Feed additive as well as preparation method, application and feed thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and discloses a feed additive which is prepared from, by mass, 8-12 parts of Chinese herbal medicine, 75-85 parts of yeast iron, 55-65 parts of starch and 55-65 parts of bentonite, and the Chinese herbal medicine is selected from at least one of prepared rehmannia root, honey-fried licorice root, codonopsis pilosula, cassia twig, fructus cannabis, jujube, astragalus membranaceus and gallnut; through the design, metabolism of skin cells can be promoted, the barrier function of the skin is enhanced, and the skin is more compact and smoother; meanwhile, hair follicles can be nourished to promote growth of hair and make the hair thicker and smoother, and in addition, the invention further discloses a preparation method and application of the feed additive and a feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of animal husbandry technology, and in particular to a feed additive and a preparation method and use thereof. Background Art

[0002] The nursery stage of pigs is an important stage in pig farming. It is the second stage from the birth of piglets to the market, which directly affects the growth and development and economic benefits of the entire pig farming process. Studies have shown that piglets in good health have better performance during the growth and fattening period. The fur quality of nursery pigs is the most direct indicator of the health of piglets. Farmers are eager to pursue the breeding standard of "red skin and shiny fur".

[0003] In the current large-scale, high-density, high-risk farming environment, high-zinc diets have become a common way for the pig industry to prevent diarrhea in piglets. At the same time, the high zinc content in the diet has caused a wide range of problems in piglets, such as rough fur and poor health. This fur problem in nursery pigs has a profound impact on the subsequent growth and economic benefits of piglets.

[0004] In modern pig farms, the fur of nursery pigs is prone to pale skin, curly and rough hair. The main reason for poor fur quality is the lack of vitamins and iron. The common way to solve vitamin deficiency is to add extra vitamins, such as adding excess vitamins to the diet, adding vitamins to drinking water, and adding vitamins during feeding. Adding vitamins to the diet will cause the vitamins to denature due to the high temperature during the pelleting process, resulting in a decrease in the effective vitamin content. At the same time, excessive zinc / copper and other mineral elements added to the feed will further reduce the absorption of vitamins in the animal body. Adding vitamins to drinking water and feeding will also greatly reduce the effective absorption of vitamins due to the high zinc environment in the diet, and the supplementation effect is poor.

[0005] Chinese patent application 201310486718.1 discloses a feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 pork, 30-40 fish meal, 30-40 corn, 10-20 oats, 20-30 soybean meal, 15-20 silkworm pupae, 20-30 earthworms, 10-15 loaches, 10-15 lettuces, 8-12 carrots, 30-40 fresh milk, 10-15 eggs, 4-7 low-gluten flour, 15-20 concentrated apple juice, 3-4 yellow peel fruits, 2-3 figs, 1-2 Rehmannia root, 1-2 Eucommia bark, 2-3 sweet potato leaves, 1-2 Albizzia julibrissin, 1-3 Cornus officinalis, 1-2 Astragalus, 1-2 Rhodiola rosea, 2-3 pumpkin vines, 0.8-1 kelp powder, 0.1-0.2 angelica oil, 3-5 cod liver oil, and an appropriate amount of white vinegar;

[0006] The feed raw materials in this plan are reasonably matched, widely sourced, nutritionally comprehensive, and have good palatability. They are rich in nutrients such as animal and plant protein, dietary fiber, amino acids, vitamins, etc., and have the effects of strengthening the spleen and appetite, clearing away heat and detoxifying, promoting bowel movements and urination, and improving immunity. It not only meets the nutritional needs of the blue fox for growth, but also significantly improves the quality of the blue fox's fur, making it fuller and more lustrous.

[0007] Chinese patent application 202311050660.6 discloses a feed additive for invigorating qi and promoting estrus for cows, which is composed of 50-100 parts of eucommia leaf extract, 20-50 parts of angelica extract, 20-50 parts of Chuanxiong extract, 20-50 parts of astragalus extract, 30-50 parts of licorice extract, 20-40 parts of soy isoflavones, 30-60 parts of yeast iron, 20-50 parts of vitamin E, and 640-690 parts of bentonite, wherein the yeast iron is yeast iron coated with palm oil, and the vitamin E is vitamin E coated with palm oil;

[0008] Through the above design, soy isoflavones and yeast iron can make the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine more quickly and fully absorbed by the body; enhance the release of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, thereby enhancing the effect of replenishing qi and blood, and achieve the purpose of promoting estrus by replenishing qi and blood, and the effect is quick. At the same time, the soy isoflavones and yeast iron used in this scheme work together, and soy isoflavones can enhance the absorption and utilization of iron. It can promote the intestinal absorption of non-heme iron and improve the bioavailability of iron; the estrus rate of cows that have not been in estrus for 2 months after giving birth can reach 100% after using the feed additive for replenishing qi and promoting estrus for cows;

[0009] This scheme takes into account the digestion and absorption mechanism of cows. Yeast iron and vitamin E are coated with palm oil respectively, so that the feed additive can avoid being digested in the cow's rumen and is absorbed in the small intestine, further improving the effect of the feed additive. However, this scheme does not mention whether the above raw materials can be used to regulate the fur quality of livestock.

[0010] The problem to be solved by the present application is: how to provide a feed additive to improve the absorption and utilization rate of vitamins by the intestines of nursery pigs and improve the fur quality of nursery pigs. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to provide a feed additive that nourishes the skin and hair follicles of pigs by containing a variety of nutrients, active substances and amino acids, and further improves the quality of pigs' fur by regulating the pigs' iron content and their own metabolism through yeast iron.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the present application discloses a feed additive, which comprises the following components by weight:

[0013]

[0014] The Chinese herbal medicine is selected from at least one of Rehmannia root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Codonopsis pilosula, Cinnamon twig, Semen hemp, Jujube, Astragalus membranaceus and Gallnut;

[0015] Iron is a component of many enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase. These enzymes participate in redox reactions in the body and are important for the synthesis of melanin. Melanin is a key substance that determines the depth and color of pig fur. In the hair follicle cells of pigs, the process of melanocyte synthesis of melanin requires a series of complex biochemical reactions, in which iron-related enzymes play a key role in transferring electrons. For example, for black pigs, an adequate supply of yeast iron can ensure the normal synthesis of melanin by melanocytes, making the pig's fur darker and shinier.

[0016] When iron is deficient, pigs may have abnormal hair color changes such as lighter and yellower hair. This is because iron deficiency affects the activity of enzymes related to pigment synthesis, resulting in insufficient melanin synthesis. Adding yeast iron can prevent this hair color abnormality caused by iron deficiency, keeping the pig's hair color normal and uniform.

[0017] Chinese herbal medicine contains a variety of nutrients, active substances and amino acids, which can nourish the pig's skin and hair follicles. These nutrients can promote the metabolism of skin cells, enhance the skin's barrier function, and make the skin tighter and smoother. At the same time, nourishing the hair follicles can promote hair growth, making the hair thicker and smoother.

[0018] Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine is obtained by crushing a mixture of Rehmannia root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Codonopsis pilosula, cinnamon twig, hemp seed, jujube, astragalus and gallnut, and the particle size of the Chinese herbal medicine is not greater than 300 meshes.

[0019] Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components by weight:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] Rehmannia root contains a variety of nutrients, such as rehmannia polysaccharides, amino acids, etc. The nutrients in them help regulate the nutritional metabolism in pigs and may affect the synthesis and deposition of pigments in fur;

[0023] Licorice contains active ingredients such as glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin. Licorice flavonoids have antioxidant effects, which can reduce the damage of free radicals to hair cells, protect the pigment components in hair cells, help maintain the stability of hair color, and prevent hair from fading due to oxidation;

[0024] Codonopsis is rich in codonopsis polysaccharides, multiple amino acids and trace elements. Codonopsis polysaccharides can regulate the immune system of pigs and improve the overall health of pigs. Healthy pigs tend to have better fur color;

[0025] Cinnamon twigs contain volatile oils, cinnamaldehyde and other ingredients. Cinnamaldehyde has certain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing the probability of skin infections, thereby avoiding dull fur color caused by skin diseases;

[0026] Hemp seeds are rich in nutrients such as oil and protein. Oil can moisturize the pig's skin, making the skin surface smoother and the fur more shiny;

[0027] Jujubes are rich in vitamin C, sugars, amino acids, etc. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can prevent the pigment in the fur from being oxidized and keep the fur bright in color;

[0028] Astragalus polysaccharides, amino acids and other ingredients in Astragalus have a positive effect on the color of fur. Astragalus polysaccharides can regulate the immune function of pigs, keep pigs in a healthy state, and naturally have good fur color;

[0029] Gallnut contains ingredients such as tannins. Tannins have a convergent effect, which can make the fur tighter and improve the texture of the fur to a certain extent, making it look smoother and more shiny.

[0030] Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components by weight:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] In addition, the present application also discloses the use of the feed additive as mentioned above to prepare improved pig hair feed.

[0034] In addition, the present application also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned feed additive, which comprises mixing Chinese herbal medicine with yeast iron, starch and bentonite to obtain the feed additive.

[0035] Preferably, the steps include:

[0036] Step 1: Mix and crush Rehmannia root, roasted liquorice root, Codonopsis pilosula, cinnamon twig, hemp seed, jujube, astragalus and gallnut, and pass through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain Chinese herbal medicine;

[0037] Step 2: Mix the Chinese herbal medicine with yeast iron, starch and bentonite to obtain a feed additive.

[0038] In addition, the present application also discloses a feed containing 1 to 15 wt % of the feed additive described above.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0040] The iron in the yeast iron used in this application is a component of many enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase. These enzymes participate in the redox reaction in the body and are of great significance for the synthesis of melanin. Melanin is a key substance that determines the color depth and color of pig fur. In the hair follicle cells of pigs, the process of melanocyte synthesis of melanin requires a series of complex biochemical reactions, in which iron-related enzymes play a key role in transferring electrons. For example, for black breeds of pigs, an adequate supply of yeast iron can ensure the normal synthesis of melanin by melanocytes, making the color of the pig's fur more black and shiny.

[0041] When iron is deficient, pigs may have abnormal hair color changes such as lighter and yellower hair. This is because iron deficiency affects the activity of enzymes related to pigment synthesis, resulting in insufficient melanin synthesis. Adding yeast iron can prevent this hair color abnormality caused by iron deficiency, keeping the pig's hair color normal and uniform.

[0042] Chinese herbal medicine contains a variety of nutrients, active substances and amino acids, which can nourish the pig's skin and hair follicles. These nutrients can promote the metabolism of skin cells, enhance the skin's barrier function, and make the skin tighter and smoother. At the same time, nourishing the hair follicles can promote hair growth, making the hair thicker and smoother. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the examples of the present application. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that if the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0044] Before presenting the examples, the raw materials and their sources involved in each example are first described as follows, as shown in Table 1:

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047] Further, unless otherwise specified, the preparation method of the feed additive in the following examples and comparative examples is as follows:

[0048] The Chinese herbal medicine is mixed with yeast iron, starch and bentonite to obtain a feed additive.

[0049] Examples 1-4

[0050] A feed additive, the formula of which is shown in Table 2:

[0051] Table 2

[0052]

[0053] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the Chinese herbal medicines are all obtained by crushing Rehmannia glutinosa and passing through a 300-mesh sieve.

[0054] Embodiment 5-9

[0055] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the total amount of Chinese herbal medicine added is the same, and the composition of the Chinese herbal medicine is shown in Table 3:

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058] Examples 10-17

[0059] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the total amount of Chinese herbal medicine added is the same, and the composition of the Chinese herbal medicine is shown in Table 4:

[0060] Table 4

[0061]

[0062] Examples 18-25

[0063] The same as Example 1, except that the composition of the Chinese herbal medicine is as shown in Table 5:

[0064] Table 5

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Comparative Examples 1-4

[0068] A feed additive, which is substantially the same as that in Example 1, except that the formula is as shown in Table 6:

[0069] Table 6

[0070]

[0071] Comparative Examples 5-8

[0072] A feed additive, the formula of which is shown in Table 7:

[0073] Table 7

[0074]

[0075] Performance Testing:

[0076] 680 35-day-old piglets with similar body condition and health status, half male and half female, were randomly selected and fed with feeds prepared by the feed additives of the embodiment and the comparative example;

[0077] It should be noted that the method of preparing feed using feed additives is specifically: adding feed additives to commercial feed on the market. Specifically, the feed used in this scheme is "Zhengda 567" pig feed, the main ingredients of which are corn, soybean meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, sodium chloride, amino acids, etc.

[0078] The nutritional components of the product include: crude protein ≥17.0%, crude fiber ≤8.0%, crude ash ≤9.0%, calcium = 0.70-1.20%, total phosphorus ≥0.50%, sodium chloride = 0.30-0.80%, and lysine ≥0.85%.

[0079] The experimental groups were set up according to the embodiments and comparative examples, with a total of 34 groups (including a blank group, which was fed with the same quality of "Zhengda 567" pig feed without feed additives), 20 pigs in each group (half male and half female), and fed continuously for 21 days. The pig fur quality of each experimental group was scored every 7 days, and the scoring criteria are shown in Table 8:

[0080] Table 8

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] After the test, twenty professionals scored the piglets' fur before and after the test, and finally took the average value as the final result. The test results are shown in Table 9:

[0084] Table 9

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Results Analysis

[0090] 1. It can be seen from Examples 1-4 that when the addition amount of each raw material of the feed additive is slightly adjusted, it can be seen from Table 9 that although the scoring results of the four test groups fluctuate, the fluctuation range is relatively small;

[0091] 2. It can be seen from Example 1 and Examples 5-9 that after changing the formula of the Chinese medicinal ingredients, the ruddy skin, hair color brightness and hair smoothness of Examples 5-9 all showed a significant improvement trend compared with Example 1;

[0092] At the same time, the skin redness data of Examples 5-9 were observed. After the test group used the feed additive for 7 days, the skin redness of the test group was relatively more significantly improved. From the 7th day to the 21st day, the improvement trend of the skin redness slowed down, indicating that the feed additive of the present application can improve the skin quality of pigs in a short period of time. At the same time, the hair color brightness and hair smoothness data of Examples 5-9 were observed. It can be seen that with the extension of the use time, the improvement trend of the hair color brightness and hair smoothness of the pigs gradually accelerated, indicating that the feed additive of the present application improves the hair color brightness and hair smoothness gradually during the long-term use process.

[0093] 3. It can be seen from Example 1 and Examples 10-17 that when any Chinese herbal medicine component is omitted relative to Example 5, although the total amount of Chinese herbal medicine added in Examples 10-17 is the same as that in Example 5, the improvement ability of Examples 10-17 on the skin quality and hair quality of pigs relative to Example 5 is still reduced. It can be seen that in order to ensure that the feed additive has the ability to improve the skin quality and hair quality of pigs as much as possible, the Chinese herbal medicine components used in Example 5 are indispensable;

[0094] 4. It can be seen from Examples 1 and 18-25 that when any of the above 8 Chinese herbal medicine ingredients is replaced with a Chinese herbal medicine similar to Rehmannia glutinosa, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Codonopsis pilosula, Cinnamon twig, Semen Cannae, Jujube, Astragalus membranaceus, and Gallnut, the ability of Examples 18-25 to improve the skin quality and hair quality of pigs relative to Example 5 is reduced. At the same time, it can be seen from Examples 10-17 that the ability of Examples 18-25 to improve the skin quality and hair quality of pigs relative to Examples 10-17 does not show a similar improvement as that of Example 5. It can be seen that the Chinese medicine substitutes used in Examples 18-25 are difficult to produce good synergistic effects with other Chinese medicine ingredients;

[0095] 5. It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 that when any one of Rehmannia glutinosa, yeast iron, starch and bentonite is missing from the feed additive, the improvement of hair quality and skin quality of Comparative Examples 1-4 is extremely slow, which shows that the above four ingredients are indispensable;

[0096] At the same time, when any of the above four ingredients was replaced with a raw material similar to the above four ingredients, the hair quality and skin quality of the test group also improved very slowly. It can be seen that any of the above four ingredients is irreplaceable.

[0097] At the same time, it can be seen from the blank group that the feed prepared by the feed additives prepared in the embodiments or the comparative examples has different degrees of improvement compared with the feed without any additives, but the improvement of the comparative example is relatively small.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: By mass, it includes the following components: The Chinese herbal medicine is selected from at least one of Rehmannia root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Codonopsis pilosula, Cinnamon twig, Semen hemp, Jujube, Astragalus membranaceus and Gallnut.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The Chinese herbal medicine is obtained by crushing a mixture of Rehmannia root, licorice root, Codonopsis pilosula, cinnamon twig, hemp seed, jujube, astragalus and gallnut, and the particle size of the Chinese herbal medicine is not more than 300 meshes.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components by weight:

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components by weight:

5. Use of the feed additive as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 to prepare improved pig hair feed.

6. A method for preparing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The Chinese herbal medicine is mixed with yeast iron, starch and bentonite to obtain a feed additive.

7. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Mix and crush Rehmannia root, roasted liquorice root, Codonopsis pilosula, cinnamon twig, hemp seed, jujube, astragalus and gallnut, and pass through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain Chinese herbal medicine; Step 2: Mix the Chinese herbal medicine with yeast iron, starch and bentonite to obtain a feed additive.

8. A feed, characterized in that: Contains 1 to 15 wt % of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images