A nationwide integrated power balancing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a nationwide integrated power balance method. First, a nationwide integrated balance mathematical model is constructed. Based on this model, the integrated balance network equations characterizing network structural constraints are derived. Second, based on the network equations, a new type of key balance objective for the power system is introduced, deriving an integrated balance dynamic equation consisting of four process forms: natural mutual support for supply guarantee, mutual support for supply guarantee and start-up, natural mutual support for absorption, and mutual support for absorption and start-up. Then, engineering boundary conditions are substituted into the integrated balance dynamic equations, deriving nine integrated balance configurations for engineering practice to achieve nationwide integrated power balance. The new power system integrated balance model and mechanism proposed in this invention effectively solve the fundamental principle problem of nationwide integrated balance. By proposing a basic model for integrated balance engineering practice and eight sub-configurations, the problem of diverse engineering practice scenarios and multiple objectives is effectively addressed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power balancing method, and more particularly to a power balancing method that integrates the entire power grid, belonging to the field of power systems. Background Technology

[0002] The volatility and randomness of highly penetrating renewable energy sources have a significant impact on power balance. Ensuring power supply and absorbing renewable energy (energy transition) are both crucial objectives for power balance, posing significant challenges to the power balance of the new power system. During the construction of the new power system, it is essential to innovate the balance model based on the characteristics of renewable energy generation and the balance laws of the new power system. How to coordinate and optimize the mutual assistance of various regional and type-specific regulation resources across the entire network to promote integrated balance across the entire network has become a key issue in ensuring the balance of the new power system.

[0003] Current research suggests that promoting the high-quality development of new power systems requires actively advancing integrated grid balancing to achieve optimized resource allocation across a wider range. However, current research lacks a systematic study of the fundamental mechanisms of integrated grid balancing and has not proposed a complete set of mathematical models and methods to support it. Macro-level research has not delved into the detailed derivation of specific mathematical methods; research on specific problems has failed to focus on building a complete theoretical framework for integrated balancing; and research on systemic mechanisms is largely in its early stages, primarily based on summarizing and refining practical experience, with insufficient research on the micro-structural problems and solutions within large power grids. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, this invention provides a grid-wide integrated power balancing method to improve upon existing power system balancing methods, clarify the new grid-wide integrated balancing mechanism of the power system, derive the integrated balancing dynamic equation composed of multiple processes and forms, and obtain an integrated balancing configuration for engineering practice.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a power balancing method integrating the entire power grid, specifically including the following steps:

[0006] 1. Constructing an integrated equilibrium network equation

[0007] In the context of the new power system, in order to coordinate the resources of the entire grid and achieve optimized mutual assistance, it is necessary to carry out the integrated balancing of the entire grid on the basis of the local balancing of the regional power grid. Its operation mode is that the integrated balancing of the entire grid adjusts and determines the balancing boundary of each regional power grid according to the supply and demand situation of the entire grid, and each regional power grid formulates its local balancing strategy based on the determined balancing boundary.

[0008] The integrated power balancing of the entire grid aims to address the balance boundary issues between regional power grids. Adjustments to these balance boundaries (specifically manifested in inter-provincial electricity spot trading and inter-regional emergency power dispatch) are controllable adjustments based on specific locations and directions, making traditional power flow calculation network models unsuitable. Therefore, to conduct research on the mechanism of integrated power balancing across the entire grid, it is necessary to first construct an integrated balance mathematical model and clarify the fundamental equations of integrated balance.

[0009] 1.1 Integrated Balance Mathematical Model for the Entire Network

[0010] The integrated balance mathematical model of the entire network, such as Figure 1 As shown, the entire network consists of several balancing zones (i.e., regional power grids) and interconnection channels. The balancing zones are connected through interconnection channels. A continuous and uninterrupted complete path from any balancing zone i to another balancing zone j, consisting of several channels and several intermediate balancing zones, is called a "path" from balancing zone i to balancing zone j. Any two balancing zones can have several paths, and the paths are the basis for adjusting the boundaries of each balancing zone and power allocation. Figure 1 The text provides examples illustrating three paths between equilibrium region i and equilibrium region j:

[0011] (1) Path Balance zone i → Channel b k →Equilibrium region j;

[0012] (2) Path Balance zone i → Channel b1 → Balance zone 1 → Channel b k →Equilibrium region j;

[0013] (3) Path Balance zone i → Channel b k →Equilibrium Zone A→Channel b B →Equilibrium zone j.

[0014] The network is configured with A balanced zones and B channels; any path between balanced zone i and balanced zone j is... The corresponding mutual assistance power on the path is Its power flow is directed from i to j; there are IJ non-repeating paths between equilibrium region i and equilibrium region j, represented by set D. ij This indicates that the corresponding path mutual aid power set is Δs. ij The total set of all paths between any two equilibrium intervals in the entire network is D, and the total set of mutual power of the corresponding paths is Δs; b k For any channel, the path structure in D contains channel b. k The path subset is D k .

[0015] 1.2 Algebraic Network Equations

[0016] 1.2.1 Equilibrium Zone Equations

[0017] (1) Before the integration balance

[0018] For any equilibrium region, without conducting integrated equilibration across equilibrium regions, its equilibrium equation is:

[0019]

[0020] In equation (1), δ and σ are the upper and lower reserve margins, respectively, referred to as the upper and lower balance margins; R is the maximum generating capacity of conventional power sources, which is mainly determined by the operating capacity, referred to as the operating capacity; α is the peak-shaving coefficient of conventional power sources, reflecting the regulation capacity of conventional power sources; T is the planned power of tie lines, which is generally formed by market-based means such as medium- and long-term transactions, spot trading, and ancillary services; n and l are the predicted output of new energy sources and the predicted load size, respectively; ρ is the reserve rate reserved according to the power system safety and stability guidelines; x is the load-side management measure quantity (electricity); and y is the amount of abandoned new energy sources (electricity).

[0021] In the process of power balance, δ and σ are the two most critical balance indicators, representing the safety and stability constraints in the low-frequency and high-frequency dimensions of power balance, respectively. δ represents the system's supply capacity; when δ < 0, supply is less than demand, resulting in a balance gap and the risk of low-frequency instability. σ represents the system's absorption capacity; when σ < 0, supply exceeds demand, resulting in excess power and the risk of high-frequency instability. Therefore, the main task of power balance is to ensure that these key indicators are greater than zero at any balance point and at any given time.

[0022]

[0023] As shown in equation (1), δ includes load-side management measures x, which means that δ is closely related to power supply; σ includes renewable energy abandonment y, which means that σ is closely related to renewable energy consumption.

[0024] (2) After integration and balancing

[0025] After the introduction of cross-regional integrated balancing, the balancing zones are no longer independent of each other. Each balancing zone adjusts its power through the interconnection paths between balancing zones, thereby achieving mutual adjustment and support of the upper and lower balancing margins of different balancing zones. For any balancing zone A i Its equilibrium equation is extended from equation (1) to equation (3).

[0026]

[0027] In equation (3), i and j represent any different equilibrium regions, and r represents any path; Δs iThe mutual power (increased transmission or increased reception) superimposed on any balance zone i for integrated balancing; A represents all balance zones, and IJ and JI represent all paths from balance zone i to j and j to i, respectively. This represents the power injected into equilibrium region i from any equilibrium region j via path r. This represents the power injected into equilibrium region j from any equilibrium region i via path r;

[0028] Where, Δs i The total mutual support power is defined with respect to equilibrium region i, and it refers to the equilibrium region. It is the mutual power on any path between equilibrium region i and equilibrium region j, and it refers to the path.

[0029] Equations (3) 1 and 2 introduce the influence of integrated balance mutual assistance power into the upper and lower balance margin equations of the balance zone, respectively. It can be seen that the mutual assistance power has an equal and opposite influence on the upper and lower balance margins. Equation (3) 3 characterizes the composition of the mutual assistance power, where the first term is the injection power of all non-i balance zones to balance zone i through all paths, and the second term is the outflow power of balance zone i to all non-i balance zones through all paths. The physical meaning of equation (3) is: the influence of integrated balance on any balance zone is equal to the vector superposition of the mutual assistance power on all paths starting from that balance zone.

[0030] 1.2.2 Connection Channel Equations

[0031] After integrated balancing, the total adjustment power on any communication channel is:

[0032]

[0033] In equation (4), b k Indicates any channel; These represent the initial power of the channel before mutual assistance and the power of the channel after mutual assistance, respectively. D k For any path in D, k The path structure includes channel b k The path set Represents any path The corresponding mutual assistance power; Representing a path Positive direction and channel b k Comparison in the positive direction, when the directions are the same When the directions are opposite

[0034] In equation (4), the first term is the initial power of the channel; the second term is the effect of the integrated balance on the channel power. Its physical meaning is: the effect of the integrated balance on the power of any channel is equal to the vector superposition of the mutual power of the paths containing that channel in all paths.

[0035] To ensure safety, channel power must be controlled within limits, namely:

[0036]

[0037] In equation (5), Channel b k The upper and lower limits. Equation (5) is the channel constraint for integrated balance.

[0038] 1.2.3 Allocation Rule Equation

[0039] From equations (3) and (4), it can be seen that the integrated power balance is achieved through the mutual assistance power on the path. By adjusting the balance state and channel power in the balance zone, equation (3) establishes the mathematical relationship between the path mutual aid power and the balance equation of the balance zone, and equation (4) establishes the mathematical relationship between the path mutual aid power and the channel power. Therefore, the key to carrying out integrated balancing is to determine the mutual aid power of each path. In practice, it is determined The process is not arbitrary and disorderly; it generally needs to follow certain specific rules, such as the nearest allocation rule, the average allocation rule, the allocation rule based on the distance of the path, and the allocation rule based on the high and low prices of the spot market. Because the rules are complex and diverse, they are difficult to express through fixed mathematical equations, and are represented by equation (6).

[0040]

[0041] In equation (6), F represents the set of rules for allocating path mutual aid power, and the physical meaning of equation (6) is the mutual aid power of each path. The generation process must follow the constraints of rule set F.

[0042] 1.3 Vector Network Equations

[0043] Equations (1-6) constitute the integrated algebraic network equations for specific balance zones and channels, but their mathematical expression is complex and not conducive to intuitively representing the integrated balance operation mechanism of the entire network. Therefore, the balance equations for a single balance zone or channel are extended to represent all balance zones and channels in the entire network, and represented in vector form. Then, the third equation and equation (4) in equation (3) can be converted to:

[0044]

[0045] In equation (7), each variable is a vector covering each equilibrium zone and each channel, where Δs AP is the collection of mutual power in each equilibrium region; B0 P B Δs represents the set of power before and after mutual assistance for each channel; Δs represents the set of mutual assistance power for all paths in the entire network; M represents the mapping transformation matrix from the path mutual assistance power set to the balance zone mutual assistance power set; and N represents the mapping transformation matrix from the path mutual assistance power set to the channel mutual assistance power set.

[0046] Based on equation (7), equation (1-6) can be extended to all balance zones and channels of the entire network as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In Equation (8), δ, σ, R, T, l, n, ρ, α, x, and y represent the upper balance margin set, lower balance margin set, conventional power generation capacity set, tie line planned power set, predicted load set, predicted new energy output set, reserve rate set, conventional power generation peak regulation rate set, load-side management measures set, and new energy curtailment set for each balance zone of the entire network, respectively. This sets the upper and lower limits for each channel.

[0049] The system of equations shown in Equation (8) constitutes the network constraint relationship for integrated balancing. The first three equations are equality constraints, the fourth term is a rule set constraint, and the last three terms are inequality constraints. Equation (8) is a mathematical constraint that must be followed in the integrated balancing process, similar to the power flow constraints of the unit combination in a conventional AC power grid. However, Equation (8) is statically divergent, and the integrated balancing result cannot be obtained solely from Equation (8). That is, Equation (8) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the integrated balancing of the entire network.

[0050] To achieve integrated power balance across the entire network and realize unified optimization and mutual assistance of power resources, it is necessary to refine the calculation of power mutual assistance schemes based on equation (8) and in conjunction with power balance practice, according to initial conditions and balance objectives (input / output). In view of this, equation (8) is called the integrated power balance network equation, which reflects the structural constraints of integrated balance and is a "static" equation.

[0051] 2. Integrated Equilibrium Dynamic Equation

[0052] Once the network equations are determined, achieving integrated equilibrium requires introducing "motivation" into the equilibrium process, namely, defining the equilibrium objective, initial conditions, and equilibrium strategy. The equilibrium objective is the "direction of motivation" for integrated equilibrium; the initial conditions provide the adjustment space for integrated equilibrium and are the "source of motivation"; the equilibrium strategy is a general method for achieving a specific equilibrium objective under specific constraints and initial conditions, and is the "engine" of integrated equilibrium. In engineering practice, optimization methods are generally used.

[0053] Based on this, the complete optimization process carried out under the constraints of the integrated equilibrium network equation for a specific equilibrium objective and initial conditions is called the "integrated equilibrium process" (or simply "equilibrium process"), and its corresponding mathematical expression is called the "integrated equilibrium dynamic equation" (or simply "dynamic equation").

[0054] Based on different balancing objectives, the balancing process can be divided into two types: supply-guaranteeing balancing process (H process) and clean energy consumption-promoting process (K process). Based on different adjustment ranges, the balancing process can be divided into natural mutual assistance process (no additional adjustment to start-up, only adjustment of path power, called S process) and start-up mutual assistance process (adjustment of both start-up and path power, called R process). Therefore, the balancing process can be divided into supply-guaranteeing natural mutual assistance (H process) and clean energy consumption-promoting process (K process). S ), Supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance (H) SR ), and natural mutual assistance in the absorption of resources (K) S ), and mutual assistance in power generation and depletion (K) SR Four basic forms.

[0055] 2.1 Supply and demand balancing process (H process)

[0056] After independent equilibration, each equilibrium region may have a positive (δ) upper equilibrium margin (δ). + ) has negative (δ) - This means that some balance zones have a surplus, while others have a deficit. The supply balancing process involves cross-network adjustments to the balance margins of each balance zone, with the goal of minimizing the overall network deficit (x). During natural adjustments, the operating rates of each balance zone are not adjusted; during operating rate adjustments, the operating rates of each balance zone are adjusted in a coordinated manner. For ease of explanation, the subscripts v→u→w→z represent variables and parameters at different stages.

[0057] 2.1.1 Natural Mutual Aid (H) S (Type equilibrium process)

[0058] (1) Objective function

[0059]

[0060] In equation (9) The quantity vector of load management measures adopted in each balance zone; for The vector magnitude reflects the overall scale of load management measures in each balance zone; the physical meaning of equation (9) is that the load management measures of the entire network are minimized.

[0061] (2) Equality constraints

[0062]

[0063] P bu =Pbv +N u ·Δs u (11)

[0064] Δs u ~F(Δs) u (12)

[0065] Equation (10-12) represents the equality constraints that the natural mutual assistance process must satisfy, where the subscript v indicates the equilibrium result in the independent equilibrium stage, and the superscript "+" indicates the equilibrium zone where the equilibrium margin is positive in the independent equilibrium stage (i.e., In equation (10), the second sub-equation, with the superscript "-", indicates the equilibrium zone where the equilibrium margin is negative in the independent equilibrium stage (i.e., The first sub-expression in equation (10). N u , These represent the mapping matrices that represent the influence of the path mutual aid power set on the equilibrium region set and the channel set, respectively.

[0066] In equation (10), the first and second sub-equations are mathematical expressions of the initial upper balance margin, where x v The initial load management measures already taken during the independent balancing phase (generally load responses achieved through economic and publicity means, such as time-of-use pricing, demand response, and energy conservation) δ v The first equation represents the upper equilibrium margin after independent equilibration; the third and fourth equations are mathematical expressions of the influence of the natural mutual assistance process on the upper equilibrium margin of each equilibrium region, where Δs u For the path mutual assistance power set in this stage, δ u The fifth formula represents the upper balance margin after natural mutual assistance; it is a mathematical expression of the combined effect of "natural mutual assistance + load management" on the upper balance margin of each balance zone, where x u For load management measures, δ w This refers to the upper balance margin after "natural mutual assistance + load management".

[0067] Equation (11) is the mathematical expression of the influence of the natural mutual assistance process on the channel power, where P bv P bu These are the channel power sets before and after mutual assistance, respectively. Equation (12) is the mathematical expression of the power dispatching rule constraint in the network equation during the natural mutual assistance process, requiring Δs u Comply with power dispatching rules.

[0068] (3) Inequality constraints

[0069]

[0070] Equation (13) represents the inequality constraints that the natural mutual assistance process needs to satisfy. The physical meaning of the first sub-equation is: the balance zone with a positive balance margin before natural mutual assistance still has a positive balance margin after natural mutual assistance, that is, the natural mutual assistance process cannot create a gap in the balance zone without a balance gap; the physical meaning of the second sub-equation is: the balance zone with a negative balance margin before natural mutual assistance cannot further reduce the balance margin after natural mutual assistance, that is, the natural mutual assistance process cannot increase the balance gap of any balance zone; the physical meaning of the third sub-equation is: after taking load management measures, the balance margin must be greater than zero, that is, satisfying the constraint of the fifth sub-equation in the network equation (Equation (8)); the physical meaning of the fourth sub-equation is: the mutual assistance process must satisfy the channel limit constraint, that is, the constraint of the seventh sub-equation in the network equation (Equation (8)).

[0071] (4) Mathematical expression of the dynamic equation

[0072] For ease of discussion, the entire process of natural mutual assistance in ensuring supply, including the objective function, equality constraints, and inequality constraints, is simplified and expressed by equation (14). Equation (14) is referred to as the dynamic equation of the natural mutual assistance process in ensuring supply, and H is used as the denominator. S A substitute for.

[0073]

[0074] In equation (14), the left-hand side represents the key variables before mutual assistance, the middle-hand side represents the key intermediate variables during mutual assistance, and the right-hand side represents the key variables after mutual assistance. Since H S The process did not adjust the start-up of each balance zone. Following the general principle of power supply security (load-side management measures are implemented after the entire network's capacity is exhausted), H S Load management measures generated after the process It is generally not actually implemented, therefore it is not included in the right-hand side of its dynamic equations.

[0075] From equation (14), we know that H S The essence of the process is to optimize and adjust the upper balance margin of different balance zones by controlling the path power in the balance zone, so as to achieve the balance target of minimizing the amount of load management measures for the entire network.

[0076] 2.1.2 Startup Mutual Assistance (H) SR (Type equilibrium process)

[0077] H SR The equilibrium process is in H S Based on the balancing process, the operating scale of each balancing zone will be further optimized and adjusted to further reduce the scale of load management measures.

[0078] (1) Objective function

[0079] f = min(x) w (15)

[0080] With H S Consistent, H SR The goal is also to minimize the number of load management measures across the entire network.

[0081] (2) Equality constraints

[0082] x w =δ z -δ w

[0083] δ u =ΔR u +R v +T v +n v -ρ v ·l v +x v

[0084]

[0085] Equation (16) is H SR The process is constrained by equations, where the first sub-equation is the mathematical expression of the combined impact of "start-up mutual assistance + load management" on the balance margin in each balance zone, δ. w δ z x w These are, respectively, the upper balance margin after start-up mutual assistance, the upper balance margin after "start-up mutual assistance + load management", and the load management measure quantity; the second sub-formula is the mathematical expression of the impact of start-up adjustment on the upper balance margin of each balance zone, where R v ΔR represents the initial startup scale for each equilibrium zone. u The adjustment amount for starting up each balance zone; the third sub-formula is "nested" in H SR H in the process S The dynamic equation, mathematically speaking, is to carry out H using the result of the second minor as the initial condition. S The physical meaning of this operation is: adjusting the start-up scale of each equilibrium zone (the second sub-equation increases ΔR). u On the basis of this, we can achieve mutual assistance between nature.

[0086] (3) Inequality constraints

[0087]

[0088] Equation (17) is H SR The process inequality constraints, where the first sub-equation is the upper equilibrium margin constraint, i.e., the fifth sub-equation constraint in the network equation (Equation 8), whose physical meaning is: via H SRAfter the process, sufficient load management measures must be taken to ensure that the reserve margin in any balanced area is greater than zero; the second sub-formula is the start-up capacity constraint, the physical meaning of which is: the start-up scale of any balanced area shall not exceed its installed capacity R. max .

[0089] (4) Mathematical expression of the dynamic equation

[0090] Similar to H S The mathematical expression of the entire process of supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance is simplified to Equation (18), and Equation (18) is called the dynamic equation of the supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance process, with H SR Refers to.

[0091]

[0092] In equation (18), the first sub-equation is a detailed extended expression, and the second sub-equation is a standard simplified expression. The left-hand terms of both sub-equations are the initial upper reserve margin and channel power, and the right-hand terms are the upper reserve margin, channel power, and load management measures after mutual assistance. The middle terms all include the key variable start-up adjustment (ΔR). u The first sub-formula indicates that H SR H is nested in the equation S .

[0093] From equation (18), we know that H SR The essence is in H S Based on this, further optimize and adjust the start-up of each balance zone to achieve the required reserve margin (>0) in each balance zone of the entire network with the least amount of network load management measures.

[0094] 2.2 Absorption and Equilibrium Process (K Process)

[0095] The main differences between the absorption balance process and the supply balance process are: (1) different objectives: the absorption balance process aims to minimize the curtailment of new energy (the supply balance process aims to minimize the amount of load management measures); (2) different constraints: the absorption balance process needs to simultaneously meet the upper and lower balance margin constraints (the supply balance process has no lower balance margin constraint); (3) different key variables: the key variable in the absorption balance process is the lower balance margin (the key variable in the supply balance process is the upper balance margin). The main similarity between the two is that both achieve optimization and mutual assistance by controlling and adjusting path power and operating capacity.

[0096] 2.2.1 Natural Mutual Aid (K) S (Type equilibrium process)

[0097] (1) Objective function

[0098]

[0099] In equation (19), For the new energy curtailment power in each balance zone, the physical meaning of equation (19) is that the new energy curtailment power in the whole network is minimized.

[0100] (2) Equality constraints

[0101] Equation (20-22) is K S The equation constraints of the process, with superscripts "+" and "-" indicating the equilibrium zones with positive and negative balance margins in the independent equilibrium stage, respectively; and superscripts "δ+" and "δ-" indicating the equilibrium zones with positive and negative balance margins in the independent equilibrium stage, respectively.

[0102]

[0103] P bu =P bv +N u ·Δs u (twenty one)

[0104] Δs u ~E(Δs) u ) (twenty two)

[0105] Equation (20) contains three sets of sub-equations and one simple equation. The first set of sub-equations is the mathematical expression of the initial equilibrium margin, where y v The first set of equations represents the initial curtailment of renewable energy (generally in-situ curtailment, cross-sectional curtailment, etc.); the second set of equations represents the mathematical expression of the impact of the natural mutual aid process on the lower balance margin of each balance zone; the third set of equations represents the mathematical expression of the impact of the natural mutual aid process on the upper balance margin of each balance zone. The Δs values ​​in the second and third sets of equations are... u The same meaning is that the absorption and mutual assistance process will simultaneously affect the upper and lower balance margins. The fourth monomorphism is the mathematical expression of the joint impact of "natural mutual assistance + renewable energy curtailment" on the lower balance margins of each balance zone, where... These represent the balance margins before and after renewable energy curtailment in the balance zone where the balance margin is negative during the independent balance phase. These represent the mapping matrices of the mutual power set on the path to the balance zones with negative and positive balance margins in the independent balance stage, respectively. The superscript δ- indicates the balance zone with a negative initial balance margin, and the superscript δ+ indicates the balance zone with a positive initial balance margin. The balance zone set is split into two sets according to whether the initial balance margin satisfies the requirement of >0.

[0106] Equations (21) and (22) are mathematical expressions of channel power and power dispatch rules in the mutual assistance process, respectively. It should be noted that the power consumption dispatch rule set (E) and the power supply guarantee rule set (F) are generally different.

[0107] (3) Inequality constraints

[0108]

[0109] Equation (23) is an inequality constraint. The physical meaning of its first sub-equation is: the lower balance margin is positive before mutual assistance and the lower balance margin is still positive after mutual assistance, that is, the mutual assistance process cannot create abandoned power in areas without absorption pressure; the physical meaning of the second sub-equation is: the lower balance margin is negative before mutual assistance and the lower balance margin cannot be further reduced after mutual assistance, that is, the mutual assistance process cannot increase the abandoned power in any balance area; the third and fourth sub-equations are requirements for the upper balance margin, and their physical meaning is: the absorption natural mutual assistance process cannot form (sub-equation three) or expand (sub-equation four) supply gap in any balance area.

[0110] (4) Mathematical expression of the dynamic equation

[0111]

[0112] Referring to the previous text, the dynamic equation for the process of absorbing natural mutual assistance can be expressed by equation (24), with K S It refers to the process of optimizing and adjusting the lower balance margin of different balance zones by controlling the path power within the balance zone, in order to achieve the balance target of minimizing the curtailment of renewable energy.

[0113] 2.2.2 Startup Mutual Support

[0114] With H SR Similarly, K SR It is in K S Based on this, the operating scale of each balance zone will be further optimized and adjusted to further reduce the curtailment of renewable energy.

[0115] (1) Objective function

[0116] f = min(y w (25)

[0117] With K S Consistent, K SR The goal is also to minimize the amount of renewable energy curtailment across the entire network.

[0118] (2) Equality constraints

[0119]

[0120] With H SR "Nested" H S Consistent, K SR K is "nested" in the middle S As shown in equation (26); with H SR The difference is that K SR This characterizes both the impact of start-up adjustments on the lower balance margin (second sub-formula) and the impact of start-up adjustments on the upper balance margin (third and fourth sub-formulas). The rest are similar to H. SRIts physical meaning will not be elaborated upon here. w Representing abandoned renewable energy power, σ z This represents the downbalancing margin after "start-up mutual assistance + load management"; σ w The lower balance margin after the curtailment of renewable energy;

[0121] (3) Inequality constraints

[0122]

[0123] K SR The inequality constraints are shown in equation (27), including the lower balance margin constraint (equation 1), the upper balance margin constraint (equations 2 and 3), and the start-up size constraint (equation 4). Especially with H... SR (Generally, only the power-on settings are adjusted upwards.) The difference is that K... SR The capacity of a given equilibrium zone may be adjusted downwards or upwards, therefore the capacity constraints must simultaneously satisfy the maximum installed capacity R. max Minimum boot mode R min limit.

[0124] (4) Mathematical expression of the dynamic equation

[0125]

[0126] Referring to the previous text, the dynamic equation for the mutual assistance process during startup can be expressed by equation (28), with K... SR Reference. Its essence lies in K. S Based on this, further optimize and adjust the start-up of each balance zone to achieve the balance margin target (>0) in each balance zone of the entire network with the minimum cost of curtailment of renewable energy across the entire network.

[0127] 3. Engineering Practice Principles

[0128] Network equations and dynamic equations are the mathematical principles and theoretical foundations for the integrated balance of the entire network. They are applicable to "any power grid at any time" and cover various balance forms such as "supply guarantee and consumption" and "natural mutual assistance and start-up mutual assistance". They have the characteristics of being fundamental, universal and general. In engineering practice, the boundaries, connection relationships and specific forms of the equations need to be refined according to the working conditions.

[0129] The most important characteristics of engineering practice are: (1) the balancing object has expanded from a single point to a continuous multi-point curve (taking the most important 96-point daily power balance curve as an example); (2) conventional power sources cannot respond continuously and quickly upon startup (considering peak-shaving constraints and startup time, the daily startup capacity can be approximated as constant); (3) balancing objectives and strategies are more diverse. Based on this, the dynamic equation is substituted into the specific scenario of engineering practice to construct the mathematical principle of engineering practice. Due to H S K SAs a natural mutual aid, it does not involve start-up adjustments, and each equilibrium point can proceed freely and independently, so its mathematical principles will not be elaborated further.

[0130] 3.1 Supply guarantee and mutual assistance during startup

[0131] (1) Objective function

[0132]

[0133] Equation (29) is for project H SR The objective function is , where t represents 96 time points in a day (15 minutes / point); |x u | max This represents the maximum value of the load management measures for the entire network at 96 points, i.e., the maximum load management measures for the entire network throughout the day. The physical meaning of equation (29) is: the minimum maximum load management measures for the entire network throughout the day.

[0134] (2) Equality constraints

[0135]

[0136] t∈[1,96] (30)

[0137] Equation (30) extends Equation (16) to 96 points, where ΔR u R v The data remains constant at 96 points and does not change over time, thus characterizing the start-up characteristics of units considering peak shaving in engineering practice.

[0138] (3) Inequality constraints

[0139]

[0140] Equation (31) extends the inequality constraint of Equation (17) from a single point to 96 points, requiring each of the 96 points to obey the in-point inequality constraint, where ΔR u R v It remains constant even with inequality constraints at 96 points.

[0141] (4) Applying dynamic equations

[0142]

[0143] t∈[1,96](32)

[0144] In summary, the power supply start-up process in engineering practice can be simplified and expressed by equation (32), which is called the "applied dynamic equation". (T represents the full-time curve) The essence is to optimize and adjust the entire network's startup through inter-regional mutual assistance while satisfying the constraints of equality and inequality at each time and the constraints of conventional power supply peak regulation, so as to minimize the amount of maximum load management measures for the entire network throughout the day.

[0145] 3.2 Mutual support for power generation and depletion

[0146] (1) Objective function

[0147]

[0148] and Unlike the optimization objective of the maximum load management measures, the optimization objective of power consumption in engineering is to minimize the total amount of abandoned power. Therefore, in equation (33), |Y u This represents the cumulative amount of abandoned renewable energy power at 96 points.

[0149] (2) Equality constraints

[0150]

[0151] t∈[1,96](34)

[0152] and Consistent, the equality constraint is expanded from a single point in equation (26) to 96 points in equation (34), and the startup-related variables at each time point are also consistent. Keep it constant.

[0153] (3) Inequality constraints

[0154]

[0155] t∈[1,96](35)

[0156] Equation (35) extends the inequality constraint of Equation (27) to 96 points.

[0157] (4) Applying dynamic equations

[0158]

[0159] The power generation process in engineering practice can be simplified and expressed by equation (36). Refers to. The essence is to optimize and adjust the entire network's power generation through inter-regional mutual assistance while satisfying the constraints of equality and inequality at each time and the constraints of conventional power source peak shaving, so as to minimize the total amount of renewable energy curtailment in the entire network throughout the day.

[0160] 3.3 Integrated Balanced Basic Model

[0161] Based on the application dynamic equations of integrated power grid balancing, and combined with engineering practice requirements, the flowchart of the basic model for integrated balancing engineering practice is summarized as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Under the basic model, following the national energy and power development requirements (prioritizing supply), while balancing supply and consumption, and coordinating intra-regional and inter-regional mutual assistance, scientific decisions are made to adopt natural mutual assistance and start-up mutual assistance methods. It consists of the following six stages.

[0162] (1) Phase 1: Independent equilibrium within the equilibrium zone

[0163]

[0164] Equation (37) characterizes the principle of independent equilibrium within the equilibrium region. Its physical meaning is to determine the minimum operating scale (R1) based on its own equilibrium boundary. The initial conditions for integrated equilibrium are obtained through independent equilibrium within the equilibrium region, as shown in the following equation:

[0165]

[0166] (2) Phase Two: Natural Mutual Assistance for Supply Guarantee (H S )

[0167] The supply guarantee and mutual assistance will be carried out with the results of Phase 1 as the boundary, and each time point will be carried out independently, as follows:

[0168]

[0169] If the gap is eliminated at this stage Then the supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance will no longer be carried out. That is, skip stage three.

[0170] (3) Phase 3: Supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance

[0171] H S If there is still a gap, then use H. S The result is that, under the initial conditions, a joint operation was carried out at 96 time points throughout the day. As shown in the following formula:

[0172]

[0173] go through After that, the balance gap was completely eliminated, and the next stage of absorption and mutual assistance began.

[0174] (4) Stage Four: Absorbing Natural Mutual Aid (K) S )

[0175] K is carried out with the results of Phase 3 as the boundary. S Each time point is performed independently, as shown in the following formula:

[0176]

[0177] If there are no large-scale restrictions on new energy sources, then the mutual support between power generation and grid connection will no longer be implemented. That is, skip stage five.

[0178] (5) Phase 5: Consolidation and Start-up Mutual Assistance

[0179] K S If there is still a gap, then use K. S The result is that, under the initial conditions, a joint operation was carried out at 96 time points throughout the day. As shown in the following formula:

[0180]

[0181] (6) Phase Six: Optimization of Startup in Independent Balance Zone

[0182] After Phase 5, the final balance boundary of each balance zone is formed, and each balance zone organizes and optimizes the combination and mode of units within the balance zone based on this boundary.

[0183] The above is the basic model of the integrated balancing of the entire network. Overall, its six sub-stages can be divided into three categories: (1) Independent balancing within the balancing zone, including the first and sixth stages, referred to as G; (2) Inter-regional supply guarantee and mutual assistance, including the second and third stages, generally referred to as G. Refers to; (3) Interval absorption and mutual assistance type, including the fourth and fifth stages, generally based on Refers to.

[0184] The integrated equilibrium fundamental pattern is decomposed into 8 sub-configurations, which, together with the fundamental pattern, constitute the configuration set of integrated equilibrium, including: independent equilibrium patterns G, GH. S , GK S , GH S K S ,

[0185] Based on macroscopic research on the balance mechanism of new power systems, this invention focuses on inter-regional mutual assistance and supply guarantee / consumption targets under the new power system environment, and systematically conducts research on the integrated power balance mechanism of the entire network. An integrated balance mathematical model is constructed with elements such as "balance zone," "channel," and "path" as its core. Based on the model, integrated balance network equations are derived to characterize network structural constraints. Building upon the network equations, key balance targets of new power systems, such as ensuring supply and promoting consumption, are introduced. An integrated balance dynamic equation is derived, consisting of four process forms: natural mutual assistance for supply guarantee, mutual assistance for supply guarantee and startup, natural mutual assistance for consumption, and mutual assistance for consumption and startup, serving as the fundamental mathematical principle of integrated balance. By substituting engineering boundary conditions into the integrated balance dynamic equation, nine integrated balance configurations used in engineering practice are derived and summarized, and a nationwide integrated power balance method for new power systems is proposed. Attached Figure Description

[0186] Figure 1 This is a mathematical model diagram of the integrated power balance of the large power grid according to the present invention.

[0187] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the basic model of the integrated power balance engineering practice for large power grids according to the present invention.

[0188] Figure 3 This is a network topology diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0189] Figure 4 This is a 96-point curve of the initial upper balance margin in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0190] Figure 5 This is a 96-point curve of the initial lower equilibrium margin in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0191] Figure 6 H is the embodiment of the present invention. S Diagram showing the balance result of the integrated balancing process.

[0192] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Diagram showing the balance result of the integrated balancing process.

[0193] Figure 8 This is a time-of-use curve of renewable energy curtailment across the entire network at different balancing stages, as shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0194] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the total load management measures and renewable energy curtailment at different balancing stages in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0195] Figure 10 In Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the equilibrium region C is located at K. S and The time-sharing curve during the process.

[0196] Figure 11 This is a typical daily H-day of a large power grid according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. S Mutual assistance result diagram (path mutual assistance adjustment power).

[0197] Figure 12 This is a typical daily H-day of a large power grid according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. S Mutual assistance result diagram (balance zone X supported power).

[0198] Figure 13 This is a graph showing the renewable energy penetration rate-renewable energy curtailment rate curve and the renewable energy penetration rate-total mutual assistance power curve under different balance modes of a power grid in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0199] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0200] This invention proposes a practical new integrated power balance method for the entire power system, which achieves power balance across the entire network by constructing an integrated balance multi-mode.

[0201] In the practice of integrated power grid balancing, the balancing tasks and scenarios are often diverse. Based on this, the basic model of integrated balancing can be established. The deconstruction results in 8 sub-configurations, which, together with the basic pattern, form an integrated and balanced set of configurations, as shown in Table 1.

[0202] Table 1. Configuration set of integrated equilibrium

[0203]

[0204] Among them, the basic type utilizes all network resources to maximize the coordination of supply and consumption, representing the ideal and optimal type, but also the most difficult to implement; Type I is the independent balancing mode, the simplest, but gradually becoming unsuitable for the needs of integrated large-scale production in new power systems; Type II either performs mutual assistance in supply or consumption, with clearly defined application scenarios, but fails to achieve coordination between supply and consumption; Type III coordinates supply and consumption to a certain extent, but with some emphasis (e.g., More emphasis is placed on ensuring supply, and the allocation of resources across the entire network is insufficient (such as GH). S K S Only natural mutual assistance was performed; no adjustments were made to the startup process.

[0205] like Figure 2As shown, these nine configurations can flexibly match the diverse needs of engineering practice and achieve integrated balance to different degrees. By selecting different sets of integrated balance configurations, the independent balance, supply guarantee and mutual assistance, and consumption mutual assistance stages can be flexibly carried out as described in this scheme. The balance between intra-regional and inter-regional mutual assistance can be coordinated, and the means of natural mutual assistance and start-up mutual assistance can be decided, thereby achieving integrated balance of the large power grid.

[0206] The selection of the integrated balance configuration of the entire network is closely related to the development level of the new power system and should comprehensively consider multiple factors such as policy, market, mechanism, and technical means. As the construction of the new power system is further promoted, the basic integrated balance model should be fully implemented to maximize the utilization of the entire network resources and achieve optimization and mutual assistance.

[0207] Based on actual production and operation data of a power grid, the effectiveness of the integrated balancing mechanism is verified through Example 1, and the value and significance of the integrated balancing mechanism in the construction of a new power system are illustrated through examples.

[0208] Example 1

[0209] Taking the actual regional power grid structure as a reference, the topology of Implementation Example 1 is constructed as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Example 1 consists of six balance zones A to F and five channels 1 to 5, resulting in a total of 30 paths.

[0210] Using the actual balance boundary data of a typical day in the power grid as a reference, the initial balance conditions of Example 1 were constructed, and independent balances within the balance zone were carried out first. The initial upper balance margin and lower balance margin 96-point curves after independent balances in each balance zone are shown below. Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown.

[0211] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the initial balance margins of each balance zone exhibit significant differences in their spatiotemporal distribution. Temporally, influenced by fluctuations in load and renewable energy sources, the balance margins change significantly across different time periods. For example, balance zone D shows positive values ​​from period 1 to 66, but turns negative from period 67 to 91; balance zone E shows positive values ​​from period 1 to 73, but turns negative from period 74 to 93. Spatially, the balance margins of different balance zones within the same time period differ significantly, indicating a potential for mutual support. For instance, during periods where there are gaps in balance zones D and E (approximately the evening peak of daily power balance), balance zones A and B have substantial surpluses in their balance margins.

[0212] and Figure 4 The upper balance margin shown is consistent. Figure 5 The initial lower equilibrium margins of the six equilibrium regions shown also exhibit significant differences in their spatiotemporal distribution, similarly creating conditions for spatiotemporal mutual assistance among different equilibrium regions. Figure 5It can be seen that the balance margin of balance zones A, C, and F is significantly less than 0 during the period of 40-70 (approximately the midday period of daily power balance), indicating a large demand for mutual assistance.

[0213] The initial balance conditions of Implementation Example 1, based on actual production and operation data, also intuitively reflect the necessity of integrated balance across the entire power grid under the new power system environment, namely, the mutual support needs naturally formed by the spatiotemporal differences in the balance status between regions.

[0214] 1.1H process

[0215] (1)H S process

[0216] Using an integrated balance mechanism, the initial balance adjustment from Example 1 is substituted into its integrated balance dynamic equation to conduct H... S The equilibrium process, the result is as follows Figure 6 As shown.

[0217] Figure 6 In the diagram, the red dashed line and the blue dashed line represent H, respectively. S The time-sharing curves of the equilibrium gaps in the pre-equilibrium zones D and E. The bar chart is for H. S The mutual adjustment amounts for each balance zone at different times are shown. A positive adjustment amount indicates net input, and a negative adjustment amount indicates net output. Different colors represent different balance zones. It can be seen that during the gap periods in balance zones D and E, balance zones D and E receive a large amount of incoming power (red and blue positive bars), while other balance zones correspondingly generate outgoing power (non-red and blue negative bars). The red and blue area diagrams represent H. S The gaps in the post-equilibrium regions D and E show that, after H... S After mutual adjustment, the two area maps are significantly lower than H. S The previous equilibrium gap time-sharing curve, i.e., via H S After that, the balance gap decreased significantly.

[0218] Figure 6 The equilibrium results shown verify H S The effectiveness, that is, through H S It achieves spatiotemporal mutual support of positive balance margins in each balance interval, effectively reducing the balance gap.

[0219] (2) process

[0220] In H S Based on this, and in accordance with the principles of engineering practice, further improvements were made to Example 1. The results are as follows Figure 7 As shown.

[0221] Figure 7 In the diagram, the red dashed line and the blue dashed line represent H, respectively. SThe time-sharing curves of the equilibrium gaps in the post-equilibrium zones D and E, i.e. Figure 6 The outlines of the red and blue area plots. Figure 7 The bar chart in the middle represents H S The difference in the mutual adjustment amount of each equilibrium zone at different times, i.e. Relative to H S The adjustment increment. It can be seen that in H... S On this basis, The mutual support for the balance zones D and E with the gap has been further increased (red and blue positive bars), mainly by adding generating units in balance zone C (green negative bars, representing the incremental power transferred from balance zone C after the units are started). Figure 7 In the middle, the red and blue area diagrams are... The equilibrium gaps in the post-equilibrium regions D and E show that... Afterwards, the equilibrium gap is lower than H. S Further reduction.

[0222] Figure 7 The equilibrium results shown verify that The validity, i.e. By combining startup adjustments with mutual support, the overall balancing effect has been further improved.

[0223] Overall, through The maximum power grid shortfall was reduced from 5886MW to 885MW, a reduction of 85%, which has a significant effect.

[0224] 1.2K process

[0225] (1) Overall network balance effect

[0226] exist Based on this, and in accordance with the principles of engineering practice, further K-based experiments were conducted on Example 1. S , The overall network balance result is as follows Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown.

[0227] Figure 8 This represents the time-of-use curves of renewable energy curtailment across the entire network at different equilibrium stages (the sum of renewable energy curtailment at the same time in each equilibrium zone). Figure 9 This shows the changes in the amount of load management measures and the amount of renewable energy curtailment during different balancing phases. It can be seen that:

[0228] (1) Figure 8 Zhong K S , The corresponding renewable energy curtailment curve is significantly lower than that before integrated balancing and After, and The curtailment curve for renewable energy is lower than K. S This indicates that K S , It effectively reduced the curtailment of renewable energy, and The reduction effect is better than K S .Depend on Figure 9 Furthermore, The amount of abandoned renewable energy was 419 million kilowatt-hours, compared to... (548 million) decreased by 23.5%, and decreased by 16.1% compared with before the integration and balancing.

[0229] (2) Figure 8 middle The corresponding renewable energy curtailment curve is significantly higher than the renewable energy curtailment curve before integrated balancing, indicating that... While reducing the overall grid balance gap, it also has a side effect: it increases the curtailment of renewable energy.

[0230] (3) Figure 9 It is known that during the integrated balancing process, the amount of load management measures decreases rapidly in stage H and remains constant in stage K; the amount of abandoned renewable energy first increases in stage H and then decreases rapidly after stage K.

[0231] This shows that:

[0232] (1) Figure 8 , Figure 9 The results shown verify the effectiveness of the K-balancing process, namely, that the K-balancing process effectively reduces the curtailment of renewable energy by further optimizing start-up and adjusting tie-line power without affecting power supply (the load management measures remain unchanged in the K-balancing process).

[0233] (2) The H process has the side effect of increasing the curtailment of new energy sources. Implementing the H process alone cannot meet the dual goals of coordinating power supply and consumption in the new power system.

[0234] (3) The K process is a necessary supplement to the H process. In the context of the new power system, in order to coordinate power supply and new energy consumption, it is necessary to implement the joint balancing process of H and K, that is, to promote the basic balancing model. Applications.

[0235] (2) Regional balancing effect

[0236] Table 5 shows the changes in renewable energy curtailment and conventional power generation capacity in each balance zone during the K-process. As shown in Table 2, K... S The amount of renewable energy wasted in each subsequent balance zone was less than K. S forward, The amount of renewable energy wasted in each of the subsequent balance zones was less than K. SSubsequently, the K-process, while ensuring a reduction in the total amount of abandoned electricity across the entire network, also simultaneously guarantees an optimized reduction in the local abandoned electricity in each balance zone. This balances overall and local interests, adhering to the principle that the mutual assistance process does not affect the balance interests of external support providers. In particular, Despite an increase of 152MW in the operating capacity of conventional power sources, the amount of renewable energy abandoned in post-balance zone C actually decreased by 400MWh.

[0237] Table 2. Renewable energy curtailment (billion kWh) and K in different balancing zones at different stages of the integrated balancing K process. SR Phased increase in generating capacity (MW)

[0238]

[0239] Further comparison of equilibrium region C in K S , The time-sharing mutual assistance curve in the process is as follows: Figure 10 As shown. It can be seen that, with K... S Compared to the curves, The mutual assistance curve increases the injected power to the equilibrium zone C at certain time points (such as times 2, 39, and 82), thereby reducing the demand for local power-on at these "scattered" time points and creating conditions for reducing the scale of power-on within the zone. That is, by using a "point-for-surface" approach, the flexibility of the entire network's mutual assistance is leveraged to "supplement points" (i.e., supplementing the network's points). Figure 10 The positive bulge of the red curve in the middle reduces local startup time and significantly increases the potential for renewable energy consumption. Figure 10 (area of ​​shaded area).

[0240] Example 1 verifies the scientific validity and effectiveness of the proposed integrated balancing mechanism, highlighting its two special advantages in the balancing of new power systems: (1) coordinating supply and consumption; (2) taking into account both the overall situation and local conditions.

[0241] Example 2

[0242] A certain large-scale power grid consists of more than 30 balance zones and more than 60 interconnection channels, forming more than 20,000 effective paths. H2C has been implemented based on its network topology. S Integrated balancing mode. On a typical day, this large power grid uses H... S Actual implementation of network-wide mutual assistance, such as Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown.

[0243] In this typical intraday scenario, a balance gap exists in the equilibrium zone X, and this gap remains unresolved even after exhausting all available market-side measures, including those in the medium to long term and spot markets. This gap is identified through H. S To provide integrated mutual assistance across the entire network, through 7 balance zones ( Figure 12 (China League One to G) traverses 148 paths (e.g.) Figure 11(As shown) the organization of power, providing 23,020 megawatt-hours of electricity and eliminating a maximum power shortage of 4,500 megawatts, effectively ensuring an orderly power supply.

[0244] Example 3

[0245] Based on the actual production and operation data of a regional power grid throughout 2023, a simulation calculation of the correlation between the growth rate of renewable energy penetration and the renewable energy curtailment rate was conducted using production time-series simulation. The results are as follows: Figure 13 As shown.

[0246] Figure 13 In the diagram, the three solid lines represent the correlation between renewable energy penetration rate (horizontal axis) and renewable energy curtailment rate (vertical axis). It can be seen that as renewable energy penetration increases, the renewable energy curtailment rate will also increase. Gray, black, and red respectively represent "independent balance mode," "K-balance mode," and "K-balance mode." S Balanced mode "Balanced mode" can be seen The corresponding curve is the shortest, followed by K. S The highest value corresponds to the independent equilibrium curve, meaning that under the same new energy penetration rate, Under this model, the curtailment rate of renewable energy is the lowest, followed by K. S The independent balancing mode has the highest power curtailment rate. Taking this first embodiment as an example, compared to the independent balancing mode, the adopted... The overall balancing model reduced the curtailment rate of renewable energy by about 5 percentage points. Referring to the national power generation and renewable energy penetration rate in 2023, assuming that the renewable energy penetration rate reaches 40% after the new power system develops to a certain stage, corresponding to a national power generation of 15 trillion kilowatt-hours, then the following approach will be adopted... The balancing model reduces the curtailment rate of renewable energy by 5 percentage points, which means a reduction of 300 billion kilowatt-hours of renewable energy curtailment, resulting in enormous economic, social, and environmental benefits.

[0247] Figure 13 The middle blue dashed line is The curve showing the change in total mutual-assistance electricity volume with the penetration rate of new energy sources shows that: as the penetration rate of new energy sources continues to increase, The total amount of electricity generated through mutual assistance is also growing rapidly. Creating benefits from reduced curtailment of new energy sources is predicated on larger-scale inter-regional mutual support, meaning that energy transition and development, as well as the high-quality balance of the new power system, place higher demands on the integrated balancing capabilities of the entire grid.

[0248] As can be seen from the above, the novel integrated power system balance model and mechanism proposed in this invention effectively solves the fundamental principle problem of integrated power system balance across the entire grid. By proposing a basic model for integrated power system balance engineering practice and eight sub-configurations, it effectively addresses the issues of diverse engineering practice scenarios and multiple objectives. The novel integrated power system balance method for the entire grid proposed in this invention is closely integrated with engineering practice scenarios, is practical and effective, and has significant advantages over other power system balance methods. With the continuous and in-depth advancement of the construction of the new power system, the scale of integrated power system balance will continue to expand. Integrated power system balance plays a significant role in coordinating the resources of the entire grid to achieve optimal mutual assistance, minimizing balance gaps, and increasing the absorption of new energy sources, and is of great significance for building a new power system and promoting energy transformation and development.

[0249] The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nationwide integrated power balancing method, characterized in that: First, an integrated balance mathematical model of the entire network is constructed. Based on the model, the integrated balance network equations used to characterize the network structure constraints are derived. Second, based on the network equations, the key balance objectives of the new power system are introduced, and the integrated balance dynamic equations consisting of four process forms—natural mutual assistance for supply guarantee, mutual assistance for supply guarantee and start-up, natural mutual assistance for absorption, and mutual assistance for absorption and start-up—are derived. Then, the engineering boundary conditions are substituted into the integrated balance dynamic equations, and nine integrated balance configurations for engineering practice are derived to achieve integrated power balance of the entire network. The construction of the integrated equilibrium network equation includes the following steps: Constructing a unified, balanced mathematical model for the entire network: Constructing algebraic network equations: through mutual power on the path The balance state and channel power in the balance zone are adjusted, and the power of each path is mutually adjusted. The generation process must follow the rule set The constraint is represented by equation (6): (6) in, A set of rules for allocating power for path mutual assistance; Constructing the vector network equation: The balance equation of a single balance zone and channel is extended to each balance zone and channel of the entire network, and represented in vector form, resulting in the integrated balance network equation as shown in equation (8): (8) in, , , , , , , , , , These are the following sets for each balance zone in the entire network: upper balance margin set, lower balance margin set, conventional power generation capacity set, tie-line planned power set, predicted load set, predicted renewable energy output set, reserve rate set, conventional power generation peak-shaving rate set, load-side management measures set, and renewable energy curtailment set. , Set the upper and lower limits for each channel; Constructing an integrated equilibrium dynamic equation: Under the constraints of the integrated equilibrium network equation, an integrated equilibrium process is carried out for the equilibrium objective and initial conditions, and the equilibrium process is divided into supply guarantee and natural mutual assistance. Supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance , and the mutual support of nature Mutual support for power generation and depletion Four basic forms; Among them, the absorption and balance process aims to minimize the curtailment of new energy power, which requires simultaneous satisfaction of upper and lower balance margin constraints, with the lower balance margin being the key variable. The goal of the supply balancing process is to minimize the amount of load management measures, and it has no lower balancing margin constraints. Both achieve optimization and mutual support by controlling and adjusting path power and start-up capacity; Supply guarantee process The objective function is: (9) in, The quantity vector of load management measures adopted in each balance zone; for The vector magnitude reflects the overall scale of load management measures in each balance zone; The process must satisfy the following equality constraints: (10) (11) (12) Among them, subscript Indicates the equilibrium result of the independent equilibrium stage, indicated by the superscript "". "" indicates the equilibrium zone where the equilibrium margin is positive in the independent equilibrium stage, i.e. The superscript "-" indicates an equilibrium zone where the equilibrium margin is negative in the independent equilibrium stage, i.e. , , The mapping matrix representing the influence of the mutual power set on the path on the equilibrium region set and the channel set; in, This represents the amount of initial load management measures already taken during the independent balancing phase. The upper balance margin after independent balancing; This is the path mutual assistance power set for this stage. The upper balance margin after natural mutual assistance, For load management measures, The upper balance margin after "natural mutual assistance + load management"; , These are the channel power sets before and after the mutual assistance; The inequality constraints that the process must satisfy are: (13) The entire process of natural mutual assistance in ensuring supply includes the objective function, equality constraints, and inequality constraints, which are simplified and expressed by equation (14). Equation (14) is called the dynamic equation of the natural mutual assistance process in ensuring supply. Substitute; (14) From equation (14), we know that The essence of the process is to optimize and adjust the upper balance margin of different balance zones by controlling the path power in the balance zone, so as to achieve the balance target of minimizing the amount of load management measures for the entire network.

2. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: Supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance process The objective function is: (15) The goal of the process is to minimize the number of load management measures required across the entire network; The equality constraints of the process are: (16) in, , , These are the top balance margin after start-up mutual assistance, the top balance margin after "start-up mutual assistance + load management", and the load management measures; The initial startup scale for each balance zone, Adjustments for startup in each balance zone; The inequality constraints for the process are: (17) The entire process of supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance is simplified and expressed by equation (18), which is called the dynamic equation of the supply guarantee and start-up mutual assistance process. Reference; (18) From equation (18), we know that The essence of the process is Based on the process, further optimize and adjust the start-up of each balance zone to achieve the required reserve margin in each balance zone of the entire network with the least amount of network-wide load management measures.

3. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: Consumption of nature and mutual assistance The objective function is: (19) in, This refers to the abandoned renewable energy power in each balance zone; The equality constraints of the process are: (20) (21) (22) The superscripts "+" and "-" indicate the equilibrium zones with positive and negative balance margins, respectively, under the independent equilibrium phase; the superscript " "、" "These represent the equilibrium zones with positive and negative balance margins in the independent equilibrium phase, respectively; For the initial curtailment of renewable energy, among which , These represent the balance margins before and after renewable energy curtailment in the balance zone where the balance margin is negative during the independent balance phase. , These represent the mapping matrices that represent the influence of the mutual power set on the path on the equilibrium regions with negative and positive equilibrium margins in the independent equilibrium stages, respectively. To absorb the power dispatch rule set; The inequality constraints for the process are: (23) The dynamic equation of the process is expressed by equation (24), with Reference; (24) The essence of the process is to optimize and adjust the lower balance margin of different balance zones by controlling the path power in the balance zone, so as to achieve the balance target of minimizing the curtailment of new energy power.

4. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: Consumption and start-up mutual assistance process The objective function is: (25) The goal of the process is to minimize the curtailment of renewable energy across the entire network; The equality constraints of the process are: (26) Represents the abandoned power of new energy sources. This refers to the downbalancing margin after "start-up mutual assistance + load management"; The lower balance margin after the curtailment of renewable energy; The inequality constraints for the process are: (27) The dynamic equation of the process is expressed by equation (28), with Refers to: (28) The essence of the process is Based on this, further optimization and adjustment of the start-up of each balance zone will be carried out to achieve the balance margin target of each balance zone of the entire network with the minimum cost of curtailment of renewable energy across the entire network.

5. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: Constructing an integrated equilibrium configuration for engineering practice: Substituting dynamic equations into engineering practice scenarios to construct engineering practice models; Among them, ensuring supply and mutual assistance in starting up operations. The objective function is as follows: (29) in, It represents the 96 points in time during the day; This represents the maximum load management measures implemented across the entire network at 96 points, i.e., the maximum load management measures implemented across the entire network throughout the day. The equality constraints of the process are: (30) Equation (30) extends equation (16) to 96 points, where , The system remains constant at 96 points and does not change over time, which characterizes the start-up characteristics of units considering peak shaving in engineering practice. The inequality constraints for the process are: (31) Equation (31) extends the inequality constraint of Equation (17) from a single point to 96 points, requiring each of the 96 points to satisfy an in-point inequality constraint, where , It remains constant even under 96-point inequality constraints; The application of the dynamic equation for the process is as follows: Refers to, Represents a full-time curve; (32) The essence is to optimize and adjust the entire network's startup through inter-regional mutual assistance while satisfying the constraints of equality and inequality at each moment and the constraints of conventional power supply peak regulation, so as to minimize the amount of maximum load management measures for the entire network throughout the day. Among them, the mutual assistance of power generation and operation. The objective function is: (33) in, It is the accumulation of 96 points of abandoned renewable energy, and the optimization goal is to minimize the total amount of abandoned electricity; The equality constraints of the process are: (34) Equation (34) is expanded from a single point in Equation (26) to 96 points, and the relevant variables for power-on at each time point are also included. , , , , , Keep constant; The inequality constraints for the process are: (35) Equation (35) extends the inequality constraint of equation (27) to 96 points; The application of the dynamic equation for the process is as follows: Reference; (36) The essence of the process is to optimize and adjust the entire network's power generation through inter-regional mutual assistance while satisfying the constraints of equality and inequality at each moment and the constraints of conventional power source peak shaving, so as to minimize the total amount of renewable energy curtailment in the entire network throughout the day.

6. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the engineering practice model, an integrated equilibrium foundation model is obtained, which includes the following six stages: Phase 1: Independent Equilibrium within the Equilibrium Zone (37) Equation (37) characterizes the principle of independent equilibrium within the equilibrium region. Its physical meaning is to determine the minimum operating scale based on its own equilibrium boundary. The initial conditions for integrated equilibrium are obtained by independent equilibrium in the equilibrium region, as shown in the following equation: (38) Phase Two: Natural Mutual Assistance for Supply Guarantee The supply guarantee and mutual assistance will be carried out with the results of Phase 1 as the boundary, and each time point will be carried out independently, as follows: (39) If the gap is eliminated at this stage ( If this occurs, then the supply guarantee and power-on mutual assistance will no longer be provided. That is, skipping stage three; Phase Three: Supply Guarantee and Mutual Support for Start-up If a gap still exists after Phase Two, then... The result is that, under the initial conditions, a joint operation was carried out at 96 time points throughout the day. As shown in the following formula: (40) go through After that, the balance gap was completely eliminated, and the next stage of absorption and mutual assistance began. Phase Four: Consolidation of Natural Mutual Assistance The process will proceed based on the results of Phase 3. Each time point is performed independently, as shown in the following formula: (41) If there are no large-scale restrictions on new energy sources, then the mutual support between power generation and grid connection will no longer be implemented. That is, skipping stage five; Phase 5: Mutual Support for Power Generation and Replenishment If a gap still exists after Phase Four, then... The result is that, under the initial conditions, a joint operation was carried out at 96 time points throughout the day. As shown in the following formula: (42) Phase Six: Optimized Startup Combination within Independent Balance Zone After Phase 5, the final balance boundary of each balance zone is formed, and each balance zone organizes and optimizes the combination and mode of units within the balance zone based on this boundary.

7. The integrated power balancing method for the entire power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The six stages of the integrated equilibrium basic model are divided into three categories: independent equilibrium within the equilibrium zone, including stage one and stage six, and so on. Refers to; inter-regional supply guarantee and mutual assistance, including Phase II and Phase III, with the overall focus on Refers to; inter-regional consumption and mutual assistance categories, including phase four and phase five, with the overall focus on Reference; The unified equilibrium fundamental pattern is decomposed into 8 sub-configurations, which, together with the fundamental pattern, constitute the configuration set of the unified equilibrium, including: independent equilibrium patterns. , , , , , , , , .

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