Atomic transition frequency measurement method, device, equipment, medium and program product

Abstract

The invention provides an atomic transition frequency measurement method, device and equipment, a medium and a program product, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient atomic transition frequency measurement precision in related technologies. The method comprises the steps that an atomic system in an atomic clock is preprocessed, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapping state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system in a first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; in a second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the amplitude of the first pulse is controlled to be reduced to meet a magnetic field intensity threshold value required by free evolution of the atomic system; applying a second pulse to the atomic system in a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; and measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency. According to the invention, the traditional microwave or radio frequency pulse is replaced by the alternating magnetic field pulse, so that the scanning range is obviously expanded, the frequency discrimination sensitivity is improved, and the measurement precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of atomic clock technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment, medium and program product for measuring atomic transition frequency. Background Art

[0002] In the process of realizing atomic clocks, the scanning range of traditional microwave pulses is limited by the resonance bandwidth of the cavity (usually ±100 Hz), resulting in insufficient contrast of interference fringes (usually less than 60%). Ramsey interference fringes are an important means for accurately measuring atomic transition frequencies. The traditional Ramsey method generally achieves coherent operations on atomic systems by setting a free evolution time between two traditional microwave or radio frequency pulses. However, the scanning range of this method is small, resulting in low accuracy in measuring atomic transition frequencies based on the generated Ramsey interference fringes. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, equipment, medium and program product for measuring atomic transition frequency to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring atomic transition frequency based on generated Ramsey interference fringes in the related art.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring atomic transition frequency, comprising: Preprocessing an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; Applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity that meets the requirement of free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0005] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for measuring atomic transition frequency, comprising: A first processing module is used to pre-process the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapped state; A second processing module is used to apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; A third processing module is used to control the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field intensity threshold that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; a fourth processing module, configured to apply a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; A measuring module, used for measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0006] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor; the processor is used to read the program in the memory to implement the steps of the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above are implemented.

[0008] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, comprising computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for measuring the atomic transition frequency as described in the first aspect above.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned method for measuring the atomic transition frequency includes: preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; wherein at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse. Through the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method, the first Ramsey interference fringes can be generated by using alternating magnetic field pulses to replace or partially replace traditional microwave or radio frequency pulses, so that the scanning range can be widened and high-contrast, high-precision first Ramsey interference fringes can be obtained. Then, the atomic transition frequency can be measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the atomic transition frequency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0011] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring atomic transition frequency provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an atomic transition frequency measuring device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0013] In the embodiments of the present application, a method, device, equipment, medium and program product for measuring atomic transition frequency are proposed to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring atomic transition frequency based on generated Ramsey interference fringes in related technologies.

[0014] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring atomic transition frequency provided in an embodiment of the present application, the flow chart includes preprocessing, pulse application, free evolution and interference fringe generation steps, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: Step 101: pre-processing an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapped state.

[0015] In this step, the atomic system in the above-mentioned atomic clock includes atoms of a specific type. The above-mentioned preprocessing of the atomic system in the atomic clock can be to select atoms suitable for producing fine energy level transitions, such as rubidium-87 or cesium-133, etc., encapsulate these atoms in an air chamber or a vacuum cavity, and then preprocess the atoms to ensure that the atoms are in a relatively pure and stable environment.

[0016] The above-mentioned coherent population trapping (CPT) is a dark state formed by laser coupling of the ground state energy level. This state is formed by a linear combination of multiple ground states and excited states, allowing atoms to maintain a fixed relationship between two low energy levels without jumping to a higher excited state.

[0017] Specifically, the steps of pre-processing the atoms may include, but are not limited to, laser light pumping, temperature stabilization, and magnetic shielding. It is understood that laser light pumping can be the use of lasers of a specific wavelength to selectively excite atoms, driving most atoms into a target quantum state, usually achieved by adjusting the laser intensity and frequency; temperature stabilization can be the use of laser cooling technology to cool atoms to near absolute zero, or temperature control equipment can be used to maintain a constant temperature in the environment to reduce the impact of thermal motion; magnetic shielding can be the use of highly permeable magnetic materials or specially designed magnetic shielding boxes to shield external magnetic field interference and ensure that the magnetic environment of the atoms is stable.

[0018] Step 102: Apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence. Exemplarily, the first time window is 10 ms, the second time window is 50 ms, and the third time window is 10 ms.

[0019] In this step, the first Ramsey sequence can be understood as a pulse sequence, which consists of two pulses and an intermediate free evolution time. The first pulse can be a pulse generated by an alternating magnetic field or a microwave pulse.

[0020] Step 103: Control the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a magnetic field strength threshold that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence.

[0021] In this step, the atoms in the above atomic system are in a free evolution state, and the phase develops with the energy level difference of the atoms. The atomic system maintains a stable environment in the external magnetic shield.

[0022] Step 104: Apply a second pulse to the atomic system within the third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes.

[0023] In this step, there is a specific phase difference between the second pulse and the first pulse.

[0024] It is understood that by applying a second pulse to the atomic system to perform a coherent operation of π / 2 or other preset angles, a second interference effect on the atomic state is achieved. The atoms are prepared to different quantum states by applying pulses, and as the free evolution time changes, the phase difference between these states will lead to the formation of interference fringes.

[0025] Step 105: measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0026] It can be understood that since the atomic transition frequency directly affects the accumulated phase of the atom in different states, the atomic phase information can be extracted based on the intensity and position of the first Ramsey interference fringes, and then the atomic transition frequency can be measured. The above-mentioned target atomic transition frequency can be the atomic transition frequency corresponding to the atoms in the atomic system.

[0027] In this step, when one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the other may be a microwave pulse. Specifically, a conventional microwave cavity or radio frequency antenna may be used to generate microwave pulses, and the alternating magnetic field may be used in conjunction with the conventional microwave cavity or radio frequency antenna to form a hybrid coupling driving strategy. In microwave band measurements with high sensitivity requirements, the alternating magnetic field may be used to provide an auxiliary verification signal.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned method for measuring the atomic transition frequency includes: preprocessing the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field strength threshold required for the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; wherein at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse. Through the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method, the first Ramsey interference fringes can be generated by using alternating magnetic field pulses to replace or partially replace traditional microwave or radio frequency pulses, so that the scanning range can be widened and high-contrast, high-precision first Ramsey interference fringes can be obtained. Then, the atomic transition frequency can be measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the atomic transition frequency.

[0029] It should be noted that when the first pulse and the second pulse are both alternating magnetic field pulses, a microwave cavity or a complex radio frequency system may not be used, which reduces the energy consumption and volume of the equipment. It is possible to reduce the complete dependence on traditional microwave cavities or radio frequency pulses while retaining the high-precision measurement characteristics of the Ramsey sequence, thereby improving the flexibility, compactness and accuracy of the atomic clock system. This method is applicable to miniaturized atomic clocks, satellite navigation systems and quantum sensing fields. Optionally, the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, and before the atomic transition frequency is measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Applying a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity required for free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Applying a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate second Ramsey interference fringes; The step of measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: determining a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, and determining a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringes; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

[0030] It can be understood that the time window interval between the second Ramsey sequence and the first Ramsey sequence is T, where T is an integer multiple of the atomic free evolution time.

[0031] In this embodiment, when the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method can generate the first Ramsey interference fringes and the second Ramsey interference fringes respectively by independently controlling the relative phase and time sequence of the microwave pulse and the alternating magnetic field pulse, and obtain the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency respectively, and then determine the target atomic transition frequency, thereby further improving the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency, and realizing multi-mode interference signal detection, thereby improving the anti-interference ability and accuracy of the atomic system in an interference environment.

[0032] Optionally, the measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency includes: Acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringes by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the atomic phase information.

[0033] Specifically, the optical detection can be to irradiate a group of atoms with laser light, and extract atomic phase information by absorbing, emitting or scattering light intensity changes; the radio frequency resonance detection can be to use the radio frequency signal to interact with the atoms resonantly, and analyze the signal changes under the resonance to obtain atomic phase information; the magnetic resonance detection can be to apply an alternating magnetic field to drive the spin state changes in the atoms, and detect their responses to obtain atomic phase information. Based on the atomic phase information, the target atomic transition frequency can be calculated using quantum mechanics formulas.

[0034] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method can obtain an interference pattern with higher contrast by adopting at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection, thereby improving the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency.

[0035] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; Using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within a third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; A programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0036] Specifically, a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator may be used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulses to stabilize the frequency when performing fine scanning near the resonance frequency of the atomic transition.

[0037] It is understandable that the amplitude, phase and center frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse can be compensated and corrected in real time according to factors such as ambient temperature, magnetic field disturbance and atomic gas chamber drift.

[0038] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method controls the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator, and controls the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator (AWG) or a digital signal processing (DSP) circuit to achieve precise amplitude and phase output, and by adjusting the frequency, phase and amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, it is possible to achieve precise matching of the atomic transition frequency, improve the stability and contrast of the Ramsey sequence, perform multiple coherent operations on the atomic system, enhance the adjustability and contrast of the interference fringes, and thus improve the accuracy of measuring the target atomic transition frequency.

[0039] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structure antenna.

[0040] Specifically, changes in the alternating current transmitted through the coil or the micro-nanostructure antenna can induce corresponding changes in the magnetic field to generate alternating magnetic field pulses.

[0041] Optionally, after measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Performing fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast; generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast; updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse; The target atomic transition frequency is updated based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0042] Specifically, the above parameters include at least one of amplitude, phase and frequency. The above generation of the feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast may be based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast to perform maximum contrast response peak or center transition frequency detection, determine the maximum contrast and center transition frequency, and generate a feedback signal, and the feedback signal may be fed back to the alternating magnetic field modulation unit or the atomic clock control module to achieve automatic locking.

[0043] It should be noted that the optimal Ramsey interference fringe contrast can be obtained by adjusting the pulse width, amplitude threshold and frequency scanning step of the alternating magnetic field; repeatedly measuring the frequency stability and noise characteristics of the atomic clock output signal to evaluate the long-term stability of the system; and further optimizing the alternating magnetic field generating unit, magnetic shielding effect and data processing algorithm based on the test results to continuously improve the time and frequency measurement accuracy.

[0044] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method generates a feedback signal through the interference fringe frequency and the contrast, adjusts the parameters of the first pulse and the second pulse, and updates the target atomic transition frequency, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the atomic clock.

[0045] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an atomic transition frequency measuring device provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the atomic transition frequency measuring device 200 includes: A first processing module 201 is used to pre-process the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapped state; A second processing module 202 is used to apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; A third processing module 203 is used to control the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field intensity threshold that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; A fourth processing module 204 is used to apply a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; A measuring module 205 is used to measure the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0046] Optionally, the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, and the device further comprises: a fifth processing module, configured to apply a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence; a sixth processing module, configured to control the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to a magnetic field intensity threshold value that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence; a seventh processing module, configured to apply a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate second Ramsey interference fringes; The measuring module comprises: a first determining unit, configured to determine a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, and to determine a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringes; The second determining unit is configured to determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

[0047] Optionally, the measurement module includes: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringes by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection; The third determining unit is used to determine the target atomic transition frequency based on the atomic phase information.

[0048] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the device further comprises: A first control module, used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator; A second control module, used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, the device further comprises: A third control module, used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator; The fourth control module is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse by using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit.

[0049] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structure antenna.

[0050] Optionally, the device further comprises: An acquisition module, used for performing fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast; A generating module, used for generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast; a first updating module, configured to update the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and to update the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse; The second updating module is used to update the target atomic transition frequency based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0051] It should be noted that the atomic transition frequency measurement device provided in the embodiment of the present application is a device capable of executing the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method, and all implementations in the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method embodiment are applicable to the device and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects. To avoid repeated description, this embodiment will not be repeated.

[0052] The present application also provides an electronic device. Figure 3 The structural diagram of the electronic device indicates the functional connection of the processor, memory and program modules. The electronic device may include a processor 301, a memory 302 and a program 3021 stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor 301.

[0053] When the program 3021 is executed by the processor 301, it can achieve Figure 1 Any step in the corresponding method embodiment. Specifically, when the program 3021 is executed by the processor 301, the following steps can be implemented: Preprocessing an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; Applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity that meets the requirement of free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0054] Optionally, the first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses, and before the atomic transition frequency is measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Applying a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity required for free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Applying a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate second Ramsey interference fringes; The step of measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: determining a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, and determining a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringes; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

[0055] Optionally, the measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: Acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringes by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the atomic phase information.

[0056] Optionally, when the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; Using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within a third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; A programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse.

[0057] Optionally, the alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structure antenna.

[0058] Optionally, after measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Performing fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast; generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast; updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse; The target atomic transition frequency is updated based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

[0059] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, each process of the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method embodiment is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0060] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned atomic transition frequency measurement method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, they are not repeated here.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0062] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0063] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring atomic transition frequency, characterized in that: include: Preprocessing an atomic system in an atomic clock so that atoms in the atomic system are in a coherently populated trapped state; Applying a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity that meets the requirement of free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; Applying a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; Measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes to obtain the target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first pulse and the second pulse are alternating magnetic field pulses. Before the atomic transition frequency is measured based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Applying a first microwave pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a second Ramsey sequence, so that atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Controlling the amplitude of the first microwave pulse to decrease to a threshold value of magnetic field intensity required for free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the second Ramsey sequence; Applying a second microwave pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the second Ramsey sequence to generate second Ramsey interference fringes; The step of measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: determining a first atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringes, and determining a second atomic transition frequency based on the second Ramsey interference fringes; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the first atomic transition frequency and the second atomic transition frequency.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency includes: Acquire atomic phase information corresponding to atoms in the atomic system from the first Ramsey interference fringes by using at least one of optical detection, radio frequency resonance detection and magnetic resonance detection; The target atomic transition frequency is determined based on the atomic phase information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that In the case where the first pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the first pulse to the atomic system within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; Using a programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse; In the case where the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse, before applying the second pulse to the atomic system within a third preset time window of the first Ramsey sequence, the method further includes: A phase-locked loop or a crystal oscillator is used to control the frequency of the alternating magnetic field pulse; A programmable waveform generator or a digital signal processing circuit is used to control the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field pulse.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The alternating magnetic field pulse is generated by a coil or a micro-nano structure antenna.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that After measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the target atomic transition frequency, the method further includes: Performing fast Fourier transform or linear fitting based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain the interference fringe frequency and contrast; generating a feedback signal based on the interference fringe frequency and the contrast; updating the parameters corresponding to the first pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a first target pulse, and updating the parameters corresponding to the second pulse based on the feedback signal to obtain a second target pulse; The target atomic transition frequency is updated based on the first target pulse and the second target pulse.

7. A device for measuring atomic transition frequency, characterized in that: include: A first processing module is used to pre-process the atomic system in the atomic clock so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a coherent population trapped state; A second processing module is used to apply a first pulse to the atomic system within a first time window of a first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a superposition state within the first time window of the first Ramsey sequence; A third processing module is used to control the amplitude of the first pulse to be reduced to a magnetic field intensity threshold that meets the free evolution of the atomic system within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence, so that the atoms in the atomic system are in a free evolution state within the second time window of the first Ramsey sequence; a fourth processing module, configured to apply a second pulse to the atomic system within a third time window of the first Ramsey sequence to generate first Ramsey interference fringes; A measuring module, used for measuring the atomic transition frequency based on the first Ramsey interference fringe to obtain a target atomic transition frequency; Wherein, at least one of the first pulse and the second pulse is an alternating magnetic field pulse.

8. An electronic device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the processor is used to read the program in the memory to implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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