Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for improving immunity and oxidation resistance of long-shun green-shell laying hens and preparation method of roxburgh rose pomace powder feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for improving immunity of green-shelled egg-laying hens and a preparation method thereof, and the green-shelled egg-laying hen feed is prepared from corn, soybean meal, corn protein powder, soybean oil, stone powder, a premix and rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder. The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, methionine, calcium, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and sodium chloride. According to the present invention, with the feed, the lipid metabolism of the green-shell laying hen body can be effectively improved, and the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence of the body can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds for poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is a deciduous shrub in the genus Rosa of the Rosaceae family, mainly distributed in the southwestern region of China, especially in Yunnan and Guizhou. It is not only a valuable medicinal plant but also a functional food. Its fruits are rich in effective active ingredients such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols, having various functions such as antioxidant, immune regulation, blood sugar lowering, and can affect intestinal flora and lipid metabolism, preventing atherosclerosis. In recent years, the Rosa roxburghii Tratt. industry in Guizhou Province has developed rapidly. By the end of 2022, the planting scale of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. reached 1400 km 2 , and the fresh fruit output reached 262,000 t. During the processing of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fresh fruits, a large amount of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace is produced, accounting for nearly 50% of the total fresh fruit. These pomaces are not only rich in dietary fiber but also retain a large amount of bioactive ingredients, and are a natural feed raw material with good utilization value.

[0003] Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace can replace some feed raw materials. Added in a certain proportion, it can not only improve the production performance of animals but also regulate lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, the above studies mainly used cattle and sheep, ruminant animals, as experimental animals, and there is no report on laying hens. Therefore, in this study, the specific breed of Changshun green-shell laying hens in Guizhou Province was used as the experimental animal, and a feed added with Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder was rationally formulated for Changshun green-shell laying hens to explore the variation rules of the production performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indexes of laying hens, in order to provide a reference for the scientific utilization of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder in laying hen production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens. The feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens of the present invention can effectively improve the lipid metabolism of the Changshun green-shell laying hen body, and enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune capacity of the body.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens, calculated by weight, is made of 537 - 606.7 parts of corn, 213.5 - 243.3 parts of soybean meal, 5 - 25 parts of corn protein powder, 5 - 25 parts of soybean oil, 70 - 90 parts of stone powder, 20 - 30 parts of premix, and 30 - 90 parts of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. pomace powder.

[0006] The aforementioned roxburghii pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens is calculated by weight: 556.5-580.0 parts of corn, 213.5-225 parts of soybean meal, 16-25 parts of corn protein powder, 10-14 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 60-90 parts of roxburghii pomace powder.

[0007] Specifically, the aforementioned sea buckthorn pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens is calculated by weight: it is made of 580 parts of corn, 225 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of corn protein powder, 14 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 60 parts of sea buckthorn pomace powder.

[0008] The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, niacinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline, calcium, and sodium chloride.

[0009] Specifically, every 25 grams of the premix contains 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of nicotinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride.

[0010] The preparation method of the aforementioned roxburghii pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens is carried out according to the following steps:

[0011] (1) using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 90-110° C. to dry fresh roxburghii pear pomace for 3-5 h, then using a grinder to grind it, passing it through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain roxburghii pomace powder for later use;

[0012] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled to be below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled to be below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, and then the corn coarse powder, soybean meal, corn protein powder, soybean oil and stone powder are weighed according to the formula ratio and mixed, and then the premix and the roxburghii pomace powder are added according to the proportion and fully mixed to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0013] In the foregoing step (1), the fresh Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace was dried at 95 - 105 °C for 3.5 - 4.5 h using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer, and then pulverized using a grinder and sieved through a 50 - 70 mesh sieve to obtain Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder for standby.

[0014] Specifically, in the foregoing step (1), the fresh Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace was dried at 100 °C for 4 h using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer, and then pulverized using a grinder and sieved through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder for standby.

[0015] In the foregoing step (1), the fresh Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace was obtained by belt pressing or screw extrusion of Rosa roxburghii tratt, with a water content of about 50%.

[0016] In the foregoing step (2), the total moisture content was controlled at 10 - 13%, and the corn protein powder, soybean oil and stone powder all met the national feed standards.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] 1. Significantly improve the antioxidant and immune functions of laying hens

[0019] (1) By increasing the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T - AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum, effectively scavenging free radicals and reducing the risk of oxidative stress damage to the body.

[0020] (2) Significantly increase the contents of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), enhance the immune defense ability of laying hens and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0021] (3) Reduce the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), improve lipid metabolism, reduce the abdominal fat rate, inhibit excessive fat accumulation and promote the healthy growth of laying hens.

[0022] 2. Maintain normal production performance and egg quality

[0023] (1) After adding 3% - 9% Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder to the diet, the laying rate, feed - to - egg ratio, feed intake, soft egg rate and broken egg rate of laying hens were not significantly affected, indicating that it has no negative interference on production performance.

[0024] 3. Efficient resource utilization and improved economic benefits

[0025] (1) Convert waste Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace into functional feed raw materials, greatly improve its economic value and resource utilization rate, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0026] (2) The addition process is simple, low - cost and high - safety, and can be quickly applied to large - scale farming, providing an innovative path for the development of by - products of the Rosa roxburghii tratt industry.

[0027] 4. Coordinated development of ecology and industry

[0028] Through the "waste to treasure" model, while reducing the cost of feed production, it promotes the green and circular development of the sea buckthorn processing industry chain, achieving both ecological and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 : Changshun green shell laying hen feed;

[0030] Figure 2 : Chromatogram of metabolites of Rosa roxburghii pomace. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the examples, but is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. The reagents, materials, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources; the test methods used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods.

[0032] Preparation of premix: Every 25 grams of the premix contains 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride.

[0033] The prepared corn gluten meal, soybean oil and stone powder all meet the national feed standards.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] (1) firstly take ripe roxburghii fruit and obtain fresh roxburghii pomace by belt pressing, use a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 100° C. to dry the fresh roxburghii pomace for 4 h, then use a grinder to grind it, pass it through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain roxburghii pomace powder for standby use;

[0036] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, 58.0 kg of corn coarse powder, 22.5 kg of soybean meal, 1.6 kg of corn protein powder, 1.4 kg of soybean oil and 8.0 kg of stone powder are weighed and mixed, and then 2.5 kg of premix and 6.0 kg of roxburghii pomace powder are added and mixed thoroughly to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0037] Embodiment 2:

[0038] (1) firstly take ripe roxburghii fruit and obtain fresh roxburghii pomace by belt pressing, use a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 90° C. to dry the fresh roxburghii pomace for 5 h, then use a grinder to grind it, pass it through a 40-mesh sieve, and obtain roxburghii pomace powder for standby use;

[0039] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, 55.65 kg of corn coarse powder, 21.35 kg of soybean meal, 2.5 kg of corn protein powder, 1.0 kg of soybean oil and 8.0 kg of stone powder are weighed and mixed, and then 2.5 kg of premix and 9.0 kg of roxburghii pomace powder are added and mixed thoroughly to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0040] Embodiment 3:

[0041] (1) firstly take ripe roxburghii fruit and obtain fresh roxburghii pomace by belt pressing, dry the fresh roxburghii pomace for 3 h in a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 110° C., then grind the fresh roxburghii pomace by a grinder, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and obtain roxburghii pomace powder for later use;

[0042] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder. 60.67 kg of corn coarse powder, 24.33 kg of soybean meal, 0.5 kg of corn protein powder, 1.0 kg of soybean oil and 8.0 kg of stone powder are weighed, mixed and crushed into coarse powder, and then 2.5 kg of premix and 3.0 kg of roxburghii pomace powder are added and mixed thoroughly to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0043] Embodiment 4:

[0044] (1) firstly take ripe roxburghii fruit and obtain fresh roxburghii pomace by belt pressing, use a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 95° C. to dry the fresh roxburghii pomace for 4.5 h, then use a grinder to grind it, pass it through a 60-mesh sieve, and obtain roxburghii pomace powder for standby use;

[0045] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, 53.7 kg of corn coarse powder, 24.0 kg of soybean meal, 0.5 kg of corn protein powder, 2.5 kg of soybean oil and 7.0 kg of stone powder are weighed and mixed, and then 2.0 kg of premix and 3.0 kg of roxburghii pomace powder are added and mixed thoroughly to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0046] Embodiment 5:

[0047] (1) firstly take ripe roxburghii fruit and obtain fresh roxburghii pomace by belt pressing, dry the fresh roxburghii pomace for 3.5 h in a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 105° C., then grind it in a grinder, pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and obtain roxburghii pomace powder for standby use;

[0048] (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, 60.0 kg of corn coarse powder, 23.5 kg of soybean meal, 2.5 kg of corn protein powder, 0.5 kg of soybean oil and 9.0 kg of stone powder are weighed and mixed, and then 3.0 kg of premix and 9.0 kg of roxburghii pomace powder are added and mixed thoroughly to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

[0049] In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted a large number of experimental studies, and the experimental process and results are as follows:

[0050] 1. Materials

[0051] 1.1 Rosa roxburghii pomace powder

[0052] The fresh sea buckthorn pomace was dried for 4 h at 100°C using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer, then crushed using a grinder, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside.

[0053] 1.2 Experimental animals

[0054] A total of 96 healthy Changshun green-shell laying hens aged 260 days with no significant difference in body weight were selected.

[0055] 1.3 Instruments and Equipment

[0056] The main instruments and equipment are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Main instruments and equipment

[0058]

[0059] 2. Methods

[0060] 2.1 Experimental design

[0061] A total of 96 Changshun green-shell laying hens aged 260 days were randomly divided into four groups, one control group (CK) and three experimental groups (EG 3 EG 6 EG 9 ), 3 replicates per group, 8 mice per replicate. CK group was fed the basic diet. 3 EG 6 and EG 9Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder was added to the diet at 3%, 6% and 9% respectively, and the basic nutritional levels among groups were ensured to be the same. The preliminary trial period was 1 week, and the formal trial period was 7 weeks. The diet composition and nutritional levels are shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2 Diet composition and nutritional levels (air-dry basis)

[0063]

[0064] Note: The premix provided 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of nicotinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride per kilogram of diet. The nutritional levels are calculated values.

[0065] 2.2 Feeding and management

[0066] During the experiment, all laying hens were raised in three-tier stepped cages in the same chicken house, with free access to food and water. The feed was added three times a day at regular times (7:00, 12:00, 18:00). The light was kept constant for 16 h, combining natural light and artificial light (the light period was 6:00 - 22:00). The temperature and humidity changes in the house were recorded regularly every day, and the egg production, feed intake, etc. were recorded. The health status of the chicken flock was observed, and the chicken house was cleaned and disinfected according to the regulations.

[0067] 2.3 Sample collection

[0068] On the last day of the experiment, after all laying hens were fasted for 12 h (19:00 - 7:00), 9 hens were randomly selected from each group, that is, 3 hens from each replicate. 5 ml of blood was collected from the wing vein into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 10 min to separate the serum, and stored at -80 °C for later use.

[0069] 2.4 Determination indexes and methods

[0070] 2.4.1 Determination of production performance

[0071] In the last week of the feeding period, the number of eggs produced, egg weight, feed intake, and the number of cracked and soft eggs were recorded every day for each replicate group.

[0072] The egg production rate was calculated as follows: Egg production rate (%) = actual number of eggs produced / number of laying hens × 100%.

[0073] Residual feed amount (g): Residual feed amount = Initial added feed amount - Actual consumed feed amount.

[0074] Feed-to-egg ratio: Feed-to-egg ratio = Total daily feed consumption / Total daily egg weight.

[0075] Soft egg rate: Soft egg rate (%) = Soft-shelled eggs / Total number of eggs laid × 100%.

[0076] Broken egg rate: Broken egg rate (%) = Broken-shelled eggs / Total number of eggs laid × 100%.

[0077] Laying hen body weight (kg): After fasting for 12 h, weigh each laying hen using an electronic scale.

[0078] 2.4.2 Egg quality determination

[0079] In the last two days of the experiment, randomly select 3 eggs with intact appearance and similar average egg weight from each replicate group, for a total of 72 eggs.

[0080] Eggshell color: Use a color difference meter to measure the egg tip, middle, and blunt end, and calculate the average value. The L* value represents lightness, the a* value represents red-green degree, and the b* value represents yellow-blue degree.

[0081] Average egg weight (g): Average egg weight = Total egg weight / Number of eggs laid.

[0082] Egg shape index: Measure the length and width of the egg and calculate the egg shape index. Egg shape index = Longitudinal diameter / Transverse diameter.

[0083] Eggshell strength (N / cm2): Use an eggshell strength meter to detect the eggshell strength. Place the egg with the tip up and the blunt end down on the eggshell strength measuring instrument. When the first crack appears on the eggshell, it is the strength of the eggshell.

[0084] Albumen height (mm): Break the egg on the measuring plate of the albumen height measuring instrument, determine the boundary between the thick albumen and the thin albumen, and measure 3 points in an equilateral triangle shape, and take the average value.

[0085] Yolk color: Use a Roche color fan to grade the yolk color.

[0086] Yolk weight (g): After separating the yolk and albumen using an egg white-yolk separator, measure the yolk weight using an electronic balance.

[0087] Eggshell thickness (mm): Remove the inner shell membrane, and use an eggshell thickness measuring instrument to measure the eggshell thickness at the tip, middle, and blunt end respectively, and calculate the average value of the 3 points.

[0088] Eggshell weight (g): Wash the eggshell, remove the remaining albumen and eggshell membrane, air dry indoors for 48 h, and weigh using an electronic balance.

[0089] Haugh unit: The Haugh unit is calculated based on the measured egg weight and albumen height. Haugh unit = 100 × lg(H - 1.7W 0.37 + 7.57)

[0090] where: H is the albumen height (mm); W is the egg weight (g).

[0091] 2.4.3 Determination of serum biochemical indexes

[0092] Detect the activities of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX 4 ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum, and determine the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The above detection kits were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, and the specific operations were carried out strictly according to the instructions.

[0093] 2.4.4 Abdominal fat rate and immune organ index

[0094] On the last day of the experiment, after fasting all laying hens for 12 h (19:00 - 07:00), 6 hens were randomly selected from each group, that is, 2 hens from each replicate, and they were weighed after being anesthetized to death. Dissect and weigh the abdominal fat and the fat around the gizzard. Abdominal fat rate = fat weight (g) / pre-slaughter fasting live weight (kg) × 100%. Remove the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius, weigh them after removing the fat and blood stains, and calculate the immune organ index [immune organ index = fresh weight of immune organ (g) / pre-slaughter fasting live weight (kg).

[0095] 2.5 Data processing and analysis

[0096] SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. That is, for the data that meet the conditions of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance, the LSD method in one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. For the data that do not meet the above conditions, the Kruskal-Wallis method in non-parametric test was used for comparison, and the results were expressed as "mean ± standard deviation".

[0097] 3. Results and analysis

[0098] 3.1 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on the production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0099] As shown in Table 3, compared with the CK group, there were no significant differences in the laying rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, soft egg rate, broken egg rate, and the body weight of laying hens in the experimental group (P≥0.05). From this, it can be seen that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens has no significant effect on the laying rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, soft egg rate, broken egg rate, and the body weight of laying hens. It shows that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens does not affect their production performance.

[0100] Table 3 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on the production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0101] Item CK <![CDATA[EG 3 > <![CDATA[EG 6 > <![CDATA[EG 9 > Egg production rate / % 0.590±0.097 0.611±0.155 0.646±0.126 0.590±0.077 Feed-to-egg ratio 5.341±1.095 5.078±1.441 4.657±1.140 4.728±0.644 Average daily feed intake (g / bird) 144.097±2.492 145.625±1.141 145.694±1.506 144.722±1.552 Soft egg rate / % 0.010±0.027 0.154±0.374 0.008±0.021 0.000±0.000 Broken egg rate / % 0.059±0.077 0.029±0.058 0.008±0.022 0.009±0.024 Laying hen body weight / kg 2.539±0.336 2.421±0.295 2.421±0.289 2.428±0.339

[0102] Note: Different capital letters in the superscripts of the same row of data indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same lowercase letters or no superscripts indicate no significant differences (P≥0.05).

[0103] 3.2 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on the egg quality of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0104] As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the CK group, the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens had no significant effect on the average egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, albumen height, egg yolk color, egg yolk weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and Haugh unit. Only in the EG 3 experimental group, the L* value representing brightness increased significantly (P<0.05). It shows that in the EG 3 experimental group, the eggshell brightness increased somewhat.

[0105] Table 4 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on the egg quality of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0106]

[0107] Note: Different capital letters in the superscripts of the same row of data indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same lowercase letters or no superscripts indicate no significant differences (P≥0.05).

[0108] 3.3 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on the serum biochemical indexes of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0109] As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the CK group, the serum T-AOC and SOD activities in the experimental group increased somewhat. Among them, in the EG 6 group, T-AOC and in the EG 9The SOD group increased significantly (P<0.05). The content of serum MDA in the experimental group decreased to some extent, but the difference was not significant (P≥0.05). The contents of serum TC and TG in the experimental group showed a downward trend with the increase of the addition amount of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder. Compared with the CK group, the serum TC concentration in the experimental group decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), EG 6 and EG 9 The serum TG concentration in the group decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the contents of serum LDL-C and HDL-C (P≥0.05). Compared with the CK group, EG 6 and EG 9 The serum IgA content in the group increased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), EG 9 The serum IgG content in the group increased significantly (P<0.05).

[0110] Table 5 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on serum biochemical indexes of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0111]

[0112] Note: Different capital letter superscripts in the same row of data indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01), different lowercase letter superscripts indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same lowercase letter superscripts or no superscripts indicate no significant differences (P≥0.05).

[0113] 3.4 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on abdominal fat rate of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0114] As can be seen from Table 6, the abdominal fat rates of the experimental groups all decreased to some extent. Therefore, it is considered that the Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens has a certain effect of inhibiting abdominal fat accumulation.

[0115] Table 6 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on abdominal fat rate of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0116]

[0117] 4. Discussion

[0118] 4.1 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0119] Different feed formulations can not only regulate the health status of laying hens, but also affect their production capacity. This study found that adding 3%, 6% and 9% of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder to the diet of Changshun green-shell laying hens had no significant effect on egg production rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, soft egg rate, broken egg rate and laying hen body weight. It shows that adding 3%-9% of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder in the production of Changshun green-shell laying hens does not affect their production performance.

[0120] 4.2 Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace powder on egg quality of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0121] Egg quality is closely related to the feed composition and nutritional status of laying hens. This study found that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens had no significant effect on average egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, albumen height, yolk color, yolk weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and Haugh unit, only EG 3 In the experimental group, the L* value representing brightness increased significantly, that is, the eggshell brightness increased to some extent.

[0122] 4.3 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on blood biochemical indexes of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0123] Blood biochemical indexes can determine the physiological state of laying hens and are of great significance for their health evaluation. The increase in the levels of SOD, GPX 4 and T-AOC in the body can effectively inhibit the generation of free radicals and protect the body from oxidative stress damage. As a lipid oxidation product, MDA has cytotoxic effects and can directly reflect the degree of lipid peroxidation in the body. This study found that compared with the CK group, the serum T-AOC and SOD levels in the experimental group both increased to some extent, among which EG 6 group had a significant increase in T-AOC and EG9 group had a significant increase in SOD levels. The serum MDA content in the experimental group all decreased to some extent, but the difference was not significant. It shows that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens can improve their antioxidant capacity, and the effect is most obvious when the addition amount is 6%-9%.

[0124] TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C are important indicators reflecting the lipid metabolism status of the body. High blood TG, TC, and LDL-C are important causes of atherosclerosis, but HDL-C plays an anti-atherosclerotic role. This study found that compared with the CK group, the serum TC concentration in the three experimental groups decreased significantly or extremely significantly, and EG 6 and EG 9 groups had a significant or extremely significant decrease in serum TG concentration, but the serum LDL-C and HDL-C contents had no significant changes. It shows that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens can effectively reduce the serum TC and TG contents, and the effect is most obvious when the addition amount is 6%-9%, improving the body's lipid metabolism.

[0125] The level of immunoglobulin in poultry blood is directly related to the strength of its immune function. This study found that compared with the CK group, the serum IgA content in EG 6 and EG 9 groups increased significantly or extremely significantly, and the serum IgG content in EG 9 group increased significantly. It shows that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell laying hens can effectively improve its immune ability.

[0126] 4.4 Effects of Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder on the abdominal fat rate of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0127] The abdominal fat accumulation can reflect the lipid metabolism status of the body to a certain extent. The abdominal fat rate of the Changshun green-shell layer fed with Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed has decreased. Therefore, it is considered that the Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell layer has a certain effect on inhibiting abdominal fat accumulation.

[0128] 5. Conclusion

[0129] The Rosa roxburghii tratt pomace powder feed for Changshun green-shell layer does not affect its production performance and egg quality. However, it can effectively improve the body's lipid metabolism, enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and immune capacity, especially when the addition amount is 6%-9%, the effect is particularly obvious.

Claims

1. A roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is made of 537-606.7 parts of corn, 213.5-243.3 parts of soybean meal, 5-25 parts of corn protein powder, 5-25 parts of soybean oil, 70-90 parts of stone powder, 20-30 parts of premix and 30-90 parts of roxburghii pomace powder.

2. The roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is prepared from 556.5-580.0 parts of corn, 213.5-225 parts of soybean meal, 16-25 parts of corn protein powder, 10-14 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 60-90 parts of roxburghii pomace powder.

3. The roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is made of 580 parts of corn, 225 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of corn protein powder, 14 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 60 parts of roxburghii pomace powder.

4. The roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline, calcium, and sodium chloride.

5. The roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to claim 4, characterized in that: The premix contains 10000 IU of vitamin A, 5000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride per 25 g.

6. The method for preparing the roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method is carried out according to the following steps: (1) using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer at 90-110° C. to dry fresh roxburghii pear pomace for 3-5 h, then using a grinder to grind it, passing it through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain roxburghii pomace powder for later use; (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, the moisture content of the corn is controlled to be below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled to be below 12%, and then the corn is crushed to make coarse powder, and then the corn coarse powder, soybean meal, corn protein powder, soybean oil and stone powder are weighed according to the formula ratio and mixed, and then the premix and the roxburghii pomace powder are added according to the proportion and fully mixed to obtain Changshun green shell laying hen feed.

7. The method for preparing the roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), the fresh roxburghii pear pomace is dried for 3.5-4.5 hours at 95-105° C. using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer, and then crushed using a grinder and sieved through a 50-70 mesh sieve to obtain roxburghii pomace powder for later use.

8. The method for preparing the roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (1), the fresh roxburghii pear pomace is dried for 4 hours at 100° C. using a fully automatic hot air circulation dryer, and then crushed using a grinder and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain roxburghii pomace powder for later use.

9. The method for preparing the roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), the fresh roxburghii pear pomace is obtained by belt pressing or screw extrusion of roxburghii pear, and has a water content of about 50%.

10. The method for preparing the roxburghii pear pomace powder feed for improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of Changshun green-shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (2), the total moisture content is controlled at 10-13%, and the corn gluten meal, soybean oil and rock powder all meet the national feed standards.

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