Explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recovery based on gas circulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, and discloses an explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recovery based on gas circulation, the explosion-proof crushing device comprises a crushing main body, a crushing device and an inert gas circulation conveying system, the crushing main body is provided with a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism, and the crushing device divides the crushing main body into two parts; the gas inlet end of the inert gas circulating conveying system communicates with the crushing body through a plurality of branch pipes, the gas outlet end of the inert gas circulating conveying system communicates with the recycling part of the crushing body through a pipeline, the branch pipes extending into the dissipation part are connected with diffusion pipes fixed to an inner cavity of the crushing body, and a gas outlet channel is formed in the top of the crushing body. According to the device, stability of the concentration in inert gas circulation is achieved through the inert gas circulation system and the gas outlet channel capable of automatically exhausting gas, and meanwhile, the inert gas circulation system can also be matched with the diffusion pipe to gather waste gas at a source at the gas outlet channel; and the exhaust gas discharging speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular to an explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation. Background Art

[0002] After lithium batteries are scrapped, they generally need to be recycled. First, they need to be broken into smaller fragments using a crushing and recycling device. Then, magnetic separation, screening, density separation and other technologies are used to separate the battery fragments into different components and process them separately.

[0003] When waste lithium batteries are crushed, they must be carried out in a sealed container filled with inert gas to prevent the waste lithium batteries from burning or exploding during crushing. Usually, the gas generated by the crushed batteries is monitored during crushing to replenish and control the inert gas concentration in the entire device in real time. Although this method can effectively prevent the explosion of lithium batteries, a large number of electronic components and control systems need to be set up during the entire monitoring process, and the device is relatively complicated.

[0004] At the same time, some of the gas generated during the decomposition of the lithium battery will gather at the crushing end, and the crushing end is the main part where the lithium battery is crushed and chemical reactions occur. If the gathered gas cannot be quickly discharged, the concentration of inert gas at the crushing end will decrease, thereby increasing the possibility of explosion. The existing inert gas is relatively dispersed during replenishment and cannot effectively and quickly act on the crushing end, that is, the exhaust gas at the crushing end cannot quickly gather to the exhaust port during the inert gas replenishment process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing device needs to be equipped with a large number of electronic components and control systems during the entire monitoring process, the device is relatively complex, and the inert gas is relatively dispersed during replenishment, and cannot effectively and quickly act on the crushing end, that is, the exhaust gas at the crushing end cannot be quickly gathered to the exhaust port during the inert gas replenishment process.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation, comprising a crushing body and an inert gas circulation conveying system, wherein the crushing body is divided into a dissipation part and a recovery part by a crushing device arranged inside, and a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism are respectively installed on the dissipation part and the recovery part through an airtight device;

[0008] The inert gas circulation and delivery system is connected with the recovery part through an air inlet branch pipe and an air outlet branch pipe to form a gas circulation channel, wherein the air inlet branch pipe is connected with the escape part through a manifold, a diffusion pipe is arranged in the escape part, and the manifold is connected with the diffusion pipe to deliver the gas into the escape part, wherein the gas flow direction of the diffusion pipe is opposite to the material movement direction of the crushing body, thereby guiding the waste gas at the crushing device to gather at the top of the crushing body and reducing the waste gas concentration at the crushing device;

[0009] An air outlet channel is arranged on the top of the crushing body, and an air outlet is designed on the side wall of one end of the air outlet channel extending out of the top of the crushing body. An elastic piston member capable of automatically opening or closing the air outlet is arranged in the air outlet channel. When the pressure in the inner cavity of the crushing body increases, the elastic piston member can automatically drive the elastic piston member to open the air outlet, so as to automatically discharge the exhaust gas derived from the diffusion pipe from the air outlet, so as to maintain the stability of the inert gas concentration in the inner cavity of the crushing body.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the diffusion tube includes an inert gas conduit and a mixing tube, one end of the inert gas conduit is connected to a branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and delivery system, and the other end is connected to the mixing tube, and the mixing tube is a hollow tube body with openings at both ends;

[0011] A one-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the mixing tube, and the one-way valve is located below the inert gas conduit.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a boss protruding outward is fixed to the inner cavity of the mixing tube above the one-way valve, a gap is left between the boss and the inner cavity side wall of the mixing tube, the protrusion of the boss can block the inert gas transported by the inert gas conduit, and a through groove connected to the inner cavity of the inert gas conduit is opened at the center of the inner cavity of the boss.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, one end of the mixing tube facing the crushing device is configured to be in a trumpet shape open outwards.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the inner cavity of the air outlet channel is fixedly connected to a guide seat, a T-shaped guide rod is slidably connected to the guide seat, a sealing piston is connected to one end of the T-shaped guide rod facing the crushing body, and a compression spring sleeved on the T-shaped guide rod is connected between the sealing piston and the guide seat.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, when the compression spring is in an initial state, there is a sliding distance between the sealing piston and the air outlet.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a plurality of guide plates are staggeredly arranged on the inner cavity side walls of the feed tank located on the upper and lower sides of the crushing device, and the inclination angle of each guide plate is downward.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a plurality of guide plates are staggeredly arranged on both side walls of the inner cavity of the crushing body below the crushing device, and the inclination angle of each guide plate is downward.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an air storage cavity is provided in the inner cavity of each guide plate, and an air guide hole connected to the air storage cavity 14 is provided at the connection between the guide plate and the crushing body, and a plurality of air outlets connected to the air storage cavity are provided at one end of each guide plate facing the bottom of the crushing body, and the air guide holes are connected to a branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and conveying system.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The device achieves stability of the concentration of inert gas in the circulation through an inert gas circulation system and an automatically vented gas outlet channel, ensuring that the inert gas in the entire device is in a high concentration state, and the automatically vented gas outlet channel can automatically open the exhaust gas outlet according to the pressure change in the device, without the need for a monitoring mechanism, and has a simple structure. At the same time, the inert gas circulation system can also cooperate with the diffusion tube during the circulation to gather the exhaust gas at the source at the outlet channel to speed up the exhaust gas discharge, avoiding the exhaust gas from gathering at the working end of the device, and further avoiding explosion when the battery is broken.

[0021] At the same time, the circulation of the gas in the inert gas circulation system can also wrap the entire crushing device in the center of the circulation system. The gas in the inert gas circulation system can not only guide the exhaust gas above the crushing device to the top of the crushing device, but also form an air curtain under the crushing device to avoid the possibility of flying up and diffusing downwards, and then cooperate with the diffusion pipe to transport the exhaust gas more quickly, thereby reducing the exhaust gas concentration at the crushing device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle guide plate;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle air outlet channel;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the diffuser

[0028] The numbers in the figure represent the following:

[0029] 1. Crushing body; 2. Crushing device; 3. Inert gas circulation and conveying system; 4. Feeding mechanism; 5. Discharging mechanism; 6. Diffuser; 7. Gas outlet channel; 8. Gas outlet; 9. Elastic piston; 10. One-way valve; 11. Boss; 12. Through groove; 13. Guide plate; 14. Gas storage chamber; 15. Gas guide hole; 16. Gas outlet;

[0030] 61. Inert gas conduit; 62. Mixing tube;

[0031] 91. Sealing piston; 92. Compression spring; 93. Guide seat; 94. T-shaped guide rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1-5 As shown, an explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation includes a crushing body 1, a crushing device 2 and an inert gas circulation and conveying system 3. The crushing body 1 is provided with a feeding mechanism 4 and a discharging mechanism 5 sealed by a gas sealing device. The crushing device 2 divides the crushing body 1 into two parts, a dissipation part and a recovery part. The air inlet end of the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 is connected to the dissipation part and the recovery part respectively through a plurality of branch pipes. The air outlet end of the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 is connected to the recovery part of the crushing body 1 through a pipeline, so that the inert gas in the crushing body 1 and the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 can be circulated;

[0034] The branch pipe extending into the escape part is connected to a diffusion pipe 6 fixed in the inner cavity of the crushing body 1, one end of the diffusion pipe 6 faces the crushing body 1, and the other end faces the top of the crushing body 1. When the diffusion pipe 6 transports the inert gas in the branch pipe to the top of the crushing body 1, a negative pressure can be formed on the end of the diffusion pipe 6 facing the crushing body 1, so that the exhaust gas at the crushing device 2 is gathered at the top of the crushing body 1 through the diffusion pipe 6 and the exhaust gas concentration at the crushing device 2 is reduced;

[0035] An air outlet channel 7 is provided at the top of the crushing body 1. An air outlet 8 is designed on the side wall of one end of the air outlet channel 7 extending out of the top of the crushing body 1. An elastic piston member 9 which can automatically open or close the air outlet 8 is provided in the air outlet channel 7. When the pressure in the inner cavity of the crushing body 1 increases, the elastic piston member 9 can automatically drive the elastic piston member 9 to open the air outlet 8, so as to automatically discharge the exhaust gas derived from the diffusion pipe 6 from the air outlet 8, so as to maintain the stability of the inert gas concentration in the inner cavity of the crushing body 1.

[0036] The feeding mechanism 4 and the discharging mechanism 5 can both adopt belt conveyors or chain conveyors, and the crushing device is the existing technology, adopting the 2600 or 2000 double-shaft shredder produced by Yihao Mining Machinery Co., Ltd. or Jiulong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

[0037] During crushing, due to the presence of electrolyte, some chemical reactions may occur between the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery and the electrolyte under the forced crushing of the crushing device, and some gases are produced in these chemical reactions. The gas outlet channel 7 is located above the crushing body 1, and in actual crushing, the inert gas needs to be clearly distinguished from these gases. Therefore, the type of inert gas needs to be selected, and inert gas is preferred.

[0038] The device achieves stability of the concentration of inert gas in the circulation through an inert gas circulation system and an automatically vented gas outlet channel, ensuring that the inert gas in the entire device is in a high concentration state, and the automatically vented gas outlet channel can automatically open the exhaust gas outlet according to the pressure change in the device. At the same time, the inert gas circulation system can also cooperate with the diffusion tube during the circulation to gather the exhaust gas at the source at the outlet channel to speed up the exhaust gas discharge, avoid the exhaust gas from gathering at the working end of the device, and further avoid explosion when the battery is broken.

[0039] At the same time, the circulation of the gas in the inert gas circulation system can also wrap the entire crushing device in the center of the circulation system. The gas in the inert gas circulation system can not only guide the flying above the crushing device to the top of the crushing device, but also form an air curtain under the crushing device to avoid the possibility of the flying spreading downwards, and then cooperate with the diffusion pipe to transport the exhaust gas more quickly, thereby reducing the exhaust gas concentration at the crushing device.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 1-4As shown, the diffusion tube 6 includes an inert gas conduit 61 and a mixing tube 62. One end of the inert gas conduit 61 is connected to the branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and delivery system 3, and the other end is connected to the mixing tube 62. The mixing tube 62 is a hollow tube body with openings at both ends.

[0041] The inner cavity of the mixing tube 62 is connected to a one-way valve 10 , and the one-way valve 10 is located below the inert gas conduit 61 .

[0042] Among them, the one-way valve 10 can only guide the gas from one end of the mixing tube 62 toward the crushing device 2 to the end of the mixing tube 62 toward the top of the crushing body 1, and the inert gas generated in the inert gas duct 61 will not flow along the one-way valve 10 to the end of the mixing tube 62 toward the crushing device 2, thereby avoiding the interference of the inert gas generated in the inert gas duct 61.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, the inner cavity of the mixing tube 62 located above the one-way valve 10 is fixed with a boss 11 protruding outward, and a gap is left between the boss 11 and the inner cavity side wall of the mixing tube 62. The protrusion of the boss 11 can block the inert gas transported by the inert gas conduit 61, and a through groove 12 connected to the inner cavity of the inert gas conduit 61 is opened at the center of the inner cavity of the boss 11.

[0044] Furthermore, Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the end of the mixing pipe 62 facing the crushing device 2 is arranged in a trumpet shape open to the outside, so that the waste gas generated at the crushing device 2 can be guided out to a larger extent.

[0045] Once the exhaust gas is generated at the crushing device, the pressure and temperature in the inner cavity of the entire crushing body 1 will change, especially the pressure change. The elastic piston member 9 in the gas outlet channel 7 works by utilizing the pressure change.

[0046] Specifically, the elastic piston member 9 includes a sealing piston 91 and a compression spring 92. The inner cavity of the air outlet channel 7 is fixedly connected to a guide seat 93. A T-shaped guide rod 94 is slidably connected to the guide seat 93. The end of the T-shaped guide rod 94 facing the crushing body 1 is connected to the sealing piston 91. The compression spring 92 is connected between the sealing piston 91 and the guide seat 93, and the compression spring 92 is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rod 94.

[0047] Since the compression spring 92 itself has a certain elastic force, when the pressure increases, the accumulated exhaust gas will push the sealing piston 91 to slide along the inner cavity of the exhaust channel 7. During sliding, the compression spring 92 is squeezed and elastically deformed. At this time, the sealing piston 91 gradually fits with the exhaust port 8 during sliding until the exhaust port 8 is completely exposed. At this time, the exhaust gas will also be discharged until the inner cavity of the crushing body 1 is restored. The elastically deformed compression spring 92 drives the sealing piston 91 to reset. At this time, the entire crushing body 1 is still in a sealed state until the exhaust gas concentration in the crushing body 1 is too high, and the exhaust port 8 is opened here.

[0048] Further, such as Figure 1 and 4 As shown, when the compression spring 92 is in the initial state, there is a sliding gap between the sealing piston 91 and the gas outlet 8 .

[0049] This can avoid interference from inert gases and allow time for the inert gases to settle, ensuring that most of the exhausted gas is waste gas.

[0050] Since part of the crushed gas in the crushing device 2 may fall into the recovery part, the sinking gas is not convenient for the rapid discharge of the mixing tube 62. At the same time, inert gas is also introduced into the recovery part, and the filling of inert gas is reasonably utilized to hinder the sinking of the exhaust gas.

[0051] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of guide plates 13 are staggeredly arranged on both side walls of the inner cavity of the crushing body 1 below the crushing device 2, and the inclination angle of each guide plate 13 is downward.

[0052] The staggered and inclined guide plates 13 can prolong the contact time between the crushed lithium battery fragments and the inert gas, achieving a sufficient cooling effect. The guide plates 13 located below the crushing device 2 can also have the effect of turning the materials, avoiding the aggregation of the fragments, and thus being more conducive to the heat dissipation of the fragments.

[0053] Further, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inner cavity of each guide plate 13 is provided with an air storage cavity 14, and the connection between the guide plate 13 and the crushing body 1 is provided with an air guide hole 15 connected with the air storage cavity 14. Each guide plate 13 is provided with a plurality of air outlets 8 connected with the air storage cavity 14 at one end facing the bottom of the crushing body 1, and the air guide holes 15 are connected with the branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3.

[0054] Since there are multiple guide plates 13 arranged on the inner cavity side wall of the crushing body 1, the branch pipes in the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 can be connected with each gas guide hole 15 through a separately provided hose, as long as the inert gas in the branch pipes in the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 can be introduced into the inner cavity of each guide plate 13.

[0055] The staggered guide plates 13 can form an air curtain, effectively preventing the possibility of exhaust gas spreading downward. At the same time, the inert gas blown out of the guide plates 13 can not only take away the heat in the crushed materials, but also blow the crushed materials, so that the crushed materials fall into the discharging mechanism and are stratified, that is, they are distributed in different positions according to the different gravity of the crushed materials.

[0056] Since the gas outlet and gas inlet ends of the inert gas circulation and delivery system 3 are constantly circulating, the gas inlet speed and gas outlet speed of the inert gas circulation and delivery system 3 are roughly kept constant, and the gas outlet 8 can discharge part of the gas, which may contain a small amount of inert gas. At the same time, in the crushing chamber, it is necessary to fill the inert gas in the entire crushing body 1, so it is necessary to control each branch.

[0057] Among them, a control system can be set up and pre-set through a control program in the control system, and each branch in the inert gas circulation and delivery system 3 can be connected to a refrigeration system to reduce the temperature of the inert gas circulation, and corresponding control valves can also be set in each branch pipe, and the refrigeration system and the control valve are both regulated by a control system.

[0058] Working principle:

[0059] When the device is in use, the control system instructs the conveyor of the feeding mechanism 4 and the outlet of the discharging conveyor of the discharging mechanism 5 to be closed. At this time, the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3 is opened to introduce inert gas into the entire crushing body 1. The inert gas continuously flows into the crushing body 1. As the inert gas is filled, the amount of inert gas introduced can be set according to the opening condition of the elastic piston member 9 in the outlet channel 7. At this time, the control system closes the control valves on each branch and loads the material for crushing. Once the crushing generates exhaust gas, the exhaust gas generated will quickly gather at the top of the crushing body 1 under the transportation of the inert gas circulation and conveying system 3, and the gathered exhaust gas will automatically open the outlet 8 and be discharged.

[0060] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present application within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a crushing body (1) and an inert gas circulation and conveying system (3), wherein the crushing body (1) is divided into a dissipation part and a recovery part by a crushing device (2) arranged inside, and a feeding mechanism (4) and a discharging mechanism (5) are respectively installed on the dissipation part and the recovery part through an airtight device; The inert gas circulation and delivery system (3) is connected to the recovery part through an air inlet branch pipe and an air outlet branch pipe to form a gas circulation channel, wherein the air inlet branch pipe is connected to the escape part through a manifold, a diffusion pipe (6) is arranged in the escape part, and the manifold is connected to the diffusion pipe (6) to deliver the gas into the escape part, wherein the gas flow direction of the diffusion pipe (6) is opposite to the material movement direction of the crushing body (1), thereby guiding the waste gas at the crushing device (2) to gather at the top of the crushing body (1) and reducing the waste gas concentration at the crushing device (2); The top of the crushing body (1) is provided with an air outlet channel (7), and a side wall of one end of the air outlet channel (7) extending out of the top of the crushing body (1) is provided with an air outlet (8). An elastic piston member (9) capable of automatically opening or closing the air outlet (8) is provided in the air outlet channel (7). When the pressure in the inner cavity of the crushing body (1) increases, the elastic piston member (9) can automatically drive the elastic piston member (9) to open the air outlet (8), so as to automatically discharge the waste gas guided out of the diffusion pipe (6) from the air outlet (8), so as to maintain the stability of the inert gas concentration in the inner cavity of the crushing body (1).

2. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diffusion pipe (6) comprises an inert gas conduit (61) and a mixing pipe (62); one end of the inert gas conduit (61) is connected to a branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and delivery system (3), and the other end is communicated with the mixing pipe (62); the mixing pipe (62) is a hollow tube with openings at both ends; A one-way valve (10) is connected to the inner cavity of the mixing tube (62), and the one-way valve (10) is located below the inert gas conduit (61).

3. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A boss (11) protruding outward is fixed to the inner cavity of the mixing tube (62) located above the one-way valve (10), and a gap is left between the boss (11) and the inner cavity side wall of the mixing tube (62). The protrusion of the boss (11) can block the inert gas transported by the inert gas conduit (61), and a through groove (12) communicating with the inner cavity of the inert gas conduit (61) is provided at the center of the inner cavity of the boss (11).

4. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The end of the mixing tube (62) facing the crushing device (2) is arranged in a trumpet shape that is open outwards.

5. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic piston member (9) comprises a sealing piston (91) and a compression spring (92); the inner cavity of the air outlet channel (7) is fixedly connected to a guide seat (93); a T-shaped guide rod (94) is slidably connected to the guide seat (93); one end of the T-shaped guide rod (94) facing the crushing body (1) is connected to the sealing piston (91); the compression spring (92) is connected between the sealing piston (91) and the guide seat (93), and the compression spring (92) is sleeved on the T-shaped guide rod (94).

6. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: When the compression spring (92) is in the initial state, there is a sliding distance between the sealing piston (91) and the air outlet (8).

7. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of guide plates (13) are arranged alternately on both side walls of the inner cavity of the crushing body (1) below the crushing device (2), and the inclination angle of each guide plate (13) is downward.

8. The explosion-proof crushing device for lithium battery recycling based on gas circulation according to claim 7 is characterized in that: An air storage cavity (14) is provided in the inner cavity of each guide plate (13); an air guide hole (15) communicating with the air storage cavity 14 is provided at the connection between the guide plate (13) and the crushing body (1); a plurality of air outlet holes (16) communicating with the air storage cavity (14) are provided at one end of each guide plate (13) facing the bottom of the crushing body (1); and the air guide hole (15) is connected to a branch pipe in the inert gas circulation and conveying system (3).

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