Mountain earthquake data acquisition and processing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for collecting and processing mountain earthquake data. The method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, surveying a surface structure through an earth surface geological radar technology; s2, carrying out interference wave difference adjustment, recording interference wave survey records in different environments in order to analyze various noise characteristics, carrying out a large amount of statistical analysis on various characteristic values of the noise records, and when a certain environmental factor changes, analyzing the relative change of the characteristic values of the noise records to find out regularity, and proposing a suppression method; then investigating various mixing and secondary interferences after excitation by adopting production arrangement; the invention relates to the technical field of mountain earthquake. According to the mountain earthquake data acquisition and processing method, noise interference factors in the data acquisition process can be well processed, good earthquake data can be provided, good static correction can be performed on the data, good data support is provided for mountain earthquakes, and guarantee is provided for subsequent research work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mountain earthquakes, and in particular to a method for collecting and processing mountain earthquake data. Background Art

[0002] An earthquake is a vibration of the earth's surface caused by the sudden release of energy that has slowly accumulated inside the earth. When the energy accumulated inside the earth during movement exerts a huge pressure on the earth's crust that exceeds the limit that the rock layer can withstand, the rock layer will suddenly break or dislocate, causing the accumulated energy to be released sharply and spread in all directions in the form of seismic waves, thus forming an earthquake. A strong earthquake is often followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.

[0003] In the process of collecting mountain seismic data, a large number of exploration practices have shown that conventional seismic reflection imaging is not ideal in areas with high and steep structures. Due to the poor excitation and receiving conditions, the obtained seismic data cannot be accurately imaged. In addition, the seismic data is processed by multiple imaging methods, and no matter whether it is pre-stack depth migration or post-stack migration, the relevant processing results cannot be used for interpretation, resulting in stagnation of oil and gas exploration in the exploration area.

[0004] The existing methods for collecting and processing mountain seismic data have various methods in the collection process, but during the processing, due to external factors such as noise interference and some static correction reasons, the precision and accuracy of the processing results are not very good, which leads to poor results in subsequent work and cannot provide good support for mountain seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data, which solves the problem that the methods for collecting and processing mountain seismic data are not very effective.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Investigate the surface structure using surface geological radar technology;

[0008] S2. To analyze the characteristics of various noises, we recorded the investigation records of interference waves in different environments, and conducted a large number of statistical analyses on the various characteristic values ​​of noise records. When a certain environmental factor changes, the relative changes of the characteristic values ​​of noise records are analyzed to find out the regularity and propose suppression methods. Then, we use production arrangement to investigate various mixed and secondary interferences after excitation.

[0009] S3. Set up detection points at the low part of the plain area in the front of the mountain and the slope of the mountain, set up shot points at the top of the mountain, and then conduct forward analysis on the rays of the target layer to determine the parameters of the field observation system;

[0010] S4. Use multi-line joint tomographic static correction technology to construct a near-surface model, from which accurate static correction values ​​are obtained, providing reference data for intersection closure solution, better solving the long-wavelength static correction problem, and cooperating with the maximum energy residual static correction algorithm, three-dimensional surface consistency residual static correction technology and non-surface consistency residual static correction technology to further improve the processing of short-wavelength static correction;

[0011] S5. Use accurate and reasonable velocity analysis parameters to achieve effective optimization of the velocity spectrum. Then use the residual static correction technology and the velocity analysis method to further improve the parameter accuracy. Next, focus on picking up the velocity spectrum, picking up the longitudinal and transverse encrypted velocity spectrum points, shallow reflection wave energy clusters and other data, and find out the velocity change law in the work area. Finally, determine the encrypted velocity analysis points, and focus on selecting the areas with drastic velocity changes in the main structure of the area, so as to improve the accuracy of velocity picking and analysis.

[0012] S6. Process the collected seismic data to obtain a seismic profile and a depth velocity model.

[0013] Preferably, in S2, there is obvious lateral propagation of disturbance in the terrain changes, such as in deep gullies and steep cliffs. Strong high-speed secondary disturbance waves can be stimulated at each protruding hill or ridge, and secondary interference is also generated in the surface rock changes, and interference such as sound waves can be seen.

[0014] Preferably, in S4, denoising technology is also used. On the basis of completing static correction, surface consistency noise suppression technology, frequency-space domain coherent noise suppression technology, noise attenuation and other technical means are used to complete wave field, spectrum analysis and filter scanning, so as to obtain information such as interference wave type and noise frequency band, complete pre-stack denoising and post-stack fine denoising, and finally wave group consistency processing, mainly by adopting spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation, amplitude compensation and other technical means to ensure that different survey lines reflect the same wave group characteristics, minimize the difference between amplitude and frequency, and achieve consistent processing of reflected wave groups.

[0015] Preferably, the S4 also includes pre-stack denoising, which suppresses high and low frequencies in sections to avoid interference with notch waves. After editing strong sound waves and strong pulses, the above two must be cut off, and the first arrival wave is cut off using space-varying or time-varying methods to avoid the impact on shallow reflection data.

[0016] Preferably, in S6, when dealing with complex structural imaging problems, the migration profile should be obtained through post-stack time migration first, and then the DMO technology and DMO velocity analysis method should be used to eliminate the influence of the formation dip angle and obtain the root mean square velocity. Next, the migration velocity field and profile quality are optimized to obtain high-quality migration imaging effects.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The mountain seismic data collection and processing method includes S1, investigating the surface structure through surface geological radar technology; S2, performing interference wave adjustment. In order to analyze various noise characteristics, interference wave investigation records under different environments are recorded, and a large number of statistical analyses are performed on various characteristic values ​​of noise records. When a certain environmental factor changes, the relative changes of the characteristic values ​​of noise records are analyzed to find out the regularity, propose a suppression method, and then use production arrangement to investigate various mixed and secondary interferences after excitation; it can handle the noise interference factors in the data collection process very well, provide good seismic data, and perform good static correction on the data, further ensuring the accuracy of the data, providing good data support for mountain earthquakes, and providing guarantee for subsequent research work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Investigate the surface structure using surface geological radar technology;

[0023] S2. To analyze the characteristics of various noises, we recorded the investigation records of interference waves in different environments, and conducted a large number of statistical analyses on the various characteristic values ​​of noise records. When a certain environmental factor changes, the relative changes of the characteristic values ​​of noise records are analyzed to find out the regularity and propose suppression methods. Then, we use production arrangement to investigate various mixed and secondary interferences after excitation.

[0024] S3. Set up detection points at the low part of the plain area in the front of the mountain and the slope of the mountain, set up shot points at the top of the mountain, and then conduct forward analysis on the rays of the target layer to determine the parameters of the field observation system;

[0025] S4. Use multi-line joint tomographic static correction technology to construct a near-surface model, from which accurate static correction values ​​are obtained, providing reference data for intersection closure solution, better solving the long-wavelength static correction problem, and cooperating with the maximum energy residual static correction algorithm, three-dimensional surface consistency residual static correction technology and non-surface consistency residual static correction technology to further improve the processing of short-wavelength static correction;

[0026] S5. Use accurate and reasonable velocity analysis parameters to achieve effective optimization of the velocity spectrum. Then use the residual static correction technology and the velocity analysis method to further improve the parameter accuracy. Next, focus on picking up the velocity spectrum, picking up the longitudinal and transverse encrypted velocity spectrum points, shallow reflection wave energy clusters and other data, and find out the velocity change law in the work area. Finally, determine the encrypted velocity analysis points, and focus on selecting the areas with drastic velocity changes in the main structure of the area, so as to improve the accuracy of velocity picking and analysis.

[0027] S6. Process the collected seismic data to obtain a seismic profile and a depth velocity model. Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0028] In the present invention, in the S2, there is obvious lateral propagation of disturbance in the terrain changes, such as in deep gullies and steep cliffs. Strong high-speed secondary disturbance waves can be stimulated on each protruding hill or ridge, and secondary interference is also generated in the surface rock changes, and interference such as sound waves can be seen.

[0029] In the present invention, in S4, denoising technology is also used. On the basis of completing static correction, surface consistency noise suppression technology, frequency-space domain coherent noise suppression technology, noise attenuation and other technical means are used to complete wave field, spectrum analysis and filter scanning, so as to obtain information such as interference wave type and noise frequency band, complete pre-stack denoising and post-stack fine denoising, and finally wave group consistency processing, mainly by adopting spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation, amplitude compensation and other technical means to ensure that different survey lines reflect the same wave group characteristics, minimize the difference between amplitude and frequency, and achieve consistency processing of reflected wave groups.

[0030] In the present invention, the S4 also includes pre-stack denoising, which suppresses high and low frequencies in sections to avoid interference with notch waves. After editing strong sound waves and strong pulses, the above two must be cut off, and the first arrival wave is cut off using a space-varying or time-varying method to avoid the shallow reflection data being affected.

[0031] In the present invention, in S6, when dealing with complex structural imaging problems, the migration profile should be obtained by post-stack time migration first, and then the DMO technology and DMO velocity analysis method should be used to eliminate the influence of the formation dip angle to obtain the root mean square velocity, and then the migration velocity field and profile quality should be optimized to obtain high-quality migration imaging effects.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Investigate the surface structure using surface geological radar technology; S2. Perform interference wave modulation and analyze various noise characteristics; S3. Set up detection points at the low part of the plain area in the front of the mountain and the slope of the mountain, set up shot points at the top of the mountain, and then conduct forward analysis on the rays of the target layer to determine the parameters of the field observation system; S4. Use multi-line joint tomographic static correction technology to construct a near-surface model, from which accurate static correction values ​​are obtained to provide reference data for intersection closure solution, and cooperate with the maximum energy residual static correction algorithm, three-dimensional surface consistency residual static correction technology and non-surface consistency residual static correction technology to further improve the processing of short-wavelength static correction; S5. Use velocity analysis parameters to achieve effective optimization of velocity spectrum, then use residual static correction technology and velocity analysis method to further improve parameter accuracy. Then start from the velocity spectrum picking link, pick up vertical and horizontal encrypted velocity spectrum points and shallow reflection wave energy group data, and find out the velocity change law in the work area. Finally, determine the encrypted velocity analysis points, and focus on selecting the areas with drastic velocity changes in the main structure of the area, so as to improve the accuracy of velocity picking and analysis. S6. Process the collected seismic data to obtain a seismic profile and a depth velocity model.

2. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the interference wave investigation records under different environments are recorded, and a large number of statistical analyses are performed on the various characteristic values ​​of the noise records. The relative changes in the characteristic values ​​of the noise records when a certain environmental factor changes are analyzed to find out the regularity and propose a suppression method. Then, production arrangements are used to investigate the various generated and secondary interferences after excitation.

3. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S4, denoising technology is also used. On the basis of completing static correction, surface consistency noise suppression technology, frequency-space domain coherent noise suppression technology, and noise attenuation technology are used to complete wave field, spectrum analysis and filter scanning, so as to obtain interference wave type and noise band information, complete pre-stack denoising and post-stack fine denoising, and finally wave group consistency processing. By adopting spherical divergence and absorption attenuation compensation and amplitude compensation technology, it is ensured that different survey lines reflect the same wave group characteristics, minimize the difference between amplitude and frequency, and realize consistent processing of reflected wave groups.

4. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 also includes pre-stack denoising, which suppresses high and low frequencies in sections to avoid interference with notches. After editing strong sound waves and strong pulses, the above two must be removed, and the first arrival wave is removed using space-varying or time-varying methods to avoid the impact on shallow reflection data.

5. The method for collecting and processing mountain seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, when dealing with complex structural imaging problems, the migration profile is first obtained through post-stack time migration, and then the DMO technology and DMO velocity analysis method are used to eliminate the influence of the formation dip angle and obtain the root mean square velocity. Next, the migration velocity field and profile quality are optimized to obtain high-quality migration imaging effects.

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