effects can be achieved on the egg-laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention.

[0023] The variety of golden sunflower used in the present invention is Yujinkui No. 1, which can be purchased from Chongqing Ruihuoxing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. The effect change trend achieved by using the roots and stems of other golden sunflower varieties is also consistent.

[0024] Example 1 A feed additive for laying hens containing non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower: The roots and stems of Helichrysum chinense were ultrafinely ground respectively, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The powders were mixed according to a mass ratio of roots to stems of 1:6, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a feed additive.

[0025] Example 2 Non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower seedlings feed additives for laying hens: The roots and stems of Helichrysum chinense were ultrafinely ground respectively, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, the powders were mixed according to a mass ratio of roots to stems of 1:2, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a feed additive.

[0026] Example 3 A feed additive for laying hens containing non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower: The roots and stems of Helichrysum chinense were ultrafinely ground respectively, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The powders were mixed according to a mass ratio of roots to stems of 1:1, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a feed additive.

[0027] Example 4 A feed additive for laying hens containing non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower: The roots and stems of Helichrysum chinense were ultrafinely ground respectively, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The powders were mixed according to a mass ratio of roots to stems of 5:2, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a feed additive.

[0028] The additives prepared in the above embodiments are added to the basic feed to prepare laying hen feed. Specifically, the basic feed and the additives are mixed in a ratio of 98:2. The basic feed formula is as follows: Table 1: Basic diet composition and nutritional level (air-dried basis)

[0029] Note: The premix provides per kilogram of feed: VA 10,000 IU, VD3 3,000 IU, VE 20 IU, VK3 2 mg, thiamine 1 mg, riboflavin r8 mg, calcium pantothenate 40 mg, niacin 32.5 mg, pyridoxine 8 mg, biotin 2 mg, folic acid 1.5 mg, VB12 5 mg, choline 500 mg, Mn 70 mg, I 1 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 8 mg, Zn 80 mg, Se 0.3 mg.

[0030] From June to August 2024, each feed was fed to 450-day-old laying hens with basically the same weight, egg production, and health status. The number of laying hens in each group was 180, and they were fed for a total of 70 days. Feeding method: caged, fed twice a day (9:00, 15:00), free access to food and water, and 16 hours of light per day. 180 laying hens were fed only with basic feed without additives as the control group (CK), and the other groups included the whole plant of golden sunflower (including flowers, roots, stems, leaves, fruit seeds, etc.), the whole plant without flowers (the whole plant of golden sunflower removed the remaining part of the flower), the root: stem: leaf mass ratio = 1:1:1, the whole root, the whole stem, the whole leaf, and the additives mixed with roots and stems in different mass ratios.

[0031] (1) Effects of different additives on egg-laying performance of laying hens: During the experiment, the health status of laying hens was observed and recorded, the number of eggs laid by laying hens after 70 days was counted, and the egg production, egg production rate, average egg weight and feed-egg ratio of laying hens in different additive test groups were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0032] The total egg weight gain calculation formula is as follows:

[0033] Table 2: Effects of different additives on egg production performance

[0034] It can be seen that the addition of additives has a great difference in the effects on the egg-laying performance of laying hens. Among them, the whole root, whole stem and whole leaf groups did not significantly improve the number of eggs laid by laying hens and the weight gain of eggs. The additives that mixed roots and stems in proportion had the most significant increase in the number of eggs laid by laying hens, followed by the root, stem and leaf group and the whole plant group of golden sunflower, and the egg production rate and average egg weight were also significantly higher than other groups. Among them, the group with a root to stem mass ratio of 1:2 produced 690 more eggs than the CK group, and the total egg weight gain was 57.26kg.

[0035] (2) Effects of different additives on egg quality On the 35th and 70th days of feeding the feed, 5 eggs were taken from each group and each replicate to test the egg shape index and eggshell thickness, the yolk color was tested using the Roche colorimetric card, and the albumen height was measured by the albumen height meter to calculate the Haugh unit. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0036] Table 3: Egg quality test results of laying hens on the 35th day of feeding

[0037] Table 4: Egg quality test results of laying hens on day 70 of feeding

[0038] As can be seen from Table 3 and Table 4, the addition of different parts of golden sunflower improves the egg shape index of eggs, and the effect on eggshell thickness is not significant, but the yolk ratio and albumen height have a large difference, among which it is more obvious that the single whole leaf additive has a slight improvement on the yolk ratio and albumen height of eggs at 35 days, but basically has no effect at 70 days. The whole stem and whole root additives have a significant improvement on the yolk ratio and albumen height of eggs at 35 days, but at 70 days, the improvement of the whole stem group is more significant, and the effect of the additive mixed in different proportions with the root and stem is closer. Compared with the different proportions of the root and stem additives in the embodiments of the present invention, the yolk ratio of the whole plant of golden sunflower is lower than that of each embodiment at 35 days, and the albumen height is slightly higher than that of each embodiment, and in the eggs after feeding for 70 days, the yolk ratio is higher than that of each embodiment, and the albumen height is lower than that of each embodiment.

[0039] (3) Effects of different additives on the content of unsaturated fatty acids in eggs On the 70th day, 5 eggs were taken from each replicate of each group, the whole egg liquid of the 5 eggs was mixed and homogenized, and then extracted and sampled, and the linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid in the eggs were detected by gas chromatography. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0040] Table 5: Results of unsaturated fatty acid content in eggs produced after 70 days of feeding

[0041] As can be seen from the table above, in the eggs produced by the groups fed with additive feed containing different proportions of roots and stems, the content of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid) was significantly increased compared with CK. Among them, in the group with a root and stem ratio of 1:2, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and α-linolenic acid increased by 9.03%, 39.66%, and 50.72% compared with the CK group, respectively. In the group containing the whole plant additive of golden sunflower, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and α-linolenic acid increased by 7.16%, 37.93%, and 53.11% compared with the CK group, respectively, and was not better than the additive group with roots and stems mixed in a specific proportion. In addition, during the experiment, it was found that the use of golden sunflower whole root, whole stem, and whole leaf additives did not significantly improve the unsaturated fatty acids compared with the CK group, and the whole leaf group even showed a slight decrease. The effect of the root, stem and leaf combination additive was not obvious, but on this basis, removing the leaves (root: stem = 1:1 group), the unsaturated fatty acid content in eggs increased significantly. This shows that the nutritional structure formed by the additive composed of specific roots and stems in a certain proportion is conducive to the increase of unsaturated fatty acid content in eggs.

[0042] In addition, the change in cholesterol content in eggs was also tested. The results showed that the cholesterol content in the eggs produced by laying hens fed with the feed prepared in Examples 1-4 was reduced by 27.42%, 29.15%, 29.04% and 28.73% respectively compared with the CK group.

[0043] (4) Effects of different additives on antioxidant enzyme activity in laying hen serum On the morning of the 70th day of the experiment, three laying hens were randomly selected from each replicate of each embodiment and CK group, 2.0 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein of the fasting abdomen, and the serum was separated by centrifugation at 3600 rpm for 10 min and stored at -20 °C for later use. The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the xanthine oxidase method, and the activity of serum catalase (CAT) was determined by the colorimetric method. The test results are shown in Table 6.

[0044] Table 6: Results of SOD and CAT content in laying hens serum after 70 days of feeding

[0045] As can be seen from the table, after 70 days of feeding, the SOD and CAT in the serum of laying hens were significantly higher than those in the CK group. This shows that the introduction of additives has improved the physical function of laying hens, improved the laying performance of laying hens, and improved the quality of eggs produced.

[0046] Other ratios of roots and stems were also tried in the experiment, but after long-term experiments, it was found that when the mass ratio of roots and stems exceeded the range of 1~5:2~6 (i.e. 1:6~5:2), the effect of feed additives on laying hens was uncontrollable, egg production performance (number of eggs laid, average egg weight) would be significantly reduced, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in eggs would also be significantly reduced.

[0047] Example 5 The additives mixed with roots and stems in a ratio of 1:2 were mixed with the basic feed in a mass ratio of 1:99. The basic feed was composed of 62.0% corn, 28.0% soybean meal, 1.5% soybean oil, 6.0% stone powder, 1.0% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% salt, 0.1% DL-methionine, 0.1% choline chloride, and 1.0% premix in mass percentage.

[0048] The egg laying performance of laying hens fed with feed containing additives prepared in this embodiment was significantly improved compared with that of laying hens fed with feed without additives. After 70 days of feeding, the egg laying of 180 hens increased by 662 eggs, but the weight gain was 52.69 kg. The egg quality was also significantly improved. The average content of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid in eggs increased by 8.72%, 39.81% and 49.96% respectively compared with the CK group, and cholesterol decreased by 28.17%.

[0049] Example 6 The additives mixed with roots and stems in a ratio of 1:2 were mixed with the basic feed in a mass ratio of 5:95. The basic feed was composed of 68.0% corn, 22.0% soybean meal, 0.5% soybean oil, 7.0% rock powder, 1.0% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% salt, 0.1% DL-methionine, 0.1% choline chloride, and 1.0% premix in mass percentage.

[0050] The egg laying performance of laying hens fed with feed containing additives prepared in this embodiment was significantly improved compared with that of laying hens fed with feed without additives. After 70 days of feeding, the egg laying of 180 hens increased by 658 eggs, but the weight gain was 50.45 kg. The egg quality was also significantly improved. The average content of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid in eggs increased by 9.09%, 39.56% and 50.75% respectively compared with the CK group, and cholesterol decreased by 28.83%.

[0051] When the additive content in the feed is too high, the effect of improving the egg-laying performance of laying hens will not be obvious. The number of eggs laid and the weight gain of eggs will be slightly higher than that of the basic feed without additives, and the quality of eggs will show a downward trend. The linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid and other ingredients in it will decrease slightly.

Claims

1. A feed additive for laying hens containing non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower, characterized in that: It is composed of the roots and stems of golden sunflower in a mass ratio of 1~5:2~6.

2. A method for preparing a feed additive for laying hens made from non-medicinal parts of golden sunflower, characterized in that: The roots and stems of the non-medicinal parts of the golden sunflower are respectively ultra-finely ground, and then the ground powders are mixed into a feed additive. The powders of the roots and stems of the golden sunflower are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-5:2-6.

3. Use of the feed additive prepared by the method as claimed in claim 2 in preparing laying hen feed.

4. A laying hen feed containing the above-mentioned additive, comprising a basic feed and the additive, characterized in that: The basic feed comprises, in percentage by mass, 62.0-68.0% corn, 22.0-28.0% soybean meal, 0.5-1.5% soybean oil, 6.0-8.0% stone powder, 1.0% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% salt, 0.1% DL-methionine, 0.1% choline chloride and 1.0% premix; the additive is the non-medicinal parts of sunflower, roots and stems, which are respectively ultrafinely ground, and then the ground powders are mixed into the feed additive; the powders of the roots and stems of sunflower are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-5:2-6.

5. The laying hen feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The powders of the roots and stems of the golden sunflower are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:

2.

6. The laying hen feed according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The mass proportion of basic feed in feed is 95~99%, and the mass proportion of additives is 1~5%.

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