Method for regreening gobi desert by using microalgae crust and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a method for greening gobi desert by using microalgae crust and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. The method mainly adopts a combination of microalgae spraying liquid and engineering treatment method. In the preparation of the microalgae spraying liquid, indigenous microalgae and known domesticated desert algae are mixed and cooperatively cultured to prepare a spraying agent, and then soil bacillus is added before spraying. The engineering treatment method mainly forms concave-convex structures by building soil ridge bags and excavating trenches, increases the specific surface area of the microalgae spraying liquid by using the uneven land surface, slows down the evaporation speed of the microalgae spraying liquid by using the concave land, and then promotes the growth rate and adaptability of the microalgae, and improves the crust efficiency. In addition, the repaired soil needs to be added with nutrient functional organic fertilizer and / or nano conditioner in advance. The application can improve the vegetation coverage from almost zero to about 60%, can significantly improve the ecological environment of the gobi desert, and can obviously reduce the soil salinity and increase the soil water retention capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular relates to a spray liquid for revegetating Gobi Desert using microalgal crusts, a method for revegetating Gobi Desert using microalgal crusts, and their application in Gobi Desert revegetation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, methods for revegetating the Gobi Desert mainly include vegetation restoration, ecological engineering measures, water-saving irrigation, soil improvement, and biocrust technology. Numerous studies have demonstrated that biocrust technology is an important technique for simulating natural ecological restoration and improving desertification.

[0003] Most existing bio-caking technologies utilize artificially selected desert algae for inoculation and remediation. The engineering techniques for artificial desert algae remediation mainly follow the process of desert algae collection, screening, cultivation, and then spraying. Given that locally collected soil contains a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, the screening and purification process is complex and time-consuming, and the cost of individually cultivating each algae species after purification is high. Spraying involves direct application to the surface layer of the Gobi soil. Due to the nutrient-poor soil and the hot, arid climate, the spray solution evaporates rapidly, reducing microbial activity and even causing death, significantly diminishing the crusting effect. The entire desert revegetation project takes approximately 3-5 years, with uncertain remediation results and high costs.

[0004] Naturally formed biocrusts in the Gobi Desert are composed of a mixture of various algae. In engineering applications, screening desert algae without separation and purification can significantly save time and economic costs. In nature, vegetation often grows in low-lying depressions and behind mounds in the Gobi Desert, and differences in micro-topography have a significant impact on vegetation growth and distribution. Exploring the existence of depressions or pores on the surface to increase specific surface area can effectively resist water evaporation, prolong water retention time, and promote rapid microbial reproduction. This is a key engineering technology direction for revegetating the Gobi Desert using microalgal crusts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method and application for revegetation of Gobi deserts using microalgae crust formation. This invention primarily combines microalgae spraying with engineering remediation methods. The microalgae spraying solution is prepared by first co-culturing native microalgae and known domesticated desert algae to create a spray agent, and then adding soil Bacillus before spraying. The engineering remediation method mainly involves creating uneven structures by piling up mounds and digging ditches. This uneven soil surface increases the specific surface area for microalgae spraying, and the depressions slow down the evaporation rate of the sprayed solution, thereby promoting microalgae growth rate and adaptability, and improving crust formation efficiency. Furthermore, the soil to be remediated requires the addition of nutrient-functional organic fertilizer and / or nano-conditioning agents beforehand. This invention can increase vegetation cover from almost zero to approximately 60%, significantly improve the ecological environment of the Gobi desert, significantly reduce soil salinity, and enhance soil water retention capacity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a method for revegetating Gobi deserts using microalgal crusts, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Domestication and cultivation of native microalgae and introduced algal species:

[0009] The indigenous microalgae are derived from soil samples from the target area; the introduced algal species include Microcoleus vaginatus and Scytonemajavanicum; the domestication and cultivation use a mixture of culture medium and soil juice, and the domestication and cultivation are carried out for at least 5 generations until the absorbance of the culture solution at a wavelength of 680 nm reaches between 2.5 and 3.0.

[0010] Step 2: Preparation of microalgae seeds:

[0011] This includes mixing the three types of algal solutions cultured or domesticated in step one with bare sand for cultivation;

[0012] Step 3: Site preparation and modification:

[0013] This includes site clearing, fertilization, mound construction, and ditch excavation; the number of mounds is 5-7 per acre, with a diameter of 4-6 meters and a height of 1-2 meters; the ditches are excavated between the mounds, with a depth of 18-22 cm, a width of 28-32 cm, and a total length of 58-62 meters;

[0014] Step 4: Microalgae seed spraying and crust formation:

[0015] First, the microalgae seeds are cultured until the absorbance of the algal solution at a wavelength of 680 nm reaches between 2.5 and 3.0. Then, they are mixed with soil Bacillus dry powder at a weight ratio of (4-6):1. Finally, the mixture is sprayed on the prepared site until the microalgae crust can be observed.

[0016] Step 5: Subsequent Vegetation Restoration

[0017] Next spring, repeat step four to spray the microalgae seeds again, and then plant vegetation restoration plants.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for obtaining indigenous microalgae in step one includes: taking soil samples from red willow groves or poplar forests in the Gobi Desert, removing impurities and ensuring the possibility of microbial survival, then air-drying, crushing, and sieving the soil samples, putting them into a liquid culture medium, culturing for 4-6 weeks or after a certain amount of microalgae biomass has accumulated, picking out floating microalgae, scraping out microalgae growing on the wall, filtering, centrifuging, and collecting them to obtain the indigenous microalgae.

[0019] Furthermore, the culture medium in step one is BG11 culture medium; the preparation method of the mixture includes: taking soil samples from red willow buds or poplar forests in the Gobi Desert, then mixing them with water at a weight ratio of 1:(2-4), boiling for 2-4 hours daily for 2-4 consecutive days, then sterilizing the upper liquid at 120-125℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours, and after cooling, adding soil juice to the culture medium at a ratio of 20-40 mL per 1 L of culture medium to obtain the mixture.

[0020] Furthermore, step two specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] 1) Collect bare sand and soil from the Gobi Desert, sieve and dry it for later use;

[0022] 2) Mix the three algal solutions cultured or acclimatized in step one at a volume ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), then mix them with bare sand at a weight ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), and culture them in BG11 medium for 5-7 weeks.

[0023] 3) Cultivate the microalgae-sand mixture until a dense attached structure is formed. Take it out, and after the absorbance test shows that the mixture is uniform, air dry, crush and sieve to obtain the microalgae seeds.

[0024] Furthermore, the fertilizer applied in step three is a functional organic fertilizer, which is a nano-sized granular organic fertilizer made by mixing livestock and poultry manure and PAL modified material in a weight ratio of (3.5-4.5):1, with a total application rate of 280-350 kg / mu.

[0025] Furthermore, the mound in step three has a diameter of 5 meters and a height of 1.5 meters.

[0026] Furthermore, the ditch in step three is 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide.

[0027] Furthermore, in step four, the spraying volume of the spraying liquid is controlled at 3-5L per square meter, and a total of 2-3 sprays are applied. Microalgae crusting can be observed after 4-6 weeks.

[0028] Furthermore, step five specifically includes: in the spring of the following year, when the temperature of the Gobi Desert reaches about 20°C, first spray water to wet the surface of the prepared site, then repeat the method in step four to spray microalgae seeds, then sow salt-tolerant grass seeds and cover with mulch, and after the grass grows out of the mulch, plant salt-tolerant herbaceous plants and / or salt-tolerant shrubs.

[0029] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the method in the revegetation of the Gobi Desert.

[0030] The innovative aspects of this invention lie in the preparation process of the self-made microalgae spray solution and the engineering remediation method for land restoration. These two are essential conditions for revegetation, and neither can be dispensed with. The importance of the engineering remediation method lies in its ability to utilize the uneven soil surface to increase the specific surface area for microalgae spray solution growth and to use depressions to slow down the evaporation rate of the microalgae spray solution's moisture, thereby promoting microalgae growth rate and adaptability, and improving crust formation efficiency.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. After using the method of this invention for 4-6 weeks, obvious microalgal crust formation can be observed, with a crust thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm and a crust coverage of about 80%.

[0033] 2. After the microalgae form a crust using the method of this invention, salt-tolerant grass seeds are sown using a drone. Each mound is covered with a biodegradable mulch. After 4 weeks, the germination rate of the grass seeds can reach about 80%.

[0034] 3. Using the method in this invention, the vegetation coverage rate was increased from almost zero to about 60%, which significantly improved the ecological environment of the Gobi Desert. At the same time, the soil salinity also decreased and the soil water retention capacity was greatly enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 To illustrate the engineering remediation method in Example 1, a schematic diagram of the uneven structure formed by the mounds and ditches in Example 1 is used.

[0036] Figure 2These are comparison images before and after repair using the method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where: the left image is before repair and the right image is after repair. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps, or conditions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the products and equipment used in the following embodiments are commercially available, and the methods used are consistent with conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Experimental Site: Lunnan Town, Luntai County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. This region has a warm temperate continental climate, characterized by abundant light and heat resources, a long frost-free period, scarce precipitation, high evaporation, frequent sandstorms and dust storms, distinct seasons, cold winters, hot summers, rapid but unstable warming in spring, and rapid cooling in autumn. The average annual temperature is 10.2℃-10.6℃, the average January temperature is -17℃, and the average July temperature is 34℃. The average annual frost-free period is 188 days, with a maximum of 194 days and a minimum of 179 days. The period above 0℃ lasts for 247 days, and the average annual precipitation is 52.2 mm. Annual precipitation is below 200 mm, and the soil salinity within 3.0 meters exceeds the standard for saline soil by 0.3%, classifying it as saline soil. The soil type is sulfite-medium saline soil, with sparse vegetation.

[0041] Experiment period: Starting in spring (March) and continuing until the following autumn (October).

[0042] Step 1: Domestication and cultivation of native microalgae and introduced algal species

[0043] 1. Soil sample collection and processing:

[0044] 1) Collect 2 kg of soil samples from under the red willow tree, remove weeds, stones and various impurities. After removing impurities, half of the soil sample is used for the isolation and culture of native microalgae, and the other half is used to prepare a local soil juice mixed culture medium, which is then sterilized and used for the subsequent culture of native microalgae and the adaptation and domestication of foreign algal species.

[0045] The method for isolating and culturing indigenous microalgae is as follows: half (1 kg) of soil sample used for isolating and culturing indigenous microalgae is air-dried, crushed, and sieved, and then put into BG11 liquid culture medium. After culturing for 4-6 weeks or when a certain amount of microalgae biomass has accumulated, floating microalgae are picked out, microalgae growing on the wall are scraped out, filtered, centrifuged, and indigenous microalgae are collected.

[0046] The preparation method of local soil juice mixed culture medium is as follows: mix the other half of the sand (1kg) with 3L of water, boil for 3 hours a day for 3 consecutive days, then sterilize the upper liquid (soil juice) at 121℃ for 1 hour, let it cool and set aside, and finally add 30mL of soil juice to 1LBG11 culture medium.

[0047] 2) After culturing, filtering, centrifuging and collecting the indigenous microalgae, they are expanded using the above-mentioned local soil-sap mixed culture medium (a liquid mixture of BG11 medium and soil juice at a volume ratio of 100:3). After repeated culturing for 5-6 generations, the culture solution is cultured until the absorbance at a wavelength of 680nm reaches between 2.5 and 3.0, thus obtaining a high concentration of indigenous microalgae solution.

[0048] 3) Both *Microcoleus sheathus* (FACHB-2002, Freshwater Algae Culture Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and *Pseudobranchia javanica* (FACHB-887, Freshwater Algae Culture Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences) were subjected to at least 5 generations of adaptive domestication using the same local soil-sap mixed culture medium (a liquid mixture of BG11 medium and soil juice at a volume ratio of 100:3). The algal solution was cultured until the absorbance at a wavelength of 680 nm reached between 2.5 and 3.0, resulting in a high concentration of domesticated algal solution.

[0049] 2. Experimental data recording:

[0050] 1) After taking soil samples, strictly follow the procedures. During the cultivation of indigenous microalgae, record the appearance changes of the liquid culture medium weekly, such as color and turbidity. At the same time, use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of the algal solution at a wavelength of 680 nm, and record the data as shown in Table 1 below.

[0051] Table 1. Details of absorbance changes during indigenous microalgae cultivation.

[0052] Day 1 0.214 Day 7 0.82 Day 14 1.302 Day 21 1.983 Day 28 2.332 Day 35 2.615

[0053] 2) Success rate of domestication of introduced algal species: This was measured by changing absorbance. The absorbance of the algal solution was measured at a specific wavelength of 680 nm. The increase in absorbance reflects the increase in algal cell concentration. After a period of cultivation, the absorbance eventually stabilized within a range similar to that of native microalgae (2.5-3.0), indicating successful domestication. The absorbance changes during the domestication process of *Microcoleus sheathus* and *Pseudocladeia javanica* are shown in Table 2.

[0054] Table 2. Details of absorbance changes during the domestication of *Microcoleus sheathedus* and *Pseudocladeia javanica*.

[0055] Day 1 <![CDATA[OD 680 =0.524]]> <![CDATA[OD 680 =0.438]]> Day 5 <![CDATA[OD 680 =1.023]]> <![CDATA[OD 680 =0.879]]> Day 10 <![CDATA[OD 680 =1.477]]> <![CDATA[OD 680 =1.135]]> Day 15 <![CDATA[OD 680 =2.128]]> <![CDATA[OD 680 =2.048]]> Day 20 <![CDATA[OD 680 =2.59]]> <![CDATA[OD 680 =2.503]]>

[0056] Step 2: Preparation of microalgae seeds

[0057] 1. Bare sand treatment and mixed culture:

[0058] 1) Collect 50 kg of bare sand from the Gobi Desert, sieve it, dry it, and set it aside for later use.

[0059] 2) Mix the three algal solutions (indigenous microalgae, sheathed microalgae, and Java pseudobranch algae) that were cultured or domesticated in the first step at a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and then mix them with the cooled bare sand at a weight ratio of 1:1. Culture them in a 5L Erlenmeyer flask using BG11 medium for 6 weeks.

[0060] 3) After cultivation, the microalgae-sand mixture that formed a dense attached structure weighed about 25 kg. The absorbance test showed that the mixture was uniform and met the requirements for subsequent use.

[0061] 2. Data Recording:

[0062] 1) The formation process of the microalgae-sand mixture is shown in Table 3. The results show that the formation time of the microalgae-sand mixture is 5 weeks.

[0063] Table 3. Specific formation process of microalgae-sand mixture

[0064] Week 1 Microalgae begin to attach, forming a loose bond. Week 2 The integration gradually became closer Week 3 Formation of a preliminary dense structure Week 4 More stable structure Week 5 Achieved a state of dense adhesion

[0065] 2) The density of algal cells in the final product (observed under a microscope using the hemocytometer method): approximately 10^8 cells / mL.

[0066] Step 3: Site Preparation and Renovation

[0067] 1. Site preparation and fertilization:

[0068] 1) Use a soil stone remover to remove surface gravel, covering an area of ​​approximately 1 acre.

[0069] 2) Till the soil and apply functional organic fertilizer, which is a nano-sized granular organic fertilizer made by mixing livestock and poultry manure and PAL modified material in a 4:1 ratio (Su Nong Fei (2017) Approval No. 0226, Anhui Lenong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.), with a total application of 300 kg. Approximately 6 mounds are formed, each mound with a diameter of 5 meters and a height of 1.5 meters.

[0070] 2. Ditch excavation: Excavate a ditch 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide, with a total length of approximately 60 meters.

[0071] Step 4: Spraying microalgae seeds and forming a crust

[0072] 1. Microalgae seed propagation:

[0073] 1) The microalgae seeds were propagated using a racetrack-style propagation system until the absorbance of the algal solution at a wavelength of 680 nm reached between 2.5 and 3.0, and the microalgae were observed to be densely attached to the sand under a microscope. This process took approximately 5-6 weeks. Approximately 3 tons of microalgal solution were ultimately obtained.

[0074] 2) Mix the microalgae liquid with soil Bacillus dry powder (Shandong Runwo Biotechnology, 2023926) at a weight ratio of 5:1 and load it into the sprinkler truck.

[0075] 2. Spraying and crust formation observation:

[0076] 1) Spray the microalgae mixture at a rate of 3-5L per square meter, and spray three times in total.

[0077] 2) After 6 weeks, obvious microalgal crust formation was observed, with a crust thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm and a crust coverage of about 80%.

[0078] Step 5: Subsequent Vegetation Restoration

[0079] 1. Spring water replenishment and re-spraying: In the following spring, when the temperature reaches 20℃, first spray water to wet the surface layer by 1cm-2cm, and then spray the microalgae solution once using the above method to increase the thickness and stability of the crust.

[0080] 2. Drone seeding and mulching: Salt-tolerant grass seeds were seeded using drones, and each mound was covered with biodegradable mulch. After 4 weeks, the seed germination rate was approximately 80%.

[0081] 3. Final Result Evaluation:

[0082] Vegetation coverage increased from almost zero to approximately 60%, significantly improving the ecological environment of the Gobi Desert. Soil salinity decreased, and soil water retention capacity improved.

[0083] Using the engineering remediation method in this embodiment, the schematic diagram of the uneven structure formed by the mounds and ditches in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the figure. The comparison images before and after repair using the method in this embodiment are as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The other steps are the same as in Example 1, but no remediation measures are taken at the spraying site. Only the sand and gravel are removed before direct spraying. Instead of functional organic fertilizer, ordinary organic fertilizer (Devodo compound organic fertilizer 6940296801261) is applied. Biodiversity is measured by microbial biomass carbon determination, and the water retention of the soil surface is observed by the naked eye.

[0086] The results showed that the microbial biomass carbon in Example 1 was 1.35 g / kg, while that in the comparative example was 0.87 g / kg. Visual observation revealed that the soil surface in Example 1 remained moist after one week, while the soil in this comparative example was clearly dry after one week. This indicates that the soil biodiversity and water retention capacity in this comparative example were significantly reduced compared to Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] The other steps are the same as in Example 1, but the *Microcoleis sheathensis*, *Pseudobranchia javanica*, and local algae are cultured separately to an OD680 of 2.5-3.0 and then mixed and sprayed onto the same treatment site as in Example 1, and the spraying method is also the same as in Example 1.

[0089] The results showed that the soil crusting effect in this comparative example was not as good as that in Example 1. At the same time, microscopic observation revealed that the number of clustered microalgal cells in this comparative example was also less than that in Example 1.

[0090] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for revegetating Gobi deserts using microalgal crusts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Domestication and cultivation of native microalgae and introduced algal species: The indigenous microalgae were derived from soil samples from the target area; the introduced algal species included *Micrococephala* (…). Microcoleus vaginatus ) and Java pseudobranchium ( Scytonemajavanicum The domestication and cultivation process uses a mixture of culture medium and soil juice, and involves at least 5 generations of domestication and cultivation until the absorbance of the culture solution at a wavelength of 680 nm reaches between 2.5 and 3.

0. Step 2: Preparation of microalgae seeds: This includes mixing the domesticated and cultured native microalgae, *Microcoleus sheathatus*, and *Pseudocladeus javanica* algal solutions from step one at a volume ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), then mixing them with bare sand at a weight ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), and culturing them in BG11 medium for 5-7 weeks; Step 3: Site preparation and modification: This includes site clearing, fertilization, mound construction, and ditch excavation; the number of mounds is 5-7 per acre, with a diameter of 4-6 meters and a height of 1-2 meters; the ditches are excavated between the mounds, with a depth of 18-22 cm, a width of 28-32 cm, and a total length of 58-62 meters; Step 4: Microalgae seed spraying and crust formation: First, the microalgae seeds are cultured until the absorbance of the algal solution at a wavelength of 680nm reaches 2.5-3.

0. Then, they are mixed with soil Bacillus dry powder at a weight ratio of (4-6):

1. Finally, the mixture is sprayed on the prepared site at a spraying rate of 3-5L per square meter, and sprayed 2-3 times. Microalgae crusting can be observed after 4-6 weeks. Step 5: Subsequent Vegetation Restoration Next spring, repeat step four to spray the microalgae seeds again, and then plant vegetation restoration plants.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining indigenous microalgae in step one includes: taking soil samples from red willow groves or poplar forests in the Gobi Desert, removing impurities and ensuring the possibility of microbial survival, then air-drying, crushing, and sieving the soil samples, putting them into a liquid culture medium, culturing for 4-6 weeks or after a certain amount of microalgae biomass has accumulated, picking out floating microalgae, scraping out microalgae growing on the wall, filtering, centrifuging, and collecting them to obtain the indigenous microalgae.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The culture medium in step one is BG11 culture medium; the preparation method of the mixture includes: taking soil samples from red willow buds or poplar forests in the Gobi Desert, then mixing them with water at a weight ratio of 1:(2-4), boiling for 2-4 hours a day for 2-4 consecutive days, then sterilizing the upper liquid at 120-125℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours, and after cooling, adding soil juice to the culture medium at a ratio of 20-40 mL per 1 L of culture medium to obtain the mixture.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step two specifically includes the following steps: 1) Collect bare sand and soil from the Gobi Desert, sieve and dry it for later use; 2) Mix the domesticated and cultured native microalgae, *Microcoleus sheathatus*, and *Pseudobranchium javanica* solutions from step one at a volume ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), then mix them with bare sand at a weight ratio of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2), and culture them in BG11 medium for 5-7 weeks. 3) Cultivate the microalgae-sand mixture until a dense attached structure is formed. Take it out, and after the absorbance test shows that the mixture is uniform, air dry, crush and sieve to obtain the microalgae seeds.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fertilizer applied in step three is a functional organic fertilizer, which is a nano-sized granular organic fertilizer made by mixing livestock and poultry manure and PAL modified material in a weight ratio of (3.5-4.5):1, with a total application rate of 280-350 kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mound in step three has a diameter of 5 meters and a height of 1.5 meters.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ditch in step three is 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step five specifically includes: In the spring of the following year, when the temperature of the Gobi Desert reaches about 20°C, first spray water to wet the surface of the prepared site, then repeat the method in step four to spray microalgae seeds, then sow salt-tolerant grass seeds and cover with mulch, and after the grass grows out of the mulch, plant salt-tolerant herbaceous plants and / or salt-tolerant shrubs.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-8 in the revegetation of the Gobi Desert.

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