Main flight picture simple display method and device based on visual interaction

Abstract

The invention provides a main flight picture simple display method and device based on visual interaction. The method comprises the following steps of 1, determining display elements corresponding to a flight task according to the flight task; 2, sorting the display elements, and determining the priorities of the display elements; 3, sequentially arranging the display elements in the areas from the center to the periphery of the display instrument according to the priority from high to low; the central area of the display instrument is an area easily captured by the sight of a pilot; and 4, displaying each information element by adopting a preset simplified display mode. A pilot can master flight data information of a helicopter without shielding in the optimal visual angle range as much as possible in the flight process, know information such as topographic data and obstacles, automatically adjust the flight position and pipeline display, achieve coordination and consistency of the flight environment and a synthetic visual image, enable the pilot to more accurately perceive the surrounding environment, and improve the flight efficiency. The flight safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of helicopter cockpit display, and in particular, relates to a method and device for concisely displaying a main flight picture based on visual interaction. Background Art

[0002] With the development of aviation technology, the flight control system of helicopters has become more and more complex. This complexity comes not only from the multiple functions of the aircraft itself, but also from the increased requirements for adaptability to the flight environment and the diversification of mission execution. The main instruments in the existing flight screen are the attitude indicator and the horizontal position indicator, and the horizontal position indicator is always at the bottom of the flight screen. When the helicopter performs a steep approach under poor visual conditions, the pilot needs to observe the landing site and the surrounding environment through the lower image of the synthetic vision, while the horizontal position indicator will block this part of the image, affecting the pilot's acquisition of information and increasing the workload. In addition, pilots usually need to face a screen containing a large amount of information, including basic flight data such as heading, altitude, and speed. These data information are presented in the form of text and scale bands. This type of design is based on the traditional concept of providing as much information as possible to facilitate pilots to make decisions.

[0003] However, as the complexity of avionics systems increases, the content of data information also grows, which leads to information overload. In emergency situations or complex flight environments, pilots need to quickly identify and respond to critical information, and information overload can lead to cognitive delays. Information overload on helicopter flight images not only affects the cognitive efficiency of pilots, but can also lead to operational errors. According to statistics, improper design related to flight information display is one of the causes of flight accidents.

[0004] Synthetic vision is a three-dimensional virtual vision generated based on the helicopter's position and altitude using terrain data, obstacle data, and airport runway data. Electronic flight instruments, flight guidance symbols, and terrain warning information can be superimposed on the synthetic vision. Although synthetic vision technology can enable pilots to obtain and operate information more intuitively through advanced graphics and interactive elements. For example, the use of color changes, graphic symbols, and dynamic interactions can greatly improve the readability of information and the intuitiveness of operation, but its application in the main flight screen of the helicopter also faces design challenges. Designers need to consider how to effectively classify and display a large amount of information, while ensuring that the pilot's familiarity with the system and the intuitiveness of operation are not affected by new technologies. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a method and device for displaying a concise main flight picture based on visual interaction, which solves the problem that when a helicopter is performing a mission, the main flight picture combined with the visual cannot meet the pilot's requirements for observing the route and the surrounding environment of low-altitude flight due to overload of flight data information, thereby affecting flight safety.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for concisely displaying a main flight picture based on visual interaction, the steps of which are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: Determine the display elements corresponding to the flight mission according to the flight mission;

[0008] Step 2: Sort the display elements and determine the priority of each display element;

[0009] Step 3: Arrange the display elements in the center and surrounding areas of the display instrument in order from high to low priority; the center area of ​​the display instrument is the area that is easy for the pilot to capture;

[0010] Step 4: Use the preset simplified display method to display each information element.

[0011] Optionally, the display elements corresponding to the flight mission are determined according to the flight mission, including:

[0012] When the flight mission is low-altitude flight, the display elements include: navigation information, attitude information, flight control mode information and obstacle information;

[0013] When the flight mission is search, the display elements include: target information, sensor status, and map information.

[0014] Optionally, the attitude information includes an indication of height below the pipe;

[0015] Below pipeline height indication = minimum ground clearance - actual terrain height of helicopter, or below pipeline height indication = safe pipeline altitude - helicopter altitude; the first threshold is minimum ground clearance - minimum obstacle clearance margin;

[0016] The minimum height above the ground indicates the lowest descent height under certain height safety tolerance conditions;

[0017] The actual terrain height of the helicopter indicates the height of the helicopter from obstacles;

[0018] The safety pipeline altitude indicates the height of the safety pipeline from the reference sea level;

[0019] Helicopter altitude indicates the height of the helicopter from the reference sea level;

[0020] The simplified display mode of the indication of the altitude below the pipe is a bar indicator to indicate the tendency of the current flight altitude to be below the bottom edge of the pipe. The bar indicator is displayed when the aircraft is below the pipe; the bar indicator is not displayed when the aircraft is inside or above the pipe.

[0021] When the range of the lower than pipeline height indication is between 0 and 10 m, the bar indicator displays yellow in proportion to the height;

[0022] When the height is ≥10m below the pipeline height indication, all columnar indicators will be yellow;

[0023] When the pipeline height indication is lower than the first threshold, all the bar indicators are displayed in red.

[0024] Optionally, the attitude information includes altitude;

[0025] The simplified display mode of altitude is altitude scale band; the altitude scale band includes: altitude color column, altitude reading, and scale band;

[0026] The altitude reading is the radio altimeter reading;

[0027] The measuring range of the scale tape is 0 to 1500m, and the marking scale is unevenly set, with the lower the altitude, the denser the scale;

[0028] The altitude color column is displayed on the scale according to the altitude reading. When the altitude reading exceeds the scale range, the altitude color column displays the maximum scale.

[0029] Optionally, the attitude information includes ascent and descent speed;

[0030] The simplified display mode of lifting speed is lifting speed scale band; the lifting speed scale band includes: lifting speed color column, lifting speed reading, and scale band;

[0031] The lifting speed reading is displayed in real time according to the actual value;

[0032] The measuring range of the scale tape is -15~15m / s, including four large intervals of equal length: -15m / s~-5m / s, -5m / s~0m / s, 0m / s~5m / s, 5m / s~15m / s, and the scale markings in each interval are evenly set;

[0033] The lifting speed color column is displayed on the scale tape according to the lifting speed reading. When the lifting speed reading exceeds the scale tape range, the lifting speed color column displays the maximum scale.

[0034] Optionally, the navigation includes: heading information; the attitude information includes: roll angle;

[0035] The simplified display mode of heading information is the heading indicator; the heading indicator includes heading reading, heading scale and inverted triangle indicator;

[0036] The heading scale is arc-shaped, ranging from 0-360°;

[0037] The inverted triangle indicator is fixed at the center and located outside the heading scale. The heading scale rolls so that the value indicated by the inverted triangle indicator on the heading scale is the heading reading.

[0038] The simplified display mode of the roll angle is the roll symbol; the roll symbol includes: a roll scale band, a white stripe and an equilateral triangle indicator;

[0039] The roll scale is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. The scale range is ±60°, and the scale at the inverted triangle indicator is 0 degrees.

[0040] The white strip is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. The starting point is 0 degrees and the end point is the roll angle. An equilateral triangle indicator is set at the end point of the white strip.

[0041] When the roll angle exceeds the roll scale range, the equilateral triangle indicator is hollow and stays at the scale limit position;

[0042] When the roll angle exceeds the roll scale range, the roll symbol also includes the roll angle reading, which is displayed below the equilateral triangle indicator.

[0043] Optionally, the navigation information includes a flight heading band, where the flight heading band=[should be flown heading-θ, should be flown heading+(δ+o)];

[0044] in,

[0045] tan(δ)=D / L;

[0046] Where R is the half width; D is the yaw distance; L is the distance between the two flight tubes in the integrated vision;

[0047] The simplified display of the flight heading band includes a starting point vertical line and an end point vertical line;

[0048] The starting and ending vertical lines are displayed on the heading scale.

[0049] A second aspect of the present invention provides a concise display device for a main flight picture based on visual interaction, which is displayed using a method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0050] Beneficial technical effects of this application:

[0051] The present invention proposes a method for concisely designing and displaying the main flight screen based on visual interaction, which simplifies the information display of the main flight page and automatically adjusts the flight position and pipeline display, so that the pilot can quickly perceive the flight environment and avoid obstacles, terrain, etc., so that the pilot can grasp the helicopter flight data information as unobstructed as possible within the optimal viewing angle during the flight, understand the terrain data, obstacles and other information, automatically adjust the flight position and pipeline display, and achieve coordination between the flight environment and the synthetic visual image, so that the pilot can perceive the surrounding environment more accurately and improve flight safety. It can significantly improve the information readability and operation convenience of the helicopter main flight screen, reduce the cognitive load of the pilot, and improve flight safety. At the same time, the method has good versatility and adaptability, and can be applied to helicopters of different models and different flight missions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the geometric figure of the calculation formula of the flight heading band in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the indicator symbol for the height below the pipeline in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a simplified height scale with symbols schematic diagram in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a simplified lifting speed symbol schematic diagram in the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the heading indicator / roll symbol in the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the main flight screen based on visual interaction in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The specific contents of the technical solution provided by the present invention are introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0059] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a method for displaying a concise design method of a main flight picture based on visual interaction, which is characterized by the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Mission requirements analysis: Conduct a detailed requirements analysis for various helicopter flight missions to determine the types of information that pilots are most concerned about, such as navigation, attitude, and system status;

[0061] Step 2: Information prioritization, according to the importance and urgency of flight information, the information is divided into different levels. Critical information such as self-instruction instructions, altitude, speed and heading information are given high priority and placed in the position most easily observed by the pilot, while other non-critical information is arranged according to its relative importance to the current flight stage;

[0062] Step 3: Information layout design, place high-priority information in a location that is easy for the pilot to capture, such as the center or upper area of ​​the instrument panel. For secondary information, a smaller font or icon can be used and placed in a secondary location;

[0063] Step 4: Simplify information presentation and remove unnecessary complexity. Use intuitive graphical interface elements instead of traditional text and scale displays. Dynamic graphic elements, such as sliders and color changes, can be used to indicate the changing trends of real-time data, thereby reducing the time and energy of pilots in interpreting information.

[0064] An exemplary, simplified information display includes the following:

[0065] a) The calculation formula for the flight heading band is:

[0066]

[0067] tan(δ)=D / L

[0068] The expected flight heading zone = [the expected flight heading - θ, the expected flight heading + (δ + o)].

[0069] Required flight heading zone: drawn based on the flight pipeline calculation and indicated by relative magenta vertical lines, indicating the required flight heading range.

[0070] b) Below the pipe height indication:

[0071] When the current position of the aircraft is lower than the bottom edge of the pipe, a yellow column indicator appears to indicate the trend that the current aircraft altitude is lower than the bottom edge of the pipe. The color column range is: 0-10m;

[0072] If the aircraft is in a tube, this indicator will not be displayed.

[0073] Below the pipe height indication = minimum ground clearance - actual terrain height of the helicopter

[0074] or=safety pipeline high altitude-helicopter high altitude

[0075] The minimum height above the ground indicates the lowest descent height under certain height safety tolerance conditions;

[0076] The actual terrain height of the helicopter indicates the height of the helicopter from obstacles;

[0077] The safety pipeline altitude indicates the height of the safety pipeline from the reference sea level;

[0078] Helicopter altitude indicates the height of the helicopter from the reference sea level;

[0079] When 0<lower than the pipeline height indication<10m, a yellow scale band is displayed in proportion to the height;

[0080] When the height indication is ≥10m below the pipeline, a fixed proportional scale band of 10m is displayed;

[0081] When the below-pipeline height indication > (minimum ground clearance - minimum obstacle clearance), that is, the actual terrain height of the helicopter ≤ the minimum obstacle clearance, the below-pipeline height indication changes to a red band.

[0082] c) The simplified height scale band symbol is:

[0083] The altitude scale tape contains the following elements: altitude color column, altitude reading, and scale tape.

[0084] The numerical display is fixed, and the color column rises and falls.

[0085] When the radio altimeter rises from low to high and exceeds the maximum value of 1500m, the value is displayed as it is, and the altitude color column remains at the 1500m scale;

[0086] Large interval, 0-100, 100-500, 500-1500; scales are unevenly distributed, among which 0-10m is marked with 1m per grid, 0, 5m, 10m; 10-100 is marked with 10m every grid; 100-500m, 20m per grid, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m; 500-1500m, 50m per grid, 750m, 1000m, 1250m, 1500m. Finally, only large intervals are displayed.

[0087] d) The simplified symbol for vertical speed is:

[0088] The lifting speed scale tape contains the following elements: lifting speed color column, lifting speed reading, and scale tape.

[0089] The display range is -15 to 15 m / s, and the display accuracy is 0.2 m / s. When the range exceeds the scale, the color column stays at the edge of the scale band;

[0090] The color column moves up and down on the scale to indicate the lifting speed;

[0091] Large interval, -15~-5, -5~0, 0~5, 5~15; scale is unevenly distributed, the length of 0-5m / s scale is twice that of 5-15m / s scale, and each grid of 0-5m / s represents 1;

[0092] When the lifting speed value exceeds the scale range, the value is displayed according to the actual value, and the lifting speed color column remains at the limit position;

[0093] e) The heading indicator / roll symbol is:

[0094] Current heading display: polygonal, white stroke, fixed display inside the heading pointer, fixed 3-digit display, high-order zero padding when less than three digits, green characters, display accuracy 1°, indicating the current heading value;

[0095] White strips indicate rolling trends;

[0096] The white equilateral triangle moves on the roll angle scale to indicate the current roll angle;

[0097] Inverted triangle: fixed in the middle of the scale band;

[0098] The heading scale indicates the current heading angle value, and the heading scale can be scrolled, ranging from 0-360°;

[0099] The roll scale indicates a roll of 0°, the roll scale is fixed, with negative values ​​on the left and positive values ​​on the right, and the value range is ±60, ±45, ±30, ±20, ±10, 0; when it exceeds the edge of the scale (±60°), the trend bar and the triangle (hollow) stay at the limit position, and the current roll value is displayed below the hollow triangle;

[0100] In order to guide the pilot to fly in the pipeline, the current heading value display symbol can be used to ensure that the pilot is within the range of the required heading band.

[0101] Step 5, space optimization, rationally utilize the space resources of the primary flight display to avoid information overload. By enlarging and highlighting key information, while using smaller size and fading technology to present secondary information, ensure that pilots can quickly identify and focus on the most important data;

[0102] Step 6, visual interaction design, the three-dimensional terrain reconstruction from the pilot's perspective is to construct a three-dimensional terrain scene with a navigation field of view of 40°×30° and a viewing distance greater than or equal to 5Km with the pilot as the viewpoint.

[0103] When reconstructing three-dimensional terrain, the three-dimensional terrain data is obtained from the pre-stored high-resolution database based on the three-dimensional position of the helicopter provided by the airborne avionics data, and the three-dimensional terrain is rendered according to the attitude information of the helicopter, and finally the three-dimensional terrain from the pilot's perspective is generated. At the same time, the three-dimensional flight pipeline is displayed on the three-dimensional terrain to intuitively display a forward channel for the pilot to enhance the pilot's effective visual search ability and provide the pilot with a time advance for the "next action". The safety pipeline technology has a vertical guidance function and can provide lateral, longitudinal and vertical position information at the same time. It is a three-dimensional program that ensures flight safety through pipeline boundaries.

Claims

1. A method for concisely displaying a main flight picture based on visual interaction, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Determine the display elements corresponding to the flight mission according to the flight mission; Step 2: Sort the display elements and determine the priority of each display element; Step 3: Arrange the display elements in the center and surrounding areas of the display instrument in order from high to low priority; The central area of ​​the display instrument is the area that is easy for the pilot to capture; Step 4: Use the preset simplified display method to display each information element.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determine the display elements corresponding to the flight mission according to the flight mission, including: When the flight mission is low-altitude flight, the display elements include: navigation information, attitude information, flight control mode information and obstacle information; When the flight mission is search, the display elements include: target information, sensor status, and map information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Attitude information includes indication of height below pipe level; Below pipeline height indication = minimum ground clearance - actual terrain height of helicopter, or below pipeline height indication = safe pipeline altitude - helicopter altitude; the first threshold is minimum ground clearance - minimum obstacle clearance margin; The minimum height above the ground indicates the lowest descent height under certain height safety tolerance conditions; The actual terrain height of the helicopter indicates the height of the helicopter from obstacles; The safety pipeline altitude indicates the height of the safety pipeline from the reference sea level; Helicopter altitude indicates the height of the helicopter from the reference sea level; The simplified display mode of the indication of the altitude below the pipe is a bar indicator to indicate the tendency of the current flight altitude to be below the bottom edge of the pipe. The bar indicator is displayed when the aircraft is below the pipe; the bar indicator is not displayed when the aircraft is inside or above the pipe. When the range of the lower than pipeline height indication is between 0 and 10 m, the bar indicator displays yellow in proportion to the height; When the height is ≥10m below the pipeline height indication, all column indicators will be yellow; When the pipeline height indication is lower than the first threshold, all the bar indicators are displayed in red.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Attitude information includes altitude; The simplified display mode of altitude is altitude scale band; the altitude scale band includes: altitude color column, altitude reading, and scale band; The altitude reading is the radio altimeter reading; The measuring range of the scale tape is 0 to 1500m, and the marking scale is unevenly set, with the lower the altitude, the denser the scale; The altitude color column is displayed on the scale according to the altitude reading. When the altitude reading exceeds the scale range, the altitude color column displays the maximum scale.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Attitude information includes vertical and horizontal speed; The simplified display mode of lifting speed is lifting speed scale band; The lifting speed scale tape includes: lifting speed color column, lifting speed reading, and scale tape; The lifting speed reading is displayed in real time according to the actual value; The measuring range of the scale tape is -15~15m / s, including four large intervals of equal length: -15m / s~-5m / s, -5m / s~0m / s, 0m / s~5m / s, 5m / s~15m / s, and the scale markings in each interval are evenly set; The lifting speed color column is displayed on the scale tape according to the lifting speed reading. When the lifting speed reading exceeds the scale tape range, the lifting speed color column displays the maximum scale.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Navigation includes: Heading information; Attitude information includes: roll angle; The simplified display mode of heading information is the heading indicator; the heading indicator includes heading reading, heading scale and inverted triangle indicator; The heading scale is arc-shaped, ranging from 0-360°; The inverted triangle indicator is fixed at the center and located outside the heading scale. The heading scale rolls so that the value indicated by the inverted triangle indicator on the heading scale is the heading reading. The simplified display mode of the roll angle is the roll symbol; the roll symbol includes: a roll scale band, a white stripe and an equilateral triangle indicator; The roll scale is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. The scale range is ±60°, and the scale at the inverted triangle indicator is 0 degrees. The white strip is arc-shaped and located inside the heading scale. The starting point is 0 degrees and the end point is the roll angle. An equilateral triangle indicator is set at the end point of the white strip. When the roll angle exceeds the roll scale range, the equilateral triangle indicator is hollow and stays at the scale limit position; When the roll angle exceeds the roll scale range, the roll symbol also includes the roll angle reading, which is displayed below the equilateral triangle indicator.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The navigation information includes the expected flight heading band, the expected flight heading band = [the expected flight heading - θ, the expected flight heading + (δ + σ)]; in, tan(δ′)=D / L; Where R is the half width; D is the yaw distance; L is the distance between the two flight tubes in the integrated vision; The simplified display of the flight heading band includes a starting point vertical line and an end point vertical line; The starting and ending vertical lines are displayed on the heading scale.

8. A simple display device for the main flight picture based on visual interaction, characterized in that: The display is performed using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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