Preparation method of potential food resource feed for forest musk deer

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer, and belongs to the technical field of potential food selection. The preparation method of the potential food resource feed for the forest musk deer comprises the following steps: collecting faeces of wild animals belonging to the same genus as the forest musk deer in a research area; dNA of food residues in the excrement is extracted, and the total phytoaceae contained in the excrement is determined; the family with the relative abundance larger than 1% in the total plant family is selected, and the main feeding family of the wild animals is obtained; collecting a plurality of plant samples according to the main feeding family of the wild animals; carrying out buffet test on edible parts of the collected plant samples; calculating the food selection coefficient of the forest musk deer on the collected plant sample; and preparing the forest musk deer feed according to the food selection coefficient. By adopting the preparation method of the potential food resource feed for the forest musk deer, the problems of insufficient feed for feeding the forest musk deer and inaccurate judgment of potential food resources can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potential food selection, in particular to a method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer. Background Art

[0002] Artificial breeding of forest musk deer in my country began in the late 1950s. After more than sixty years of continuous exploration, a preliminary technical system has been established for the enclosure model of forest musk deer, the survival rate of seed breeding, basic disease prevention and control, and artificial live scent extraction. The forest musk deer is a small ruminant and a intensive feeder in nutritional ecology, that is, it avoids eating high-fiber food types. Excessive fiber intake causes plant cellulose to entangle and form hair balls and block the abomasum, which is called hair ball disease. In severe cases, it can lead to death. At the same time, the forest musk deer is very selective in food types, but the food selection mechanism of the forest musk deer is still unclear. Therefore, the feed source and nutritional supply of forest musk deer have always been a weak link. So far, the buffet method has been used to determine the selection and proportion of food types for forest musk deer raised in the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi and the Yanshan Mountains in Hebei.

[0003] The current problem is that the selection of local leaf species and the implementation of the buffet method are still blind, which affects the determination and application of the leaves that forest musk deer like to eat. In addition, the food species identified and collected by the researchers are all forest plants near the breeding base. The scope of collecting potential food species is determined based on the limited number and distribution, which may miss potential food sources in other nearby areas. The personal experience and background of the researchers may affect the selection of food species, resulting in some important plants being ignored or misassessed. Failure to use scientific screening criteria to objectively evaluate which plant species are potential foods for forest musk deer may lead to an incomplete understanding of their food preferences. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for configuring potential food resource feed for forest musk deer, so as to solve the problems of insufficient feed for raising forest musk deer and inaccurate judgment of potential food resources.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Collect feces of wild animals of the same genus as musk deer in the study area;

[0007] S2, extract DNA from food residues in feces to determine the total plant families and genera contained in the feces;

[0008] S3. Select the families and genera with a relative abundance greater than 1% among all plant families and genera to obtain the main feeding families and genera of wild animals;

[0009] S4. Collect a number of plant samples based on the main feeding families of wild animals;

[0010] S5. Conduct a buffet test on the edible parts of the collected plant samples;

[0011] S6. calculating the food selection coefficient of forest musk deer for the collected plant samples;

[0012] S7. Prepare musk deer feed according to the food selection coefficient.

[0013] Preferably, in S1, the wild animal is a wild musk deer.

[0014] Preferably, in S2, primer rbcl2 F and primer rbcl2 R are used to amplify the chloroplast rbcl2 region and sequence it, and the sequencing results are compared with the public database using DNA barcode technology to determine the plant family.

[0015] Preferably, in S4, the plant sample collection standard is that the distribution amount in the forest area around the musk deer is greater than a set value; the plant is thornless and easy to pick; and the musk deer are edible.

[0016] Preferably, in S5, the buffet test is specifically:

[0017] S51. Select musk deer test samples, and the musk deer test sample individuals eat in independent activity areas;

[0018] S52. Conduct a pre-test on the sample before the test begins;

[0019] S53, putting equal amounts of collected plant samples into independent food frames, numbering each plant sample, and arranging the food frames in a circular shape in the activity area of ​​the test musk deer individuals;

[0020] S54. After the test, weigh the remaining plant samples and calculate the average food intake of the musk deer test samples.

[0021] Preferably, in S51, the preliminary test is to feed the musk deer samples only with dry leaves and succulent feed outside the study area 3 days before the start of the test, and stop feeding with concentrated feed.

[0022] Preferably, S52-S54 are repeated after S54 to conduct a second round of experiments, and the average of the average food intake of the musk deer test samples in the first round of experiments and the average food intake of the musk deer test samples in the second round of experiments are calculated as the food intake test results of the musk deer test samples.

[0023] Preferably, in S5, a control group of plant samples is set up to measure the fresh weight loss of the plant samples and correct the food intake of the musk deer test samples.

[0024] Preferably, in S6, the calculation formula of the food selection coefficient is:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, ε i is the food selection coefficient of the i-th plant sample, α i is the plant selection coefficient, r i is the ratio of the weight of the i-th plant sample eaten by forest musk deer to the total weight of the i-th plant sample, n i is the proportion of the weight of the ith plant sample to the total plant sample weight, and m is the type of plant sample.

[0027] The advantages and positive effects of the method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer described in the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention adopts DNA barcoding technology to carry out food resource spectrum analysis of wild musk deer, determine the potential food species of farmed forest musk deer, and adopt vegetation survey methods, the distribution and biomass of food plants, the morphological characteristics such as the thorns of food plants, the convenience and cost of collecting food plants to comprehensively determine the types of vegetation types near the forest musk deer breeding base that can be used for collection of food plants, thereby avoiding the blindness of collecting food plants for farmed forest musk deer.

[0029] 2. Collect plant resources that are abundant and easy to collect in the forest area near the musk deer farm. The results of the buffet experiment show that this method can greatly improve the judgment rate of the food choice preference of musk deer, which is conducive to the collection of plants actively selected by musk deer in the buffet experiment.

[0030] 3. The present invention determines the key factors that determine feeding, such as the nutritional needs and palatability of musk deer, and adopts the buffet method to determine the food preferences of raised musk deer, determines the types of food source plants for raised musk deer, and establishes a roughage (fresh leaves) formula based on the food preferences of musk deer and their feeding ratios, thereby greatly reducing the cost and time of transporting forage from other provinces and regions.

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 The plant genus of which the relative abundance of the wild musk deer in the embodiment of the present invention is ≥1%;

[0034] Figure 3 The actual food intake result of the musk deer sample on the plant sample according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is the selection coefficient of the musk deer sample for the plant sample according to the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Example

[0038] A method for configuring potential food resource feed for forest musk deer comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1. Collect feces of wild animals of the same genus as the forest musk deer in the study area.

[0040] The wild animals are wild musk deer. The musk deer farm is located in Nyingchi Township, Bianba County, Qamdo City, eastern Tibet Autonomous Region, on the southern foot of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains, with rolling mountains and lush forest vegetation. Wild musk deer often appear in the forest area near the musk deer farm. The musk deer and the forest musk deer belong to the same species of the genus Musk in the family Muskidae. The body shape, ecological niche and feeding strategy of the two are very similar. Therefore, the feeding habits of the musk deer can be used as a scientific basis for finding potential food species for raising forest musk deer.

[0041] S2. Extract DNA from food residues in feces and determine the total plant families and genera contained in the feces.

[0042] Thirty-five fresh musk deer feces were collected in the study area, and DNA of food residues in the feces was extracted. The chloroplast rbcl2 region was amplified using universal primers rbcl2 F (5'-CTTACCAGYCTTGATCGTTACAAAGG-3') and rbcl2R (5'-GTAAAATCAAGTCCACCRCG-3'). The DNA was sequenced on the Illumina Miseq / Novaseq 6000 (Illumina, Inc., USA) platform with a sequencing strategy of PE250 / PE300. The sequencing results were compared with the public database NCBI using DNA barcoding technology to determine the plant families and genera used by wild musk deer.

[0043] Test results show that the diet of wild musk deer includes plants from 74 families and 144 genera.

[0044] S3. Select the families and genera with relative abundance greater than 1% among the total plant families and genera to obtain the main feeding families and genera of wild animals.

[0045] In the diet of wild musk deer, only 12 genera of plants have a relative abundance of ≥1% in the diet of musk deer, and the total of plants with a relative abundance of ≥1% accounts for 92% of the total diet of musk deer. Therefore, these 12 genera of plants are listed as the main plant genera for wild musk deer. Figure 2The 12 genera are Rosa (27.3%), Epilobium (15.6%), Bistorta (12.4%), Fragaria (9.8%), Cotoneaster (8.5%), Ribes (7.5%), Rhodiola (3.3%), Artemisia (2.3%), Anemone (1.6%), Honeysuckle (1.3%), Rhododendron (1.3%), and Betula (1.3%).

[0046] S4. Collect several plant samples based on the main feeding families of wild animals.

[0047] The selection of plant samples must follow the following standards: ① They are distributed in the forest area around the musk deer farm and have a large biomass; ② The plants are distributed in clusters; ③ The plant branches are thornless and easy to pick; ④ They are common plant species near the musk deer farm and have been tested in pre-feeding tests and can be eaten by musk deer.

[0048] Following the above-mentioned collection standards for potential food plant samples, seven common and easy-to-collect potential food species were selected, namely, azalea, honeysuckle, willow, Tibetan aster, costusroot, cherry and white birch. The edible parts of these potential food plant samples were collected for a buffet test, leaves were collected from trees and shrubs, and stems and leaves were collected from herbs.

[0049] S5. Conduct a buffet test on the edible parts of the collected plant samples.

[0050] The buffet test is as follows:

[0051] S51. Select 10 adult male musk deer as test samples. The musk deer test sample individuals eat in independent activity areas and do not affect each other.

[0052] S52. Conduct a preliminary test on the sample before the test begins.

[0053] In the pre-experiment, the musk deer samples were fed only dry leaves and succulent feed outside the study area 3 days before the start of the experiment, and concentrated feed was stopped.

[0054] S53, the plant samples collected the day before are placed in separate food boxes, each plant sample is placed in a food box, and each plant sample is numbered. The food boxes are arranged in a circular shape in the activity area of ​​the test musk deer individuals.

[0055] The amount of each plant sample placed was the same, 250 g.

[0056] S54. Plant samples were fed in the morning of the first day and collected and weighed at the same time on the second day. After the experiment, the remaining plant samples were weighed and the food intake of the 10 musk deer test samples was calculated.

[0057] During the experiment, a control group of plant samples should be set up to measure the fresh weight loss of plant samples and correct the food intake of the musk deer test samples. The actual food intake of the corrected musk deer test samples is the food intake minus the fresh weight loss of the remaining plant samples. The average actual food intake of the 10 musk deer test samples was calculated to obtain the actual food intake results of the first round.

[0058] Repeat S52-S54 to conduct a second round of test. Take the average of the actual feed intake result of the first round and the actual feed intake result of the second round as the test result of the actual feed intake.

[0059] The actual feeding amount of the musk deer samples on the selected plant samples among the 7 Figure 3 As shown, it can be seen that the actual food intake of musk deer on Prunus scutellaria was the largest, and the actual food intake of Elsholtzia ciliata was the smallest.

[0060] S6. Calculate the food selection coefficient of forest musk deer for the collected plant samples.

[0061] The calculation formula of food selection coefficient is:

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Among them, ε i is the food selection coefficient of the i-th plant sample, α i is the plant selection coefficient, r i is the ratio of the weight of the i-th plant sample eaten by forest musk deer to the total weight of the i-th plant sample, n i is the proportion of the weight of the ith plant sample to the total plant sample weight, and m is the type of plant sample.

[0065] The value range of the selection coefficient is (-1, 1), ε = 0, indicating no preference, the forest musk deer selects all plant samples randomly, and the forest musk deer consumes all plant samples in the same proportion. 0 < ε < 1, indicating that the forest musk deer has a preference for a specific plant sample. The closer the value is to 1, the stronger the selectivity of the forest musk deer for the plant sample. -1 < ε < 0, indicating that the forest musk deer avoids consuming a specific plant sample. The closer the value is to -1, the lower the selectivity of the forest musk deer for this plant sample. The actual consumption and selection coefficient of the forest musk deer for plant samples are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1. The selection coefficients of forest musk deer for the test plant samples

[0067] Test plant samples Actual feed intake (g) Selection coefficient Azalea Tree 2.243801659 -0.911077308 Salix matsudana 21.48265965 -0.353892606 Honeysuckle 53.95983504 0.15344339 Tibetan Aster 13.0884511 -0.560078336 Elsholtzia 1.568038508 -0.937156807 Fine-toothed cherry 171.4750248 0.790933283 White Birch 27.76125413 -0.225960966

[0068] S7. Prepare musk deer feed according to the food selection coefficient.

[0069] The actual food intake and selection coefficient of forest musk deer reflect their palatability and nutritional requirements for various plant samples, and are the expression of their food preferences. Taking into account the actual food intake of forest musk deer and the difficulty of collection, this experiment selected fine-toothed cherry: hairy honeysuckle: white birch: matsudana: Tibetan aster: azalea tree with a weight ratio of 60%:19%:9%:7%:4%:1% as the roughage for forest musk deer.

[0070] The farmed forest musk deer in plateau areas like to eat the roughage formula produced by the present invention, chew the cud, have shiny hair, moist and black nose, are energetic, have quick reactions, and have full and smooth feces particles, which are suitable for long-term consumption.

[0071] Therefore, the method for configuring the potential food resource feed of forest musk deer described in the present invention can solve the problem of insufficient feed for raising forest musk deer and inaccurate judgment of potential food resources.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect feces of wild animals of the same genus as musk deer in the study area; S2, extract DNA from food residues in feces to determine the total plant families contained in the feces; S3. Select the families and genera with a relative abundance greater than 1% among all plant families and genera to obtain the main feeding families and genera of wild animals; S4. Collect a number of plant samples based on the main feeding families of wild animals; S5. Conduct a buffet test on the edible parts of the collected plant samples; S6. calculating the food selection coefficient of forest musk deer for the collected plant samples; S7. Prepare musk deer feed according to the food selection coefficient.

2. The method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the wild animal is wild musk deer.

3. The method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, primer rbcl2 F and primer rbcl2 R are used to amplify the chloroplast rbcl2 region and sequence it, and the sequencing results are compared with the public database using DNA barcode technology to determine the plant family.

4. The method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the plant sample collection standard is that the distribution amount in the forest area around the musk deer is greater than the set value; the plant is thornless and easy to pick; and the musk deer are edible.

5. The method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the buffet test is specifically as follows: S51. Select musk deer test samples, and the musk deer test sample individuals eat in independent activity areas; S52. Conduct a pre-test on the sample before the test begins; S53, putting equal amounts of collected plant samples into independent food frames, numbering each plant sample, and arranging the food frames in a circular shape in the activity area of ​​the test musk deer individuals; S54. After the test, weigh the remaining plant samples and calculate the average food intake of the musk deer test samples.

6. The method for configuring a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S51, the preliminary test is to feed the musk deer samples only with dry leaves and succulent feed outside the research area 3 days before the start of the test, and stop feeding with concentrated feed.

7. The method for preparing a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 5, characterized in that: After S54, S52-S54 are repeated to carry out a second round of test, and the average of the average food intake of the musk deer test samples in the first round of test and the average food intake of the musk deer test samples in the second round of test is calculated as the food intake test result of the musk deer test samples.

8. The method for preparing a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S5, a control group of plant samples is set up to measure the fresh weight loss of the plant samples and correct the food intake of the test samples of forest musk deer.

9. The method for preparing a potential food resource feed for forest musk deer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the calculation formula of the food selection coefficient is: Among them, ε i is the food selection coefficient of the i-th plant sample, α i is the plant selection coefficient, r i is the ratio of the weight of the i-th plant sample eaten by forest musk deer to the total weight of the i-th plant sample, n i is the proportion of the weight of the ith plant sample to the total plant sample weight, and m is the type of plant sample.

Images