Degenerated grassland in-situ remediation system based on three-dimensional spatial layering

Abstract

The invention discloses a degraded grassland in-situ remediation system based on three-dimensional space layering, and relates to the technical field of degraded grassland remediation, the degraded grassland in-situ remediation system comprises a high-altitude energy collection area, an earth surface vegetation remediation area and an underground rainwater storage and use area, the ground vegetation restoration area comprises an energy storage device, a rainwater collection barrel and a rotary sprinkling irrigation machine, and the underground rainwater storage and use area comprises a reservoir and a water transportation and distribution pipeline network. Rainwater can be completely collected and distributed according to needs; meanwhile, the composite solar panel constructed in a layered mode is used for shading, sunlight is collected, and adjustable shading is conducted on the plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of degraded grassland restoration, and particularly relates to an in-situ restoration system for degraded grasslands based on three-dimensional space stratification. Background Art

[0002] The research status of grassland degradation and restoration is summarized as follows.

[0003] Regarding the foreign research status and trends, in recent years, the community ecology theory based on functional traits, the ecosystem top-down effect principle, the threshold model, and the integrated filtering model have become the latest theoretical basis for degraded grassland restoration (Halassy et al., 2016). Gauch (1977) used the group average method and the polar ordination method to conduct a comparative analysis of the community succession of grassland plants; Hahn (2005) proposed a model of the interaction between climate change, livestock quantity, and vegetation in the semi-arid region of South Africa, believing that climate change is the cause of the instability of the grass-livestock system; Javier Ibanez (2007) et al. simulated the dynamic process of the livestock quantity-grassland-soil system in desertified grasslands, believing that overgrazing destroys vegetation and increases soil erosion, ultimately leading to grassland degradation. The research on grassland governance technology began in the mid-19th century. European countries took the lead in using methods such as fertilization and soil moisture regulation to improve grasslands. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand also studied the vegetation restoration technology of degraded grasslands through methods such as fertilization, irrigation, reseeding, plowing, scarifying, burning, introducing exotic species, and fencing (Bradshaw, 1983). For example, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service improved grasslands by loosening the soil in the eastern part of Wyoming in a certain year; in 1995, in the chernozem zone of Siberia, a shallow plowing method was used to improve grasslands dominated by the rhizomatous grass Bromus inermis, and good improvement effects were obtained; Atsbha (2019) showed that fencing has an obvious impact on vegetation restoration; Sarah et al. (2019) analyzed the response of arid grassland productivity and plant size to fencing; Karami et al. (2019) showed that too long a fencing time reduces the vegetation coverage and productivity of degraded grasslands.

[0004] In the mid-20th century, grasslands around the world generally degraded, and restoration and reconstruction were incorporated into the management objectives of grassland ecosystems. Grassland restoration also shifted from single-technique improvement to systematic comprehensive management, forming restoration and management techniques with the main ideas of maintaining biodiversity, optimizing the configuration of community structure, and repairing soil and seed banks (Valle et al., 2015). Bobbink (1993) analyzed the impact of mowing on the restoration of species diversity in abandoned chalk grasslands in the Netherlands. The results showed that mowing twice a year could effectively reduce the thickness of the litter layer, and the species diversity of the soil seed bank increased significantly; Eschen et al. (2009) studied the effects of aboveground and underground environments in grasslands and fallow lands at different succession stages on the survival and growth of Centaurea cyanus seedlings. Compared with abiotic factors, mycorrhizal fungi were more important factors for their survival. Therefore, when selecting to increase specific species, attention should be paid to the selection of the underground environment; Fagan et al. (2010) compared and analyzed the restoration processes of the seed banks and aboveground plant communities in lowland calcareous grasslands with different restoration years. The research results showed that there were obvious differences between the soil seed bank communities and aboveground communities at all sites, while restoration years, isolation degree, soil nutrients, etc. had little impact on the soil seed bank communities; et al. (2011) comprehensively reviewed the most widely used technical methods (including natural succession, mixed seed sowing, etc.) in the process of grassland restoration in Europe, and evaluated the practicability, feasibility, restoration cost, time, etc. of different technical methods from the perspective of restoring the species diversity of vegetation. It was considered that natural succession should be a major option in the absence of rapid expected results, while when restoring the target area in a large area or in a short time, it was recommended to adopt the method of mixed seed sowing; Since vegetation can comprehensively reflect the regional climate and environment, studying the relationship between grassland vegetation and climate change and regional environment in a specific area is of great significance for vegetation reconstruction and ecological environment restoration. Yan et al. (2011) pointed out in their research that water can increase the raw materials for plant photosynthesis, and thus has a significant effect on improving the net primary productivity of grassland ecosystems. Each rainfall can increase the soil moisture content and water storage capacity, and grassland enclosure can improve the resource utilization efficiency of each rainfall. Moreover, as the enclosure time prolongs, the soil moisture content and water storage capacity after each rainfall continue to increase, and the active layer of soil moisture also deepens. During this process, the accumulation of soil organic matter brought about by the vegetation restoration in the grassland area has an improving effect on the physical properties of the soil, and the improvement of soil properties will in turn play a positive feedback role in grassland ecological restoration.

[0005] In summary, it can be seen that foreign theories and methods on ecological restoration of degraded grasslands are worthy of learning and reference. However, in terms of restoration technology, due to the diversity of grassland utilization methods in my country, the complexity of degradation processes and mechanisms, and the apparent characteristics of high productivity and high diversity, the value of learning and reference is relatively low. We need to focus on the technical bottlenecks in the ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of degraded grasslands in my country, carry out a whole set of technical research and integrated demonstration from ecological governance to industrial cultivation, and provide technical support for the harmonious development of my country's grassland and animal husbandry and the ecological environment, and the stable increase in herders' income.

[0006] At the same time, domestic research on grassland degradation and restoration mechanisms is basically synchronized with the international community. In the early days, most of the research focused on the analysis of the succession process of degraded meadow grasslands (Xin Xiaoping et al., 2001). Recently, more attention has been paid to the mechanism research related to vegetation, soil, microorganisms, etc. in the process of grassland restoration (Li et al., 2015; Zhong et al., 2014; Gao Yingzhi et al., 2004; Yin Xiaorui et al., 2010). In terms of grassland management technology research, the types of degraded grasslands in my country are complex and diverse, so diversified restoration technologies are required. At present, the relatively mature grassland restoration technologies in my country include: (1) fencing and enclosure, which protects grasslands by building fences to prevent damage to grasslands caused by human and animal activities; (2) aerial seeding, which uses airplanes to scatter grass seeds on planned and designed plots at a certain height and speed in the air. The characteristics are low investment, large area and fast speed; (3) shallow plowing, which destroys the original turf through shallow plowing, increases soil permeability, promotes soil microbial activity and organic matter decomposition, increases soil temperature accumulation, and promotes the root absorption efficiency of water and mineral nutrients, creating new good conditions for better growth and reproduction of grass; (4) no-tillage seeding, which uses advanced no-tillage machinery to directly sow seeds while loosening the soil, which can avoid the topsoil from turning over, reduce soil moisture evaporation and organic matter loss; (5) In addition to the above restoration technologies, common restoration methods also include zoning rotational grazing and time-limited grazing, which can reduce grass consumption and enable it to grow normally, and will not cause a large reduction in grass due to overgrazing (Sun Haiyan, 2018).

[0007] Although there are currently various grassland restoration technologies in China, they mainly involve engineering and agronomic measures and lack strong scientific and technological support. Take fencing, which is considered the most cost-effective, labor-saving, and feasible method for restoring degraded grasslands, as an example. Although it can indeed temporarily restore the grassland in the short term, it will hinder the regulation of grassland diversity by grassland animals, the migration of tumbleweeds, affect the accumulation of sand and snow in the natural state of the grassland, and impact the stability of the grassland ecosystem. For a long time, all sectors of society and the industry in China have regarded "determining livestock numbers based on forage availability" and the balance between forage and livestock as the ultimate goal of grazing management, ecological protection, and construction of natural grasslands. "Determining livestock numbers based on forage availability" seems to have been widely recognized (Li Xiaomin et al., 2012). Over the years, people have generally simplified "determining livestock numbers based on forage availability" to the verification of the carrying capacity and reduction of grazing, resulting in a decrease in livestock income and difficulty in popularization. In fact, the management of the balance between forage and livestock should be a complete system for grazing management. Verifying the carrying capacity is of course one of the important contents of the management of the balance between forage and livestock, but it is by no means the whole of it. Currently, there is a popular view that herdsmen do not scientifically determine livestock numbers based on forage availability. Therefore, overgrazing is severe, leading to serious degradation of the grassland (Yang Li et al., 2005).

[0008] Some scholars also believe that due to the non-linear laws of grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions, even if a reasonable grazing pressure is determined, it may not necessarily enable the grassland to transform from one state to another and ultimately reach a stable balance. In arid and semi-arid regions, the impact of climate change is much greater than the regulation of the carrying capacity. The temporal and spatial heterogeneity of grasslands has a greater impact on the verification of the carrying capacity (Jia Youling, 2005). From this perspective, there are still many deficiencies in the basic theoretical research on determining livestock numbers based on forage availability.

[0009] At the same time, the restoration of grassland ecology should be diversified, intensive and scientific, and a sound monitoring and evaluation system should be formulated. Analyzing the overall situation across the country, grassland degradation has led to the degradation of the ecosystem, reduced resistance to interference, and weakened ability to maintain ecological balance. Take the typical grassland in Inner Mongolia as an example. Due to the increase in grazing duration or intensity, the rhizomatous grass community dominated by Leymus chinensis has gradually degenerated into a tufted grass community dominated by Stipa grandis and Stipa krylovii. If overgrazing continues, the grassland will further degenerate into a Potentilla acaulis desertified grassland with Potentilla acaulis as the dominant species. Therefore, the degradation of the grassland ecosystem not only includes changes in the vegetation community coverage, but also includes changes in the dominant plant species, a decline in the quality and yield of forage grass, the loss of species diversity, and further affects the structure and function of the ecosystem. It is not possible to simply judge grassland restoration based on the height, density and biomass of grassland plants. Instead, discrimination criteria should be established based on the diversity, stability and structural and functional perfection of the grassland ecosystem. The currently common monitoring and evaluation index for grassland restoration in China is vegetation coverage, which is mainly reflected by the data of the vegetation index (NDVI). However, due to the limitations of data accuracy and insufficient discrimination of vegetation species, this method cannot truly reflect the specific situation of grassland restoration, and a large number of in-situ monitoring is still needed to improve the discrimination accuracy of the degree of ecosystem degradation. When evaluating the degree of grassland ecological restoration, the quality evaluation of soil restoration should also be strengthened. The succession and change of plant communities will affect the soil shape, and further affect the occurrence, structure, productivity and succession of the community. In the work of grassland ecological restoration, it is necessary to fully understand the degree of soil degradation and take measures according to local conditions to achieve good results.

[0010] Based on comprehensive domestic research, there is currently no reasonable and mature integrated model of restoration technologies for damaged ecosystems with different distribution types and degradation degrees of degraded grasslands in China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt scientific means and effective governance measures according to different degraded grassland types and different degradation degrees, aiming at the main direction, taking precise measures, integrating and innovating the grassland ecological restoration technology system and a win-win model for sustainable production development, enhancing the scientific and technological support capacity for degraded grassland ecological restoration, and providing scientific and technological support for degraded grassland ecological restoration and high-quality development in different regions.

[0011] In this study, the Bashang area in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province was used as the object of reference. This area is located at the boundary of the interaction between the continental climate and the monsoon climate in China. It combines the production characteristics of dryland farming and grassland animal husbandry. At the same time, it is an important water source area in the downwind Beijing-Tianjin region and an important ecological security barrier to prevent soil wind erosion and desertification expansion, with very important ecological strategic significance. However, in recent years, due to the combined influence of natural and human factors, the significant temperature difference, dry air, strong wind, and frequent droughts in the Bashang grassland have accelerated the desertification and alkalization of the soil, damaged the grassland ecosystem, and severely degraded the grassland pastures. In this context, it is urgent to carry out research and demonstration on the ecological restoration technology of degraded pastures and develop an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly pasture restoration technology. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ restoration system for degraded pastures based on three-dimensional space stratification.

[0013] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0014] An in-situ restoration system for degraded pastures based on three-dimensional space stratification, characterized in that: it includes an aerial energy collection area, a surface vegetation restoration area, and an underground rainwater storage and use area. The aerial energy collection area includes a solar energy collection device. The surface vegetation restoration area includes an energy storage device, a rainwater collection barrel, and a rotary sprinkler. The underground rainwater storage and use area includes a reservoir and a water distribution pipeline network. The solar energy collection device is set in an open area with a higher terrain on the pasture and no obvious terrain obstruction. The water distribution pipeline network connects the rainwater collection barrel and the rotary sprinkler on the surface and the reservoir.

[0015] Furthermore, the solar energy collection devices are radially distributed relative to the slope and multiple devices can be docked. The solar energy collection device includes a solar panel, a solar column, and a solar base. The solar panel is a high-efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic panel. There are two diagonal braces between the solar panel and the solar column. A diversion trough is provided below the solar panel, and a rainwater collection barrel is provided below the water outlet end of the diversion trough.

[0016] Furthermore, a self-cleaning device is provided above the solar panel. The self-cleaning device includes a cleaning plate, a first pulley, and a motor. The motor is connected to the cleaning plate through a rope bypassing the first pulley.

[0017] Furthermore, the reservoir is located at a natural water collection depression, and a protective isolation belt is set within a 5-meter range around the pool body.

[0018] Furthermore, the water supply and distribution pipeline network includes a water storage pipe and a water delivery pipe. The reservoir is connected to the rainwater collection barrel through the water storage pipe, and the reservoir is connected to the rotary sprinkler through the water delivery pipe. The rotary sprinkler is directly connected to a diversion pipe through the water delivery pipe. A diversion pipe is connected between the rainwater collection barrel and the reservoir. A water pump is provided on the water delivery pipe. A diversion pipe is provided at a position near the barrel mouth of the rainwater collection barrel. When the rainwater collection barrel is full of rainwater, it flows into the reservoir through the diversion pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, the installation inclination angle of the solar panel is set at 35°-45°.

[0020] Furthermore, a water level sensor is provided in the reservoir, and the water level sensor adopts a high-precision static pressure type or ultrasonic type sensor.

[0021] Furthermore, the energy storage device is arranged in a special protection box. The special protection box has the functions of waterproofing, heat dissipation and anti-theft, and is placed in a cool and ventilated place near the photovoltaic panel array.

[0022] Furthermore, a bottom plate is provided between the solar panel and the solar column. A shading thin plate is provided between the bottom plate and the solar panel. A second pulley is provided above the bottom plate. A wire winding block is provided on the side of the solar column. The thin wire on the wire winding block passes through the first pulley and is connected to the solar panel.

[0023] Furthermore, two sliding rails are provided on the bottom plate perpendicular to the direction of the diversion groove. The bottom of the shading thin plate is provided with sliding rails matching the sliding rails of the bottom plate.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows:

[0025] The in-situ restoration system for degraded grasslands based on three-dimensional space stratification of the present invention optimizes water resources through its innovative design. By efficiently collecting natural precipitation, a reservoir is set up according to the terrain of the grassland, and a smart water storage and distribution system is configured to achieve "fully collecting rainwater as it should be and distributing it as needed". Using solar panels for shading has multiple benefits. It not only collects sunlight but also shades plants, controls the intensity and duration of light, and creates a stable and suitable microclimate. Using solar energy as the core driving force gets rid of the dependence of traditional grassland restoration technologies on external power grid power supply or fuel power generation equipment. Solar energy is inexhaustible, clean and environmentally friendly, can operate stably in remote grasslands, greatly reduces the long-term operation and maintenance costs, ensures the sustainability of the restoration project, conforms to the concept of ecological friendliness, and reduces the secondary impact of carbon emissions and energy extraction and transportation on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ restoration system for degraded grasslands based on three-dimensional space layering provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a front view of a solar energy device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a perspective view of a solar energy device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a front view of a second solar energy device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a perspective view of a second solar energy device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a slide rail of a layered solar panel of a second solar energy device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a general idea technical roadmap provided by the present invention;

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 1 - solar panel; 2 - solar energy column; 3 - solar energy base; 4 - energy storage device; 5 - diversion channel; 6 - first pulley; 7 - motor; 8 - cleaning plate; 9 - diagonal brace; 10 - rain collection barrel; 11 - reservoir; 12 - water pump; 13 - rotary sprinkler; 14 - water storage pipe; 15 - water delivery pipe; 16 - water level sensor; 17 - wire mixing block; 18 - shading thin plate; 19 - bottom plate; 20 - slide rail; 21 - second pulley. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The main research content of the technical research of the present invention is outlined as follows (the general technical roadmap is as Figure 7 shown).

[0040] Corely, from the perspective of engineering technology, it is especially necessary to create a set of in-situ restoration technology systems for degraded grasslands that regulate solar energy rain collection, shade, evaporation reduction, and energy consumption reduction. In response to the phenomena of reduced high-quality forage and scattered bald patches in grassland degradation, as well as the problem of being difficult to recover in the short term due to water and heat conditions, and considering the constraint of water source shortage on grazing areas, starting from increasing available precipitation resources, combined with the climate characteristics of less precipitation and strong evaporation in the Bashang area, conduct research on mobile solar energy rain collection, shade, evaporation reduction, and energy consumption reduction restoration technology. Focus on researching the system composition, runoff generation and collection, and water storage methods of rain collection and shading devices, analyze and determine the height, scale, density, distribution, etc. of rain collection and shading devices. At the same time, study the impact of solar panel shading on the evapotranspiration, water consumption, and yield of forage in different plots and regions, determine the appropriate solar panel coverage area, structure, and angle, and develop key technologies for rainwater collection and efficient utilization to provide technical support for the in-situ restoration and quality improvement of degraded grasslands.

[0041] Meanwhile, complementarily, from the perspective of management technology, it is also necessary to construct a grass-livestock balance technology system that combines determining livestock numbers based on forage availability and controlling grass growth through livestock grazing. First, determine livestock numbers based on forage availability. By studying the variation laws of grassland vegetation under different grazing management conditions such as different grazing utilization systems, different grazing intensities, seasonal grazing bans, and rotational grazing, and monitoring the vegetation after grazing in different seasons, judge the grazing utilization degree, that is, use the biological indicators of the forage itself, including the plant height and biomass of the remaining forage, to formulate the thresholds of the plant height and biomass of the remaining forage, so as to determine the grazing utilization degree of the grassland and provide a scientific basis for reasonably determining the livestock carrying capacity, and improve the scientific and technological support ability for determining livestock numbers based on forage availability; Second, control grass growth through livestock grazing. In response to the impact of grazing on the plant species composition and soil physical properties of the grassland, through the research on the grazing paths and areas and grazing preferences of different types of animals, develop restoration technologies for degraded grasslands that regulate the behavior paths of grassland animals; at the same time, based on the vegetation monitoring situation after grazing, develop technologies for peak shaving, replenishing dry periods, and improving the quality of the grassland biomass. During the peak growth season of the grassland, artificially harvest the grassland left due to the grazing preferences of animals and make it into grass feed for retention to supplement the needs in winter and spring, maintaining the diversity of the grassland ecosystem while improving the productivity of the grassland. By developing a grass-livestock balance technology that combines determining livestock numbers based on forage availability and controlling grass growth through livestock grazing, restore the vegetation of degraded grasslands and improve the production level of the grassland, which can not only maintain the health of the grassland vegetation but also be beneficial to the development of grassland animal husbandry, thus promoting the harmonious development of grassland resources and grassland animal husbandry.

[0042] Secondly, it is also necessary to conduct research on the health monitoring of degraded grasslands, the evolution characteristics of landscape patterns, and the driving factors. Using questionnaire surveys, remote sensing images, and measured data, and with the help of the ArcGIS platform, analyze the local residents' awareness of grassland degradation in the Bashang area of Zhangjiakou, and study the change characteristics of landscape patterns (such as fragmentation, diversity, etc.) during the process of grassland degradation; clarify the spatial differences in the three evaluation indicators of the current degraded grasslands in terms of area, coverage, and productivity, reveal the spatial distribution law of the degradation trends represented by the evaluation indicators, and use each evaluation indicator to divide the grassland degradation grades in the study area, providing a scientific basis for proposing targeted ecological restoration technical measures. Select pastures with different ecological restoration measures, and from the perspective of water-soil-vegetation, evaluate the ecological restoration effects, including aboveground biomass, coverage, species richness of grassland vegetation, and ecological indicators such as underground soil organic matter, soil water content, and soil compaction, as well as economic indicators such as the input-output ratio of herdsmen, the yield and quality of livestock products, to evaluate the grassland health status.

[0043] To address the above issues, adopt the overall idea of "background investigation → experimental analysis → technology research and development → model construction → popularization and application". Taking the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands in the Bashang area of Zhangjiakou as the theme, with the spatio-temporal coupling, comprehensive regulation, and system integration of water-soil-air-ecology as the main line, overall plan the systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts. On the basis of analyzing the changes in landscape patterns of grassland degradation and the division of degradation grades, focus on carrying out the ecological restoration effects, grassland health monitoring and evaluation of degraded grasslands, providing a theoretical basis for systematically restoring the grassland ecosystem and enhancing the pertinence and long-term effectiveness of ecological restoration; on this basis, carry out the innovation and application of key technologies for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands in the Bashang area of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, including the rainwater collection, shade shading, evaporation reduction, and energy consumption reduction restoration technology based on solar panels, the grassland animal behavior path regulation restoration technology, and the grass-livestock balance technology combining grass-based livestock raising and livestock-controlled grassland management, construct a technical model for realizing the coordinated development of ecological restoration of degraded grasslands and grassland animal husbandry, and promote regional green development and the increase of farmers' income.

[0044] Background investigation level: Through data collection, remote sensing investigation and on-site investigation and sampling, a comprehensive and systematic investigation and analysis are carried out on the key elements such as the residents' awareness of grassland degradation, the area, coverage and productivity of degraded grasslands in the study area. Experimental analysis level: Based on the results of the background investigation and analysis, a combination of indoor and outdoor experiments and long-term field fixed-point observations is adopted to calculate ecological indicators including above-ground biomass, coverage, species richness of grassland vegetation, and underground soil organic matter, soil water content, soil compaction, etc., as well as economic indicators such as the grazing utilization degree of the grassland, the input-output ratio of herdsmen, and the yield and quality of livestock products, so as to monitor and evaluate the ecological restoration effect of degraded grasslands and the health of grasslands. Technology R & D and model construction level: Based on the principles of geography, eco-hydrology, landscape ecology, soil science, vegetation community science, etc., R & D is carried out on rainwater harvesting, shading, evaporation reduction and energy consumption reduction restoration technology based on solar panels, grassland animal behavior path regulation restoration technology, and grass-livestock balance technology combining grass-based livestock and livestock-controlled grass, and the optimal ecological restoration plan for degraded grasslands in Bashang, Zhangjiakou, Hebei is formed. Promotion and application level: The Saibei Management Area is selected as the research object, including different types of grasslands (natural grasslands and artificial grasslands), an integrated demonstration area for ecological restoration technology of degraded grasslands in Bashang, Zhangjiakou, Hebei is established, and it is promoted in other areas of Bashang.

[0045] The technical content of the present invention focuses on the above-mentioned core key technical problems, that is, how to collect and efficiently utilize the limited precipitation resources through solar panels, and at the same time combine the improvement of site conditions such as shading, evaporation reduction and energy consumption reduction and the screening of vegetation types to fundamentally solve the technical problem of the adverse impact of climate conditions on the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, and special R & D and technical system construction are carried out. (Relatedly, regarding how to develop a timely and local grass-livestock balance technology combining grass-based livestock and livestock-controlled grass to realize the coordinated development of ecological restoration of degraded grasslands and grassland animal husbandry, these technical achievements will be applied for patents in another case).

[0046] Example Two

[0047] The in-situ restoration system for degraded grasslands based on three-dimensional space stratification of the present invention is divided into three regions, as Figure 1 shown: high-altitude energy collection area, surface vegetation restoration area and underground rainwater storage and use area.

[0048] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, the high-altitude energy collection area includes a solar energy collection device. The solar energy collection device is set in an open area with a relatively high terrain in the grassland and no obvious terrain obstruction, and is radially distributed relative to the slope trend and multiple devices can be docked. It includes a solar panel 1, a solar column 2 and a solar base 3. The solar panel 1 is made of high-efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic panels, which have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, strong stability and can adapt to the complex and changeable climate conditions of the grassland. In terms of layout, considering the terrain, lighting and convenience of daily maintenance, it is distributed in a row or staggered pattern in the area with a relatively high terrain in the grassland and no obvious obstruction. There are two diagonal braces 9 between the solar panel 1 and the solar column 2 to increase the fixing force. There is a diversion trough 5 under the solar panel 1, and a rainwater collection barrel 10 is arranged under the water outlet end of the diversion trough 5. When rain hits the solar panel 1, it flows through the diversion trough 5 and converges into the rainwater collection barrel 10 for convenient access at any time.

[0049] The surface vegetation restoration area includes an energy storage device 4, a rainwater collection barrel 10 and a rotary sprinkler 13. The energy storage device 4 is set in a special protective box, which has the functions of waterproof, heat dissipation and anti-theft, and is placed in a cool and ventilated place near the photovoltaic panel array to reduce the line transmission loss. For example, the grassland in the above case needs to be equipped with a battery pack with a total capacity of not less than 200 kWh to ensure that the key equipment water pump 12 can operate normally under the condition of no light for 5 consecutive days. There is a diversion pipe at the position near the mouth of the rainwater collection barrel 10. When the rainwater is full, it flows through the diversion pipe to the reservoir 11. When the rotary sprinkler 13 is in use, the water in the reservoir 11 is pumped out through the water pump 12 for watering the grassland.

[0050] The underground rainwater storage and use area includes a reservoir 11 and a water distribution pipeline network. The reservoir 11 is located at natural water collection depressions, such as terrain lows at the bottom of grassland valleys and the end of runoff convergence lines, etc. With the help of gravity, rainwater naturally converges, reducing the additional pumping energy consumption; a protective isolation belt is set within a range of 5 meters around the pool body to prevent livestock trampling and debris accumulation from affecting water intake; the water distribution pipeline network includes a water storage pipe 14 and a water delivery pipe 15. The reservoir 11 is connected to the rainwater collection barrel 10 through the water storage pipe 14, the reservoir 11 is connected to the rotary sprinkler 13 through the water delivery pipe 15, the rotary sprinkler 13 is directly connected to the diversion pipe through the water delivery pipe 15, and the rainwater collection barrel 10 and the reservoir 11 are connected by a diversion pipe.

[0051] There is a self-cleaning device above the solar panel 1. The self-cleaning device includes a cleaning plate 8, a first pulley 6 and a motor 7. The motor 7 is connected to the cleaning plate 8 through a rope bypassing the first pulley 6. After starting the motor 7, using gravity, the solar panel 1 is cleaned reciprocally, and impurities are discharged with the water flow.

[0052] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, a water pump 12 is installed on the water delivery pipe 15. A dedicated water delivery pipe 15 is led out from the rainwater collection pool and connected to the inlet of the first part of the rotary sprinkler 13. The pipe is made of PVC-M material with high pressure resistance and weather resistance. The pipe diameter is matched according to the flow demand of the sprinkler to ensure sufficient and stable water supply. The water pump 12 is equipped with a water flow sensor inside, which monitors the incoming water flow in real time and feeds it back to the control terminal to achieve closed-loop regulation, ensuring the stable operation of the rotary sprinkler 13 under the set flow and pressure parameters.

[0053] The installation tilt angle of the solar panel 1 is set at 35° - 45°. The installation tilt angle is calculated through professional software simulation or empirical formula based on the local latitude. Generally, it is fine-tuned by ±5° based on the local latitude to ensure maximum sunlight reception throughout the year. For example, in Zhangjiakou area with a latitude of 40°N, the installation tilt angle is set at 35° - 45°.

[0054] A water level sensor 16 is installed in the reservoir 11. The water level sensor 16 adopts a high-precision static pressure type or ultrasonic type sensor to monitor the water level change in real time, and the data is wirelessly transmitted to the intelligent irrigation control terminal. When the water level reaches the set upper limit value, the rainwater collection related equipment is automatically paused (such as operations like replenishing water from an external water source through the water pump 12); when the water level drops to the lower limit of the irrigation start water level, the intelligent irrigation system preferentially allocates water resources according to the preset program and starts the subsequent irrigation process to ensure the reasonable storage and utilization of water resources.

[0055] An optimized solution is to select a suitable rotary sprinkler 13 by comprehensively considering the grassland area, terrain undulation and vegetation distribution characteristics. For large-area and relatively flat grassland areas, a center pivot sprinkler is preferentially selected. Its spraying radius can reach dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters, and the coverage area of a single unit is wide. When laying out, it is accurately installed with the center or geometric center of the grassland as the base point to ensure uniform coverage of the circular spraying range and reduce irrigation dead spots; for grasslands with long and narrow terrain or irregular boundaries, a traveling sprinkler is selected, and the track is flexibly laid according to the terrain trend, and the nozzle angle and range are accurately adjusted to ensure full irrigation. The material of the sprinkler is made of a composite structure of high-strength aluminum alloy and engineering plastic, taking into account both lightweight and corrosion resistance, adapting to the complex climate environment of the grassland and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0056] Example Three

[0057] Such as Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the solar energy collection device in the present invention can also adopt a double-layer plate structure with a retractable design. The key points that are different from the solar energy collection device in the first embodiment are as follows: A bottom plate 19 is provided between the solar panel 1 and the solar energy column. A shading thin plate 18 (a plate with a low construction cost can be used) is provided between the bottom plate 19 and the solar panel 1. A second pulley 21 is provided above the bottom plate 19. A wire-block 17 is provided on the side of the solar energy column. The thin wire on the wire-block 17 passes through the first pulley and is connected to the solar panel 1. Two slide rails 20 are provided on the bottom plate 19 in the direction perpendicular to the flow guide groove. Slide rails 20 that match the slide rails 20 on the bottom plate 19 are provided at the bottom of the shading thin plate 18.

[0058] In the present invention, the solar panel 1 and the shading thin plate 18 are arranged in layers, which can make full use of the three-dimensional space, effectively block the direct sunlight from shining on the plants, reduce the light intensity and duration to which the plants are exposed, reduce the risk of water evaporation and heat damage, and create a suitable temperature and humidity environment for the plants.

[0059] By connecting the solar panel 1 through the wire-block 17, the thin wire and the second pulley 21, the control and adjustment of the shading thin plate 18 can be realized by using a relatively simple and reliable mechanical structure, without a complex electric control system, reducing the cost and the difficulty of maintenance, and adapting to the relatively simple use environment and the relatively low maintenance conditions of the grassland. When the solar light intensity becomes larger, the shading thin plate 18 is pulled open to provide more shading area for the grassland.

[0060] Embodiment 4

[0061] The Bashang area in Zhangjiakou, Hebei is located at the boundary between the continental climate and the monsoon climate in China. This area takes into account the production characteristics of dry farming and grassland animal husbandry. At the same time, it is also an important water source area in the downwind Beijing-Tianjin area and an important ecological security barrier for preventing soil wind erosion and desertification expansion, with very important ecological strategic significance.

[0062] Sampling for the shading investigation of the solar panel 1, where the slope of the solar panel 1 is 37°, the spacing between two rows of solar panels 1 (columns) is 12 meters, the size of a single solar panel 1 is 1.65 meters × 0.95 meters, and 4 pieces form a group, and the size of a group is 1.65 meters × 3.8 meters. The column is a square tube, 3 meters high, with a length and width of 20 × 10 cm. The vertical projection of the solar panel 1 to the south of the column is 1.6 meters, and the vertical projection of the solar panel 1 to the north of the column is 1.6 meters, with a total of 3.2 meters. Currently, the grass growth demarcation line is 1.2 meters to the south of the column and 3.2 meters to the north of the column, with a total of 4.4 meters. The growth of the grass to the north of the column is significantly better than that to the south.

[0063] The results show that the average height of the grass in the shaded quadrat is 40 cm, and that in the non-shaded quadrat is 10 cm; the average height of the grass in the shaded quadrat is 40 cm, and that in the non-shaded quadrat is 10 cm. The following are the data tables Table 2 and Table 3 obtained in the experiment.

[0064]

[0065] Table 2

[0066]

[0067] Table 3

[0068] From the above table, it can be seen that in terms of the average grass height data, the grass in the shaded quadrat reaches up to 40 cm, while that in the non-shaded quadrat is only 10 cm, showing a very significant difference. Shading creates a relatively mild light environment for herbaceous plants, avoiding high-temperature stress and excessive photoinhibition caused by direct sunlight. Watering significantly increases the soil moisture content. Appropriate soil humidity is a key factor for the growth of plant roots. Sufficient water keeps root cells turgid, facilitating root elongation and branching, enabling the expansion of a wider soil space to absorb nutrients, enhancing the plant's fixation ability, and improving the overall drought and lodging resistance of the plant. For the dense roots of grassland herbaceous plants, moist soil promotes the interaction between roots and the inhabitation and reproduction of microbial communities, enhancing the vitality of the soil ecosystem.

[0069] Through its innovative design, the device of the present invention optimizes water resources. By efficiently collecting natural precipitation, the rainwater collection surface is cleverly arranged according to the terrain and precipitation pattern of the grassland, and is paired with an intelligent water storage and distribution system to achieve "collecting all rainwater that should be collected and distributing it as needed"; using solar panels for shading has multiple benefits. It not only collects sunlight but also shades the plants, controls the light intensity and duration, and creates a stable and suitable microclimate; using solar energy as the core driving force gets rid of the dependence of traditional grassland restoration technologies on external power grid power supply or fuel-powered generation equipment. Solar energy is inexhaustible, clean, environmentally friendly and pollution-free, can operate stably in remote grasslands, greatly reduces the long-term operation and maintenance costs, ensures the sustainability of the restoration project, conforms to the concept of ecological friendliness, and reduces the secondary impact of carbon emissions and energy extraction and transportation on the environment.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0071] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification is characterized by: It includes an aerial energy collection area, a surface vegetation restoration area and an underground rainwater storage and utilization area. The aerial energy collection area includes a solar energy collection device. The surface vegetation restoration area includes energy storage equipment, rainwater collection barrels and rotary sprinklers. The underground rainwater storage and utilization area includes a reservoir and a water supply and distribution pipeline network. The solar energy collection device is arranged in an open area with a higher terrain placed on the grassland and without obvious terrain obstruction. The water supply and distribution pipeline network connects the surface rainwater collection barrels and rotary sprinklers and the reservoir.

2. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar energy collection device is radially distributed relative to the slope and multiple devices can be connected. The solar energy collection device includes a solar panel, a solar column and a solar base. The solar panel is a high-efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic panel. Two diagonal braces are arranged between the solar panel and the solar column. A guide groove is arranged below the solar panel, and a rainwater collection barrel is arranged below the water outlet end of the guide groove.

3. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: A self-cleaning device is provided above the solar panel. The self-cleaning device comprises a cleaning plate, a first pulley and a motor. The motor is connected to the cleaning plate by passing a rope around the first pulley.

4. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water reservoir is located in a natural water collection depression, and a protective isolation zone is set within 5 meters around the reservoir body.

5. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water supply and distribution pipeline network includes a water storage pipe and a water delivery pipe. The water reservoir is connected to a rain collecting barrel through the water storage pipe, and the water reservoir is connected to a rotary sprinkler through the water delivery pipe. The rotary sprinkler and the water delivery pipe are directly connected to a diversion pipe. The diversion pipe is connected between the rain collecting barrel and the water reservoir. A water pump is provided on the water delivery pipe. A diversion pipe is provided near the barrel mouth of the rain collecting barrel. When the rain collecting barrel is full of rainwater, the rainwater flows to the water reservoir through the diversion pipe.

6. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation inclination angle of the solar panel is set at 35°-45°.

7. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water level sensor is arranged in the water reservoir, and the water level sensor adopts a high-precision static pressure type or ultrasonic type sensor.

8. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device is arranged in a special protective box, which has waterproof, heat dissipation and anti-theft functions and is placed in a cool and ventilated place near the photovoltaic panel array.

9. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: A base plate is provided between the solar panel and the solar column, a thin shade plate is provided between the base plate and the solar panel, a second pulley is provided above the base plate, a wire mixing block is provided on the side of the solar column, and a thin wire on the wire mixing block passes through the first pulley to connect to the solar panel.

10. The in-situ restoration system for degraded grassland based on three-dimensional spatial stratification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate is provided with two slide rails perpendicular to the direction of the guide groove, and the bottom of the shade sheet is provided with a slide rail matching the bottom plate slide rail.

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