Sensing feasibility of sensing in communication system

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for determining the feasibility of sensing a target object in an integrated radio frequency (RF) system capable of sensing and communication are described. In some embodiments, a wireless network node (e.g., a base station) may be configured to transmit or receive a communication signal with a communication UE, the transmission or reception of the communication signal resulting in signal interference with a sensing UE; transmitting a sensing feasibility reporting configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility reporting configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation; and transmitting an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating a positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

Description

Background Art 1. Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to configuring sensing metrics and requirements for sensing user equipment (UE) in an integrated radio frequency (RF) sensing and communication (ISAC) system.

[0002] 2. Related technologies

[0003] Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is considered a technology for use with 5G (fifth generation) cellular communication systems and beyond, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard that provides enhanced support for ISAC (such as "5G-Advanced" based on, for example, 3GPP Release 18) or 6G (sixth generation) systems. ISAC may have cost advantages due to shared radio frequency (RF) and / or baseband hardware for sending both communication signals and radio sensing signals. ISAC may also have spectral efficiency in terms of using congested wireless resources for both communication functions and sensing functions, such as by utilizing space division. ISAC technology may enable communication infrastructure to provide sensing functionality with minimal system modifications, which will allow existing communication networks to provide sensing and monitoring services. ISACs can therefore provide a variety of use cases, including macro sensing (e.g., weather monitoring, autonomous driving, dynamic mapping for cartography, low-altitude airspace management (e.g., using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)), intruder detection), micro sensing (e.g., gesture recognition, user vital sign signal detection, high-resolution terahertz (THz) imaging), and sensing-assisted communications (e.g., beam management). Summary of the invention

[0004] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for determining the feasibility of sensing a target object is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method is performed in a radio frequency (RF) sensing system having a communication user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE, and the method includes: transmitting or receiving a communication signal using the communication UE, the transmission or reception of the communication signal causing signal interference to the sensing UE; transmitting a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more RF sensing metrics; receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference; and transmitting an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating the positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0005] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless base station is disclosed. In some embodiments, the wireless base station includes: a transceiver configured to perform data communication with a communication user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE; a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory and configured to: transmit or receive a communication signal using the communication UE, the transmission or reception of the communication signal causing signal interference to the sensing UE; transmit a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; receive a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference; and transmit an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating the positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0006] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable device is disclosed. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable device includes a storage medium, the storage medium includes a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions being configured to, when executed by one or more processors, cause a sensing user equipment (UE) to perform the following operations: receiving a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; detecting signal interference based on communication between the base station and the communication UE; generating a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference and indicating the feasibility of sensing a target object; and transmitting the sensing feasibility report to the base station.

[0007] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a sensing user equipment (UE) is disclosed. In some embodiments, the sensing UE includes: a component for receiving a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; a component for detecting signal interference based on communication between the base station and the communication UE; a component for generating a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference and indicating the feasibility of sensing a target object; and a component for transmitting the sensing feasibility report to the base station.

[0008] This summary is neither intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it intended to be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. This subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of the disclosure, any or all of the drawings, and each claim. The foregoing and other features and examples will be described in more detail in the following description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a diagram of a positioning system according to an embodiment.

[0010] Figure 2 is a diagram of a fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) positioning system, which illustrates a positioning system (e.g., Figure 1 implementation scheme of a positioning system).

[0011] Figure 3 is a block diagram of example hardware configured for sensing and communication.

[0012] Figure 4 is a diagram of a bistatic system configured for sensing a target object in a wireless communication environment, according to some embodiments.

[0013] Figure 5 is a diagram of an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system according to some embodiments, wherein a transmitter is configured to transmit communication signals to a communicating user equipment (UE) and to transmit a sensing reference signal to a sensing UE.

[0014] Figure 6 According to some embodiments Figure 5 Schematic diagram of an ISAC system in which a transmitter is configured to exchange dedicated data with a sensing UE while under interference from one or more communicating UEs.

[0015] Figure 7 According to some embodiments, a method for Figure 1 or Figure 2 Communicate in a wireless network such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 or Figure 6 A ladder diagram of a call flow for exchanging signals between a gNB, a communicating UE, and a sensing UE implemented in a network environment or an ISAC system shown in FIG.

[0016] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a method of determining feasibility of sensing a target object in an RF system having a communicating UE and a sensing UE according to some embodiments.

[0017] Fig. 9is a flow chart of another method of determining feasibility of sensing a target object in an RF system having a communicating UE and a sensing UE according to some embodiments.

[0018] Fig.10 is a block diagram of an implementation of a UE that may be utilized in implementations as described herein.

[0019] Fig.11 is a block diagram of an implementation of a base station that may be utilized in implementations as described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following description is directed to certain specific implementations for the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of each embodiment. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The described specific implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of sending and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to any communication standard, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802.11 standards (including those identified as Technical standards), Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Revision A, EV-DO Revision B, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), or other known signals for communicating within a wireless, cellular, or Internet of Things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or further implementations thereof.

[0021] As used herein, "RF signals" include electromagnetic waves that transmit information through the space between a transmitter (or transmitting device) and a receiver (or receiving device). As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of each RF signal through multiple channels or paths, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal.

[0022] As used herein, the terms "RF sensing," "passive RF sensing," and variations thereof, refer to the process of detecting one or more objects using RF signals that are transmitted by a transmitting device and received by a receiving device after being reflected from one or more objects. In a monostatic configuration, the transmitting device and the receiving device are the same device. In a multi-static configuration, the one or more receiving devices are separate from the one or more transmitting devices. As described in more detail below, the receiving device may measure these reflected RF signals to determine one or more characteristics of the one or more objects, such as position, angle, direction, orientation, Doppler, velocity, etc. According to some embodiments, RF sensing may be "passive" in that the receiving device or the one or more objects do not need to transmit an RF signal for the one or more objects to be detected.

[0023] Additionally, unless otherwise noted, references to "reference signals," "positioning reference signals," "reference signals for positioning," and the like may be used to refer to signals used to locate user equipment (UE). As described in greater detail herein, such signals may include any of a variety of signal types, but may not necessarily be limited to positioning reference signals (PRS) as defined in relevant wireless standards.

[0024] The techniques provided herein may be generally applicable to "mmWave" technology, which typically operates at 57GHz-71GHz, but may include frequencies ranging from 30GHz-300GHz. This includes, for example, frequencies used by the 802.11ad Wi-Fi standard (operating at 60GHz). That is, some embodiments may utilize RF sensing with frequencies outside this range. For example, in some embodiments, a 5G NR band (e.g., 28GHz) may be used. Since RF sensing can be performed in the same band as communication, hardware can be used for both communication and RF sensing. For example, one or more of the components of the RF sensing system as described herein may be included in a wireless modem (e.g., a Wi-Fi or NR modem), a mobile network base station, and the like. Additionally, the techniques may be applicable to RF signals including any pulse type in a variety of pulse types, including compressed pulses (e.g., including chirp, Golay, Barker, or Ipatov sequences) may be utilized. That is, the embodiments are not limited to such frequencies and / or pulse types. Additionally, since the RF sensing system may be capable of transmitting RF signals for communication (e.g., using 802.11 or NR wireless technology), embodiments may utilize channel estimation and / or other communication-related functions to provide RF sensing functionality as described herein. Thus, the pulses may be the same as those used by at least some aspects of wireless communication.

[0025] Figure 1is a simplified illustration of a positioning system 100 according to an embodiment, in which a UE 105, a location server 160, and / or other components of the positioning system 100 may use the techniques provided herein for, for example, determining the sensing feasibility of the UE 105. The techniques described herein may be implemented by one or more components of the positioning system 100. The positioning system 100 may include: a UE 105; one or more satellites 110 (also referred to as space vehicles (SVs)) for a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as a global positioning system (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou; a base station 120; an access point (AP) 130; a location server 160; a network 170; and an external client 180. In general, the positioning system 100 may estimate the location of the UE 105 based on RF signals received by and / or transmitted from the UE 105 and the known locations of other components (e.g., GNSS satellites 110, base stations 120, APs 130) that send and / or receive RF signals. Reference Figure 2 Additional details regarding specific location estimation techniques are discussed in more detail.

[0026] It should be noted that Figure 1 Only a generalized illustration of various components is provided, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each component may be repeated as needed. Specifically, although only one UE 105 is illustrated, it should be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may utilize the positioning system 100. Similarly, the positioning system 100 may include more than one UE 105. Figure 1 100. The illustrated connections connecting the various components in the positioning system 100 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. In addition, the components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced and / or omitted according to the desired functionality. In some embodiments, for example, the external client 180 may be directly connected to the location server 160. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications to the illustrated components.

[0027] Depending on the desired functionality, network 170 may include any one of a variety of wireless and / or wired networks. Network 170 may, for example, include any combination of public and / or private networks, local area networks and / or wide area networks, etc. In addition, network 170 may utilize one or more wired and / or wireless communication technologies. In some embodiments, network 170 may include, for example, cellular or other mobile networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), and / or the Internet. Examples of network 170 include long-term evolution (LTE) wireless networks, fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks (also referred to as new radio (NR) wireless networks or 5GNR wireless networks), Wi-Fi WLANs, and the Internet. LTE, 5G, and NR are wireless technologies defined or being defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Network 170 may also include more than one network and / or more than one type of network.

[0028] The base station 120 and the access point (AP) 130 are communicatively coupled to the network 170. In some embodiments, the base station 120 may be owned, maintained and / or operated by a cellular network provider and may employ any of a variety of wireless technologies, as described herein below. Depending on the technology of the network 170, the base station 120 may include a node B, an evolved node B (eNodeB or eNB), a transceiver base station (BTS), a radio base station (RBS), an NR node B (gNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), etc. In the case where the network 170 is a 5G network, the base station 120 as a gNB or ng-eNB may be part of a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) that may be connected to a 5G core network (5GC). In view of the open radio access network (O-RAN) and / or virtualized radio access network (V-RAN or vRAN) in 5G or higher generation networks, the functions performed by the base station 120 in earlier generation networks (e.g., 3G and 4G) may be separated into different functional components (e.g., radio unit (RU), distributed unit (DU), and central unit (CU)) and layers (e.g., L1 / L2 / L3), which may be executed on different devices at different locations connected, for example, via fronthaul, midhaul, and backhaul connections. As referred to herein, a "base station" (or ng-eNB, gNB, etc.) may include any or all of these functional components. For example, AP 130 may include a Wi-Fi AP or AP or an AP with cellular capabilities (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR). Thus, UE 105 can transmit and receive information with network-connected devices such as location server 160 by accessing network 170 via base station 120 using first communication link 133. Additionally or alternatively, because AP 130 can also be communicatively coupled with network 170, UE 105 can communicate with network-connected and Internet-connected devices (including location server 160) using second communication link 135 or via one or more other UEs 145.

[0029] As used herein, the term "base station" may generally refer to a single physical transmission point or multiple co-located physical transmission points that may be located at a base station 120. A transmit receive point (TRP) (also referred to as a transmit / receive point) corresponds to this type of transmission point, and the term "TRP" may be used interchangeably with the terms "gNB," "ng-eNB," and "base station" herein. In some cases, a base station 120 may include multiple TRPs—for example, where each TRP is associated with a different antenna or a different antenna array of the base station 120. As used herein, the transmit function of a TRP may be performed using a transmit point (TP), and / or the receive function of a TRP may be performed by a receive point (RP), which may be physically separate or different from the TP. That is, a TRP may include both a TP and an RP. A physical transmission point may include an antenna array of a base station 120 (for example, as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and / or where the base station employs beamforming). The term "base station" may additionally refer to multiple non-co-located physical transmission points, which may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).

[0030] As used herein, the term "cell" may generally refer to a logical communication entity for communicating with base station 120, and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)) for distinguishing neighboring cells operating via the same or different carriers. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types that may provide access for different types of devices (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other protocols). In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion (e.g., an area) of a geographic coverage area in which the logical entity operates.

[0031] The location server 160 may include a server and / or other computing device configured to determine an estimated location of the UE 105 and / or provide data (e.g., “assistance data”) to the UE 105 to facilitate location measurement and / or location determination by the UE 105. According to some embodiments, the location server 160 may include a Home Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (H-SLP), which may support a SUPL User Plane (UP) positioning solution defined by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), and may support location services for the UE 105 based on subscription information of the UE 105 stored in the location server 160. In some embodiments, the location server 160 may include a Discovery SLP (D-SLP) or an Emergency SLP (E-SLP). The location server 160 may also include an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), which supports positioning of the UE 105 using a Control Plane (CP) positioning solution for LTE radio access of the UE 105. The location server 160 may further include a location management function (LMF) that uses a control plane (CP) positioning solution to support positioning of the UE 105 for NR or LTE radio access of the UE 105.

[0032] In the CP positioning solution, from the perspective of the network 170, the signaling for controlling and managing the positioning of the UE 105 can use existing network interfaces and protocols and be exchanged as signaling between the elements of the network 170 and with the UE 105. In the UP positioning solution, from the perspective of the network 170, the signaling for controlling and managing the positioning of the UE 105 can be exchanged between the location server 160 and the UE 105 as data (e.g., data transmitted using the Internet Protocol (IP) and / or the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)).

[0033] As previously mentioned (and discussed in more detail below), the estimated position of UE 105 may be based on measurements of RF signals transmitted from and / or received by UE 105. In particular, these measurements may provide information about the relative distances and / or angles of UE 105 from one or more components in positioning system 100 (e.g., GNSS satellites 110, APs 130, base stations 120). The estimated position of UE 105 may be estimated geometrically (e.g., using multi-angle measurements and / or multilateration) based on the distance and / or angle measurements along with the known positions of the one or more components.

[0034] Although ground components such as AP 130 and base station 120 may be fixed, the embodiments are not limited thereto. Mobile components may be used. For example, in some embodiments, the position of UE 105 may be estimated based at least in part on measurements of RF signals 140 communicated between UE 105 and one or more other UEs 145 (these UEs may be mobile or fixed). When one or more other UEs 145 are used in the positioning determination of a specific UE 105, the UE 105 whose position is to be determined may be referred to as a "target UE", and each of the one or more other UEs 145 may be referred to as an "anchor UE". In order to determine the position of the target UE, the corresponding positions of the one or more anchor UEs may be known and / or determined jointly with the target UE. Direct communication between the one or more other UEs 145 and UE 105 may include side links and / or similar device-to-device (D2D) communication technologies. The side links defined by 3GPP are D2D communication forms based on cellular LTE and NR standards.

[0035] The estimated position of UE 105 may be used in various applications, such as to assist a user of UE 105 in direction finding or navigation or to assist another user (e.g., associated with external client 180) in locating UE 105. "Position" is also referred to herein as "position estimate," "estimated position," "position," "position estimation," "position determination," "estimated position," "position determination," or "determination." The process of determining a position may be referred to as "positioning," "position determination," "position determination," or the like. The position of UE 105 may include an absolute position of UE 105 (e.g., latitude and longitude, and possibly altitude) or a relative position of UE 105 (e.g., a position expressed as a distance north or south, east or west, and possibly above or below some other known fixed location (including, for example, the location of base station 120 or AP 130) or some other location (such as the location of UE 105 at some known previous time, or the location of another UE 145 at some known previous time)). The location may be specified as a geodetic location including coordinates that may be absolute (e.g., latitude, longitude, and optionally altitude), relative (e.g., relative to some known absolute location), or local (e.g., X, Y, and optionally Z coordinates according to a coordinate system defined relative to a local area, such as a factory, warehouse, university campus, shopping mall, stadium, or convention center). The location may alternatively be a city location, and may then include one or more of a street address (e.g., including a country, state, county, city, road and / or street name or label, and / or road or street number) and / or a label or name of a place, a building, a portion of a building, a floor of a building, and / or a room within a building, etc. The location may further include uncertainty or error indications, such as horizontal distances and possibly vertical distances over which the location is expected to have error, or an indication of an area or volume (e.g., a circle or ellipse) within which the UE 105 is expected to be located with a certain confidence level (e.g., 95% confidence).

[0036] The external client 180 may be a web server or remote application that may have some association with the UE 105 (e.g., may be accessed by a user of the UE 105), or may be a server, application, or computer system that provides location services to one or more other users, which may include obtaining and providing the location of the UE 105 (e.g., to enable services such as friend or relative locating, or child or pet locating). Additionally or alternatively, the external client 180 may obtain the location of the UE 105 and provide it to emergency service providers, government agencies, etc.

[0037] As previously mentioned, the example positioning system 100 may be implemented using a wireless communication network such as an LTE-based or 5GNR-based network. Figure 2A diagram of a 5G NR positioning system 200 is shown, which illustrates an embodiment of a positioning system (e.g., positioning system 100) that implements 5G NR. The 5G NR positioning system 200 can be configured to determine the location of the UE 105 by using access nodes to implement one or more positioning methods. The access nodes can include NR NodeBs (gNBs) 210-1 and 210-2 (collectively referred to herein as gNBs 210), ng-eNBs 214, and / or WLANs 216. The gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNBs 214 can communicate with the UE 105 to determine the location of the UE 105. Figure 1 The base station 120 corresponds to the WLAN 216, and the WLAN 216 can be connected to the Figure 1 130. Optionally, the 5G NR positioning system 200 may also be configured to determine the location of the UE 105 by using the LMF 220 (which may correspond to the location server 160) to implement one or more positioning methods. Here, the 5G NR positioning system 200 includes the UE 105, and components of the 5G NR network, including the next generation (NG) radio access network (RAN) (NG-RAN) 235 and the 5G core network (5GCN) 240. The 5G network may also be referred to as an NR network; the NG-RAN 235 may be referred to as a 5G RAN or an NR RAN; and the 5G CN 240 may be referred to as an NG core network. The 5G NR positioning system 200 may further utilize information from GNSS satellites 110 of a GNSS system, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or a similar system (e.g., GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)). Additional components of the 5G NR positioning system 200 are described below. The 5G NR positioning system 200 may include additional or alternative components.

[0038] It should be noted that Figure 2 Only a generalized illustration of the various components is provided, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each component may be repeated or omitted as desired. Specifically, although only one UE 105 is shown, it will be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may utilize the 5G NR positioning system 200. Similarly, the 5G NR positioning system 200 may include a larger (or smaller) number of GNSS satellites 110, gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, wireless local area network (WLAN) 216, access and mobility management function (AMF) 215, external client 230, and / or other components. The connections shown connecting the various components in the 5G NR positioning system 200 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. In addition, the components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted according to the desired functionality.

[0039] UE 105 may include and / or be referred to as a device, a mobile device, a wireless device, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a mobile station (MS), a terminal (SET) enabled with secure user plane location (SUPL), or some other name. In addition, UE 105 may correspond to a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet device, a personal data assistant (PDA), a navigation device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or some other portable or mobile device. Typically, although not necessarily, UE 105 may support the use of one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as GSM, CDMA, W-CDMA, LTE, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), IEEE802.11 Bluetooth, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX TM ), 5G NR (e.g., using NG-RAN 235 and 5GCN 240). UE 105 may also support wireless communications using WLAN 216, which is similar to one or more RATs and as previously described with respect to Figure 1 The use of one or more of these RATs may allow the UE 105 (e.g., via Figure 2 240, or possibly via a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225) to communicate with an external client 230 and / or allow an external client 230 (e.g., via GMLC 225) to receive location information about UE 105. When implemented in a 5G NR network or communicatively coupled with a 5G NR network, Figure 2 The external client 230 may correspond to Figure 1 External client 180.

[0040] UE 105 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities, such as in a personal area network in which a user may employ audio, video, and / or data I / O devices, and / or body sensors and separate wired or wireless modems. The estimate of the location of UE 105 may be referred to as location, location estimate, location determination, determination, orientation, orientation estimate, or orientation determination, and may be geodetic, thereby providing location coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) about UE 105, which may or may not include an altitude component (e.g., height above sea level; height above or depth below ground level, floor level, or basement level). Alternatively, the location of UE 105 may be expressed as a municipal location (e.g., a postal address or a designation of a point or smaller area in a building, such as a specific room or floor). The location of UE 105 may also be expressed as an area or volume (geographically or municipally defined) within which UE 105 is expected to be located with a certain probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc.). The location of the UE 105 may also be a relative location, including, for example, a distance and direction or relative X, Y (and Z) coordinates defined relative to some origin at a known location, which may be defined geodetically, municipally, or with reference to a point, area, or volume indicated on a map, floor plan, or building plan. In the description contained herein, the use of the term "location" may include any of these variations unless otherwise indicated. When calculating the location of the UE, local X, Y, and possibly Z coordinates are typically solved, and then the local coordinates are converted to absolute coordinates (e.g., with respect to latitude, longitude, and altitude above or below mean sea level) if necessary.

[0041] Figure 2 The base stations in the NG-RAN 235 shown in FIG. 2 may correspond to Figure 1 The base stations 120 in the NG-RAN 235 may include gNBs 210. Pairs of gNBs 210 in the NG-RAN 235 may be connected to each other (e.g., Figure 2 The communication interface between the base stations (gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may be referred to as an Xn interface 237. Access to the 5G network is provided to the UE 105 via wireless communication between the UE 105 and one or more gNBs 210, which may use 5G NR to provide wireless communication access to the 5G CN 240 on behalf of the UE 105. The wireless interface between the base station (gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) and the UE 105 may be referred to as an Uu interface 239. 5G NR radio access may also be referred to as NR radio access or 5G radio access. Figure 2, it is assumed that the serving gNB for UE 105 is gNB 210-1, but other gNBs (e.g., gNB 210-2) may act as serving gNBs if UE 105 moves to another location, or may act as secondary gNBs to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to UE 105.

[0042] Figure 2 The base stations in the NG-RAN 235 shown in the figure may additionally or alternatively include a next generation evolved Node B (also referred to as ng-eNB) 214. The ng-eNB 214 may be connected to one or more gNBs 210 in the NG-RAN 235—e.g., directly or indirectly via other gNBs 210 and / or other ng-eNBs. The ng-eNB 214 may provide LTE radio access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) radio access to the UE 105. Figure 2 Some of the gNBs 210 (e.g., gNB 210-2) and / or ng-eNBs 214 in the 5G CN 240 may be configured to function as positioning-only beacons that may transmit signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) and / or may broadcast assistance data to assist in positioning the UE 105, but may not receive signals from the UE 105 or from other UEs. Some of the gNBs 210 (e.g., gNB 210-2 and / or another gNB not shown) and / or ng-eNBs 214 may be configured to function as detection-only nodes that may scan for signals containing, for example, PRS data, assistance data, or other location data. Such detection-only nodes may not transmit signals or data to the UE, but may transmit signals or data (relating to, for example, PRS, assistance data, or other location data) to other network entities (e.g., one or more components of the 5G CN 240, an external client 230, or a controller), which may receive and store the data or use the data to locate at least the UE 105. Note that although in Figure 2 Only one ng-eNB 214 is shown in FIG, but some embodiments may include multiple ng-eNBs 214. Base stations (e.g., gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may communicate directly with each other via an Xn communication interface. Additionally or alternatively, the base stations may communicate directly or indirectly with other components of the 5G NR positioning system 200 (such as LMF 220 and AMF 215).

[0043] The 5G NR positioning system 200 may also include one or more WLANs 216, which may be connected to a non-3GPP interworking function (N3IWF) 250 in the 5G CN 240 (e.g., in the case of an untrusted WLAN 216). For example, the WLAN 216 may support IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi access for the UE 105 and may include one or more Wi-Fi APs (e.g., Figure 1 Here, the N3IWF 250 may be connected to other elements in the 5G CN 240, such as the AMF 215. In some embodiments, the WLAN 216 may support another RAT, such as Bluetooth. The N3IWF 250 may provide support for secure access of the UE 105 to other elements in the 5G CN 240 and / or may support interworking of one or more protocols used by the WLAN 216 and the UE 105 with one or more protocols used by other elements of the 5GCN 240 (such as the AMF 215). For example, the N3IWF 250 may support: IPSec tunnel establishment with the UE 105, termination of the IKEv2 / IPSec protocol with the UE 105, termination of the N2 and N3 interfaces with the 5G CN 240 for the control plane and the user plane, respectively, and relay of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) control plane non-access stratum (NAS) signaling across the N1 interface between the UE 105 and the AMF 215. In some other embodiments, the WLAN 216 may be directly connected to elements in the 5G CN 240 (e.g., Figure 2 215) and not via the N3IWF 250. For example, a direct connection of the WLAN 216 to the 5GCN 240 may occur when the WLAN 216 is a trusted WLAN for the 5GCN 240 and may use a trusted WLAN interworking function (TWIF) ( Figure 2 (not shown). Note that although Figure 2 Only one WLAN 216 is shown in FIG. 2 , but some embodiments may include multiple WLANs 216 .

[0044] The access node may include any of a variety of network entities that enable communication between the UE 105 and the AMF 215. As mentioned, this may include a gNB 210, an ng-eNB 214, a WLAN 216, and / or other types of cellular base stations. However, an access node that provides the functionality described herein may additionally or alternatively include a cellular network entity that enables communication with the UE 105. Figure 2214, or WLAN 216.

[0045] In some embodiments, an access node (such as gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216) (alone or in combination with other components of 5G NR positioning system 200) may be configured to: in response to receiving a request for location information from LMF 220, obtain a location measurement for an uplink (UL) signal received from UE 105 and / or obtain a DL location measurement from UE 105 for a downlink (DL) signal received by UE 105 from one or more access nodes. As mentioned, although Figure 2 The access nodes (gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and WLAN 216) are depicted as being configured to communicate in accordance with 5G NR, LTE, and Wi-Fi communication protocols, respectively, but access nodes configured to communicate in accordance with other communication protocols may be used, such as, for example, a Node B using a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) protocol for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), an eNB using an LTE protocol for an Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), or an eNB using a LTE protocol for a WLAN. For example, in a 4G Evolved Packet System (EPS) that provides LTE wireless access to UE 105, the RAN may include an E-UTRAN, which may include base stations including eNBs that support LTE wireless access. The core network for the EPS may include an Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The EPS may then include the E-UTRAN plus the EPC, where Figure 2 , E-UTRAN corresponds to NG-RAN 235 and EPC corresponds to 5GCN 240. The methods and techniques described herein for obtaining the municipal location of UE 105 may be applicable to such other networks.

[0046] The gNB 210 and ng-eNB 214 may communicate with the AMF 215, which communicates with the LMF 220 for positioning functions. The AMF 215 may support the mobility of the UE 105, including cell changes and handovers of the UE 105 from an access node of a first RAT (e.g., a gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216) to an access node of a second RAT. The AMF 215 may also be involved in supporting signaling connections with the UE 105 and possibly supporting data and voice bearers for the UE 105. The LMF 220 may support positioning the UE 105 using a CP positioning solution when the UE 105 accesses the NG-RAN 235 or the WLAN 216, and may support various positioning procedures and methods, including UE-assisted / UE-based and / or network-based procedures / methods, such as Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) (which may be referred to as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) in NR), Real-Time Kinematics (RTK), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Differential GNSS (DGNSS), Enhanced Cell ID (ECID), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Angle of Departure (AoD), WLAN positioning, Round Trip Signal Propagation Delay (RTT), Multi-Cell RTT, and / or other positioning procedures and methods. The LMF 220 may also process a location service request for the UE 105 received, for example, from the AMF 215 or from the GMLC 225. The LMF 220 may be connected to the AMF 215 and / or the GMLC 225. In some embodiments, the network (such as 5GCN 240) may additionally or alternatively implement other types of location support modules, such as an evolved serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) or a SUPL location platform (SLP). Note that in some embodiments, at least a portion of the positioning functionality (including determining the location of UE 105) can be performed at UE 105 (e.g., by measuring downlink PRS (DL-PRS) signals sent by wireless nodes (such as gNB 210, ng-eNB 214 and / or WLAN 216) and / or using assistance data provided to UE 105 by, for example, LMF 220).

[0047] The Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225 may support location requests for the UE 105 received from the external client 230, and may forward such location requests to the AMF 215 for forwarding by the AMF 215 to the LMF 220. A location response (e.g., including a location estimate for the UE 105) from the LMF 220 may similarly be returned to the GMLC 225 directly or via the AMF 215, and the GMLC 225 may then return the location response (e.g., including the location estimate) to the external client 230.

[0048] A network exposure function (NEF) 245 may be included in the 5GCN 240. The NEF 245 may support secure exposure of capabilities and events regarding the 5GCN 240 and the UE 105 to the external client 230, which may therefore be referred to as an access function (AF) and may enable secure provisioning of information from the external client 230 to the 5GCN 240. The NEF 245 may connect to the AMF 215 and / or the GMLC 225 to obtain the location (e.g., municipal location) of the UE 105 and provide the location to the external client 230.

[0049] like Figure 2 As further illustrated in , LMF 220 may communicate with gNB 210 and / or with ng-eNB 214 using NR Positioning Protocol Annex (NRPPa) as defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa messages may be passed between gNB 210 and LMF 220 and / or between ng-eNB 214 and LMF 220 via AMF 215. Figure 2 As further shown in , the LMF 220 and the UE 105 may communicate using the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) as defined in 3GPP TS 37.355. Here, LPP messages may be passed between the UE 105 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 and the serving gNB 210-1 or serving ng-eNB 214 of the UE 105. For example, the LPP messages may be passed between the LMF 220 and the AMF 215 using messages for service-based operations (e.g., based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)), and may be passed between the AMF 215 and the UE 105 using the 5G NAS protocol. The LPP protocol may be used to support positioning of the UE 105 using UE-assisted and / or UE-based positioning methods such as A-GNSS, RTK, TDOA, multi-cell RTT, AoD, and / or ECID. The NRPPa protocol may be used to support positioning of UE 105 using network-based positioning methods such as ECID, AoA, uplink TDOA (UL-TDOA) and / or may be used by LMF 220 to obtain location-related information from gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214, such as parameters defining DL-PRS transmissions from gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214.

[0050] In the case where the UE 105 accesses the WLAN 216, the LMF 220 may use NRPPa and / or LPP to obtain the location of the UE 105 in a manner similar to that just described for the UE 105 accessing the gNB 210 or ng-eNB 214. Thus, NRPPa messages may be communicated between the WLAN 216 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 and the N3IWF 250 to support network-based positioning of the UE 105 and / or to communicate other location information from the WLAN 216 to the LMF 220. Alternatively, NRPPa messages may be communicated between the N3IWF 250 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 to support network-based positioning of the UE 105 based on location-related information and / or location measurements that are known or accessible to the N3IWF 250 and communicated from the N3IWF 250 to the LMF 220 using NRPPa. Similarly, LPP and / or LPP messages may be communicated between the UE 105 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215, the N3IWF 250, and the serving WLAN 216 of the UE 105 to support UE-assisted or UE-based positioning of the UE 105 by the LMF 220.

[0051] In the 5G NR positioning system 200, positioning methods may be classified as "UE-assisted" or "UE-based". This may depend on where the request to determine the position of the UE 105 originates. For example, if the request originates from the UE (e.g., from an application or "app" executed by the UE), the positioning method may be classified as UE-based. On the other hand, if the request originates from an external client or AF 230, LMF 220, or other device or service within the 5G network, the positioning method may be classified as UE-assisted (or "network-based").

[0052] With UE-assisted positioning methods, the UE 105 may obtain location measurements and transmit these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for use in computing a location estimate for the UE 105. For RAT-dependent positioning methods, the location measurements may include one or more of the following for one or more access points of the gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216: received signal strength indicator (RSSI), round trip signal propagation time (RTT), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), reference signal time difference (RSTD), time of arrival (TOA), AoA, receive time-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx), differential AoA (DAoA), AoD, or timing advance (TA). Additionally or alternatively, similar measurements may be made on sidelink signals transmitted by other UEs, which may be used as anchor points for positioning the UE 105 if the positions of these other UEs are known. The position measurements may additionally or alternatively include measurements for a RAT-independent positioning method, such as GNSS (eg, GNSS pseudoranges with respect to GNSS satellites 110 , GNSS code phase, and / or GNSS carrier phase), WLAN, and the like.

[0053] Using the UE-based positioning method, the UE 105 can obtain a position measurement (e.g., which can be the same or similar to the position measurement of the UE-assisted positioning method), and the position of the UE 105 can be further calculated (e.g., with the aid of auxiliary data received from a location server such as LMF 220, SLP or broadcast by gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216).

[0054] Using a network-based positioning method, one or more base stations (e.g., gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214), one or more APs (e.g., in WLAN 216), or N3IWF 250 can obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, AoA, or TOA) of signals sent by UE 105, and / or can receive measurements obtained by UE 105 or, in the case of N3IWF250, by APs in WLAN 216, and can transmit these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for use in calculating a position estimate for UE 105.

[0055] The positioning of UE 105 may also be classified as UL-based, DL-based, or DL-UL-based according to the type of signal used for positioning. For example, if the positioning is based only on signals received at UE 105 (e.g., from a base station or other UE), the positioning may be classified as DL-based. On the other hand, if the positioning is based only on signals sent by UE 105 (which may be received by, for example, a base station or other UE), the positioning may be classified as UL-based. DL-UL-based positioning includes positioning based on signals sent and received by UE 105, such as RTT-based positioning. Sidelink (SL)-assisted positioning includes signals communicated between UE 105 and one or more other UEs. According to some embodiments, the UL, DL, or DL-UL positioning described herein may be able to use SL signaling as a supplement or replacement for SL, DL, or DL-UL signaling.

[0056] Depending on the type of positioning (e.g., UL-based, DL-based, or DL-UL-based), the type of reference signal used may be different. For example, for DL-based positioning, these signals may include PRS (e.g., DL-PRS sent by a base station or SL-PRS sent by other UEs), which may be used for TDOA measurements, AoD measurements, and RTT measurements. Other reference signals that may be used for positioning (UL, DL, or DL-UL) may include: Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Synchronization Signal (SS)), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. In addition, the reference signal may be sent in a Tx beam and / or received in an Rx beam (e.g., using beamforming techniques), which may affect angle measurements such as AoD and / or AoA.

[0057] Figure 3A block diagram of example hardware 300 configured for sensing and communication is illustrated. In some implementations, the example hardware 300 may be disposed at a base station (e.g., base station 120, gNB 210) within an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Circuit components for unified sensing communication transmit processing associated with antenna 302 may be configured to transmit data or signals 303 (e.g., communication or sensing reference signals generated by a base station) in a communication environment 301 (e.g., within positioning system 100, network 200), and circuit components for unified sensing communication receive processing associated with antenna 304 may be configured to receive data or signals (e.g., communication or sensing reference signals), demodulate communication signals (e.g., by communication receive processing module 306), and demodulate RF sensing signals (e.g., by at least RF sensing processing module 305). Circuit components of the example hardware 300 may be shared as shown to enable transmission and reception of communication signals or sensing signals. In some cases, the example hardware 300 may enable a base station to perform transmission and reception simultaneously, for example, to simultaneously transmit communication and transmit signals.

[0058] Figure 4 A diagram of a bistatic communication system 400 configured to sense a target object 402 in a wireless communication environment is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the target object may be a vehicle, including an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The wireless communication environment may include a transmitter 404, a receiver 406, and a sensing user equipment (UE) 408. In some implementations, the transmitter 404 and the receiver 406 may each include a base station (e.g., gNB 1 and gNB 2), such as Figure 4 . The sensing UE 408 may be configured to receive a reflected signal 412a of a sensing reference signal 410 and information associated therewith. In some scenarios, the transmitting gNB 404 may know the position or an estimated or approximate position of the sensing UE 408. In some scenarios, the position of the sensing UE may be unknown. However, in such scenarios, sensing feasibility may still be possible, for example, according to blocks 810 and / or 820 or blocks 910-940 described below.

[0059] In a bistatic communication system such as 400, transmitter 404 may transmit a sensing reference signal 410 that travels across a distance R T The sensing reference signal 410 may be reflected from the target object 402 and become a reflection signal 412, which travels through the distance R R The main function served by the bi-static communication system is to sense the range or distance R from the target object 402 to the receiving device (e.g., sensing UE 408).R In some implementations, the bistatic system can be configured to detect the total distance R traversed by the sensed signal 410 and the reflected signal 412 by determining sum The amount of time it takes to determine the distance R R , the total distance is R T and R R The total distance R sum An ellipsoid (also called an iso-range contour) may be defined, with its foci at the locations of the transmitter 404 and the receiving device (eg, sensing UE 408), respectively. The ellipsoid represents the distance R sum If perfect timing synchronization between the transmitter 404 and the sensing UE 408 can be assumed, then the time duration T between the moment when the transmitter 404 transmits the transmit signal 410 and the moment when the sensing UE 408 receives the reflected signal 412a is simply measured. sum T may be determined based on, for example, the time information difference between the transmit timestamp in the sensing reference signal and the receive timestamp at the sensing UE 408. sum . The time duration T sum Multiply the speed of the signal through free space (e.g., approximately c = 3*10 8 m / s) will give R sum Thus, the ellipsoidal surface of all possible positions of the target object 402 can be measured by measuring the “flight time” T of the sensing reference signal. sum Come and ask for it.

[0060] For example, the transmitting gNB 404 may send out a sensing reference signal 410, which may interact with the target object 402 (e.g., UAV). Upon interaction, the sensing reference signal 410 may be reflected (or refracted in some cases, such as if the RF waves of the sensing reference signal pass from one medium to another, such as from underwater to air or vice versa). The sensing UE 410 may detect the reflected reflected signal 412a of the sensing reference signal 410 and, given a signal such as R sum The information about the target object 402 can be determined based on one or more of the measurements of the target object 402. Such information can include the estimated position, position direction, speed, and movement direction of the target object 402. sum The receiving gNB 406 may also detect the reflected signal 412b of the sensing reference signal 410 and determine information about the target object 402 based on the same metric.

[0061] An advantage of such a bistatic communication system (utilizing a transmitter and a receiver) or a multistatic communication system (utilizing more than one transmitter and one receiver) is that self-interference mitigation is not required. That is, since the sensing reference signal and the reflected sensing signal are not transmitted and received by the same transmitter-receiver device (e.g., base station, gNB) as in a monostatic communication system, self-interference does not occur in a bistatic or multistatic communication system.

[0062] However, interference may still occur in the ISAC system due to the coexistence of communication signals and sensing signals. For example, interference may occur between the transmitter 404 and the sensing UE 408 because the transmitter 404 is also transmitting communication signals to the communication UE.

[0063] In an ISAC system, to improve spectral efficiency and keep the sensing signal consistent in the time domain (eg, for Doppler estimation), the communication signal and the sensing signal may be scheduled using the same radio resources (eg, using space division multiplexing). Figure 5 A diagram of an ISAC system 500 is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments, wherein a transmitter 502 (e.g., a gNB) is configured to transmit a communication signal 504 to a communication UE 506 and a sensing reference signal 508 to a sensing UE 510. In some cases, the sensing UE 510 is configured to receive the sensing reference signal 508 after the sensing reference signal 508 has interacted with (e.g., reflected from) a target object 512 (e.g., a UAV).

[0064] In some embodiments, the ISAC system 500 assumes two conditions for correct operation. First, in order to achieve the use of the same radio resources, the beam 514 used to transmit the sensing reference signal 508 should be correctly selected so that the signal data can be transmitted within the required time resources (e.g., time slots) while being under interference from the transmitter 502 to the simultaneous deployment of the communication signal 504. For example, in the presence of possible interference from the sensing signal 508, the communication UE 506 should be able to receive and / or report information (e.g., channel state information (CSI)) to the transmitter 502.

[0065] Secondly, interference from communication signals exchanged with the communication UE and from sensing signals of possible sensing target positions should also be considered. The position of the sensing target (e.g., target object 512) is relatively unknown and therefore sensed. In some cases, based on, for example, the longest distance of the target object and the transmit power of the sensing reference signal, the sensing UE 510 may know the possible estimated position. Then, the sensing UE 510 may determine the possible minimum received power of the sensing reference signal. Based on the minimum received power, the sensing UE 510 may then be able to determine a signal quality parameter, such as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR). Based on the defined relationship between the signal quality parameter and the sensing metric (such as a ranging estimation error value), the sensing UE 510 may determine or estimate the ranging estimation error given the signal quality parameter. The ranging estimation error may indicate a measured distance error and thus affect the estimation of the range of the target object 512.

[0066] Incidentally, empirical data may be used to determine the relationship between a signal quality parameter (e.g., SNR) and the ranging estimate error relative to the bandwidth of a signal (e.g., a sensing reference signal) at a given signal frequency (e.g., 3.5 GHz). These relationships may be based on additional assumptions, such as a monostatic sensing radio channel associated with a downlink radio channel from the gNB to the target object, an uplink radio channel from the target object to the gNB, and a constant radar cross section (RCS). The RCS may have a value such as 0.1 m 2 or 2m 2 The value of RCS and may refer to a measure of the detectability of an object by an RF signal and may also be referred to as the electromagnetic signature of an object. The larger the RCS, the easier it is to detect an object. Given a signal bandwidth and RCS, the range estimation error increases as the SNR or SINR decreases. As an example, if the signal bandwidth is 100 MHz and the RCS is 0.1 m 2 , and the SNR is -15dB, the ranging estimation error should be less than 10 meters.

[0067] However, the effect of interference on all possible target positions should be considered. More specifically, in some embodiments, the transmitter 502 may know the feasibility of sensing while under interference from communication signals. The feasibility may be based on the sensing metrics and the transmitter 502's requirements.

[0068] Figure 6 Illustrated according to some embodiments Figure 55. FIG. 5 is a diagram of an ISAC system 500 in which a transmitter 502 (e.g., a gNB) is configured to exchange dedicated data with a sensing UE 510 while under interference from one or more communication UEs 506, 507. In some embodiments, the transmitter 502 (e.g., a gNB) may transmit a first message 522 containing a "sensing feasibility report configuration." The sensing feasibility report configuration may indicate, for example, sensing metrics (including requirements) and / or communication reference signal resources (e.g., CSI-RS, SRS, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS)) to the sensing UE 510.

[0069] CSI-RS may refer to a reference signal used in the downlink direction. CSI-RS may be used for channel sounding and for measuring the characteristics of a radio channel so that a base station (e.g., transmitter 502) may use the correct modulation, code rate, beamforming, etc. A receiving UE (e.g., communication UE 506, sensing UE 510) may use these reference signals to measure the quality of a downlink channel. The transmitter 502 may transmit CSI-RS to report channel state information such as CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSRQ, and CSI-SINR for mobility and / or positioning procedures.

[0070] SRS can also be used to perform positioning of a UE (e.g., a communication UE 506, a sensing UE 510). For example, a UE may transmit an SRS that is received by a wireless network node such as a transmitter 502 (or another UE). In some cases, the UE may measure AoD based on the SRS to identify the direction of the UE relative to the transmitter. In some cases, the transmitter 502 may measure AoA based on the SRS to identify the direction. However, these measurements, such as CSI-RS or SRS, may be affected by noise or other types of interference that affect the sensing UE or base station, which may affect the accuracy of sensing and / or positioning.

[0071] In some embodiments, the transmitter 502 may receive a second message 524 from the sensing UE 510, the second message 524 including a "sensing feasibility report". For example, the sensing feasibility report may indicate whether and how the required sensing metrics are supported given the communication interference. In order to utilize the spatial multiplexing of the communication signal and the sensing signal, the sensing UE 510 may be configured to use receive beamforming to mitigate interference caused by downlink communication 504 with the communication UE 507 and / or uplink communication 505 with the communication UE 506.

[0072] Figure 7 According to some embodiments, a method for Figure 1 or Figure 2 Communicate in a wireless network such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 or Figure 6 FIG. 7 is a ladder diagram of a call flow 700 for exchanging signals between a gNB 702, a communicating UE 704, and a sensing UE 706 implemented in a network environment or an ISAC system as shown in FIG. The gNB 702 may be Figure 4 The sending gNB 404 or Figure 5 and Figure 6 An example of a transmitting gNB 502. The communicating UE 704 may be Figure 5 and Figure 6 The sensing UE 706 may be an example of a communication UE 506 or a UE 507. Figure 4 The sensing UE 408 or Figure 5 and Figure 6 Example of sensing UE 510.

[0073] In some scenarios, the network environment may be under interference. For example, there may be signaling interference 708 between gNB 702 and sensing UE 706 caused by the communication between gNB 702 and communication UE 704. In some cases, there may be interference from communications with multiple communication UEs. There may be signaling interference 710 between communication UE 704 and sensing UE 706 caused by the communication between gNB 702 and sensing UE 706.

[0074] At step 712 of the call flow 700, the gNB 702 may transmit a message including a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE 706. In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report configuration may indicate sensing metrics and requirements. Examples of such sensing metrics may include a missed detection rate (which in this context may refer to the probability that a UE misses the presence of another UE due to noise and channel fading), a false alarm rate, a mean square error (MSE) or mean square deviation (MSD) of one or more sensing metrics (e.g., a range estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error), or a combination thereof. The MSE may be determined by Determine, where n = number of samples, and is the square of the difference between the observed error and the predicted error.

[0075] Each of these sensing metrics may have requirements (such as acceptable upper or lower thresholds or range requirements that the sensing UE 706 needs to meet in order to adequately perform sensing for a particular sensing instance of a target object to be sensed (e.g., 402, 512). The sensing feasibility report configuration may also indicate communication reference signal resources and / or formats such as CSI-RS (step 712), SRS (step 714), DMRS, and / or PTRS as reference metrics for potential interference.

[0076] In some implementations, the gNB 702 may configure a set of multiple profiles, each indicating one or more predefined sensing metrics and requirements, and transmit these profiles to all sensing UEs (including the sensing UE 706) via, for example, a sensing feasibility report configuration message including profile information. Since 5G networks and 6G networks are configured to use multi-base (including dual-base) sensing to improve sensing performance, in many cases, multiple sensing UEs may be involved to sense the target object. In such cases, the sensing metrics and requirements may be different for each of these multiple sensing UEs, depending on, for example, their respective radio channel conditions, capabilities, or environments. In addition, the payload of the "soft" information in the sensing feasibility report may sometimes be large and require the use of bandwidth and / or other resources (e.g., spectrum, time slots), so having multiple profiles for multiple sensing UEs can help the gNB 702 assign and select the correct sensing UE to perform the sensing task, including when there is interference with the sensing caused by the communication between the gNB and the communicating UE.

[0077] For example, a first profile may define a distance with an MSE of 1 meter and a speed with an MSE of 1 m / s; a second profile may define a distance with an MSE of 1 meter and a speed with an MSE of 10 m / s; a third profile may define a distance with an MSE of 10 meters and a speed with an MSE of 1 m / s; and a fourth profile may define a distance with an MSE of 10 meters and a speed with an MSE of 10 m / s. Sensing UEs that return a positive determination of the feasibility of sensing the target object for a particular profile may then be assigned for sensing the target object. For example, the gNB 702 may transmit a sensing feasibility report configuration and / or transmit a sensing reference signal to those selected sensing UEs, expecting to receive sensing metrics from those selected sensing UEs.

[0078] At step 714 of the call flow 700, in some implementations, the gNB 702 can transmit a downlink CSI-RS to the communication UE 704, which can cause interference 708 to the sensing UE 706, e.g., for transmitting a sensing reference signal to the sensing UE 706. At step 716, in some implementations, the gNB 702 can receive an uplink SRS from the communication UE 704, which can cause interference 710 to the sensing UE 706. CSI-RS and SRS can be useful for reasons described elsewhere above.

[0079] At step 718 of the call flow 700, the gNB 702 may receive a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE 706. In some embodiments, the sensing UE 706 may measure interference (e.g., interference 708 and 710) and generate a sensing feasibility report based on the interference. In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report may be transmitted to the gNB 702 via an uplink control information (UCI) message supporting uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) transmission. In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report may be transmitted to the gNB 702 via UL radio resource control (UL RRC) signaling.

[0080] In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report may indicate information related to the feasibility of sensing under given interference conditions. In some specific implementations, one or more discrete determinations of sensing feasibility may be used to indicate sensing feasibility. For example, a "hard" value such as 1 or 0, feasible or infeasible, yes or no, etc. may be determined for each sensing metric indicated above with respect to the sensing feasibility report configuration at step 712, where "1", "feasible" and "yes" indicate the positive feasibility of sensing the target object or a high possibility of sensing the target object (e.g., relative to a threshold possibility), and "0", "infeasible" and "no" indicate the negative feasibility of sensing the target object or a low possibility of sensing the target object (e.g., relative to a threshold possibility). In some specific implementations, one or more derivative determinations of sensing feasibility may be used to indicate sensing feasibility. A "soft" value such as the MSE of a sensing metric may be determined. For example, different SNR or SINR values ​​may result in different MSE values ​​for distance estimation; that is, a sensing metric such as a ranging estimation error may vary continuously according to the SNR or SINR. By obtaining multiple error data points and prediction errors, the MSE may be determined. In a specific embodiment, the sensing UE 706 may detect the target object based on the measured SNR, signal bandwidth, and RCS (e.g., 0.1 m 2 or 2m 2 ) to determine the MSE of the ranging estimation error.

[0081] In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report may indicate a preferred CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI) for downlink communication, or a transmit precoding matrix index (TPMI) required for uplink scheduling, or an SRS resource indicator (SRI) for uplink communication, or a combination thereof.

[0082] Assuming that the feasibility indicated by the sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE 706 satisfies one or more criteria, the call flow 700 may proceed to step 720. In some embodiments, the one or more criteria may be a "hard" value of 1, feasible, yes, etc. Based on the sensing UE 704 satisfying the sensing metric requirements, satisfying the one or more criteria may indicate that sensing of the target object is feasible given the interference caused to the communicating UE 706.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more criteria may include a specified requirement or a series of sensing metrics (particularly in the case of, for example, "soft" MSE values). For example, if the ranging estimate error is greater than 10m, then sensing of a particular target object may be considered infeasible. On the other hand, if the ranging estimate error is 10m or less, then sensing of a particular target object may be considered feasible. In some implementations, there may be more than two results: if the ranging estimate error is 10m or less, then sensing may be considered feasible; if the ranging estimate error exceeds 100m, then sensing may be considered infeasible; and if the ranging estimate error is between 10m and 100m, then sensing may be considered potentially feasible and additional sensing metrics may need to be evaluated. In determining the feasibility of sensing, the MSE or MSD of sensing metrics such as the range estimation error, velocity estimation error, Doppler frequency estimation error, or micro-Doppler frequency estimation error associated with the target object or its parts (e.g., the rotating blades of a UAV) may be considered. If the target object is a mobile object (e.g., a UAV), the aforementioned sensing metrics may be important factors in sensing. The Doppler frequency may indicate the "bulk motion" of the target object as a whole, while the micro-Doppler frequency may indicate the "micro-motion" of parts of the target object (e.g., the movement of the rotating blades of a UAV, the swinging arms of a walking person). If the target object is too far away or moving too fast, as indicated, for example, by the Doppler frequency (or its estimated error) increasing above an acceptable threshold or range, the sensing feasibility report may indicate such information and / or a determination that sensing may not be feasible given a ranging estimate error between 10m and 100m. However, in another scenario, the sensing feasibility report may indicate that if the ranging estimate error is below 10m, sensing may be feasible despite the Doppler frequency estimate error being out of range. A combination of multiple factors (e.g., sensing metrics, etc.) may explain sensing feasibility. This type of feasibility information may enable the ISAC system to allocate resources (e.g., time slots) only when deploying the sensing reference signal is likely to result in successful sensing and / or positioning of the target object, and to save resources in cases where feasibility is insufficient.

[0084] If the sensing feasibility report indicates that sensing is not feasible, call flow 700 may end or return to step 712 .

[0085] Returning to step 720 of the call flow 700, if sensing is determined to be feasible or potentially feasible, the gNB 702 may transmit a sensing result report configuration to the sensing UE 706. Note that the sensing result report configuration is different from the sensing feasibility report configuration from step 712. The sensing result report configuration may be transmitted based on the sensing feasibility report received from step 718, or more specifically, based on an indication of the feasibility of sensing in an interference environment. In some embodiments, the sensing result report configuration may include a desired sensing metric (e.g., one or more of ranging estimation error, distance estimation error, velocity estimation error, Doppler frequency estimation error, micro-Doppler estimation error) as measured by the sensing UE 706 and / or a sensing RS resource (e.g., CSI-RS, SRS) measured or configured by the communicating UE 704.

[0086] At step 722 of the call flow 700, the gNB 702 may transmit a sensing reference signal to the sensing UE 706. The sensing reference signal may be an example of the sensing reference signal 410 and may be used by the sensing UE 706 as a reflection signal 412a (e.g., Figure 4 ) or sensing reference signal 508 (as depicted in Figure 5 and Figure 6 Sensing the reference signal can help locate the target object.

[0087] At step 724 of the call flow 700, the gNB 702 may receive a sensing result report from the sensing UE 706. In some embodiments, the sensing result report may include an estimate of a sensing metric based on the sensing reference signal, such as an estimated distance or speed of a target object. The estimated distance or speed may be based on a Doppler frequency or micro-Doppler signature associated with a "micro-motion" of the target object (e.g., movement of the blades of a UAV).

[0088] method

[0089] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a method 800 of determining feasibility of sensing a target object in an RF system having a communicating UE and a sensing UE according to some embodiments. Figure 8 The functional components illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown may be performed by hardware (e.g., a processor) and / or software components of a base station (e.g., a gNB) or a computer-readable device, which includes a storage medium storing computer-readable and / or computer-executable instructions that are configured to cause the at least one processor device or computerized device (e.g., a base station) to perform operations when executed by the processor device. Fig.11 Example components of a base station are illustrated in FIG. 4 , and are described in more detail below.

[0090] It should also be noted that the operations of method 800 may be performed in any suitable order, and need not be Figure 8 In addition, method 800 may include comparing Figure 8 More or fewer operations than those depicted may be performed to determine feasibility.

[0091] At block 810, method 800 may include transmitting or receiving a communication signal with a communication UE. In some scenarios, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may transmit a communication signal to a communication UE. For example, a downlink reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS) may be transmitted to the communication UE. In some scenarios, a base station may receive a communication signal from a communication UE. For example, an uplink reference signal (e.g., an SRS) may be received from the communication UE. In an embodiment of an integrated sensing communication system (e.g., ISAC system 500), the transmission or reception of a communication signal may cause, for example, signal interference to a sensing UE.

[0092] At block 820, method 800 may include transmitting a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE. In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report configuration may include requirements associated with one or more RF sensing metrics. Examples of such RF sensing metrics may include a missed detection rate (which in this context may refer to the probability that a UE misses the presence of another UE due to noise and channel fading), a false alarm rate, a mean square error (MSE) or a mean square deviation (MSD) of one or more RF sensing metrics (e.g., a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error), or a combination thereof. Each of these RF sensing metrics may have requirements (such as acceptable upper or lower thresholds or range requirements that the sensing UE needs to meet) in order to adequately perform sensing for a specific sensing instance of a target object to be sensed (e.g., 402, 512). Each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with a target object. The sensing feasibility report configuration may also indicate a communication reference signal resource and / or format of, for example, CSI-RS, SRS, DMRS, and / or PTRS as a reference metric for potential interference.

[0093] At block 830, method 800 may include receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE. In some embodiments, the sensing feasibility report may include information related to one or more RF sensing metrics under a given signal interference situation. The information related to one or more RF sensing metrics may include measurements for one or more of the aforementioned RF sensing metrics.

[0094] At block 840, method 800 may include transmitting an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on information associated with one or more RF sensing metrics indicating a positive feasibility of sensing the target object. Such a positive feasibility of sensing may indicate to the base station that transmitting the RF sensing reference signal to the target object will likely produce usable information that will result in the sensing UE sensing the target object.

[0095] In some implementations, one or more discrete determinations of sensing feasibility may be used to indicate sensing feasibility. For example, a "hard" value such as 1 or 0, feasible or not feasible, yes or no, etc., where "1", "feasible", and "yes" indicate a positive feasibility of sensing the target object or a high likelihood of sensing the target object (e.g., relative to a threshold likelihood). That is, a positive feasibility of sensing the target object includes one of the binary determinations of the feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0096] In some implementations, one or more derivatives of sensing feasibility may be used to determine the indication of sensing feasibility. "Soft" values ​​may be determined, such as the MSE of at least some of the one or more RF sensing metrics (e.g., distance estimation error, velocity estimation error, Doppler frequency estimation error, micro-Doppler frequency estimation error). Positive feasibility of sensing a target object may include at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold. Determination of the MSE may be performed using a defined relationship between a signal quality parameter (e.g., SNR, SINR) and an RF sensing metric (e.g., ranging estimation error). For example, since the ranging estimation error may vary continuously depending on the SNR, determining the SNR at the sensing UE given other variables such as RCS and bandwidth may allow the corresponding ranging estimation error to be determined. The MSE may then be determined by obtaining a plurality of error data points and the predicted error.

[0097] In some embodiments, if sensing is determined to be feasible or possibly feasible, the base station may transmit a sensing result report configuration to the sensing UE before transmitting an RF sensing reference signal to the sensing UE. The sensing result report configuration may include a desired sensing metric as measured by the sensing UE (e.g., one or more of a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a speed estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, and a micro-Doppler estimation error) and / or a sensing RS resource (e.g., CSI-RS, SRS) measured or configured by the communication UE.

[0098] In some embodiments, after transmitting the RF sensing reference signal to the sensing UE, the base station may receive a sensing result report from the sensing UE. In some embodiments, the sensing result report may include an estimate of a sensing metric based on the sensing reference signal, such as an estimated distance or speed of a target object. The estimated distance or speed may be based on a Doppler frequency or a micro-Doppler feature associated with a "micro-motion" of the target object (e.g., movement of a blade of a UAV).

[0099] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of another method 900 of determining feasibility of sensing a target object in an RF system having a communicating UE and a sensing UE according to some embodiments. Fig. 9 The functional components illustrated in one or more of the illustrated blocks may be performed by hardware (e.g., processor) and / or software components of a UE or a computer-readable device, the computer-readable device including a storage medium storing computer-readable and / or computer-executable instructions, which are configured to cause at least one processor device or computerized device (e.g., UE) to perform operations when executed by a processor device. Fig.10 Example components of a UE are illustrated in FIG, and are described in more detail below.

[0100] It should also be noted that the operations of method 900 may be performed in any suitable order, and need not be Fig. 9 In addition, method 900 may include comparing Fig. 9 More or fewer operations than those depicted may be performed to determine feasibility.

[0101] At block 910, method 900 may include receiving (e.g., at a sensing UE) a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station (e.g., a gNB), the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more RF sensing metrics. Examples of such RF sensing metrics may include a missed detection rate (which in this context may refer to the probability that a UE misses the presence of another UE due to noise and channel fading), a false alarm rate, a mean square error (MSE) or mean square deviation (MSD) of one or more RF sensing metrics (e.g., a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error), or a combination thereof. Each of these RF sensing metrics may have requirements (such as acceptable upper or lower thresholds or range requirements that the sensing UE needs to meet in order to adequately perform sensing for a particular sensing instance of a target object to be sensed (e.g., 402, 512). Each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with a target object.

[0102] At block 920, method 900 may include detecting signal interference based on communication between a base station and a communication UE. In some embodiments, signal interference may be detected via the presence of other signals such as CSI-RS (e.g., from a base station to a communication UE), SRS (e.g., from a communication UE to a base station), DMRS, and / or PTRS. The sensing UE may determine the presence of signal interference based on the reception of such signals. In some embodiments, the sensing UE may detect a downlink signal from a base station to another UE (e.g., a communication UE), or an uplink signal from another UE (e.g., a communication UE), thereby indicating the presence of interference caused by communication between the base station and the other UE. In some embodiments, the base station may transmit a signal to the sensing UE indicating the use of communication hardware (e.g., antenna 302) to perform data communication, for example during certain time slots consistent with the transmission of the sensing signal. The sensing UE may infer the presence of interference based on the signal. In some embodiments, the sensing UE may observe that the current time is significantly delayed compared to the timestamp included in the signal (if any) received from the base station or another UE. In some embodiments, the sensing UE may observe a lower signal quality parameter (eg, SNR, SINR) than a known signal quality parameter in a non-interference scenario. In some embodiments, the sensing UE may observe a lower downlink or uplink data transmission rate.

[0103] At block 930, method 900 may include generating a sensing feasibility report that includes information related to one or more RF sensing metrics given a signal interference situation and indicates the feasibility of sensing the target object. In some embodiments, the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics may include measurements for one or more of the aforementioned RF sensing metrics.

[0104] In some embodiments, one or more discrete determinations of sensing feasibility may be used to indicate the feasibility of sensing a target object. In some implementations, the discrete determination may be a binary determination, such as 1 or 0, feasible or not feasible, yes or no, etc., where "1", "feasible", and "yes" indicate a positive feasibility of sensing a target object or a high likelihood of sensing a target object (e.g., relative to a threshold likelihood). In some implementations, one or more derivative determinations of sensing feasibility may be used to indicate the discrete determination. "Soft" values ​​may be determined, such as the MSE of at least some of the one or more RF sensing metrics (e.g., range estimation error, velocity estimation error, Doppler frequency estimation error, micro-Doppler frequency estimation error).

[0105] At block 940, method 900 may include transmitting a sensing feasibility report to a base station.

[0106] In some embodiments, based on the sensing feasibility report, the base station may transmit a sensing result report configuration (including, for example, a desired sensing metric, as described elsewhere herein) and transmit a sensing reference signal to the target object. In some embodiments, based on receiving the sensing reference signal after interacting with the target object, the sensing UE may transmit a sensing result report (including, for example, an estimate of the sensing metric based on the sensing reference signal, as described elsewhere herein).

[0107] Device

[0108] Fig.10 is a block diagram of an embodiment of UE 105, which may be described herein above (e.g., in conjunction with Figures 7 to 9 ) is utilized as described in . For example, UE 105 may execute Figure 7 or Fig. 9 However, the UE may also be configured to enable Figure 8 One or more functions of the method shown, such as receiving a sensing feasibility report from a sensing UE (e.g., block 830). It should be noted that Fig.10 It is intended only to provide a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. It may be noted that in some instances, Fig.10 The illustrated components may be localized as a single physical device and / or distributed among various networked devices that may be located at different physical locations. In addition, as previously noted, the functionality of the UE discussed in the previously described embodiments may be provided by Fig.10 The system may be executed by one or more of the hardware and / or software components illustrated in the specification.

[0109] UE 105 is shown as including hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via bus 1005 (or may communicate in other ways as appropriate). The hardware elements may include a processor 1010, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., application processors), one or more special-purpose processors (such as digital signal processor (DSP) chips, graphics acceleration processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.), and / or other processing structures or components. Processor 1010 may include one or more processing units, which may be housed in a single integrated circuit (IC) or multiple ICs. Fig.10As shown, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 1020, depending on the desired functionality. Position determination and / or other determinations based on wireless communication may be provided in the processor 1010 and / or the wireless communication interface 1030 (discussed below). The UE 105 may also include: one or more input devices 1070, which may include but are not limited to one or more keyboards, touch screens, touch pads, microphones, buttons, dials, switches, etc.; and one or more output devices 1015, which may include but are not limited to one or more displays (e.g., touch screens), light emitting diodes (LEDs), speakers, etc.

[0110] UE 105 may also include a wireless communication interface 1030, which may include but is not limited to a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and / or a chipset (such as Device, IEEE 802.11 device, IEEE 802.15.4 device, Wi-Fi device, WiMAX device, WAN device and / or various cellular devices, etc.), which can enable UE 105 to communicate with other devices as described in the above embodiments. The wireless communication interface 1030 can allow the use of the TRP of the network, for example, via eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, access point, various base stations and / or other access node types, and / or other network components, computer systems, and / or any other electronic device communicatively coupled to the TRP to communicate (e.g., send and receive) data and signaling, as described herein. Communication can be performed via one or more wireless communication antennas 1032 that transmit and / or receive wireless signals 1034. According to some embodiments, the wireless communication antenna 1032 may include multiple discrete antennas, antenna arrays, or any combination thereof. Antenna 1032 may be able to use beams (e.g., Tx beams and Rx beams) to send and receive wireless signals. Beamforming can be performed using digital and / or analog beamforming techniques using corresponding digital and / or analog circuits. Wireless communication interface 1030 may include such circuitry.

[0111] Depending on the desired functionality, the wireless communication interface 1030 may include separate receivers and transmitters, or any combination of transceivers, transmitters, and / or receivers to communicate with base stations (e.g., ng-eNBs and gNBs) and other terrestrial transceivers (such as wireless devices and access points). The UE 105 may communicate with different data networks, which may include various network types. For example, a wireless wide area network (WWAN) may be a CDMA network, a time division multiple access (TDMA) network, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) network, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, and the like. A CDMA network may implement one or more RATs, such as WCDMA, etc. Includes IS-95, IS-2000, and / or IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement GSM, Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some other RAT. An OFDMA network may employ LTE, Advanced LTE, 5G NR, and the like. 5G NR, LTE, Advanced LTE, GSM, and WCDMA are described in documents from 3GPP. Described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. A wireless local area network (WLAN) may also be an IEEE 802.11x network, and a wireless personal area network (WPAN) may be a Bluetooth network, IEEE 802.15x, or some other type of network. The techniques described herein may also be used for any combination of WWAN, WLAN, and / or WPAN.

[0112] The UE 105 may further include a sensor 1040. The sensor 1040 may include, but is not limited to, one or more inertial sensors and / or other sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, magnetometers, altimeters, microphones, proximity sensors, light sensors, barometers, etc.), some of which may be used to obtain position-related measurements and / or other information.

[0113] Embodiments of UE 105 may also include a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver 1080 that is capable of receiving signals 1084 from one or more GNSS satellites using antenna 1082 (which may be the same as antenna 1032). Positioning based on GNSS signal measurements may be used to supplement and / or incorporate the techniques described herein. GNSS receiver 1080 may extract the position of UE 105 from GNSS satellites 110 of GNSS systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo, GLONASS, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) over Japan, IRNSS over India, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) over China, etc. using conventional techniques. In addition, the GNSS receiver 1080 may be used for various augmentation systems (e.g., satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS)) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems, such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multifunction Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), and the Geographic Augmentation Navigation System (GAGAN), among others.

[0114] It can be noted that although Fig.10 1080 is illustrated as a different component, but the embodiments are not limited to this. As used herein, the term "GNSS receiver" may include hardware and / or software components configured to obtain GNSS measurements (measurements from GNSS satellites). Therefore, in some embodiments, the GNSS receiver may include (as software) a measurement engine executed by one or more processors (such as processor 1010, DSP 1020 and / or a processor within wireless communication interface 1030 (e.g., in a modem)). The GNSS receiver may also optionally include a positioning engine that can use the GNSS measurements from the measurement engine to determine the orientation of the GNSS receiver using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), weighted least squares (WLS), a hatch filter, a particle filter, etc. The positioning engine may also be executed by one or more processors such as processor 1010 or DSP 1020.

[0115] The UE 105 may further include and / or be in communication with a memory 1060. The memory 1060 may include, but is not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices such as random access memory (RAM) and / or read-only memory (ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, and the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including but not limited to various file systems, database structures, and the like.

[0116] The memory 1060 of the UE 105 may also include software elements ( Fig.10 105), including an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code such as one or more applications, which software elements may include computer programs provided by various embodiments and / or may be designed to implement methods provided by other embodiments and / or configure systems provided by other embodiments, as described herein. By way of example only, one or more processes described with respect to the methods discussed above may be implemented as code and / or instructions in memory 1060 that can be executed by UE 105 (and / or processor 1010 or DSP 1020 within UE 105). In some embodiments, such code and / or instructions may then be used to configure and / or adapt a general purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations according to the described methods.

[0117] Fig.11 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station 120, which may be described herein above (e.g., in conjunction with Figures 7 to 9 ) is used as described. It should be noted that Fig.11 It is intended only to provide a generalized illustration of the various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. In some embodiments, base station 120 may correspond to a gNB, ng-eNB, and / or (more generally) a TRP.

[0118] Base station 120 is shown as including hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via bus 1105 (or may communicate in other ways as appropriate). The hardware elements may include processor 1110, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more general-purpose processors, one or more special-purpose processors (such as DSP chips, graphics acceleration processors, ASICs, etc.), and / or other processing structures or components. Fig.11 As shown, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 1120, depending on the desired functionality. According to some embodiments, wireless communication-based position determination and / or other determinations may be provided in the processor 1110 and / or the wireless communication interface 1130 (discussed below). The base station 120 may also include one or more input devices, which may include but are not limited to a keyboard, a display, a mouse, a microphone, buttons, a dial, a switch, etc.; and one or more output devices, which may include but are not limited to a display, a light emitting diode (LED), a speaker, etc.

[0119] The base station 120 may also include a wireless communication interface 1130, which may include but is not limited to a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and / or a chipset (such as Devices, IEEE 802.11 devices, IEEE 802.15.4 devices, Wi-Fi devices, WiMAX devices, cellular communication facilities, etc.), etc., which can enable the base station 120 to communicate as described herein. The wireless communication interface 1130 can permit the communication (e.g., sending and receiving) of data and signaling to UEs, other base stations / TRPs (e.g., eNBs, gNBs, and ng-eNBs), and / or other network components, computer systems, and / or any other electronic devices described herein. Communication can be performed via one or more wireless communication antennas 1132 that transmit and / or receive wireless signals 1134.

[0120] The base station 120 may also include a network interface 1180, which may include support for wired communication technologies. The network interface 1180 may include a modem, a network card, a chipset, etc. The network interface 1180 may include one or more input and / or output communication interfaces to permit data to be exchanged with a network, a communication network server, a computer system, and / or any other electronic device described herein.

[0121] In many embodiments, the base station 120 may also include a memory 1160. The memory 1160 may include, but is not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices such as RAM and / or ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updatable, etc. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, and the like.

[0122] The memory 1160 of the base station 120 may also include software elements ( Fig.11 110), these software elements include operating systems, device drivers, executable libraries and / or other code such as one or more applications, which may include computer programs provided by various embodiments and / or may be designed to implement methods provided by other embodiments and / or configure systems provided by other embodiments, as described herein. By way of example only, one or more procedures described with respect to the methods discussed above may be implemented as code and / or instructions in memory 1160 that can be executed by base station 120 (and / or processor 1110 or DSP 1120 within base station 120). Then, in some embodiments, such code and / or instructions may be used to configure and / or adapt a general purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations according to the described methods.

[0123] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that substantial modifications may be made according to specific requirements. For example, customized hardware may also be used, and / or specific elements may be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc.), or both. In addition, connections to other computing devices, such as network input / output devices, may be employed.

[0124] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the components that may include memory may include non-transient machine-readable media. As used herein, the terms "machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable medium" refer to any storage medium that participates in providing data that enables a machine to operate in a particular manner. In the embodiments provided above, various machine-readable media may be involved when providing instructions / codes to processors and / or other devices for execution. Additionally or alternatively, machine-readable media may be used to store and / or carry such instructions / codes. In many specific implementations, computer-readable media are physical and / or tangible storage media. Such media may take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile media and volatile media. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example: magnetic and / or optical media, any other physical media with hole patterns, RAM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or memory box, or any other medium that can be used for computer-readable instructions and / or codes.

[0125] The methods, systems and devices discussed herein are examples. Various embodiments may omit, replace or add various processes or components as appropriate. For example, the features described for certain embodiments may be combined in various other embodiments. The different aspects and elements of the embodiments may be combined in a similar manner. The various components of the accompanying drawings provided herein may be embodied in hardware and / or software. In addition, technology may evolve, and therefore many elements are examples, which do not limit the scope of the present disclosure to those specific examples.

[0126] It has proven convenient at times, primarily for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, information, values, elements, symbols, characters, variables, terms, numbers, digital symbols, and the like. It will be understood, however, that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless expressly stated otherwise, as will be apparent from the above discussion, it will be understood that throughout this specification, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," "ascertaining," "identifying," "correlating," "measuring," "performing," and the like refer to the actions or processes of a particular device such as a special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device. Thus, in the context of this specification, a special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical, electronic, electrical, or magnetic quantities in a memory, register, or other information storage device, a transmitting device, or a display device of the special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device.

[0127] As used herein, the terms "and" and "or" may include various meanings that are also intended to depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Generally, "or", if used in association with a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C (inclusive meaning is used here) as well as A, B, or C (exclusive meaning is used here). In addition, as used herein, the term "one or more" may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular, or may be used to describe a certain combination of features, structures, or characteristics. However, it should be noted that this is merely an illustrative example, and the subject matter claimed is not limited to this example. In addition, the term "at least one of", if used in association with a list, such as A, B, or C, may be interpreted to mean any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A, AB, AA, AAB, AABBCCC, etc.

[0128] Several embodiments have been described, and various modifications, alternative configurations, and equivalents may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the above elements may be components of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over the application of the various embodiments or otherwise modify the application of the various embodiments. In addition, multiple steps may be performed before, during, or after considering the above elements. Accordingly, the above description does not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0129] In view of this description, various embodiments may include different combinations of features. Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0130] Clause 1. A method for determining the feasibility of sensing a target object in a radio frequency (RF) sensing system having a communication user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE, the method comprising: transmitting or receiving a communication signal using the communication UE, the transmission or the reception of the communication signal causing signal interference to the sensing UE; transmitting a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more RF sensing metrics; receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation; and transmitting an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0131] Clause 2. The method according to clause 1 further comprises: transmitting a sensing result report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing result report configuration comprising the one or more RF sensing metrics; and receiving a sensing result report from the sensing UE, the sensing result report comprising one or more estimates corresponding to the one or more RF sensing metrics based on the RF sensing reference signal.

[0132] Clause 3. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 2, wherein sensing the positive feasibility of the target object comprises sensing one of a binary determination of feasibility of the target object.

[0133] Clause 4. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the affirmative feasibility of sensing the target object comprises at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

[0134] Clause 5. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, and each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object.

[0135] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics associated with the target object are based at least on a signal quality parameter measured by the sensing UE.

[0136] Clause 7. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing measurements includes one or more corresponding estimated error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing measurements associated with the target object.

[0137] Clause 8. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the transmission of the communication signal by the communication UE includes transmitting a downlink reference signal to the communication UE; and the reception of the communication signal by the communication UE includes receiving an uplink reference signal from the communication UE.

[0138] Clause 9. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the transmission of the sensing feasibility reporting configuration includes transmitting the sensing feasibility reporting configuration to multiple sensing UEs; the sensing feasibility reporting configuration includes multiple profiles, each profile defining one or more different requirements associated with at least a portion of the one or more RF sensing metrics; and the method further includes selecting one or more sensing UEs from the multiple sensing UEs to sense the target object, the selection being based on the one or more different requirements indicating the sensing feasibility of the selected one or more sensing UEs from the multiple sensing UEs.

[0139] Clause 10. A wireless base station, comprising: a transceiver configured to perform data communications with a communication user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE; a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory and configured to: transmit or receive a communication signal using the communication UE, the transmission or the reception of the communication signal causing signal interference to the sensing UE; transmit a sensing feasibility report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; receive a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation; and transmit an RF sensing reference signal to the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0140] Clause 11. A wireless base station according to clause 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmit a sensing result report configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing result report configuration including the one or more RF sensing metrics; and receive a sensing result report from the sensing UE, the sensing result report including one or more estimates corresponding to the one or more RF sensing metrics based on the RF sensing reference signal.

[0141] Clause 12. The wireless base station of any of clauses 10 to 11, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises one of a binary determination of the feasibility of sensing the target object.

[0142] Clause 13. A wireless base station as described in any of clauses 10 to 12, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object includes at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

[0143] Clause 14. A wireless base station according to any one of clauses 10 to 13, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a speed estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object and is based at least on a signal quality parameter measured by the sensing UE; and the signal quality parameter includes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0144] Clause 15. A wireless base station as described in any of clauses 10 to 14, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics includes one or more corresponding estimated error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing metrics associated with the target object.

[0145] Clause 16. A wireless base station according to any one of clauses 10 to 15, wherein the transmission of the communication signal using the communication UE includes transmitting a downlink reference signal to the communication UE; and the reception of the communication signal using the communication UE includes receiving an uplink reference signal from the communication UE.

[0146] Clause 17. A wireless base station according to any one of clauses 10 to 16, wherein the transmission of the sensing feasibility reporting configuration includes transmitting the sensing feasibility reporting configuration to multiple sensing UEs; the sensing feasibility reporting configuration includes multiple profiles, each profile defining one or more different requirements associated with at least a portion of the one or more RF sensing metrics; and the one or more processors are further configured to select one or more sensing UEs from the multiple sensing UEs to sense the target object, the selection being based on the one or more different requirements indicating the sensing feasibility of the one or more sensing UEs selected from the multiple sensing UEs.

[0147] Clause 18. A non-transitory computer-readable device comprising a storage medium, the storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions being configured to, when executed by one or more processors, cause a sensing user equipment (UE) to perform the following operations: receive a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility report configuration comprising requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; detect signal interference based on communication between the base station and a communicating UE; generate a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report comprising information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation and indicating the feasibility of sensing a target object; and transmit the sensing feasibility report to the base station.

[0148] Clause 19. A non-transitory computer-readable device according to clause 18, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the sensing UE to perform the following operations: indicate a positive feasibility of sensing the target object based on the feasibility of sensing the target object: receive an RF sensing reference signal originating from the base station; determine an estimated sensing metric associated with the target object based on the RF sensing reference signal; and transmit a sensing result report to the base station, the sensing result report including the estimated sensing metric.

[0149] Clause 20. The non-transitory computer-readable device of any one of Clauses 18-19, wherein the affirmative feasibility of sensing the target object comprises one of a binary determination of sensing feasibility.

[0150] Clause 21. A non-transitory computer-readable device as described in any of clauses 18 to 20, wherein the affirmative feasibility of sensing the target object includes at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

[0151] Clause 22. The non-transitory computer-readable device of any one of clauses 18 to 21, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing metrics.

[0152] Clause 23. A non-transitory computer-readable device according to any one of clauses 18 to 22, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, and each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object.

[0153] Clause 24. A non-transitory computer-readable device according to any one of clauses 18 to 23, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to: when executed by the one or more processors, cause the sensing UE to perform the following operations: measure a signal quality parameter; and determine a ranging estimation error associated with the target object based at least on the measured signal quality parameter.

[0154] Clause 25. A sensing user equipment (UE), comprising: a component for receiving a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; a component for detecting signal interference based on communication between the base station and the communicating UE; a component for generating a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report including information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation and indicating the feasibility of sensing a target object; and a component for transmitting the sensing feasibility report to the base station.

[0155] Clause 26. The sensing UE according to clause 25, the sensing UE further comprising: a positive feasibility of sensing the target object based on the feasibility indication of sensing the target object: a component for receiving an RF sensing reference signal originating from the base station; a component for determining an estimated sensing metric associated with the target object based on the RF sensing reference signal; and a component for transmitting a sensing result report to the base station, the sensing result report including the estimated sensing metric.

[0156] Clause 27. A sensing UE according to any of clauses 25 to 26, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object includes one of a binary determination of sensing feasibility, or at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meets or exceeds a specified threshold.

[0157] Clause 28. The sensing UE of any of clauses 25 to 27, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises error values ​​of the one or more RF sensing metrics.

[0158] Clause 29. A sensing UE according to any one of clauses 25 to 28, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a speed estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, and each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object.

[0159] Clause 30. A sensing UE according to any one of clauses 25 to 29, the sensing UE further comprising means for measuring a signal quality parameter; and means for determining a ranging estimation error associated with the target object based at least on the measured signal quality parameter; wherein the signal quality parameter comprises a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

Claims

1. A method for determining feasibility of sensing a target object in a radio frequency (RF) sensing system having a communication user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE, the method comprising: transmitting or receiving a communication signal by using the communication UE, wherein the transmitting or receiving of the communication signal causes signal interference to the sensing UE; transmitting a sensing feasibility reporting configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility reporting configuration comprising requirements associated with one or more RF sensing metrics; receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report comprising information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation; as well as An RF sensing reference signal is transmitted toward the target object based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating a positive feasibility of sensing the target object.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a sensing result reporting configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing result reporting configuration including the one or more RF sensing metrics; as well as A sensing result report is received from the sensing UE, the sensing result report including one or more estimates corresponding to the one or more RF sensing metrics based on the RF sensing reference signal. 3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein sensing the positive feasibility of the target object comprises sensing one of a binary determination of feasibility of the target object. 4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, and each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object. 6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics associated with the target object are based at least on a signal quality parameter measured by the sensing UE.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises one or more corresponding estimated error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing metrics associated with the target object.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmitting of the communication signal by the communication UE comprises transmitting a downlink reference signal to the communication UE; and The reception of the communication signal by the communication UE comprises receiving an uplink reference signal from the communication UE.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmitting of the sensing feasibility reporting configuration comprises transmitting the sensing feasibility reporting configuration to a plurality of sensing UEs; The sensing feasibility report configuration includes a plurality of configuration files, each configuration file defining one or more different requirements associated with at least a portion of the one or more RF sensing metrics; and The method further includes selecting one or more sensing UEs of the plurality of sensing UEs to sense the target object, the selecting being based on the one or more different requirements indicating sensing feasibility of the selected one or more sensing UEs of the plurality of sensing UEs.

10. A wireless base station, comprising: a transceiver configured to perform data communications with a communicating user equipment (UE) and a sensing UE; Memory; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory and configured to: transmitting or receiving a communication signal by using the communication UE, wherein the transmitting or receiving of the communication signal causes signal interference to the sensing UE; transmitting a sensing feasibility reporting configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility reporting configuration comprising requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; receiving a sensing feasibility report from the sensing UE, the sensing feasibility report comprising information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation; as well as Based on the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics indicating a positive feasibility of sensing a target object, an RF sensing reference signal is transmitted to the target object.

11. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmitting a sensing result reporting configuration to the sensing UE, the sensing result reporting configuration including the one or more RF sensing metrics; and A sensing result report is received from the sensing UE, the sensing result report including one or more estimates corresponding to the one or more RF sensing metrics based on the RF sensing reference signal.

12. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises one of a binary determination of the feasibility of sensing the target object.

13. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

14. The wireless base station according to claim 10, wherein: The one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a speed estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, each of the one or more RF sensing metrics being associated with the target object and based at least on a signal quality parameter measured by the sensing UE; and The signal quality parameter includes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

15. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises one or more corresponding estimated error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing metrics associated with the target object.

16. The wireless base station according to claim 10, wherein: The transmitting of the communication signal by the communication UE comprises transmitting a downlink reference signal to the communication UE; and The reception of the communication signal by the communication UE comprises receiving an uplink reference signal from the communication UE.

17. The wireless base station according to claim 10, wherein: The transmitting of the sensing feasibility reporting configuration comprises transmitting the sensing feasibility reporting configuration to a plurality of sensing UEs; The sensing feasibility report configuration includes a plurality of configuration files, each configuration file defining one or more different requirements associated with at least a portion of the one or more RF sensing metrics; and The one or more processors are further configured to select one or more sensing UEs of the plurality of sensing UEs to sense the target object, the selection being based on the one or more different requirements indicating sensing feasibility of the selected one or more sensing UEs of the plurality of sensing UEs.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable device comprising a storage medium, the storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions being configured to, when executed by one or more processors, cause a sensing user equipment (UE): receiving a sensing feasibility report configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility report configuration including requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; detecting signal interference based on communication between the base station and the communication UE; generating a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report comprising information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference situation and indicating a feasibility of sensing a target object; as well as The sensing feasibility report is transmitted to the base station.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the sensing UE to: Based on the feasibility of sensing the target object indicating a positive feasibility of sensing the target object: receiving an RF sensing reference signal from the base station; determining an estimated sensing metric associated with the target object based on the RF sensing reference signal; as well as A sensing result report is transmitted to the base station, the sensing result report including an estimated sensing metric.

20. The non-transitory computer readable device of claim 19, wherein the affirmative feasibility of sensing the target object comprises one of a binary determination of sensing feasibility.

21. The non-transitory computer readable device of claim 19, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meeting or exceeding a specified threshold.

22. The non-transitory computer readable device of claim 18, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises error values ​​for the one or more RF sensing metrics.

23. A non-transitory computer-readable device according to claim 18, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a velocity estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, each of the one or more RF sensing metrics being associated with the target object.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to: when executed by the one or more processors, cause the sensing UE to: measure a signal quality parameter; and determine a ranging estimation error associated with the target object based at least on the measured signal quality parameter.

25. A sensing user equipment (UE), the sensing user equipment (UE) comprising: means for receiving a sensing feasibility reporting configuration from a base station, the sensing feasibility reporting configuration comprising requirements associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing metrics; A means for detecting signal interference based on communication between the base station and a communication UE; means for generating a sensing feasibility report, the sensing feasibility report comprising information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics given the signal interference conditions and indicating a feasibility of sensing a target object; and Means for transmitting the sensing feasibility report to the base station.

26. The sensing UE according to claim 25, further comprising: Based on the feasibility of sensing the target object indicating a positive feasibility of sensing the target object: means for receiving an RF sensing reference signal originating from the base station; means for determining an estimated sensing metric associated with the target object based on the RF sensing reference signal; and Means for transmitting a sensing result report to the base station, the sensing result report comprising an estimated sensing metric.

27. The sensing UE of claim 26, wherein the positive feasibility of sensing the target object comprises one of a binary determination of sensing feasibility, or at least one of the requirements associated with the one or more RF sensing metrics meets or exceeds a specified threshold.

28. The sensing UE of claim 25, wherein the information related to the one or more RF sensing metrics comprises error values ​​of the one or more RF sensing metrics.

29. The sensing UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more RF sensing metrics include a missed detection rate, a false alarm rate, a ranging estimation error, a distance estimation error, a speed estimation error, a Doppler frequency estimation error, a micro-Doppler frequency estimation error, or a combination thereof, and each of the one or more RF sensing metrics is associated with the target object.

30. The sensing UE according to claim 25, further comprising: A means for measuring a signal quality parameter; and means for determining a ranging estimate error associated with the target object based at least on the measured signal quality parameter; The signal quality parameter includes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

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