A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining in renal puncture

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of renal puncture staining control, and discloses a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture, including a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a detection module, and a monitoring module; wherein: the data acquisition module is used to collect reference sample information and target sample information; the data processing module is used to calculate the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained, and adjust the concentration of periodic acid oxidation solution based on the tissue information of the reference stained sample and the sample to be stained; the detection module is used to detect the staining progress index of the sample to be stained during the staining process; the monitoring module determines whether the staining target state is achieved based on the staining progress index; the monitoring module is also used to time each staining link and give an end reminder during the staining process; the present invention realizes the real-time monitoring of the staining process and improves the accuracy and reliability of staining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of renal puncture staining control, and particularly to a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the traditional process of special staining of renal puncture has deficiencies in many aspects. In terms of setting staining parameters, it mostly relies on empirical judgment. Pathological laboratories usually adopt relatively fixed staining processes and parameters without fully considering the individual differences of renal tissue samples. Renal tissues of different patients vary in disease type, severity, tissue composition, etc. However, the traditional method cannot precisely adjust staining parameters according to these differences, such as the type and fixation time of fixative, the concentration and oxidation time of periodic acid oxidation solution, the concentration of staining reagent, the concentration and differentiation time of differentiating solution, and the number and time of washing steps. This may lead to poor staining effects. Either the staining is too light, making it difficult to clearly distinguish the target structure and affecting the diagnostic accuracy; or the staining is too dark, masking cell details and also causing difficulties in diagnosis.

[0003] The existing technology does not collect key information of renal tissue samples comprehensively and precisely enough. Tissue density and glycogen content are important factors affecting staining effects, but the existing technology often lacks accurate measurement and effective utilization of them. The traditional staining process does not reasonably adjust the concentration of periodic acid solution according to glycogen content, affecting the accurate display of glycogen and the diagnosis of diseases.

[0004] In terms of monitoring the staining process, the existing technology lacks effective real-time monitoring means. Usually, the results are evaluated only after the staining is completed, and it is difficult to detect problems and make adjustments in a timely manner during the staining process. Once the staining deviates, it often needs to be re-stained, which not only wastes time and reagents but also may damage the tissue sample due to multiple treatments, further affecting the reliability of the diagnostic results.

[0005] As disclosed in the Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN118090377B, a kit and a staining method for special staining of renal biopsy tissue under light microscopy are provided to solve the problems of insufficient staining of target substances and excessive staining of non-target substances in existing staining kits. The kit includes PASM-MASSON stain, MASSON stain, and Congo red stain; the PASM-MASSON stain and MASSON stain include a first self-made reagent, a second self-made reagent, and a third self-made reagent; the first self-made reagent includes Bismarck brown Y, acid fuchsin, deionized water, and glacial acetic acid; the second self-made reagent includes phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, and deionized water; the third self-made reagent includes water-soluble aniline blue, deionized water, and glacial acetic acid. Through the selection of composition materials, precise design of ratios, and staining methods, the invention can achieve appropriate staining of target substances and not excessive staining of non-target substances. However, this patent still has the problems raised in this background technology: in terms of monitoring the staining process, the existing technology lacks effective real-time monitoring means, and usually evaluates the results only after staining is completed, making it difficult to detect problems and make adjustments in a timely manner during the staining process.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to increase the understanding of the overall background of the present invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal biopsy, realize real-time monitoring of the staining process, and improve the accuracy and reliability of staining.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal biopsy includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a detection module, and a monitoring module; wherein:

[0010] The data acquisition module is used to collect reference sample information of the reference staining sample of renal biopsy and obtain target sample information of the sample to be stained; both the reference sample information and the target sample information include the pathological information and tissue information of the corresponding sample;

[0011] The data processing module calculates the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained based on the reference sample information and the target sample information; the data processing is also used to adjust the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference staining sample and the sample to be stained;

[0012] The detection module is used to detect the staining progress index of the sample to be stained during the staining process; the staining progress index includes ultrasonic reflection intensity, ultrasonic reflection delay, and target pixel ratio;

[0013] Based on the staining progress index, the monitoring module determines whether the staining target state is achieved; the monitoring module is also used to time each staining link and give an end reminder during the staining process.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a second acquisition unit; wherein, the first acquisition unit is used to collect the pathological information and tissue information of the reference staining sample, and collect the pathological information of the sample to be stained; the second acquisition unit is used to measure the tissue information of the sample to be stained;

[0015] The pathological information of any sample includes disease type, disease severity, pathological marker expression level, and cell composition ratio; the first acquisition unit retrieves the renal puncture reference staining sample from the database and obtains each pathological information of each reference staining sample and the sample to be stained;

[0016] The tissue information of any sample includes tissue density and glycogen content; the tissue information of the reference staining sample is directly obtained by querying by the first acquisition unit; the tissue information of the sample to be stained is actually measured by the second acquisition unit.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the data processing module includes a statistical unit; the statistical unit is used to calculate the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained, specifically as follows:

[0018] Encode each item of reference sample information of each reference staining sample respectively, and form the reference feature vector of each reference staining sample;

[0019] Encode each item of reference sample information of the sample to be stained, and form the sample feature vector of the sample to be stained;

[0020] Calculate the similarity between the sample feature vector and each reference feature vector, and extract the reference staining samples corresponding to the similarity higher than the preset similarity threshold as the similar samples of the sample to be stained;

[0021] Extract each reference staining parameter in the preparation process of each similar sample; any reference staining parameter is obtained by averaging the corresponding staining parameters in all similar samples;

[0022] The reference staining parameters include the fixation time, the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution, the oxidation time, the concentration of the staining reagent, the concentration of the differentiation solution, the differentiation time, the number of washing times, and the washing time.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the data processing module further includes a calculation unit; the calculation unit is configured with a concentration adjustment strategy for adjusting the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference staining sample and the sample to be stained; the concentration adjustment strategy is specifically as follows:

[0024] Obtain the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution; obtain the tissue density of the sample to be stained; obtain the glycogen content of the sample to be stained;

[0025] Obtain the tissue density of all the similar samples and calculate the average value to obtain the reference tissue density;

[0026] Obtain the glycogen content of all the similar samples and calculate the average value to obtain the reference glycogen content;

[0027] Calculate the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution based on the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution, the tissue density and glycogen content of the sample to be stained, the reference tissue density, and the reference glycogen content.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the formula for the calculation unit to calculate the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution is as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] Wherein, C represents the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution; represents the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution; represents the tissue density of the sample to be stained; represents the glycogen content of the sample to be stained; represents the reference tissue density; represents the reference glycogen content; represents the adjustment coefficient of the tissue density; represents the adjustment coefficient of the glycogen content; and are both determined by parameter fitting.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the detection module includes a first detection unit; the first detection unit is used to detect the ultrasonic reflection intensity and ultrasonic reflection delay of the sample to be stained; specifically as follows:

[0032] Select N detection points on the outer wall of the staining container, where N is a positive integer;

[0033] At the start of staining, send ultrasonic waves to the renal tissue section at each detection point and receive the reflected waves at each detection point; record the intensities of the reflected waves at the N detection points and calculate the average value, denoted as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity; record the reflection delay times at the N detection points and calculate the average value, denoted as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay; the reflection delay time is the time difference between the moment when the reflected wave is received and the moment when the ultrasonic wave is emitted; send the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity and the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay to the monitoring module;

[0034] During the staining process, continuously send ultrasonic waves to the renal tissue section at each detection point and receive the reflected waves at each detection point; record the intensities of the reflected waves at the N detection points and calculate the average value to obtain the real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity; record the reflection delay times at the N detection points and calculate the average value to obtain the real-time ultrasonic reflection delay; send the ultrasonic reflection intensity and the ultrasonic reflection delay to the monitoring module in real time.

[0035] As a preferred solution of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the detection module further includes a second detection unit; the second detection unit is used to monitor the target pixel ratio of the sample to be stained, specifically as follows:

[0036] Take a staining process image including the complete renal puncture tissue section from above the staining container;

[0037] Segment the section image from the staining process image;

[0038] Convert the section image from the RGB color space to the HSV color space and count the hue and saturation of each pixel point in the section image;

[0039] The second detection unit is set with a minimum threshold of hue and a maximum threshold , as well as a minimum threshold of saturation and a maximum threshold ; the pixel points with hue in the interval and saturation in the interval are target pixel points;

[0040] Calculate the ratio of the number of target pixel points to the total number of pixel points in the section image , as the target pixel ratio; send the target pixel ratio to the monitoring module in real time.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the monitoring module includes a data storage unit and a monitoring unit; wherein, the data storage unit is used to store the reference staining parameters of the samples to be stained; the monitoring unit is used to time each staining step and give an end reminder for each staining step based on the reference staining parameters.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: the monitoring unit is configured with a staining monitoring strategy for judging whether the staining target state is achieved; the specific staining monitoring strategy is as follows:

[0043] Calculate the change in ultrasonic reflection intensity , the formula is as follows:

[0044] ;

[0045] wherein, I represents the real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity, represents the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity;

[0046] Calculate the change in reflection delay time , the formula is as follows:

[0047] ;

[0048] wherein, t represents the real-time reflection delay time, represents the initial value of the reflection delay time;

[0049] The monitoring unit is also configured with a threshold value for the change in ultrasonic reflection intensity , a threshold value for the change in reflection delay time , a threshold value for the target pixel ratio ; if is greater than , and is greater than , and at the same time is greater than , then the staining target state is achieved.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture according to the present invention, wherein: when the staining target state is achieved, the monitoring unit reminds to end the staining step;

[0051] The statistical unit is also used to provide a reference staining time; the reference staining time is the maximum value of the staining times corresponding to all similar samples; during the staining process, the monitoring module times the staining step, and if the staining target state is not achieved, then when the staining time reaches the reference staining time, the monitoring unit reminds to end the staining step.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0053] By collecting the pathological information and tissue information of the reference sample and the sample to be stained, and calculating the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained based on this information, including multiple key parameters such as fixation time and concentration of periodic acid oxidation solution, the parameters in the staining process can be set more accurately according to the characteristics of the sample, avoiding the problem of poor staining effect caused by relying on experience in the traditional method.

[0054] According to the tissue density and glycogen content of the sample to be stained and the reference sample, calculate and adjust the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution, which can effectively avoid the problems of insufficient oxidation or over-oxidation caused by differences in tissue density and glycogen content, save reagents while ensuring the staining effect, and reduce the staining cost.

[0055] During the staining process, detect staining progress indicators such as ultrasonic reflection intensity, ultrasonic reflection delay, and target pixel ratio. The monitoring module judges whether the staining target state is achieved based on these indicators, realizing real-time monitoring of the staining process, improving the accuracy and reliability of staining, reducing the situation of re-staining due to staining deviation, and avoiding multiple processing damages to tissue samples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts. Among them:

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture provided by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 is a principle flowchart of a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0059] The following will detail the technical solutions of the present invention through the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of the present invention. Without conflict, the technical features in the embodiments of the present invention and the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0060] This embodiment introduces a quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture. Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2, the system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a detection module, and a monitoring module; among which:

[0061] The data acquisition module is used to collect the reference sample information of the reference stained sample of renal puncture and obtain the target sample information of the sample to be stained; both the reference sample information and the target sample information include the pathological information and tissue information of the corresponding sample;

[0062] The data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a second acquisition unit; wherein, the first acquisition unit is used to collect the pathological information and tissue information of the reference stained sample and collect the pathological information of the sample to be stained; the second acquisition unit is used to measure the tissue information of the sample to be stained;

[0063] The pathological information of any sample includes disease type, disease severity, pathological marker expression level, and cell composition ratio; the first acquisition unit retrieves the renal puncture reference stained samples from the database and obtains each kind of pathological information of each reference stained sample and the sample to be stained;

[0064] Collecting pathological information requires clarifying the disease category to which the renal tissue sample belongs, such as glomerulonephritis (including minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, etc.), diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis, etc. Different diseases will cause specific changes in the cell structure, component metabolism, etc. of the renal tissue, affecting the staining effect. The disease severity is quantified through pathological grading. For example, in glomerulonephritis, pathological grading is carried out according to the degree of glomerular damage (such as cell proliferation, mesangial matrix expansion, basement membrane thickening, etc.). Tissues with different severities may have differences in the content and distribution of glycogen and glycoprotein, thereby affecting the staining parameters. At the same time, the expression levels of specific pathological markers in the renal tissue should also be detected, such as the content of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, etc.), complements (C3, etc.), and specific proteoglycans. The presence or absence and expression levels of these markers can reflect the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease and may interfere with or cooperate with the chemical reactions during the staining process. In addition, the proportion of different types of cells in the renal tissue is statistically analyzed by histopathological methods. For example, in certain disease states, the proportion of mesangial cells in the glomerulus increases, while renal tubular epithelial cells may show necrosis and exfoliation, changing the cell composition ratio and affecting the target object and reaction degree of staining.

[0065] The tissue information of any sample includes tissue density and glycogen content. The tissue information of the reference stained sample is directly retrieved by the first acquisition unit; the tissue information of the sample to be stained is actually measured by the second acquisition unit. For example, the density of the renal tissue sample to be stained is measured by combining Archimedes' principle with a precision balance, and the glycogen content of the sample to be stained is determined by the anthrone colorimetric method.

[0066] Tissue density reflects the degree of compactness of tissue components per unit volume. Periodic acid reacts with carbohydrates in tissues, mainly oxidizing the glycol groups of carbohydrates to form dialdehydes. In tissues with higher density, cells and extracellular matrix are arranged closely, and it is more difficult for periodic acid solution to penetrate into the interior of the tissue. To ensure that periodic acid can fully penetrate and oxidize carbohydrates, it may be necessary to appropriately increase the concentration of periodic acid solution. For tissues with lower density, the concentration of periodic acid solution can be appropriately reduced to avoid over-oxidation, while also saving reagents and reducing potential non-specific reactions. When the glycogen content in the tissue is high, to ensure that all glycol groups in glycogen molecules can be fully oxidized, sufficient periodic acid molecules are required to react with them. This may require a relatively high concentration of periodic acid solution. On the contrary, when the glycogen content is low, a lower concentration of periodic acid solution may be sufficient to complete the oxidation reaction. This can reduce unnecessary chemical reactions and the risk of background noise and non-specific staining.

[0067] The data processing module calculates the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained based on the reference sample information and the target sample information; the data processing is also used to adjust the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference stained sample and the sample to be stained;

[0068] The data processing module includes a statistical unit and a calculation unit; among them, the statistical unit is used to calculate the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained, specifically as follows:

[0069] Encode each item of reference sample information of each reference stained sample respectively, and form a reference feature vector of each reference stained sample;

[0070] Encode each item of reference sample information of the sample to be stained, and form a sample feature vector of the sample to be stained;

[0071] Calculate the similarity between the sample feature vector and each reference feature vector, and extract the reference stained samples corresponding to the similarities higher than the preset similarity threshold as the similar samples of the sample to be stained; the similarity can be calculated based on methods such as pre-similarity and weighted Euclidean distance;

[0072] Extract each reference staining parameter in the preparation process of each similar sample; any reference staining parameter is obtained by averaging the staining parameters of the corresponding items in all similar samples.

[0073] The reference staining parameters include fixation time, reference concentration of periodic acid oxidation solution, oxidation time, concentration of staining reagent, concentration of differentiation solution, differentiation time, number of washing times, and washing time;

[0074] The fixation time needs to be adjusted according to the tissue density and pathological status. For example, tissues with mild lesions and dense tissue structure may require a relatively long fixation time to ensure that the tissue components are fully fixed. Kidney tissue samples with high glycogen content require a higher concentration of periodic acid solution and a longer oxidation time; tissues with low glycogen content can reduce the concentration and shorten the time to avoid excessive oxidation. For tissues with complex cellular components and darker background staining, it may be necessary to appropriately increase the concentration of differentiation solution or extend the differentiation time, but it is necessary to avoid excessive differentiation that leads to loss of positive staining. The pathological state of the tissue and the use of staining reagents will affect the requirements for washing. If the tissue contains more impurities or non-specific binding substances, or a higher concentration of staining reagents is used, it may be necessary to increase the number of washes and extend the washing time to ensure that excess reagents are removed and reduce non-specific staining.

[0075] The data acquisition module collects a large amount of PAS staining data of renal puncture tissue samples under different renal disease conditions, including the process parameter settings of each process during staining, tissue characteristics, and corresponding clinical diagnosis results. By analyzing these data, the optimal parameters in the staining process can be set more accurately based on the sample information before staining.

[0076] The calculation unit is configured with a concentration adjustment strategy for adjusting the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference staining sample and the sample to be stained; the concentration adjustment strategy is specifically as follows:

[0077] Obtain the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution, recorded as ; Obtain the tissue density of the sample to be stained, recorded as ; Obtain the glycogen content of the sample to be stained, recorded as ;

[0078] Obtain the tissue density of all similar samples and calculate the average to obtain the reference tissue density, which is recorded as ;

[0079] Obtain the glycogen content of all similar samples and calculate the average to obtain the reference glycogen content, which is recorded as ;

[0080] The recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution is calculated based on the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution, the tissue density and glycogen content of the sample to be stained, the reference tissue density, and the reference glycogen content; the formula is as follows:

[0081] ;

[0082] Wherein, C represents the recommended concentration of periodic acid oxidation solution; represents the adjustment factor of tissue density; represents the regulation coefficient of glycogen content; and are both determined by parameter fitting. By controlling variables, a series of stained samples with different tissue densities and glycogen contents are set, and different periodic acid oxidation solutions are used for oxidation respectively, and the staining effects under different experimental conditions are observed and data are recorded; the optimal values of and are determined by parameter fitting. For example, assuming that through experiments it is found that for every 0.01 (g / cm³) increase in tissue density, the periodic acid concentration needs to increase by 0.05 mol / L to achieve the best staining effect, then the value of is 0.05. Assuming that for every 1 mg / g increase in glycogen content, the periodic acid concentration needs to increase by 0.03 mol / L to achieve the best staining effect, then the value of is 0.03.

[0083] Through the concentration adjustment strategy, the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution is automatically adjusted according to the characteristics of the kidney tissue sample, realizing the precise preparation and supply of the solution concentration, avoiding unnecessary overuse of reagents, and reducing the staining cost while ensuring the staining effect.

[0084] The detection module is used to detect the staining progress indexes of the sample to be stained during the staining process; the staining progress indexes include ultrasonic reflection intensity, ultrasonic reflection delay, and target pixel ratio;

[0085] The detection module includes a first detection unit and a second detection unit; wherein, the first detection unit is used to detect the ultrasonic reflection intensity and ultrasonic reflection delay of the sample to be stained; specifically as follows:

[0086] Select N detection points on the outer wall of the staining container, where N is a positive integer;

[0087] At the start of staining, ultrasonic waves are sent to the kidney tissue section at each detection point, and the reflected waves are received at each detection point; the intensities of the reflected waves at the N detection points are recorded and averaged, denoted as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity; the reflection delay times at the N detection points are recorded and averaged, denoted as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay; the reflection delay time is the time difference between the moment when the reflected wave is received and the moment when the ultrasonic wave is emitted; the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity and the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay are sent to the monitoring module;

[0088] During the staining process, ultrasonic waves are continuously sent to the kidney tissue section at each detection point, and the reflected waves are received at each detection point; the intensities of the reflected waves at the N detection points are recorded and averaged to obtain the real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity; the reflection delay times at the N detection points are recorded and averaged to obtain the real-time ultrasonic reflection delay; the ultrasonic reflection intensity and the ultrasonic reflection delay are sent to the monitoring module in real time.

[0089] When ultrasonic waves propagate at the interface between different media (such as tissue and staining solution), reflection occurs. By detecting the intensity and time delay of the reflected wave, the position of the interface can be determined, thereby monitoring the penetration depth of the staining solution. When staining begins, most ultrasonic waves are reflected at the tissue surface; as the staining solution gradually penetrates, the number of newly formed tissue-staining solution interfaces increases, and these interfaces reflect a part of the ultrasonic waves, resulting in an increase in the total intensity of the reflected wave. The propagation speed of ultrasonic waves is different in different media, and there is a difference in the sound speed between the staining solution and renal tissue. As the penetration depth of the staining solution increases, the time for the reflected wave to return from the newly formed tissue-staining solution interface changes. The change in the return time of the reflected wave reflects the change in the interface position, thus reflecting the penetration depth of the staining solution. For example, if the penetration depth increases, the reflected wave returns from a deeper interface, and its time delay will be longer compared to the wave only reflected from the tissue surface.

[0090] The second detection unit is used to monitor the target pixel ratio of the sample to be stained, specifically as follows:

[0091] Take an image of the staining process of a complete renal biopsy tissue section from above the staining container;

[0092] Segment the section image from the staining process image;

[0093] Convert the section image from the RGB color space to the HSV color space and statistically analyze the hue and saturation of each pixel point in the section image; By using color space conversion, the image is converted from the RGB color space to the HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. In the HSV color space, hue and saturation can better reflect the type and purity of colors. For the purplish red color of PAS staining, the changes in hue and saturation within the corresponding range are mainly concerned.

[0094] The second detection unit sets the lowest threshold of hue and the highest threshold , as well as the lowest threshold of saturation and the highest threshold ; The hue is in the interval and the saturation is in the interval The pixel points therein are target pixel points; the lowest threshold and the highest threshold of hue, as well as the lowest threshold and the highest threshold of saturation, are obtained based on the analysis of slice images of a large number of stained samples; for example, in an ideal state, the hue of the stained pixel points is between 320 and 340 (corresponding to purplish red), and the saturation is between 0.6 and 0.8. The ideal state of PAS staining is as follows: in renal biopsy tissues, glycogen and glycoprotein components appear purplish red, the glomerular basement membrane will be stained purplish red, and its thickness is uniform and continuous. The glycogen granules in renal tubular epithelial cells will also be stained purplish red, and these glycogen granules are evenly distributed. The boundaries of mesangial cells and matrix in the glomerular mesangial area are also relatively obvious, and the mesangial matrix is stained purplish red.

[0095] Calculate the proportion of the number of target pixel points to the total number of pixel points in the slice image , as the target pixel ratio; send the target pixel ratio to the monitoring module in real time.

[0096] The monitoring module determines whether the staining target state is achieved based on the staining progress index; the monitoring module is also used to time each staining link and give an end reminder during the staining process.

[0097] The monitoring module includes a data storage unit and a monitoring unit; wherein, the data storage unit is used to store the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained; the monitoring unit is used to time each staining link and give an end reminder for each staining link based on the reference staining parameters;

[0098] The monitoring unit is configured with a staining monitoring strategy for determining whether the staining target state is achieved; the specific staining monitoring strategy is as follows:

[0099] Calculate the change amount of the ultrasonic reflection intensity , the formula is as follows:

[0100] ;

[0101] wherein, I represents the real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity, represents the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity;

[0102] Calculate the change amount of the reflection delay time , the formula is as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] wherein, t represents the real-time reflection delay time, represents the initial value of the reflection delay time;

[0105] The monitoring unit is also configured with a change amount threshold of the ultrasonic reflection intensity and a change amount threshold of the reflection delay time Threshold of target pixel ratio ; If is greater than , and is greater than , and at the same time is greater than , then the staining target state is achieved.

[0106] Threshold of change amount of ultrasonic reflection intensity , threshold of change amount of reflection delay time are both determined based on a series of staining experiments with known staining depths. For example, through experiments, it is found that when the staining solution penetrates near the glomerular basement membrane, there will be an obvious jump in the reflection intensity, and the corresponding change amount of reflection intensity at this time is ; When the staining depth reaches the level where the glycogen and glycoprotein components in the renal tissue can be fully stained, the corresponding change amount of reflection delay time is . The threshold of target pixel ratio is also obtained based on experimental measurements. For example, when the target pixel ratio exceeds 0.7, the staining state is close to the ideal purplish red.

[0107] When the staining target state is achieved, the monitoring unit reminds to end the staining process;

[0108] The statistical unit is also used to provide a staining reference time; the staining reference time is the maximum value of the staining times corresponding to all similar samples; the monitoring module measures the staining time. If the staining target state is not achieved and when the staining time reaches the staining reference time, the monitoring unit reminds to end the staining process.

[0109] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0110] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture, characterized in that: It includes data acquisition module, data processing module, detection module and monitoring module; among which: The data acquisition module is used to collect reference sample information of the reference stained sample of renal puncture, and obtain target sample information of the sample to be stained; the reference sample information and the target sample information both include pathological information and tissue information of the corresponding sample; The data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a second acquisition unit; wherein the first acquisition unit is used to collect pathological information and tissue information of the reference stained sample, and collect pathological information of the sample to be stained; the second acquisition unit is used to measure tissue information of the sample to be stained; The pathological information of any sample includes the disease type, disease severity, pathological marker expression level, and cell composition ratio; the first acquisition unit retrieves the renal puncture reference staining sample from the database, and obtains each pathological information of each reference staining sample and the sample to be stained; The tissue information of any sample includes tissue density and glycogen content; the tissue information of the reference stained sample is directly queried and acquired by the first acquisition unit; the tissue information of the sample to be stained is actually measured by the second acquisition unit; The data processing module calculates the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained based on the reference sample information and the target sample information; the data processing is also used to adjust the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference staining sample and the sample to be stained; The detection module is used to detect the staining progress index of the sample to be stained during the staining process; the staining progress index includes ultrasonic reflection intensity, ultrasonic reflection delay, and target pixel ratio; The monitoring module determines whether the dyeing target state is achieved based on the dyeing progress indicator; the monitoring module is also used to time and end each dyeing link during the dyeing process.

2. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module includes a statistical unit; the statistical unit is used to calculate the reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained, as follows: Encode each item of reference sample information of each reference staining sample respectively, and form a reference feature vector of each reference staining sample; Encode each reference sample information of the sample to be stained and form a sample feature vector of the sample to be stained; Calculating the similarity between the sample feature vector and each reference feature vector, and extracting reference stained samples corresponding to similarities higher than a preset similarity threshold as similar samples of the sample to be stained; Extract each reference staining parameter of each similar sample during the preparation process; any reference staining parameter is obtained by averaging the corresponding staining parameters of all similar samples; The reference staining parameters include fixation time, reference concentration of periodic acid oxidation solution, oxidation time, staining reagent concentration, differentiation solution concentration, differentiation time, washing times, and washing time.

3. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The data processing module further includes a calculation unit; the calculation unit is configured with a concentration adjustment strategy for adjusting the concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution according to the tissue information of the reference staining sample and the sample to be stained; the concentration adjustment strategy is specifically as follows: Obtaining a reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidation solution; obtaining a tissue density of the sample to be stained; obtaining a glycogen content of the sample to be stained; Obtaining the tissue density of all the similar samples and calculating the average to obtain a reference tissue density; Obtaining the glycogen contents of all the similar samples and calculating the average to obtain a reference glycogen content; The recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution is calculated based on the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution, the tissue density and glycogen content of the sample to be stained, the reference tissue density, and the reference glycogen content.

4. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation unit calculates the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution, specifically including: calculating the recommended concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution based on the reference concentration of the periodic acid oxidizing solution, the difference between the tissue density of the sample to be stained and the reference tissue density, and the difference between the glycogen content of the sample to be stained and the reference glycogen content.

5. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The detection module includes a first detection unit; the first detection unit is used to detect the ultrasonic reflection intensity and ultrasonic reflection delay of the sample to be stained; the details are as follows: Select N detection points on the outer wall of the dyeing container, where N is a positive integer; At the beginning of staining, ultrasonic waves are sent to the renal tissue slices at each detection point, and reflected waves are received at each detection point; the intensity of the reflected waves at N detection points is recorded and averaged, which is recorded as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity; the reflection delay time at N detection points is recorded and averaged, which is recorded as the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay; the reflection delay time is the time difference between the moment when the reflected wave is received and the moment when the ultrasonic wave is emitted; the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity and the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection delay are sent to the monitoring module; During the staining process, ultrasonic waves are continuously sent to the renal tissue slices at each detection point, and reflected waves are received at each detection point; the intensities of the reflected waves at N detection points are recorded and averaged to obtain real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity; the reflection delay times at N detection points are recorded and averaged to obtain real-time ultrasonic reflection delay; the ultrasonic reflection intensity and ultrasonic reflection delay are sent to the monitoring module in real time.

6. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The detection module further includes a second detection unit; the second detection unit is used to monitor the target pixel ratio of the sample to be stained, as follows: Images of the staining process were taken from above the staining container, including the entire renal biopsy tissue section; Segmenting a slice image from the staining process image; Convert the slice image from RGB space to HSV space and count the hue and saturation of each pixel in the slice image; The second detection unit is provided with a minimum threshold value of hue and the highest threshold , and the minimum threshold of saturation and the highest threshold ; Hue is in the range Medium and saturation is in the range The pixel in is the target pixel; Calculate the ratio of the number of target pixels to the total number of pixels in the slice image , as the target pixel ratio; The target pixel ratio is sent to the monitoring module in real time.

7. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring module includes a data storage unit and a monitoring unit; wherein the data storage unit is used to store reference staining parameters of the sample to be stained; and the monitoring unit is used to time each staining link and to remind the end of each staining link based on the reference staining parameters.

8. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring unit is configured with a dyeing monitoring strategy for determining whether the dyeing target state is achieved; the dyeing monitoring strategy is specifically as follows: Calculate the change in ultrasonic reflection intensity ; is the difference between the real-time ultrasonic reflection intensity and the initial value of the ultrasonic reflection intensity; Calculate the change in reflection delay time ; is the difference between the real-time reflection delay time and the initial value of the reflection delay time; The monitoring unit is also equipped with a threshold value for the change in ultrasonic reflection intensity. , the change threshold of reflection delay time , target pixel ratio threshold ;like Greater than ,and Greater than ,at the same time Greater than , the dyeing target state is achieved.

9. A quality control system for improving the accuracy of special staining of renal puncture as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: When the dyeing target state is reached, the monitoring unit reminds to end the dyeing process; The statistical unit is also used to provide a dyeing reference time; the dyeing reference time is the maximum value of the dyeing times corresponding to all similar samples; during the dyeing process, the monitoring module times the dyeing link, and if the dyeing target state is not achieved, when the dyeing time reaches the dyeing reference time, the monitoring unit reminds to end the dyeing link.

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