Feed for increasing growth speed of Tibetan chicken in brooding period and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for increasing the growth speed of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of Tibetan chicken feeds, the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing modified carboxymethyl chitosan, preparing an auxiliary feed and granulating, and the auxiliary feed preparation method comprises the following steps: adding lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80 and bromelain into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into a water bath, stirring at a high speed for 25-35 minutes, performing reduced pressure distillation to remove the absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 5-7wt% of a modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, freeze-drying the mixed solution to obtain freeze-dried powder, and spraying a small amount of vaporous tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze-dried powder to obtain an auxiliary feed; the weight of the Tibetan chickens fed with the feed in the brooding period reaches 130.1-134.6 g on 42 days, the shin length is 47-50 mm, the feed-to-weight ratio is 5.37-5.55, and the morbidity is 0.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Tibetan chicken feed, and particularly to a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The meat of Tibetan chickens is more nutritious and of higher quality than that of ordinary chickens, with the characteristics of high protein, low fat, and high energy. However, since the production areas of Tibetan chickens are mostly semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas with complex terrains, inconvenient transportation, and underdeveloped commerce, Tibetan chicken breeding has always been self-breeding and self-raising, and the feeding and management methods are relatively primitive and extensive, basically in a semi-wild state. As a result, Tibetan chickens during the brooding period do not get enough food, and thus have low disease resistance and slow growth.

[0003] In artificial intensive breeding, increasing the feeding amount of feed can improve the growth rate of Tibetan chickens. However, after increasing the feeding amount of feed, the stomachs of Tibetan chickens will be in a full state, increasing the digestive burden on the stomachs, and thus resulting in indigestion. The feed is excreted without being fully digested, reducing the feed utilization rate. Appropriately adding exogenous protease to the feed can improve the digestion and absorption of Tibetan chickens for the feed, increase the feed utilization rate, and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio. However, exogenous protease is easily inactivated in the acidic environment of the stomach, thus affecting the digestion effect.

[0004] Patent CN110973371A discloses a protease feed additive for livestock and poultry and its application. In its technical solution, acidic protease, neutral protease, and alkaline protease are added. The optimal pH range of action of acidic protease is 3-5, and it mainly plays an acid hydrolysis role in the stomach to make up for the deficiency of pepsin caused by the addition of plant-based feed raw materials. The pH applicable range of neutral protease and alkaline protease is 7-11, and they mainly play a role at the small intestine site of livestock and poultry. However, in this technical solution, acidic protease, neutral protease, and alkaline protease are directly mixed with the feed for feeding. After neutral protease and alkaline protease enter the stomach, a large amount of them will be inactivated, and the amount of neutral protease and alkaline protease reaching the small intestine is very small, unable to achieve the digestion effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period and a preparation method thereof, achieving the following invention purposes: increasing the number of proteases in the intestines of Tibetan chickens, improving the digestion and absorption effect, thereby increasing the feed conversion rate, reducing the feed-to-weight ratio, and improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A preparation method of a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens during the brooding period includes the following steps: 1. Prepare modified carboxymethyl chitosan Dissolve carboxymethyl chitosan in deionized water, heat it in a water bath to 60°C - 80°C, then slowly add mannose dropwise over 25 min - 35 min. After the addition is complete, keep it at a constant temperature and continue to react for 5 h - 7 h. Then filter, wash the filter cake with ethanol and deionized water respectively for 2 - 4 times, and dry the filter cake in a constant temperature drying oven at 35°C - 45°C until it reaches a constant weight to obtain modified carboxymethyl chitosan; The mass ratio of the carboxymethyl chitosan, deionized water, and mannose is 0.8 - 1.2∶15 - 25∶2.7 - 2.8.

[0007] 2. Preparation of supplementary feed Add lecithin, cholesterol, Tween - 80, and bromelain to absolute ethanol at 40°C - 60°C, stir at a rate of 860 r / min - 900 r / min for 25 min - 35 min, then let it stand for 1 min - 3 min, and remove the absolute ethanol by vacuum distillation. Then add a 5wt% - 7wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to it, and ultrasonically disperse it in a water bath at 40°C - 60°C for 8 min - 12 min to obtain a mixed solution. After pre - freezing the mixed solution at 0°C - 5°C for 1 h - 3 h, freeze - dry it at - 25°C - 35°C for 10 h - 20 h to obtain a freeze - dried powder. After spraying a small amount of atomized tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze - dried powder using a spraying device, obtain the supplementary feed; The mass ratio of the absolute ethanol at 40°C - 60°C, lecithin, cholesterol, Tween - 80, and bromelain is 200 - 220∶110 - 130∶22 - 26∶8.5 - 9.5∶10 - 14; The vacuum distillation is carried out under a pressure of 0.06 MPa - 0.08 MPa and a temperature of 30°C - 40°C; The mass ratio of the 5wt% - 7wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to lecithin is 8 - 10∶3 - 5; The mass ratio of the freeze - dried powder to the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 0.8 - 1.2∶0.02 - 0.03; The mass fraction of the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 2% - 6%; 3. Granulation Mix highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements evenly, and granulate them into particles with a diameter of 1 mm - 5 mm to obtain the feed; The mass ratio of the highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements is 50 - 60∶12 - 13∶12 - 18∶2.7 - 2.9∶0.2 - 0.4∶4 - 6∶6.7 - 6.9∶0.011 - 0.013∶0.007 - 0.009; The compound vitamin includes VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 , wherein the mass ratio of VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 is 2 - 4∶160 - 240∶0.08 - 0.12∶9 - 11∶0.1 - 0.3∶6.9 - 7.5∶10 - 14∶0.04 - 0.08; The compound trace element includes potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, and the mass ratio of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine is 27 - 31∶5 - 7∶0.7 - 0.9∶0.06 - 0.08∶0.7 - 0.9∶0.005 - 0.009∶0.2 - 0.4; The stone powder is a mixed powder of marble powder and shell powder, and the mass ratio of marble powder to shell powder is 1.5 - 2.5∶0.8 - 1.2.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: For the supplementary feed provided by the present invention, bromelain is encapsulated by liposomes formed by lecithin and cholesterol, which can protect bromelain from being inactivated by gastric acid. Modified carboxymethyl chitosan is adsorbed on the surface of the liposomes, which can enhance the stability of the liposomes. Meanwhile, through the Schiff base reaction, mannose is connected to the modified carboxymethyl chitosan. Mannose can accurately recognize and bind to small intestinal tissues or cells, and release bromelain, thereby accelerating the digestion and absorption of the feed by Tibetan chickens, further improving the resistance of Tibetan chickens. During this period, the incidence rate of Tibetan chickens is 0. At the same time, the utilization rate of the feed is high, the feed - to - weight ratio is 5.37 - 5.55, the growth rate is fast, the average weight reaches 130.1g - 134.6g at 42 days, and the shank length is 47㎜ - 50㎜. Specific embodiments

[0009] Example 1 1. Preparation of modified carboxymethyl chitosan Dissolve carboxymethyl chitosan in deionized water, heat it in a water bath to 70℃, then slowly dropwise add mannose, and the dropping time is 30min. After the dropping is completed, keep the temperature constant and continue to react for 6h. Then filter, wash the filter cake with ethanol and deionized water respectively for 3 times, and then dry the filter cake in a constant - temperature drying oven at 40℃ until it reaches a constant weight to obtain modified carboxymethyl chitosan; The mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan, deionized water, and mannose is 1∶20∶2.74.

[0010] 2. Preparation of supplementary feed Add lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80, and bromelain to absolute ethanol at 50°C. After stirring at a rate of 880 r / min for 30 min, let it stand for 2 min. Remove the absolute ethanol by vacuum distillation. Then add a 6 wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to it and ultrasonically disperse it at 50°C in a water bath for 10 min to obtain a mixed solution. After pre-freezing the mixed solution at 3°C for 2 h, freeze-dry it at -30°C for 15 h to obtain a freeze-dried powder. After spraying a small amount of misty tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze-dried powder using a spraying device, obtain the auxiliary feed; The mass ratio of the absolute ethanol at 50°C, lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80, and bromelain is 210∶120∶24∶9∶12; The vacuum distillation maintains a pressure of 0.07 MPa and a temperature of 35°C; The mass ratio of the 6 wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to lecithin is 9∶4; The mass ratio of the freeze-dried powder to the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 1∶0.025; The mass fraction of the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 4%; 3. Granulation Mix highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, auxiliary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements evenly and granulate them into particles with a diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm to obtain the feed; The mass ratio of the highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, auxiliary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements is 55∶12.6∶15∶2.8∶0.3∶5∶6.8∶0.012∶0.008; The compound vitamins include VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 , and among them, the mass ratio of VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 is 3∶200∶0.1∶10∶0.2∶7.2∶12∶0.06; The compound trace elements include potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine. Among them, the mass ratio of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine is 29∶6∶0.8∶0.07∶0.8∶0.007∶0.3; The stone powder is a mixed powder of marble powder and shell powder, and the mass ratio of marble powder to shell powder is 2∶1.

[0011] Example 2 1. Preparation of modified carboxymethyl chitosan Dissolve carboxymethyl chitosan in deionized water, heat it in a water bath to 60 °C, then slowly add mannose dropwise over 25 min. After the addition is complete, keep the temperature constant and continue the reaction for 5 h. Then filter, wash the filter cake twice with ethanol and deionized water respectively, and dry the filter cake in a constant temperature drying oven at 35 °C until it reaches a constant weight to obtain modified carboxymethyl chitosan; The mass ratio of the carboxymethyl chitosan, deionized water, and mannose is 0.8∶15∶2.7.

[0012] 2. Preparation of supplementary feed Add lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80, and bromelain to absolute ethanol at 40 °C, stir at a rate of 860 r / min for 25 min, then let it stand for 1 min, and remove the absolute ethanol by vacuum distillation. Then add a 5 wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to it, and ultrasonically disperse it in a water bath at 40 °C for 8 min to obtain a mixture. After pre-freezing the mixture at 0 °C for 1 h, freeze-dry it at -25 °C for 10 h to obtain a freeze-dried powder. After spraying a small amount of atomized tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze-dried powder using a spraying device, obtain the supplementary feed; The mass ratio of the absolute ethanol at 40 °C, lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80, and bromelain is 200∶110∶22∶8.5∶10; The vacuum distillation maintains a pressure of 0.06 MPa and a temperature of 30 °C; The mass ratio of the 5 wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to lecithin is 8∶3; The mass ratio of the freeze-dried powder to the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 0.8∶0.02; The mass fraction of the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 2%; 3. Granulation Mix highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements evenly, and granulate them into particles with a diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm to obtain the feed; The mass ratio of the highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements is 50∶12∶12∶2.7∶0.2∶4∶6.7∶0.011∶0.007; The compound vitamins include VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 , where VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12The mass ratio is 2∶160∶0.08∶9∶0.1∶6.9∶10∶0.04; The compound trace elements include potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine, and the mass ratio of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine is 27∶5∶0.7∶0.06∶0.7∶0.005∶0.2; The stone powder is a mixed powder of marble powder and shell powder, and the mass ratio of marble powder to shell powder is 1.5∶0.8.

[0013] Example 3 1. Preparation of modified carboxymethyl chitosan Dissolve carboxymethyl chitosan in deionized water, heat it in a water bath to 80°C, then slowly add mannose dropwise for 35 minutes. After the addition is complete, keep it at a constant temperature and continue to react for 7 hours. Then filter, wash the filter cake with ethanol and deionized water 4 times respectively, and then dry the filter cake in a constant temperature drying oven at 45°C until it reaches a constant weight to obtain modified carboxymethyl chitosan; The mass ratio of the carboxymethyl chitosan, deionized water, and mannose is 1.2∶25∶2.8.

[0014] 2. Preparation of supplementary feed Add lecithin, cholesterol, Tween - 80, and bromelain to anhydrous ethanol at 60°C, stir at a rate of 900 r / min for 35 minutes, then let it stand for 3 minutes, and remove anhydrous ethanol by vacuum distillation. Then add a 7wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to it, and ultrasonically disperse it in a water bath at 60°C for 12 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. After pre - freezing the mixed solution at 5°C for 3 hours, freeze - dry it at - 35°C for 20 hours to obtain a freeze - dried powder. After spraying a small amount of atomized tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze - dried powder using a spraying device, supplementary feed is obtained; The mass ratio of the anhydrous ethanol at 60°C, lecithin, cholesterol, Tween - 80, and bromelain is 220∶130∶26∶9.5∶14; The pressure for the vacuum distillation is maintained at 0.08 MPa and the temperature is 40°C; The mass ratio of the 5wt% - 7wt% modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to lecithin is 10∶5; The mass ratio of the freeze - dried powder to the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 1.2∶0.03; The mass fraction of the tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 6%; 3. Granulation Mix highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins, and compound trace elements evenly, and granulate them into particles with a diameter of 3 mm - 5 mm to obtain feed; The mass ratio of the hulless barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, table salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamin, and compound trace element is 60∶13∶18∶2.9∶0.4∶6∶6.9∶0.013∶0.009; The compound vitamin includes VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 , where the mass ratio of VA, VC, VD, VE, VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 3 , VB 12 is 4∶240∶0.12∶11∶0.3∶7.5∶14∶0.08; The compound trace element includes potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine, where the mass ratio of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine is 31∶7∶0.9∶0.08∶0.9∶0.009∶0.4; The stone powder is a mixed powder of marble powder and shell powder, where the mass ratio of marble powder and shell powder is 2.5∶1.2.

[0015] Comparative Example 1 On the basis of Example 1, the preparation of the supplementary feed in Step 2 is omitted, and bromelain with the same mass as in Example 1 is used instead of the supplementary feed.

[0016] Comparative Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, the preparation of the modified carboxymethyl chitosan in Step 2 is omitted, and the modified carboxymethyl chitosan is changed to carboxymethyl chitosan.

[0017] Test Example Select 500 healthy brooding Tibetan chickens (initial average weight 29.5 g), randomly divide them into 5 groups, with 100 Tibetan chickens in each group, and feed them with the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 respectively. Observe the growth and morbidity of the Tibetan chickens in each group during the period, and count the average weight, shank length, feed quality consumed, and feed-to-gain ratio of the Tibetan chickens in each group on the 42nd day. The feed-to-gain ratio is the ratio of the feed quality consumed on the 42nd day to the increased weight of the Tibetan chickens. The statistical results are shown in Table 1; The specific method of feeding is as follows: (1) The chicks on the first day after hatching are given the first water drink after 8 h. The first water drink is cool boiled water containing 7 wt% glucose. After 4 h of the first water drink, the first feeding is carried out. The amount of the first water drink is 9% of the chick weight, and the amount of the first feeding is 14% of the chick weight.

[0018] (2) After the first water and food feeding, from the 2nd day to the 14th day, feed 8 times a day, with each feeding amount being 2% of the weight of the chicks. Keep the drinking water sufficient and clean every day. The drinking water is cooled boiled water.

[0019] (3) From the 15th day to the 35th day, feed 6 times a day, with each feeding amount being 3% of the weight of the chicks. After the 36th day, feed 4 times a day, with each feeding amount being 5% of the weight of the chicks. Keep the tap water for drinking sufficient and clean every day.

[0020] Table 1

[0021] It can be seen from the above results that: In Comparative Example 1, bromelain was used to replace the supplementary feed. Bromelain is easily inactivated by gastric acid in the stomach. Therefore, the digestive effect is limited. The average weight and shank length in mm at 42 days are both lower than those in Example 1, and the feed-to-weight ratio is higher than that in Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, carboxymethyl chitosan was used to replace the modified carboxymethyl chitosan. The prepared supplementary feed can protect bromelain from being inactivated by gastric acid, but the targeting property is poor, resulting in some bromelain not staying in the small intestine. Therefore, the average weight and shank length in mm at 42 days are both lower than those in Example 1, and the feed-to-weight ratio is higher than that in Example 1.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises preparing modified carboxymethyl chitosan, preparing supplementary feed, and granulating; The method for preparing the supplementary feed comprises: adding lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80 and bromelain to anhydrous ethanol at 40° C. to 60° C., stirring at a rate of 860 r / min to 900 r / min for 25 to 35 min, standing for 1 to 3 min, removing the anhydrous ethanol by reduced pressure distillation, adding a modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain a mixed solution, pre-freezing and freeze-drying the mixed solution to obtain a freeze-dried powder, spraying a small amount of atomized tea polyphenol ethanol solution on the surface of the freeze-dried powder, and vacuum packaging to obtain the supplementary feed; The preparation method of the modified carboxymethyl chitosan comprises the following steps: dissolving the carboxymethyl chitosan in deionized water, heating the water bath to 60° C. to 80° C., then slowly dropping mannose for 25 to 35 minutes, maintaining a constant temperature after the dropping, continuing the reaction for 5 to 7 hours, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the modified carboxymethyl chitosan.

2. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the method for preparing supplementary feed, the mass ratio of anhydrous ethanol at 40°C to 60°C, lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80 and bromelain is 200-220:110-130:22-26:8.5-9.5:10-14, and the reduced pressure distillation is maintained at a pressure of 0.06MPa-0.08MPa and a temperature of 30°C-40°C.

3. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the method for preparing supplementary feed, the mass ratio of modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution to lecithin is 8-10:3-5, the mass fraction of modified carboxymethyl chitosan solution is 5%-7%, the mass ratio of freeze-dried powder to tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 0.8-1.2:0.02-0.03, and the mass fraction of tea polyphenol ethanol solution is 2%-6%.

4. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the modified carboxymethyl chitosan, the mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan, deionized water and mannose is 0.8-1.2:15-25:2.7-2.

8.

5. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granulation method comprises the following steps: evenly mixing highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, compound vitamins and compound trace elements, and granulating the mixture into particles with a diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm to obtain feed.

6. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the granulation method, the mass ratio of highland barley flour, corn flour, fish meal, soybean oil, salt, stone powder, supplementary feed, complex vitamins and complex trace elements is 50-60:12-13:12-18:2.7-2.9:0.2-0.4:4-6:6.7-6.9:0.011-0.013:0.007-0.

009.

7. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the granulation method, the complex vitamins include VA, VC, VD, VE, VB1, VB2, VB3, and VB12, wherein the mass ratio of VA, VC, VD, VE, VB1, VB2, VB3, and VB12 is 2-4: 160-240: 0.08-0.12: 9-11: 0.1-0.3: 6.9-7.5: 10-14: 0.04-0.

08.

8. The method for preparing a feed for improving the growth rate of Tibetan chickens in the brooding period according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the granulation method, the composite trace elements include potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and iodine, wherein the mass ratio of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and iodine is 27-31: 5-7: 0.7-0.9: 0.06-0.08: 0.7-0.9: 0.005-0.009: 0.2-0.4, and the stone powder is a mixed powder of marble powder and shell powder, wherein the mass ratio of marble powder to shell powder is 1.5-2.5: 0.8-1.

2.

9. A feed prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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