Management method for improving anti-freezing capability of coconut trees

Abstract

The invention provides a management method for improving the anti-freezing capacity of coconut trees, and relates to the technical field of coconut planting. The management method comprises the steps that brassin, alpha-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, xylan nanocrystals, monopotassium phosphate and cooked rice milk are adopted for preparing an anti-freezing solution, the anti-freezing solution is diluted by 30-50 times to conduct spraying treatment on tree heads, branches and leaves of the coconut trees, the anti-freezing solution is diluted by 10-15 times, and the anti-freezing solution is sprayed to trunks and roots of the coconut trees. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the anti-freezing and cold-proof effects of the coconut trees are effectively improved through a new anti-freezing solution spraying and management mode, flower and fruit falling of the coconut trees after winter is reduced, fruit cracking and malformed fruits are prevented, and the loss of the coconut trees which can sell fresh coconut fruits in the trade port tourism peak season is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coconut planting, and in particular to a management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees. Background Art

[0002] Coconut is a typical tropical crop.

[0003] The coconut planting areas in Hainan Island are divided into cold-resistant coconut planting areas, high-temperature and humid coconut planting areas, and semi-arid coconut planting areas. The total area of ​​coconut planting accounts for 98% of the country and 0.7% of Asia. In the current coconut planting process, when low temperatures continue, there will be phenomena such as flower and fruit falling, fruit cracking in the middle and late stages, and severe deformation of small fruits, which seriously affect the yield and quality.

[0004] Generally, when coconut trees are planted, if the temperature difference between day and night is large or the temperature is below 15℃ for more than 5 consecutive days, the coconut trees will suffer from frost damage. Fruiting coconut trees that suffer from frost damage will have their flowers and fruits fall off, and the coconut stalks and the lower part of the fruit will crack, affecting the yield and quality of coconuts. It will also cause the growth of coconut trees to decline, which will seriously affect the yield next year.

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned frost damage, the existing prevention and control method is mainly the fumigation method, which generally involves burning wheat bran, grass clippings, straw and other materials in the orchard (one pile for every 10 trees), and using the microclimate environment formed by the smoke to increase the temperature in the orchard, thereby preventing the fruit trees from suffering from frost damage. When the temperature is low, it is generally done 1-2 times a week, each time for half an hour; although this method can effectively prevent frost damage to coconut trees, the method is complicated to operate and is restricted by wind direction and terrain; at this stage, the anti-freeze effect of coconut trees is mostly achieved by spraying evaporation inhibitors on the crowns to achieve the anti-freeze effect. The existing evaporation inhibitors are mainly composed of film-forming agents, moisturizing agents and antifreeze agents. The overall anti-freeze effect is mainly affected by the climate. If the low temperature weather continues for a long time, the overall anti-freeze effect is not obvious. Based on this phenomenon that coconuts are susceptible to frost damage in winter, developing new anti-freeze products to treat coconuts is an important research direction for improving coconut yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees. The new antifreeze spraying and management method can effectively improve the frost resistance and cold protection effect of coconut trees, reduce the drop of flowers and fruits of coconut trees after winter, prevent cracked fruits and deformed fruits, and reduce the loss of fresh coconut fruits that can be sold during the peak tourist season of the Coconut Free Trade Port.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees, the management method comprising the following steps: S1, prepare antifreeze according to the following formula: brassinolide 60-80mg / L + α-phellandrene 50-60mg / L + citrus essential oil 30-60mL / L + xylan nanocrystals 10-12g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30g / L, and the rest is cooked rice syrup; S2. Management of tree branches and leaves: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze solution 30-50 times and spray it on the tree branches and leaves of coconut trees, and spray it once every 10-15 days; S3. Root management: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze solution 10-15 times and spray it on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree every 7-10 days.

[0008] Preferably, the cooked rice slurry in step S1 is prepared by mixing rice and water in a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:80-100, grinding the mixture, and then boiling the mixture for 10-15 minutes.

[0009] Preferably, the antifreeze solution preparation method in step S1 comprises the following steps: S1-1, mixing brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil and xylan nanocrystals uniformly as a mixture for later use; S1-2, the above mixture is mixed with cooked rice pulp in a mass ratio of 1: 8-10, and then homogenized at a high speed of 1200-2000r / min for 10-15min to obtain a mixed emulsion for standby use; S1-3, uniformly mix the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remaining cooked rice slurry to obtain an antifreeze solution.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution used for spraying the treetops, branches and leaves of coconut trees in step S2 is 500-800 mL / tree.

[0011] Preferably, the antifreeze solution is sprayed for the first time in step S2 when the lowest temperature is less than 20°C.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution sprayed on the trunk and roots of the coconut trees is 250-500 mL / tree.

[0013] Preferably, the antifreeze solution is sprayed for the first time in step S3 when the lowest temperature of the climate is less than 15°C.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, dead grass / leaves are used to form a circle around the roots of the coconut trees before winter.

[0015] The present invention provides a management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The present invention uses brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, xylan nanocrystals, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and cooked rice syrup as the formula of the antifreeze solution, which can form a protective film after spraying, effectively reducing water evaporation. At the same time, brassinolide and α-phellandrene can further enhance the antifreeze effect of coconut trees through the sustained release of xylan nanocrystals, reduce the impact of low temperature on coconut trees, and reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. In addition, the addition of α-phellandrene and citrus essential oil can effectively prevent the subsequent cracking of large fruits, thereby improving the fruiting quality of coconut trees. (2) When spraying antifreeze, the present invention uses a lower concentration of antifreeze to spray the tree tops and branches, which can provide preliminary insulation protection for the branches before the arrival of low temperatures, and uses a higher concentration of antifreeze to spray the tree trunks and roots, which comprehensively improves the antifreeze effect. Compared with the single antifreeze spraying method on the tree tops and branches in the prior art, it can further prevent early flower and fruit drop. At the same time, spraying the branches and leaves with a lower concentration of antifreeze will not affect the flowering of the coconut tree. Spraying the trunks and roots with a higher concentration of antifreeze can ensure the overall antifreeze effect and comprehensively improve the subsequent fruit quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the control group of the embodiment of the present invention on March 7, 2025; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 1 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 2 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 3 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 4 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 5 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in the experimental group 6 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the coconut trees in experimental group 7 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1: 1. Configure different antifreeze: 1.1. Preparation of cooked rice slurry: Mix rice and water in a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:90, grind them, and boil them for 15 minutes.

[0019] 1.2. Preparation of xylan nanocrystals: Preparation of xylan nanocrystals by acid hydrolysis: xylan was mixed with 2M HCl solution at a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:30, reacted in a water bath at 60°C for 4 hours, then ice water was added for quenching, and then centrifuged and dialyzed to remove acid residues and then freeze-dried to obtain the product.

[0020] 1.3. The formulas of different antifreeze solutions are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0021] According to the formula of each group, the preparation is carried out according to the following preparation process: (1) mixing brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, and xylan nanocrystals / polyvinyl alcohol uniformly to prepare a mixture; (2) mixing the mixture with cooked rice slurry in a mass ratio of 1:10, and then stirring at a high speed of 2000 r / min for 10 min to obtain a mixed emulsion; (3) Evenly mix the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remaining cooked rice slurry to obtain each group of antifreeze solutions.

[0022] Embodiment 2: The coconut tree planting base in Fengmenling, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City was selected as the experimental site. 80 coconut trees with a tree age of 10 were selected as experimental materials and divided into 8 groups on average. Each group of 10 trees was treated with different antifreeze solutions and treatment methods in the winter of 2024. In winter, dead grass / leaves were used to form a circle around the roots of each tree. The specific treatment methods are as follows: HD-1: Antifreeze was diluted 30 times and sprayed on the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees, and sprayed once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / tree each time; Antifreeze was diluted 15 times and sprayed on the trunks and roots of coconut trees, sprayed once every 7 days, with a spraying amount of 250 mL / tree each time; HD-2: Antifreeze was diluted 50 times and sprayed on the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees, and sprayed once every 10 days, with a spraying amount of 800 mL / tree each time; Antifreeze was diluted 10 times and sprayed on the trunks and roots of coconut trees, and sprayed once every 10 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / tree each time; HD-3: Antifreeze diluted 30 times was sprayed on the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees, and sprayed once every 15 days, with a spraying volume of 500 mL per tree each time; HD-4: Antifreeze diluted 10 times was sprayed on the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees, and sprayed once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL per tree each time; The antifreeze and treatment methods used in each group are as shown in Table 2: The specific processing methods are as shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0023] In December 2024, Dongfang City gradually entered winter. According to the temperature forecast, the first treetop and foliage spraying treatment was carried out on November 9, and the first coconut tree trunk and root spraying was carried out on December 14, 2025. The flowering and fruiting of each group of coconut trees were observed in February and early March 2025, and the average number of remaining fruits, average number of fallen fruits and fruit growth of each tree in each group of coconut trees were recorded on February 28, 2025. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0024] Combination Figure 1-8 As shown in Table 3 above, the control group was not treated with antifreeze. After the winter, the fruits basically fell off. As the weather gradually warmed up, fewer new fruits grew. In early March, the new fruits that grew were generally slender and deformed ( Figure 1 ); The coconut trees in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 basically did not drop fruits, and the overall fruit growth was uniform without cracks. When observed in early March, new fruits continued to grow. For details, see Figure 2-3 ; The coconut trees in experimental group 3 had relatively few fruit drops, and some fruits had slight cracks when observed in early March ( Figure 4 ); The experimental group 4 coconut trees had relatively more fruit drop, and the remaining large fruits had obvious cracks when observed in early March ( Figure 5 ); There was basically no fruit drop in experimental group 5, but the overall fruit number was also small. In early March, the overall fruit growth was observed to have some cracks ( Figure 6 ); The overall fruit drop in experimental group 6-7 was relatively small, and the growth was relatively normal in early March ( Figure 7-8 ), but the results were worse than those of experimental groups 1-2.

[0025] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees, characterized in that: The management method comprises the following steps: S1, prepare antifreeze according to the following formula: brassinolide 60-80mg / L + α-phellandrene 50-60mg / L + citrus essential oil 30-60mL / L + xylan nanocrystals 10-12g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30g / L, and the rest is cooked rice syrup; S2. Management of tree branches and leaves: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze solution 30-50 times and spray it on the tree branches and leaves of coconut trees, and spray it once every 10-15 days; S3. Root management: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze solution 10-15 times and spray it on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree every 7-10 days.

2. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooked rice slurry in step S1 is prepared by mixing rice and water in a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:80-100, grinding and then boiling for 10-15 minutes.

3. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the antifreeze solution in step S1 comprises the following steps: S1-1, mixing brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil and xylan nanocrystals uniformly as a mixture for later use; S1-2, the above mixture is mixed with cooked rice pulp in a mass ratio of 1: 8-10, and then homogenized at a high speed of 1200-2000r / min for 10-15min to obtain a mixed emulsion for standby use; S1-3, uniformly mix the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remaining cooked rice slurry to obtain an antifreeze solution.

4. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution used for spraying the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees is 500-800 mL / tree.

5. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying of the antifreeze solution in step S2 is when the lowest temperature is less than 20°C.

6. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution sprayed on the trunk and roots of the coconut trees is 250-500 mL / tree.

7. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying of the antifreeze solution in step S3 is when the lowest temperature of the climate is less than 15°C.

8. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before winter comes, dead grass / leaves are used to form a circle around the roots of the coconut trees.

Images