Porosity uniformity rating method and rating system

Abstract

The invention discloses a porosity uniformity rating method and rating system, and belongs to the technical field of material detection.The method comprises the steps that detection data of a sample is collected; calculating evaluation indexes through the detection data: calculating an average value of the evaluation indexes to obtain a uniformity factor; and obtaining the uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and the threshold interval. A plurality of evaluation indexes are calculated from ultrasonic detection data and optical microscopic detection data and are fused into uniformity factors, and samples are graded through the uniformity factors, so that the quality evaluation of the samples is more scientific, reasonable and used, the grading result is more representative, accurate and practical, the uniformity of the reference block can be improved, and the quality of the reference block is improved. The correctness and the accuracy of the ultrasonic detection result of the porosity of the composite material workpiece are improved, missing detection and misjudgment are avoided, and the quality of the workpiece is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of material detection, and in particular to a porosity uniformity rating method and a rating system. Background Art

[0002] Composite materials have been installed and applied in large quantities in the fields of aerospace, transportation, energy, construction, etc. In order to ensure the quality of composite materials and safe use, non-destructive testing of composite materials is required during the manufacturing process of composite materials. Among them, quantitative detection and evaluation of porosity is an important subject of non-destructive testing of composite materials. The following two methods are mainly used: one method is to take samples from the edge margin of composite materials, and then prepare and observe the samples using optical microscopy. By observing the pore distribution of a certain section of the sample, the porosity content of the composite materials is indirectly evaluated; the other method is based on the ultrasonic principle, using the mathematical relationship between the change of ultrasonic signals and the pores to perform non-destructive testing on the porosity of composite materials. This method usually requires the setting of a comparison test block first, and then the porosity is evaluated through the comparison test block. The comparison block is a standard transfer material for porosity detection of composite parts based on the ultrasonic principle. The quality, porosity distribution uniformity and accuracy of the comparison block directly affect the accuracy of the ultrasonic porosity detection results of the parts, especially the porosity uniformity directly affects the correctness of the ultrasonic porosity detection results of the parts. The ultrasonic method obtains the porosity detection results in composite parts.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of ultrasonic porosity testing of composite parts with different testing scenarios and characteristics, and to improve the reliability of testing and the accuracy of test results, it is required to firstly adopt the applicable process simulation technology to prepare porosity comparison test blocks with different grade differences; then, the uniformity of pore distribution in the prepared porosity comparison test blocks is effectively evaluated. At present, there is still a lack of effective methods for porosity uniformity rating. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a porosity uniformity rating method and rating system, which rates the uniformity of samples based on ultrasonic detection data and microscopic detection data.

[0005] The present invention discloses a porosity uniformity rating method, comprising the following steps: collecting any of the following detection data of a sample: a first scan based on an ultrasonic reflection contact method, a third scan based on an ultrasonic penetration method, a first porosity based on ultrasonic detection, and a second porosity based on optical microscopy detection; calculating any of the following evaluation indicators or a combination thereof through the detection data: a uniformity coefficient of the first scan, a third scan, a first porosity, and a second porosity; calculating an average value of the evaluation indicators to obtain a uniformity factor; and obtaining a uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and a threshold range.

[0006] Preferably, the threshold interval includes any one of the following intervals or a combination thereof:

[0007] 0.8≤γ is rated as Class I; 0.6≤γ<0.8 is rated as Class II; 0.5≤γ<0.6 is rated as Class III; 0.4≤γ<0.5 is rated as Class IV; 0.2≤γ<0.4 is rated as Class V; γ<0.2 is rated as Class VI;

[0008] Here, γ represents the uniformity factor.

[0009] Preferably, the evaluation index includes a uniformity coefficient, and a method for calculating the uniformity coefficient includes:

[0010] Calculate an average value based on the detection data;

[0011] Calculate the screening conditions according to the average value and the difference;

[0012] Calculating the number of detection points that meet the screening conditions;

[0013] The uniformity coefficient is calculated according to the proportion of the detection points.

[0014] Preferably, the calculation formula of the uniformity factor is expressed as:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, γ represents the uniformity factor, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the third scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity, Second porosity uniformity coefficient.

[0017] Preferably, the method for calculating the uniformity coefficient of the first scan includes:

[0018] Get the data of the first scan, the matrix of the first scan is expressed as:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, U represents the matrix of the first scan, Represented as the i-th u Column, No. j u The amplitude of the detection position point of the line, m u Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the first scan, n u Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the first scan;

[0021] Calculate the average value of the first scan,

[0022]

[0023] in, Expressed as the average of the first scan;

[0024] The position points satisfying the first screening condition are counted to obtain a first number of detection points, wherein the first screening condition is expressed as: ΔU is the level difference of the first scanning amplitude;

[0025] According to the first detection point number, calculate the uniformity coefficient of the first scan:

[0026]

[0027] in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first scan.

[0028] Preferably, the method for calculating the uniformity coefficient of the third scan C includes:

[0029] Get the data for the third scan:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, G represents the matrix of the third scan, Represented as the i-th c Column, No. j c The amplitude of the line detection position point, m C Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the third scan, n c Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the third scan;

[0032] Compute the average of the third scan:

[0033]

[0034] in, Expressed as the average of the third scan;

[0035] The position points satisfying the third screening condition are counted to obtain a third number of detection points, wherein the third screening condition is expressed as: ΔG is the level difference of the third scanning amplitude;

[0036] According to the third detection point number, calculate the uniformity coefficient of the third scan:

[0037]

[0038] in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the third scan.

[0039] Preferably, the method for calculating the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity includes:

[0040] Get the matrix of the first porosity of the sample:

[0041]

[0042] Where D represents the matrix of the first porosity, Represented as the i-th d Column, No. j d First porosity value of the row, m d Indicates the total number of columns, n d is the total number of rows;

[0043] Calculate the average value of the first porosity:

[0044]

[0045] in, Expressed as the average value of the first porosity;

[0046] The position points satisfying the fourth screening condition are counted to obtain a fourth number of detection points, wherein the fourth screening condition is expressed as: ΔD is the difference in the first porosity value;

[0047] According to the fourth detection point number, the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity is calculated:

[0048]

[0049] in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity.

[0050] Preferably, the method for calculating the uniformity coefficient of the second porosity includes:

[0051] Prepare small cuts of samples;

[0052] preparing an observation section of the small cut sample;

[0053] Based on optical microscopy, image recording of the observed section is performed to obtain a second porosity matrix;

[0054] Calculating an average value of the second porosity according to the second porosity matrix;

[0055] constructing a fifth screening condition according to the average value and the difference of the second porosity;

[0056] Counting the position points that meet the fifth screening condition to obtain a fifth detection point number;

[0057] The uniformity coefficient of the second porosity is calculated according to the proportion of the fifth detection points.

[0058] The present invention also provides a rating system for implementing the above method, comprising a transducer, a first scanning unit, a third scanning unit, a first porosity detection unit, a second porosity detection unit and an evaluation module;

[0059] The transducer is used to perform ultrasonic testing on the sample to obtain ultrasonic data;

[0060] The first scanning unit is used to obtain a first scan based on the ultrasound data;

[0061] The third scanning unit is used to obtain a third scan according to the ultrasound data;

[0062] The first porosity detection unit is used to obtain a first porosity according to the ultrasonic data;

[0063] The second porosity detection unit is used to obtain a second porosity based on optical microscopic detection;

[0064] The evaluation module is used to calculate any one of the following evaluation indicators or their combination through the detection data: uniformity coefficients of the first scan, the third scan, the first porosity and the second porosity; calculate the average value of the evaluation indicator to obtain the uniformity factor; obtain the uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and the threshold range.

[0065] Preferably, the assessment module is also used to save data and generate a test report.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by calculating multiple evaluation indicators for ultrasonic detection data and optical microscopy detection data and integrating them into a uniformity factor, the samples are graded by the uniformity factor, the quality evaluation of the samples is more scientific, reasonable and practical, the grading results are more representative and accurate and practical, the uniformity of the comparison test blocks can be improved, and the correctness and accuracy of the ultrasonic detection results of the porosity of composite parts can be improved, so as to avoid missed detection and misjudgment and ensure the quality of the parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the porosity uniformity rating method of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2A It is a detection schematic diagram of the ultrasonic reflection contact method;

[0069] Figure 2B It is a detection schematic diagram of ultrasonic reflection non-contact method;

[0070] Figure 2C It is a schematic diagram of the detection of ultrasonic penetration method;

[0071] Figure 3 It is a logic block diagram of the rating system of the present invention.

[0072] Markings in the figure: 1 transducer, 2 first scanning unit, 3 third scanning unit, 4 first porosity detection unit, 5 evaluation module, 7 sample, 8 second porosity detection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0075] To better illustrate the present invention, as shown in FIG2 , a common ultrasonic detection method is as follows:

[0076] Ultrasonic reflection contact method, see Figure 2A , the transducer 1 is in direct contact with the sample 7.

[0077] Ultrasonic reflection non-contact method, see Figure 2B There is a gap between the transducer 1 and the sample 7, and the ultrasonic wave μ 0 Entering the upper surface of the sample, it transforms into μ i , which is converted into μ after reflection from the lower surface of the sample t , passes through the upper surface of the sample and is received by transducer 1.

[0078] Ultrasound penetration, see Figure 2C , which is composed of two ultrasonic probes. The ultrasonic probe on the upper side emits an ultrasonic wave μ 0 Enter the upper surface of the sample, denoted as μ i , after passing through the lower surface of the sample, is recorded as μ t , μ tThe ultrasonic probe on the lower side receives the signal. The minimum scanning step can reach 0.5 mm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the ultrasonic C-scanning system 3 is not greater than 10%, and a water immersion or water spray coupling scanning method is adopted.

[0079] Ultrasonic porosity testing: Suitable porosity testing instruments and equipment can be selected to directly evaluate the porosity of the sample and record the results.

[0080] The above method is used to realize the ultrasonic A scan (first scan), ultrasonic B scan (second scan), ultrasonic C scan (third scan) and porosity detection of the composite material porosity comparison test block. Among them, the transducer 1 in the ultrasonic detection can select an ultrasonic probe suitable for composite material porosity detection, with a frequency between 1MHz-10MHz.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, the porosity uniformity rating method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0082] Step 101: Collect any of the following test data of the sample: a first scan based on an ultrasonic reflection contact method, a third scan based on an ultrasonic penetration method, a first porosity based on ultrasonic detection, and a second porosity based on optical microscopy detection.

[0083] Step 102: Calculate any one of the following evaluation indicators or a combination thereof through the detection data: uniformity coefficient of the first scan, the third scan, the first porosity, and the second porosity.

[0084] Step 103: Calculate the average value of the evaluation index to obtain a uniformity factor.

[0085] Step 104: Obtain the uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and the threshold interval.

[0086] By calculating multiple evaluation indicators based on ultrasonic test data and optical microscopy test data and integrating them into a uniformity factor, samples are graded using the uniformity factor, making sample quality evaluation more scientific, reasonable and practical. The grading results are more representative, accurate and practical, which can improve the uniformity of comparison test blocks, and is beneficial to improving the correctness and accuracy of ultrasonic test results of the porosity of composite parts, avoiding missed detection and misjudgment, and ensuring the quality of parts.

[0087] The evaluation index includes a uniformity coefficient, and a method for calculating the uniformity coefficient includes:

[0088] Calculate an average value based on the detection data;

[0089] Calculate the screening conditions according to the average value and the difference;

[0090] Calculating the number of detection points that meet the screening conditions;

[0091] The uniformity coefficient is calculated according to the proportion of the detection points.

[0092] More specifically, the uniformity coefficient of the first scan A is calculated as follows:

[0093] Step 201: Obtain data of the first scan A. In the first scan A, the amplitude matrix U of each detection position point is as shown in Formula 1:

[0094]

[0095] in, Represented as the i-th u Column, No. j u The amplitude of the detection position point of the row, i u Represents the column of detected location points, j u Indicates the row of detected position points, m u Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the first scan, n u Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the first scan, m u 、n u The spacing between adjacent detection points is selected between 5 mm and 10 mm, which is determined by the size of the sample and the density of the first scanning detection points.

[0096] Step 202: Calculate the average value of the first scan The calculation method is shown in Formula 2:

[0097]

[0098] Step 203: Count the position points that meet the first screening condition to obtain the first detection point number N u .

[0099] The first filter condition is: If it satisfies N u =N u +1,N u The initial value of is 0, and ΔU is the amplitude difference of the porosity ultrasonic A-scan, which is determined by experiments according to the porosity ultrasonic A-scan assessment requirements.

[0100] Step 204: Calculate the uniformity coefficient of the first scan according to the first detection point number

[0101] The uniformity coefficient of the first scan is evaluated as follows: When the uniformity of the first scan of the sample meets the requirements, it passes the assessment. is the first uniformity threshold of the sample.

[0102] The uniformity coefficient of the third scan C is calculated as follows:

[0103] Step 301: Obtain data of the third scan C. The matrix G of the ultrasonic C scan values ​​of each detection position point is expressed as:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, i c represents the column of detection points, j c Represents the row of detection points, m C Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the third scan, n c Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the third scan, m c 、n c The spacing between adjacent detection points is selected between 0.5 and 2 mm, depending on the size of the composite material sample being evaluated and the density of the third scanning detection points.

[0106] Step 302: Calculate the average value of the third scan according to Formula 5

[0107]

[0108] Step 303: Count the position points that meet the third screening condition to obtain the third detection point number N c .

[0109] The third screening condition is: If it satisfies N c =N c +1,N c The initial value of is 0, and ΔG is the amplitude difference of the third scan C, which is determined by experiments according to the requirements of porosity ultrasonic C scan assessment.

[0110] Step 304: Calculate the uniformity coefficient of the third scan according to the third detection point number

[0111] The third scanning uniformity coefficient is evaluated as follows: When the uniformity of the third scan of the sample meets the requirements, it passes the assessment. is the third uniformity threshold of the sample.

[0112] The uniformity coefficient of the first porosity of the sample is calculated as follows:

[0113] Step 401: Obtain detection data of the first porosity of the sample.

[0114] Formula 7 shows the matrix D of the first porosity values ​​at each detection position of the sample:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, i d Represents the column of detected location points, j d Indicates the row of detected position points, m d Indicates the total number of columns, n d is the total number of rows; m d 、n d The spacing between adjacent detection points is between 2mm and 10mm, which is determined by the size of the sample and the density of the locations.

[0117] Step 402: Calculate the average value of the first porosity. The calculation method is shown in Formula 8.

[0118]

[0119] Step 403: Count the position points that meet the fourth screening condition to obtain the fourth detection point number N d .

[0120] when Then N d =N d +1,N d The initial value of is 0, and ΔD is the ultrasonic first porosity numerical evaluation value difference, which is determined by experiments according to the requirements of the first porosity ultrasonic numerical evaluation.

[0121] Step 404: Calculate the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity according to the fourth detection point number

[0122] The first porosity uniformity coefficient evaluation method is: When the first ultrasonic porosity uniformity of the sample meets the requirements, the uniformity is evaluated by numerical evaluation of ultrasonic porosity of the composite material comparison test block. The fourth uniformity threshold for numerical evaluation of ultrasonic porosity for a given composite porosity comparison test piece.

[0123] After the above evaluation, the samples are judged to meet the uniformity requirements, and the evaluation results are recorded and archived.

[0124] The method of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the second porosity includes:

[0125] Step 501: Prepare small cuts of the sample.

[0126] Step 502: preparing an observation section of the small cut sample.

[0127] Step 503: Based on optical microscopy, image the observed section to obtain a second porosity matrix Q.

[0128] Step 504: Calculate the average value of the second porosity according to the second porosity matrix Q

[0129] Step 505: Based on the average value of the second porosity And the level difference ΔQ, construct the fifth screening condition:

[0130] The second porosity of the detection position is located at scope.

[0131] Step 506: Count the position points that meet the fifth screening condition to obtain the fifth detection point number m q .

[0132] Step 507: Calculate the uniformity coefficient of the second porosity according to the proportion of the fifth detection points

[0133] Among them, m e Expressed as the total number of columns, n e Expressed as the total number of rows.

[0134] In step 103, the calculation formula of the uniformity factor is expressed as:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, γ represents the uniformity factor, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the third scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity, Second porosity uniformity coefficient.

[0137] In step 104, the specific ratings and thresholds of the samples are as follows:

[0138] 0.8≤γ: rated as Class I (excellent);

[0139] 0.6≤γ<0.8: rated as Class II (good grade);

[0140] 0.5≤γ<0.6: rated as Level III (intermediate);

[0141] 0.4≤γ<0.5: rated as IV (poor);

[0142] 0.2≤γ<0.4: Rated as Class V (limited use level);

[0143] γ<0.2: Rated as VI (unusable level). However, this is not limited to this, and the range of each domain value can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario.

[0144] Among them, the uniformity of the sample can be evaluated by one of the uniformity coefficients according to the test environment. In a specific test, each uniformity coefficient is required to be greater than or equal to the corresponding threshold. The porosity uniformity rating method of the present invention can meet the evaluation of different detection scenarios and different types of composite porosity comparison test blocks. The evaluation efficiency is higher and the cost is lower. The evaluation results are more representative and accurate. It is more conducive to establishing the rationality, correctness and accuracy of the ultrasonic porosity evaluation method for composite parts, avoiding the misjudgment and missed detection of the ultrasonic porosity detection of composite parts caused by the incorrectness and discreteness of the composite porosity comparison test blocks, and is more conducive to the precise control of the quality and process optimization of composite parts.

[0145] In a specific embodiment, a certain company's MUT-1 with ultrasonic A-scan and ultrasonic porosity numerical evaluation functions and CUS-21J ultrasonic testing system with ultrasonic C-scan function were used for testing. Composite porosity comparison test blocks with different porosity differences of different layers and thicknesses were selected to complete the uniformity evaluation of a series of composite porosity comparison test blocks.

[0146] Ultrasonic A-scan tests were performed on the porosity comparison test blocks of different composite materials, and the 200×100 test position point amplitude matrix U was recorded. The spacing between adjacent test position points was selected to be 5 mm, and the average value of U : 20dB, composite porosity comparison test block porosity ultrasonic A scan uniformity coefficient For: 90%, given When the porosity of the composite material is 80%, the ultrasonic A-scan uniformity of the comparison test block meets the requirements. Requirements, passed the uniformity assessment of the first scan.

[0147] Ultrasonic C-scan test was performed on the composite porosity comparison test block, and the matrix G of ultrasonic C-scan values ​​of 300×200 test points was recorded. The spacing between adjacent test points was selected as 1 mm, and the average value of G was The ultrasonic C-scan uniformity coefficient of the composite porosity is 31dB, and the porosity of the test block is compared. For: 89%, given When the porosity of the composite material is 85%, the ultrasonic A-scan uniformity of the comparison test block meets the requirements. Requirements, passed the uniformity assessment of the third scan.

[0148] Ultrasonic numerical evaluation was performed on the porosity comparison test blocks of different composite materials. The matrix D of the ultrasonic porosity values ​​of 100×100 detection positions was recorded. The spacing between adjacent detection positions was selected as 10 mm. The uniformity coefficient of the second porosity numerical evaluation of the composite material porosity comparison test block was calculated. is 92%, given When the porosity of the composite material is 80%, the uniformity of the ultrasonic porosity numerical evaluation of the comparison test block meets the requirements. Requirements, passed the first porosity uniformity assessment.

[0149] For the composite porosity comparison test blocks that have passed the ultrasonic evaluation, small cutting samples are taken. The number of small cutting samples is n. p There are 3 small cutting directions θ p 3, small cut observation section width S p The second porosity numerical matrix Q of the observed cross-sectional images of 30×8 small cut samples is recorded, and the average value of Q is calculated. It is 1.12%, and the uniformity coefficient of the second porosity is 93%.

[0150] The uniformity factor of each uniformity coefficient is 91%, which is rated as Class I. The results show that a good practical detection effect has been achieved, which can significantly improve the preparation efficiency of composite porosity comparison test blocks, significantly improve the quality of composite porosity comparison test blocks, and greatly improve the accuracy and correctness of ultrasonic porosity evaluation of composite parts based on composite porosity comparison test blocks.

[0151] The present invention also provides a rating system for implementing the above method, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes a transducer 1, a first scanning unit 2, a third scanning unit 3, a first porosity detection unit 4, a second porosity detection unit 8 and an evaluation module 5.

[0152] The transducer 1 is used to perform ultrasonic testing on the sample to obtain ultrasonic data;

[0153] The first scanning unit 2 is used to obtain a first scan A according to the ultrasound data;

[0154] The third scanning unit 3 is used to obtain a third scan C according to the ultrasound data;

[0155] The first porosity detection unit 4 is used to obtain a first porosity according to the ultrasonic data;

[0156] The second porosity detection unit 8 is used to obtain a second porosity based on optical microscopic detection;

[0157] The evaluation module 5 is used to calculate any one of the following evaluation indicators or their combination through the detection data: the uniformity coefficient of the first scan, the third scan, the first porosity and the second porosity; calculate the average value of the evaluation indicator to obtain the uniformity factor; obtain the uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and the threshold range.

[0158] The evaluation module 5 can also be used to save data and generate test reports.

[0159] In view of the lack of porosity uniformity characterization model and non-destructive porosity quantitative evaluation method in the prior art, the present invention designs a specific porosity uniformity characterization model and quantification method for samples based on acoustic fusion, which can quantitatively evaluate the actual distribution uniformity of pores in composite material porosity comparison test blocks, is conducive to forming effective composite material porosity comparison test blocks, avoids misjudgment and missed detection of composite material part porosity ultrasonic detection, and improves the correctness and effectiveness of composite material part porosity ultrasonic detection results; in the composite material porosity comparison test block uniformity rating method, an interconnected constraint mechanism and a characterization model and algorithm of multi-acoustic method fusion are introduced, which solves the mutual mapping and quantitative verification between different composite material porosity comparison test block rating methods, can better characterize the uniformity of composite material porosity comparison test blocks, and then be used to form effective composite material porosity comparison test blocks, which is not easy to cause misjudgment and missed detection of composite material part porosity ultrasonic detection, and significantly improves the correctness and effectiveness of the impact of composite material part porosity ultrasonic detection results.

[0160] It should be pointed out that the present invention can be used to evaluate both comparative test blocks and samples such as composite material products.

[0161] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A porosity uniformity rating method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect any of the following test data for the sample: A first scan based on an ultrasonic reflection contact method, a third scan based on an ultrasonic penetration method, a first porosity based on ultrasonic detection, and a second porosity based on optical microscopy detection; By using the detection data, calculating any one of the following evaluation indicators or a combination thereof: uniformity coefficients of the first scan, the third scan, the first porosity, and the second porosity; Calculating the average value of the evaluation index to obtain a uniformity factor; The uniformity rating of the sample is obtained through the uniformity factor and the threshold interval.

2. The rating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshold range includes any one of the following ranges or a combination of them: 0.8≤γ is rated as Class I; 0.6≤γ<0.8 is rated as Class II; 0.5≤γ<0.6 is rated as Class III; 0.4≤γ<0.5 is rated as Class IV; 0.2≤γ<0.4 is rated as Class V; γ<0.2 is rated as Class VI; Here, γ represents the uniformity factor.

3. The rating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for calculating uniformity coefficient include: Calculate an average value based on the detection data; Calculate the screening conditions according to the average value and the difference; Calculating the number of detection points that meet the screening conditions; The uniformity coefficient is calculated according to the proportion of the detection points.

4. The rating method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of uniformity factor is expressed as: Among them, γ represents the uniformity factor, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the third scan, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity, Second porosity uniformity coefficient.

5. The rating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the first scan includes: Get the data of the first scan, the matrix of the first scan is expressed as: Among them, U represents the matrix of the first scan, Represented as the i-th u Column, No. j u The amplitude of the detection position point of the line, m u Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the first scan, n u Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the first scan; Calculate the average value of the first scan, in, Expressed as the average of the first scan; The position points satisfying the first screening condition are counted to obtain a first number of detection points, wherein the first screening condition is expressed as: ΔU is the level difference of the first scanning amplitude; According to the first detection point number, calculate the uniformity coefficient of the first scan: in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first scan.

6. The rating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The uniformity coefficient calculation method of the third scan C includes: Get the data for the third scan: Among them, G represents the matrix of the third scan, Represented as the i-th c Column, No. j c The amplitude of the line detection position point, m C Indicates the total number of columns of position points in the third scan, n c Indicates the total number of rows of position points in the third scan; Compute the average of the third scan: in, Expressed as the average of the third scan; The position points satisfying the third screening condition are counted to obtain a third number of detection points, wherein the third screening condition is expressed as: ΔG is the level difference of the third scanning amplitude; According to the third detection point number, calculate the uniformity coefficient of the third scan: in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the third scan.

7. The rating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity includes: Get the matrix of the first porosity of the sample: Where D represents the matrix of the first porosity, Represented as the i-th d Column, No. j d First porosity value of the row, m d Indicates the total number of columns, n d is the total number of rows; Calculate the average value of the first porosity: in, Expressed as the average value of the first porosity; The position points satisfying the fourth screening condition are counted to obtain a fourth number of detection points, wherein the fourth screening condition is expressed as: ΔD is the difference in the first porosity value; According to the fourth detection point number, the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity is calculated: in, Expressed as the uniformity coefficient of the first porosity.

8. The rating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of calculating the uniformity coefficient of the second porosity includes: Prepare small cuts of samples; preparing an observation section of the small cut sample; Based on optical microscopy, image recording of the observed section is performed to obtain a second porosity matrix; Calculating an average value of the second porosity according to the second porosity matrix; constructing a fifth screening condition according to the average value and the difference of the second porosity; Counting the position points that meet the fifth screening condition to obtain a fifth detection point number; The uniformity coefficient of the second porosity is calculated according to the proportion of the fifth detection points.

9. A rating system, characterized in that Used to implement the rating method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the rating system comprising a transducer, a first scanning unit, a third scanning unit, a first porosity detection unit, a second porosity detection unit and an evaluation module; The transducer is used to perform ultrasonic testing on the sample to obtain ultrasonic data; The first scanning unit is used to obtain a first scan based on the ultrasound data; The third scanning unit is used to obtain a third scan according to the ultrasound data; The first porosity detection unit is used to obtain a first porosity according to the ultrasonic data; The second porosity detection unit is used to obtain a second porosity based on optical microscopic detection; The evaluation module is used to calculate any one of the following evaluation indicators or their combination through the detection data: uniformity coefficients of the first scan, the third scan, the first porosity and the second porosity; calculate the average value of the evaluation indicator to obtain the uniformity factor; obtain the uniformity rating of the sample through the uniformity factor and the threshold range.

10. The rating system according to claim 9, characterized in that The evaluation module is also used to save data and generate a test report.

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