Compact broadband beam dual-polarized antenna array based on high-order mode

Abstract

The application discloses a compact broadband beam dipole antenna array based on high-order modes, which comprises two subarrays, the two subarrays share a dielectric substrate with upper and lower surface parts partially covered with copper, and are fed with equal amplitude through a 1:2 power division feeding structure, the two subarrays are left-right symmetrical about a central axis of the dielectric substrate, each subarray comprises a substrate integrated waveguide cavity and multiple pairs of side-by-side dipoles, and is connected by a grounded coplanar waveguide, the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is formed by equidistantly arranging metalized vias, and works in TE 510 high-order modes, a dipole is arranged at the position of the center of the periphery of each electric field loop of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and single-side radiation with high directivity in the H plane and wide 3dB beam width in the E plane can be obtained by arranging the radiation arms of the dipoles according to the superposition and cancellation rules of the radiation field. The application solves the problems of complex structure and difficult implementation of the existing wide beam antenna.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a compact broadband beam dipole antenna array based on high-order mode. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the upgrading of wireless communication systems, as the radio frequency front-end device that receives and transmits electromagnetic signals, the electrical performance and radiation performance of the antenna are facing higher requirements. In recent years, with the expansion of civil wireless communication systems and the rapid development of Internet of Vehicles, how to realize wide beam technology on the basis of small and compact antennas has become one of the current research hotspots.

[0003] The commonly used wide beam technology solutions are as follows: 1. Change the dielectric plate, widen the beam width by increasing the area of the dielectric plate or folding the floor, but increase the overall size of the antenna. 2. Load parasitic elements, introduce metal walls, short probes, etc. around the antenna to introduce vertical currents near the radiating elements to produce more uniform gain in a larger range, but also increase the complexity of the antenna structure. 3. Current complementary method, through the radiation field complementary characteristics of electric field mode fusion or magnetic electric dipole, realize the wide beam unidirectional radiation characteristics. Based on the above technical solutions, considering the comprehensive radiation performance of the antenna, it is of great significance to design an antenna with simple structure, compactness, wide impedance bandwidth and wide beam.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings and shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a compact broadband beam dipole antenna array based on high-order mode, which solves the problems of complex structure and difficult implementation of the existing wide beam antenna. The antenna array works in X band, with a bandwidth of 9.5-10.5 GHz, a relative bandwidth of 10%, and a 3 dB beam width of 196° in the E plane, realizing wide impedance matching bandwidth and wide beam width characteristics. In addition, the high-order mode antenna array designed by using the substrate integrated waveguide cavity structure has the characteristics of low loss and high compactness.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: a compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes, comprising two subarrays sharing a single dielectric substrate and fed by a 1-to-2 power divider structure with equal amplitude. The upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate are partially copper-clad, with the copper-clad portion of the lower surface serving as a ground plane. The two subarrays are symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate. Each subarray includes a substrate-integrated waveguide cavity and multiple pairs of parallel dipoles connected by a grounded coplanar waveguide. The substrate-integrated waveguide cavity is formed by equidistantly spaced metallized vias and operates at TE... 510 In the higher-order mode, dipoles are placed at the center of the outer periphery of each electric field loop of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, that is, on the upper side of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity away from the feed port of the one-to-two power divider feed structure and on the lower side close to the feed port. The dipoles are arranged in two rows at intervals and achieve in-phase radiation. The adjacent dipole structures in the upper row are in opposite directions but have the same current direction, while the dipole structures in the lower row are the same but have opposite current directions. That is, by placing the radiating arms of the dipoles according to the law of superposition and destructive radiation fields, a single-sided radiation with high directivity in the H plane and a wide beamwidth of 3dB in the E plane can be obtained.

[0007] Furthermore, each dipole contains two opposing radial arms.

[0008] Furthermore, the dipoles in the upper row are sorted into odd and even groups according to their odd and even numbers. That is, the dipoles with odd numbers are grouped together, and the dipoles with even numbers are grouped together. The left radiating arms of the odd group are placed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right radiating arms are placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the upper and lower surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively. The left radiating arms of the even group are placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right radiating arms are placed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the lower and upper surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, in the subarray on the left, the left radiating arm of each dipole in the lower row is placed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right radiating arm is placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the upper and lower surfaces respectively by microstrip transmission lines. In the subarray on the right, the left radiating arm of each dipole in the lower row is placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right radiating arm is placed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the lower and upper surfaces respectively by microstrip transmission lines.

[0010] Furthermore, the grounding coplanar waveguide has an input grounding coplanar waveguide and an output grounding coplanar waveguide. The input grounding coplanar waveguide connects the substrate integrated waveguide cavity to the feed line of the one-to-two power-dividing feed structure, and the output grounding coplanar waveguide connects the substrate integrated waveguide cavity to each dipole.

[0011] Further, the input ground coplanar waveguide and the output ground coplanar waveguide are Γ-shaped structures.

[0012] Further, the dipole is a half-wavelength dipole.

[0013] Further, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The antenna array has the advantages of high gain, wide impedance bandwidth and wide beam width, and has the advantages of compact size, simple structure, low processing cost and good application prospect.

[0016] 2. The antenna array places the dipole with differential characteristics in the high-order mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and can realize in-phase radiation without designing a power distribution network.

[0017] 3. The adjacent dipole structures in the upper row of the subarray are opposite in turn but the current directions are the same, and the dipole structures in the lower row are the same but the current directions are opposite in turn, that is, by placing the dipole radiation arms according to the radiation field superposition and cancellation rule, single-side directional radiation with high directivity in the H plane and wide 3dB beam width in the E plane can be obtained, compared with other technical methods for realizing wide beam such as loading parasitic elements and introducing vertical current method, the technical solution has lower implementation difficulty. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the antenna array of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 is a top view of the antenna array of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 is a bottom view of the antenna array of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 is a simulation S parameter and gain result graph of the antenna array of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 is a simulation radiation pattern of the antenna array of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 , 2The embodiment discloses a compact broadband beam dipole antenna array based on high-order mode, which comprises two subarrays, the two subarrays share a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1 and are fed by a 1:2 power division structure 9, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1 are partially covered with copper, the black part in the figure is the copper-covered part of the upper surface, marked as 2, the gray part is the copper-covered part of the lower surface, marked as 3, and the copper-covered part of the lower surface serves as a ground plate, the two subarrays are left-right symmetrical about the central axis of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, each subarray comprises a substrate integrated waveguide cavity and five pairs of side-by-side half-wave dipoles, and is connected by a grounded coplanar waveguide, thereby effectively improving the impedance matching characteristic; the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is formed by metalized vias 4 with the same specific center distance, and the size is set to work in the TE 510 high-order mode; a half-wave dipole is arranged at the position of the periphery center of each electric field loop of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, that is, the upper side of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity away from the feeding port of the 1:2 power division structure 9 and the lower side close to the feeding port, the half-wave dipoles are compactly arranged at a distance of one-fifth of the cavity length, and are divided into two rows, each half-wave dipole comprises two left-right opposite radiation arms, the half-wave dipoles are arranged according to the radiation arm rule, and the differential characteristic is utilized to realize in-phase radiation, without the need of designing a power distribution network, the omission of the power distribution network can reduce the size of the subarray and realize a more compact antenna array aperture; the grounded coplanar waveguide comprises a Γ-shaped input grounded coplanar waveguide 5 and a Γ-shaped output grounded coplanar waveguide 6, the Γ-shaped input grounded coplanar waveguide 5 is connected between the substrate integrated waveguide cavity and the feeding line of the 1:2 power division structure 9, the Γ-shaped output grounded coplanar waveguide 6 is connected between the substrate integrated waveguide cavity and each half-wave dipole, and the Γ-shaped structure design increases the adjustability of impedance matching, so that more input energy is radiated outward through the half-wave dipoles.

[0025] Specifically, the upper row (far from the feed port side) 10 half-wavelength dipoles are divided into odd-numbered group 7-1~7-6 and even-numbered group 7-7~7-10 according to odd and even number, that is, the half-wavelength dipoles belonging to odd number are divided into a group, and the half-wavelength dipoles belonging to even number are divided into a group, wherein the left radiation arm of the odd-numbered group is placed on the upper surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, and the right radiation arm is placed on the lower surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, both of which are connected to the copper-coated parts 2, 3 on the upper and lower surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively; the left radiation arm of the even-numbered group is placed on the lower surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, and the right radiation arm is placed on the upper surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, both of which are connected to the copper-coated parts 3, 2 on the lower and upper surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively; the adjacent half-wavelength dipole structures of the upper row are opposite in turn but have the same phase current distribution, the radiation field is superimposed in the main radiation direction, which plays a role in enhancing the far-field directivity of the antenna array; the lower row (close to the feed port side) 10 half-wavelength dipoles are divided into two groups 8-1 (i.e. 5 half-wavelength dipoles located in the left subarray) and 8-2 (i.e. 5 half-wavelength dipoles located in the right subarray), wherein the left radiation arm of each half-wavelength dipole in the left subarray is placed on the upper surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, and the right radiation arm is placed on the lower surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, both of which are connected to the copper-coated parts 2, 3 on the upper and lower surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively; the left radiation arm of each half-wavelength dipole in the right subarray is placed on the lower surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, and the right radiation arm is placed on the upper surface of the Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate 1, both of which are connected to the copper-coated parts 3, 2 on the lower and upper surfaces by microstrip transmission lines, respectively; the adjacent dipole structures of the two are the same but the current distribution is opposite in turn, which cancels out the radiation field of the back lobe of the directional diagram, and obtains a single-side directional radiation with a wide 3 dB beam width. Therefore, by placing the radiation arms of the half-wavelength dipoles according to the superposition and cancellation rules of the radiation field, the high directivity in the H plane and the wide beam in the E plane of the Huygens antenna directional diagram can be obtained while significantly reducing the complexity of the antenna array.

[0026] Referring to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the simulation S parameter and gain results of the above-mentioned antenna array of the embodiment are shown. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the antenna array works in 9.5-10.5 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 10%, and the transmission characteristics of wide impedance bandwidth are shown. And the gain of the antenna array is greater than 9.11 dBi in 9.5-10.5 GHz, the maximum gain is 11.1 dBi, and the radiation characteristics of smooth gain in the passband are shown.

[0027] Referring to Figure 5As shown, the simulation radiation pattern of the antenna array is shown. From the simulation results, the 3dB beam width of the antenna array in the E-plane is 196°, and the antenna array has high directivity in the H-plane, showing good radiation performance.

[0028] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any changes made in the shape or principle of the present application should be covered by the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A compact, wide-bandwidth beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes, characterized in that, The system comprises two subarrays sharing a single dielectric substrate (1) and fed by a power divider (9) with equal amplitude. The dielectric substrate (1) has copper plating on both sides, with one side serving as the ground plane. The two subarrays are symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate (1). Each subarray contains a substrate-integrated waveguide cavity and multiple pairs of parallel dipoles connected by a grounded coplanar waveguide. The substrate-integrated waveguide cavity is formed by equidistantly spaced metallized vias (4) and operates at TE. 510 In the higher-order mode, dipoles are placed at the center of the outer periphery of each electric field loop of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity. The output ports of the one-to-two power-dividing feed structure (9) are respectively connected to one of the two sub-arrays, so that the dipoles are divided into upper and lower rows and achieve in-phase radiation. Each dipole contains two radiating arms that are opposite to each other. The radiating arms of adjacent dipoles in the upper row are opposite in sequence but the current direction is the same. The radiating arms of dipoles in the lower row are the same but the current direction is opposite in sequence. That is, by placing the radiating arms of the dipoles according to the law of superposition and destructive radiation fields, the high directivity of the H plane and the width of the E plane 3d can be obtained. B-beamwidth single-sided radiation; the dipoles in the upper row are sorted into odd and even groups according to odd and even numbers, that is, the dipoles with odd numbers are grouped into one group and the dipoles with even numbers are grouped into another group. The left radiation arms of the odd group are placed on one side of the dielectric substrate (1) and the right radiation arm is placed on the other side of the dielectric substrate (1). Both are connected to the copper-plated portions of the two sides by microstrip transmission lines respectively. The left radiation arms of the even group are placed on one side of the dielectric substrate (1) and the right radiation arm is placed on the other side of the dielectric substrate (1). Both are connected to the copper-plated portions of the two sides by microstrip transmission lines respectively.

2. The compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left subarray has its lower row of dipoles with the left radiating arm placed on one side of the dielectric substrate (1) and the right radiating arm placed on the other side of the dielectric substrate (1). Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the two sides by microstrip transmission lines. The right subarray has its lower row of dipoles with the left radiating arm placed on one side of the dielectric substrate (1) and the right radiating arm placed on the other side of the dielectric substrate (1). Both are connected to the copper-clad portions of the two sides by microstrip transmission lines.

3. The compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grounding coplanar waveguide has an input grounding coplanar waveguide (5) and an output grounding coplanar waveguide (6). The input grounding coplanar waveguide (5) connects the substrate integrated waveguide cavity to the feed line of the one-to-two power-dividing feed structure (9). The output grounding coplanar waveguide (6) connects the substrate integrated waveguide cavity to each dipole.

4. The compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input ground coplanar waveguide (5) and the output ground coplanar waveguide (6) are Γ-shaped structures.

5. The compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dipole is a half-wavelength dipole.

6. The compact wideband beam dipole antenna array based on higher-order modes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (1) is a Rogers 4003 dielectric substrate.

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