Freeze injury prevention optimal input-output ratio planting method for Baisha loquats

Abstract

The invention discloses a white sand loquat anti-freezing input-output ratio optimal planting method. The method comprises the steps of fruit tree pruning, wherein overdense branches, drooping branches and branches suffering from diseases and pests are pruned, and fruiting branches and spindling branches are cut back; heavy application of organic fertilizer: applying fertilizer to young trees 5-6 times every year, 2 months every time, and applying fertilizer to adult trees 3-4 times every year; irrigating: irrigating before freezing injury comes; bagging: early maturing loquats are bagged at the beginning of January, fruits are thinned before bagging, 2-3 spikes are reserved on each spike, diseased fruits, small fruits and dense fruits are removed, and fruits with expanded middle parts and round tops are reserved; before bagging, thiophanate methyl and pyrethroid pesticides are sprayed for 1-2 times, and 2-3 leaves close to clusters are all bagged in the bagging process; bagging and non-woven fabric: tightly wrapping the trunk and the main branches with the non-woven fabric; bagging and tree trunk whitening: whitening the tree body by using a whitening agent containing water and quick lime; spraying an anti-freezing agent, namely spraying the anti-freezing agent before bagging, and after one week, removing the bags and spraying an unfreezing agent. The cold-proof and anti-freezing method is easy to popularize, low in cost and high in efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, and in particular to a planting method with an optimal input-output ratio for preventing Baisha loquat from freezing damage. Background Art

[0002] Loquat not only tastes delicious, but also can relieve cough and reduce phlegm, promote the production of body fluid and quench thirst. Its flowers can be used as medicine and have certain medicinal value. Loquat matures in winter and spring when there are fewer fruits and the climate is dry, so the market price is relatively high.

[0003] Winter orchard frost damage is a type of agricultural meteorological disaster, that is, low temperatures below 0°C cause ice to form inside the crops, causing damage to fruit trees. The parts of fruit trees that are prone to frost damage are the root collar, cortex, annual branches and flower buds. Orchard frost damage causes great losses to the fruit industry. Loquat is an evergreen fruit tree of the genus Eriobotrya in the Rosaceae family. It blooms and bears fruit in winter and matures and is harvested in early summer. It is highly sensitive to temperature.

[0004] The conventional loquat frost prevention cultivation and management techniques nowadays mainly include: planting in the right place according to local conditions; breeding cold-resistant varieties; using methods such as setting up windbreaks, whitewashing, grass wrapping, covering, and spraying antifreeze agents on the crown; using heating, blowing, fumigation, artificial rainfall, water spraying or foliar fertilization to improve the microclimate cultivation of orchard frost. These loquat frost prevention technologies have different effects on loquat results in actual production, and the costs are different, and the output-input ratio varies greatly.

[0005] Loquat is the largest fruit industry in Dongshan District, Suzhou, and the main source of income for local residents. In recent years, due to natural disasters such as low temperature and frost damage during the winter flowering period of loquat, the production of loquat has dropped significantly, seriously affecting the economic benefits of fruit farmers and greatly restricting the development of the loquat industry.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides a planting method with an optimal input-output ratio for preventing frost damage of Baisha loquats. Aiming at the problem that low temperature in Dongshan area of ​​Suzhou causes frost damage during the flowering period of loquats, affects the fruit setting rate, and seriously reduces production, a variety of cold and frost prevention measures are put into production tests. By comparing the effects of different cold and frost prevention measures on the results of loquats and their input-output ratio, a cold and frost prevention method with better effect, simple and easy operation, and low cost is screened out, in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and efficient supporting cultivation of loquats. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to provide a Baisha loquat planting method with an optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage, so as to fill the gap in the current technology.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] Before the winter frost damage comes, the first thing to do is to standardize planting and improve the tree's resistance to stress.

[0010] Winter is the dormant period for loquat trees. During this period, it is necessary to do a good job in fruit tree shaping and pruning, apply organic fertilizer, protect the trees, and clean the garden in winter to strengthen the trees and improve their resistance to adversity, so that they can survive safely when frost damage comes.

[0011] Specifically, the present invention provides a Baisha loquat planting method with an optimal input-output ratio for preventing frost damage, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) Fruit tree pruning;

[0013] (2) Apply fertilizer in time and apply more organic fertilizer;

[0014] (3) Watering;

[0015] (4) Bagging;

[0016] (5) Add non-woven fabric to wrap the trunk and main branches on the basis of bagging;

[0017] (6) Add whitewashing to the tree body on the basis of bagging;

[0018] (7) Spray antifreeze.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the fruit tree pruning needs to remove branches including but not limited to: overcrowded branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, shortened fruiting branches and overgrown branches.

[0020] In the above technical scheme, by pruning fruit trees and controlling tree height and crown width, the ventilation and light conditions inside the tree are improved, and the effective fruiting branches of the loquat tree are increased; at the same time, the diseased and damaged parts on the ground are cleared, the garden is cleaned in time, and they are burned in a centralized manner.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the tree species to be fertilized include but are not limited to: young trees and adult trees; the young trees are trees of 1 to 5 years old, and the adult trees are trees of 5 to 20 years old; the amount of fertilizer applied to the adult trees is 2 to 5 times the amount of fertilizer applied to the young trees; the young trees are fertilized 5 to 6 times a year, with an interval of 2 months between each application; and the adult trees are fertilized 3 to 4 times a year.

[0022] Furthermore, young trees should be fertilized with more nitrogen fertilizer, and mature trees should increase the ratio of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Here, it is necessary to pay attention to the fertilizer ratio. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement but the quality is poor. Too much potassium fertilizer will increase the acid content of the fruit and make the flesh rough and hard. In the embodiments of the present invention, Dongshan loquat planting areas are mostly mountainous areas. The application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be controlled at 4:2:3, and appropriate amounts of calcium fertilizers and magnesium fertilizers need to be applied. The amount of chemical fertilizers applied can also be reduced by increasing the application of organic fertilizers to improve the quality of the fruit.

[0023] In the above-mentioned technology, the weather conditions should be paid attention to in a timely manner during the irrigation process, and the ground temperature should be kept stable through irrigation in advance before the onset of frost damage.

[0024] Preferably, in step (4), early-maturing loquats are bagged in early January. Areas with frost can also be bagged in advance. Before bagging, the fruits are thinned out to keep only 2 to 3 branches per ear, and diseased fruits, small fruits and densely packed fruits are removed, leaving only the fruits with a swollen and slightly rounded middle part.

[0025] Preferably, in step (4), 1-2 times of thiophanate-methyl and pyrethroid pesticides are sprayed all over the fruit before bagging to prevent the fruit from diseases and insect pests; the bagging paper bag material is a water-resistant paper bag; during the bagging process, 2-3 leaves close to the fruit ear are put into the paper bag to prevent the paper bag from touching the fruit surface and causing sunburn and insect pests.

[0026] Preferably, in step (5), non-woven fabric is added to wrap the trunk and main branches on the basis of the bagging in step (4). During the process of wrapping the tree body with the non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric is wrapped around the trunk and main branches to ensure complete coverage without leaving any dead corners; during the wrapping process, the non-woven fabric is tightly attached to the tree body to avoid wrinkles or looseness.

[0027] Preferably, in step (6), part of the tree body is whitewashed on the basis of bagging in step (4), and the whitewashing method is to brush a whitewashing agent, wherein the whitewashing agent is a whitewashing agent containing water and quicklime, and the tree body is whitewashed to reduce the fruit tree's absorption of heat and delay the flowering period of the fruit tree.

[0028] Preferably, in step (7), antifreeze is sprayed before bagging, and thawing agent is sprayed after one week after the frost has passed and the bags are removed.

[0029] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0030] Aiming at the problem that low temperature in Dongshan area of ​​Suzhou causes frost damage during the flowering period of loquats, affects the fruit setting rate and seriously reduces the yield, the present invention puts a variety of cold and frost prevention measures into production tests, and screens out cold and frost prevention methods with better effects and low costs by comparing the effects of different cold and frost prevention measures on loquat results and their output-investment ratio, so as to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and efficient supporting cultivation of loquats. The method of the present invention is a cold and frost prevention measure that is easy to promote, low-cost and highly efficient. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, a specific implementation scheme is now described in detail.

[0032] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The implementation conditions used in the examples can be further adjusted according to the different requirements of specific use, and the implementation conditions not indicated are conventional conditions in the industry. The technical features involved in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a preparation method and application of a fortified bio-organic fertilizer for inhibiting tomato bacterial wilt, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Pruning fruit trees: When pruning fruit trees, it is necessary to remove dense branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, short-cut fruiting branches, and long branches. By pruning and controlling the tree height and crown width, the ventilation and light conditions in the tree body are improved, and the effective fruiting branches of the loquat tree are increased. At the same time, the diseased and damaged branches on the ground are cleared, the garden is cleared in time, and they are burned in a centralized manner.

[0036] (2) Apply fertilizers in time and focus on organic fertilizers: Young trees (1 to 5 years old) should be given more nitrogen fertilizers; mature trees (5 to 20 years old) should have an increased ratio of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Dongshan loquat planting areas are mostly mountainous areas, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers can be controlled at 4:2:3, and appropriate amounts of calcium and magnesium fertilizers need to be applied. The amount of chemical fertilizers can also be reduced by increasing the application of organic fertilizers to improve fruit quality. Young trees should be fertilized 6 times a year, with a 2-month interval between each application; mature trees should be fertilized 3 times a year.

[0037] (3) Irrigation: Pay attention to weather conditions in a timely manner and keep the ground temperature stable by irrigating in advance before frost damage occurs;

[0038] (4) Bagging: Early-maturing loquats are bagged in early January. Fruit thinning is performed before bagging, with only three branches left per ear. Diseased, small, and densely packed fruits are removed, with the middle-swollen and slightly rounded fruits retained.

[0039] Before bagging, spray thiophanate-methyl and pyrethroid pesticides twice to prevent the fruit from diseases and insect pests; use water-resistant paper bags for bagging; put the three leaves close to the ear into the paper bag to prevent the paper bag from touching the fruit surface and causing sunburn and insect pests;

[0040] (5) Add non-woven fabric to wrap the trunk and main branches on the basis of bagging, and wrap the non-woven fabric around the trunk and main branches to ensure complete coverage without leaving any dead corners; during the wrapping process, make the non-woven fabric fit the tree tightly to avoid wrinkles or looseness;

[0041] (6) Add whitewashing to the trunk in addition to bagging; use a whitewashing agent containing water and quicklime to whiten the tree body, reduce the heat absorption of the fruit tree, and delay the flowering period of the fruit tree;

[0042] (7) Spraying antifreeze: spray antifreeze before bagging. After the frost is over, remove the bags and spray thawing agent one week later.

[0043] On the basis of the above steps, this embodiment uses loquat from Dongshan Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City as the material. Starting from early November 2023, 8 treatments are set, namely: CK (blank control), non-woven fabric treatment (deployed in November), fruit bagging treatment (flowering and fruiting period), antifreeze spraying treatment (3 days before and after low temperature), cold-proof cloth treatment (deployed in December), whitening agent + antifreeze treatment, bagging + non-woven fabric treatment, bagging + whitening agent treatment, and the freezing damage is counted in March of the following year:

[0044] Fruit freezing rate (%) = (number of frozen fruits * 100) / total number of fruits

[0045] After antifreeze treatment, the effects of each antifreeze treatment were significantly better than the control. The loquat fruit setting rate of the bagging + non-woven fabric treatment was the highest, reaching 67.79%, which was 1.04 times that of the control. The second was the bagging + whitening agent treatment and the bagging treatment, with fruit setting rates of 62.39% and 59.61% respectively. It can be seen that the bagging treatment can significantly improve the fruit setting rate of loquat fruit. The worst effect was the non-woven fabric wrapping tree treatment, which may be due to the fact that the non-woven fabric alone wrapped the tree, which had little effect on the flower spike; the comparison of the input costs of different antifreeze treatments is shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] deal with Loquat fruit setting rate Average input cost (yuan / plant) Loquat fruit setting rate difference / input cost difference CK 0.33 0 Nonwoven fabric processing 0.53 4 0.05 Cold-proof cloth treatment 0.57 35 0.007 Antifreeze treatment 0.56 0.1 2.3 Bagging 0.60 1 0.27 Whitening agent + antifreeze treatment 0.58 1.1 0.227 Bagging + non-woven fabric treatment 0.68 5 0.07 Bagging + whitening agent treatment 0.62 2 0.145

[0048] It can be seen from Table 1 that there are significant differences in the input costs of different antifreeze treatments. Among them, the input cost of the cold-proof cloth treatment is the highest, which is 35 yuan / plant, but the loquat fruit setting rate is not the highest, and its economic benefit is poor. Because the cold-proof cloth covers the tree body, the cold-proof cloth is in direct contact with the tree body, and the contact surface is moist, resulting in inflorescence rot; the input cost of antifreeze is relatively low, which is 0.1 yuan / plant, and the loquat fruit setting rate is increased by 69.70% compared with the control. Its economic benefit is relatively good, but its cold-proof effect under continuous low temperature remains to be verified. Among them, bagging treatment is a more ideal cold-proof measure, and the cost is also relatively low. The cost of bagging for a single plant is 1 yuan / plant, and superimposing non-woven fabrics and whitening agent treatments on bagging treatment can effectively improve the loquat fruit setting rate.

[0049] In summary, the present invention aims at the problem that low temperature in Dongshan area of ​​Suzhou causes frost damage to loquat during flowering period, affects fruit setting rate and seriously reduces production. A variety of cold and frost prevention measures are put into production tests, and by comparing the effects of different cold and frost prevention measures on loquat results and their output-input ratio, a cold and frost prevention method with better effect and low cost is screened out, in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and efficient supporting cultivation of loquats. The method of the present invention is an easy-to-promote, low-cost and high-efficiency cold and frost prevention measure.

[0050] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the preferred implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A Baisha loquat planting method with an optimal input-output ratio for preventing frost damage, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Fruit tree pruning; (2) Apply fertilizers in a timely manner and apply more organic fertilizers; (3) Watering; (4) Bagging; (5) Add non-woven fabric to wrap the trunk and main branches on the basis of bagging; (6) Add whitewashing to the tree body on the basis of bagging; (7) Spray antifreeze.

2. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the fruit tree pruning needs to remove branches including but not limited to: overcrowded branches, drooping branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, shortened fruiting branches and overgrown branches.

3. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the tree species to be fertilized include: young trees and adult trees; the young trees are trees aged 1 to 5 years, and the adult trees are trees aged 5 to 20 years; the amount of fertilizer applied to the adult trees is 2 to 5 times the amount of fertilizer applied to the young trees; the young trees are fertilized 5 to 6 times a year, with an interval of 2 months between each application; and the adult trees are fertilized 3 to 4 times a year.

4. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the early-maturing loquats are bagged in early January, and the fruits are thinned out before bagging, with only 2 to 3 branches remaining per ear, and diseased fruits, small fruits and densely grown fruits are removed, leaving only the swollen fruits in the middle.

5. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), 1-2 times of thiophanate-methyl and pyrethroid pesticides are sprayed all over the fruit before bagging; the bagging paper bag material is a water-resistant paper bag; during the bagging process, 2-3 leaves close to the ear are put into the paper bag.

6. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), non-woven fabric is added to wrap the trunk and main branches on the basis of bagging. During the process of wrapping the tree body with the non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric is wrapped around the trunk and main branches to ensure complete coverage without leaving dead corners; during the wrapping process, the non-woven fabric is tightly attached to the tree body.

7. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the tree body is partially whitened on the basis of bagging. The whitening method is to brush a whitening agent containing water and quicklime to whiten the tree body.

8. The Baisha loquat planting method with optimal input-output ratio for preventing freezing damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), antifreeze agent needs to be sprayed before bagging, and thawing agent is sprayed after the bagging is removed after the frost has passed.