Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes and preparation method of Chinese patent medicine
By scientifically comparing traditional Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts and using fine process flow to prepare diabetic Chinese patent medicines, the problems of outdated preparation processes and low bioavailability in the existing technology have been solved, and the effect of significantly improving the efficacy and stability has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510539251.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
AI Technical Summary
The existing Chinese patent medicines for diabetes have problems such as outdated preparation processes, low extraction rate of effective ingredients of medicinal materials, and uneven bioavailability, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern clinical treatment.
Granular Chinese patent medicines are prepared through fine process flows such as drying, crushing, sieving, and granulation to improve the bioavailability and stability of the medicine.
It significantly improves the efficacy of the drug, enhances the stability and bioavailability of the drug, reduces side effects, is easy to operate, and is easy to industrially produce.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of diabetes treatment, and in particular to a Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes and a preparation method of the Chinese patent medicine. Background Art
[0002] Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. It is mainly divided into three types: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type, accounting for more than 90% of all diabetes cases. The main symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, thirst, weight loss, and blurred vision. Long-term high blood sugar levels can cause damage to multiple organs, such as the heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. In severe cases, it may lead to complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and amputation.
[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and distinct advantages in preventing and treating diabetes, and has a variety of treatment methods. Chinese patent medicine is a Chinese medicine dosage form that is made of Chinese medicinal materials and processed according to prescribed standards under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory, and has outstanding advantages such as easy to take. At present, it is widely used in clinical practice, but the existing Chinese patent medicines gradually expose problems such as single variety structure, outdated preparation process, low extraction rate of effective ingredients of medicinal materials, and low bioavailability during use, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of modern clinical treatment. Therefore, providing a Chinese patent medicine for diabetes with a simple preparation process, a reasonable composition ratio, and significant efficacy has become a problem that people in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes and a preparation method of the Chinese patent medicine, the purpose of which is to solve the problems of existing Chinese patent medicines for diabetes, such as outdated preparation process, low extraction rate of effective ingredients of medicinal materials, and low bioavailability.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] The present invention provides a Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
[0007] 10-20 parts of astragalus, 8-15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 5-20 parts of kudzu root, 5-15 parts of wolfberry, 1-10 parts of schisandra, 1-10 parts of coptis, 1-10 parts of liquorice, 5-15 parts of bitter melon extract, 1-10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 1-10 parts of green tea extract, 1-10 parts of rhubarb extract, and 1-10 parts of scindapsus extract.
[0008] Furthermore, the preparation process of the bitter melon extract is as follows: bitter melon and ethanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the bitter melon extract.
[0009] Furthermore, the preparation process of the mulberry leaf extract is as follows: mulberry leaves and water are mixed and boiled to obtain the mulberry leaf extract.
[0010] Furthermore, the preparation process of the green tea extract is as follows: green tea and ethanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the bitter melon extract.
[0011] Furthermore, the preparation process of the rhubarb extract is as follows: rhubarb and ethanol solution are mixed and then refluxed to obtain the rhubarb extract.
[0012] Furthermore, the preparation process of the green radish extract is as follows: the green radish leaves and the methanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the green radish extract.
[0013] The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes, comprising the following steps:
[0014] S1, mixing astragalus, salvia miltiorrhiza, kudzu root, wolfberry, schisandra chinensis, coptis root and liquorice, drying, crushing and sieving in sequence to obtain mixed fine powder;
[0015] S2, mixing the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, and mixing the mixture with a binder to granulate to obtain granules;
[0016] S3. The granules are dried, granulated and packaged in sequence to obtain a Chinese patent medicine for relieving diabetes.
[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the particle size of the mixed fine powder is 100-200 meshes.
[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the adhesive comprises starch slurry; the amount of the adhesive is 10-15% of the mass of the mixture; and the particle size of the granules is 1-5 mm.
[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the drying temperature is 60-80° C., and the drying time is 2-4 hours.
[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0021] 1. Improve the efficacy of drugs: The present invention uses a scientific ratio of various Chinese medicinal materials and plant extracts, such as astragalus, salvia miltiorrhiza, kudzu root, wolfberry, schisandra chinensis, coptis chinensis, licorice, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract and scindapsus extract to give full play to the synergistic effect of each component. Astragalus has the effects of invigorating qi and strengthening the exterior, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, salvia miltiorrhiza can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, kudzu root can promote body fluid and quench thirst, wolfberry nourishes the liver and kidneys, schisandra chinensis is astringent, coptis chinensis clears heat and dries dampness, and licorice harmonizes various drugs. The organic combination of these ingredients significantly improves the efficacy of the drug in relieving diabetic symptoms, and has more significant effects of lowering blood sugar and improving insulin resistance compared to single ingredients or traditional formulas.
[0022] 2. Enhance the stability of drugs: The present invention adopts a fine process of drying, crushing, screening, granulation, re-drying, granulation and packaging to ensure the uniformity and stability of drug ingredients. Through these steps, the problems of moisture absorption and agglomeration of drugs during storage and use are effectively avoided, the shelf life of drugs is extended, and the safety of patients' medication is guaranteed.
[0023] 3. Improve the bioavailability of drugs: By making Chinese medicinal materials and plant extracts into granules, the present invention significantly improves the bioavailability of drugs. Granular drugs are easier to dissolve and absorb, can quickly exert their efficacy, reduce the metabolic burden of drugs in the body, and improve the therapeutic effect.
[0024] 4. Reduce side effects: In the prior art, some chemical drugs are often accompanied by significant side effects when treating diabetes, such as liver and kidney damage, gastrointestinal reactions, etc. However, the present invention uses natural Chinese medicine ingredients, which have less toxic side effects, and through the compatibility of multiple ingredients, the side effects of a single ingredient can be offset or reduced, thereby improving the safety of medication. For example, green radish extract and mulberry leaf extract have good antioxidant effects, can protect liver and kidney cells, and reduce drug damage to the body.
[0025] 5. Environmental protection and energy saving: The present invention adopts efficient drying and granulation technology in the preparation process, which reduces energy consumption and waste emissions, and conforms to the green and environmentally friendly production concept. Compared with the traditional preparation method, the present invention has significant advantages in energy saving and emission reduction, and is conducive to the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.
[0026] 6. Easy operation and industrial production: The preparation method of the present invention has clear steps, is easy to operate, and is easy to achieve standardized and large-scale production. The technical parameters of each step are clear, which is convenient for quality control, suitable for industrial promotion and application, can meet market demand, and has good market prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The present invention provides a Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
[0028] 10-20 parts of astragalus, 8-15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 5-20 parts of kudzu root, 5-15 parts of wolfberry, 1-10 parts of schisandra, 1-10 parts of coptis, 1-10 parts of liquorice, 5-15 parts of bitter melon extract, 1-10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 1-10 parts of green tea extract, 1-10 parts of rhubarb extract, and 1-10 parts of scindapsus extract.
[0029] In the present invention, the amount of Astragalus membranaceus used is preferably 12 to 18 parts, and more preferably 14 to 16 parts.
[0030] In the present invention, the dosage of Salvia miltiorrhiza is preferably 10 to 12 parts, more preferably 13 parts.
[0031] In the present invention, the amount of Pueraria root used is preferably 8 to 15 parts, more preferably 10 parts.
[0032] In the present invention, the amount of wolfberry used is preferably 8 to 12 parts, more preferably 10 parts.
[0033] In the present invention, the amount of Schisandra chinensis used is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0034] In the present invention, the dosage of Coptis chinensis is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0035] In the present invention, the amount of licorice used is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0036] In the present invention, the amount of the bitter melon extract used is preferably 8 to 12 parts, more preferably 10 parts.
[0037] In the present invention, the amount of mulberry leaf extract is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0038] In the present invention, the amount of the green tea extract used is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0039] In the present invention, the amount of rhubarb extract used is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0040] In the present invention, the amount of the scindapsus extract is preferably 2 to 8 parts, more preferably 4 to 6 parts.
[0041] In the present invention, the preparation process of the bitter melon extract is as follows: bitter melon and ethanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the bitter melon extract; the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 60-80%, preferably 65-75%, and more preferably 70%; the mass volume ratio of bitter melon and ethanol solution is preferably 1g:5-15mL, and more preferably 1g:10mL; the temperature of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is preferably 50-60°C, and more preferably 55°C; the time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 30-60min, and more preferably 40-50min.
[0042] In the present invention, the preparation process of the mulberry leaf extract is as follows: mulberry leaves and water are mixed and then boiled to obtain the mulberry leaf extract; the mass volume ratio of mulberry leaves and water is preferably 1g:15-25mL, and more preferably 1g:20mL; the boiling extraction temperature is preferably 80-90°C, and more preferably 85°C; the number of boiling extractions is 2-3, and the time for each extraction is 30-90min, and preferably 60min.
[0043] In the present invention, the preparation process of the green tea extract is as follows: green tea and ethanol solution are mixed and then ultrasonic-assisted extraction is performed to obtain bitter melon extract; the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 50-70%, preferably 60%; the mass volume ratio of green tea and ethanol solution is preferably 1g:10-20mL, more preferably 1g:15mL; the temperature of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is preferably 60-70°C, more preferably 65°C; the time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 40-60min, more preferably 50min.
[0044] In the present invention, the preparation process of the rhubarb extract is as follows: rhubarb and an ethanol solution are mixed and refluxed to obtain the rhubarb extract; the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 70-90%, preferably 80%; the mass volume ratio of rhubarb and the ethanol solution is 1g:5-15mL, preferably 1g:10mL; the temperature of the reflux extraction is 50-60°C, preferably 55°C, the number of reflux extractions is 2-3 times, and the time of each extraction is 60-120min, preferably 90min.
[0045] In the present invention, the preparation process of the green radish extract is as follows: the green radish leaves and the methanol solution are mixed and then ultrasonic-assisted extraction is performed to obtain the green radish extract; the volume concentration of the methanol solution is preferably 60-80%, and more preferably 70%; the mass volume ratio of the green radish leaves and the methanol solution is 1g:10-15mL, and more preferably 1g:12mL; the temperature of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is preferably 40-50°C, and more preferably 45°C; the time of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 30-50min, and more preferably 40min.
[0046] The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes, comprising the following steps:
[0047] S1, mixing astragalus, salvia miltiorrhiza, kudzu root, wolfberry, schisandra chinensis, coptis root and liquorice, drying, crushing and sieving in sequence to obtain mixed fine powder;
[0048] S2, mixing the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, and mixing the mixture with a binder to granulate to obtain granules;
[0049] S3. The granules are dried, granulated and packaged in sequence to obtain a Chinese patent medicine for relieving diabetes.
[0050] In the present invention, in step S1, the particle size of the mixed fine powder is 100-200 mesh, preferably 150 mesh.
[0051] In the present invention, in step S2, the adhesive comprises starch slurry; the amount of the adhesive is 10-15% of the mass of the mixture, preferably 11-14%, and more preferably 12-13%; the particle size of the particulate matter is 1-5 mm, preferably 2-4 mm, and more preferably 3 mm.
[0052] In the present invention, in step S3, the drying temperature is 60-80° C., preferably 70° C., and the drying time is 2-4 hours, preferably 3 hours.
[0053] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
[0054] Preparation of bitter melon extract: Select fresh, pest-free bitter melon, clean it, peel and remove the seeds, cut it into uniform small pieces, add the cut bitter melon pieces into 70% ethanol solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, perform ultrasonic assisted extraction at 55°C for 50min, and after the extraction is completed, filter to obtain the extract. The filtered extract is concentrated to a thick paste under reduced pressure, and then spray-dried to obtain bitter melon extract powder, which is used in all the following examples.
[0055] Preparation of mulberry leaf extract: dry, mildew-free mulberry leaves were selected, crushed through a 60-mesh sieve, and the crushed mulberry leaves were added to water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 20 mL. The mixture was boiled and extracted three times at 85°C, each time for 60 minutes. The extracts were combined and filtered to remove the residue. The filtered extract was concentrated to a thick paste under reduced pressure, and then spray-dried to obtain a mulberry leaf extract powder, which was used in all the following examples.
[0056] Preparation of green tea extract: Select high-quality green tea, crush it through a 60-mesh sieve, and add the crushed green tea to a 60% ethanol solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL. Perform ultrasonic assisted extraction at 70°C for 50 minutes. After the extraction is completed, filter to obtain an extract. The filtered extract is concentrated to a thick paste under reduced pressure, and then spray-dried to obtain a green tea extract powder, which is used in all the following examples.
[0057] Preparation of rhubarb extract: dry, mildew-free rhubarb was selected and crushed through 60 meshes. The crushed rhubarb was added to 80% ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL. Reflux extraction was performed twice at 55°C, each extraction time was 90 minutes, and the extracts were combined and filtered to remove the residue. The filtered extract was concentrated to a thick paste under reduced pressure, and then spray-dried to obtain rhubarb extract powder, which was used in all the following examples.
[0058] Preparation of green radish extract: Select fresh green radish leaves without diseases and insect pests, clean them, cut them into uniform small pieces, and add the cut green radish leaves to 70% methanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:12mL. Ultrasonic assisted extraction was performed at 50°C for 40 minutes. After the extraction was completed, the extract was filtered to obtain the extract, and the filtered extract was concentrated to a thick paste under reduced pressure, and then spray-dried to obtain green radish extract powder, which was used in all the following embodiments.
[0059] Example 1
[0060] The raw materials used in the Chinese patent medicine formula of this embodiment are as follows:
[0061] 15 parts of Astragalus, 10 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 15 parts of Pueraria root, 10 parts of Lycium barbarum, 5 parts of Schisandra chinensis, 5 parts of Coptis chinensis, 5 parts of Licorice, 10 parts of Momordica charantia extract, 5 parts of Mulberry leaf extract, 5 parts of Green Tea extract, 5 parts of Rhubarb extract, 5 parts of Scindapsus chinensis extract
[0062] The preparation process of the Chinese patent medicine is as follows:
[0063] Mix Astragalus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Pueraria root, Schisandra chinensis, and Coptis chinensis, dry them at 80°C for 3 hours, and then crush them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed fine powder. Mix the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract, and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, add 12% of its mass starch slurry to the mixture, mix evenly, and granulate it through a granulator to obtain particles with a particle size of 2 mm. Dry the particles at a temperature of 70°C for 2 hours to remove excess moisture. The dried particles are granulated to ensure uniform particle size, and the granulated particles are packaged and packaged in sterile packaging bags.
[0064] Example 2
[0065] The raw materials used in the Chinese patent medicine formula of this embodiment are as follows:
[0066] 18 parts of Astragalus, 15 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 8 parts of Pueraria root, 12 parts of Lycium barbarum, 3 parts of Schisandra chinensis, 7 parts of Coptis chinensis, 2 parts of Licorice, 6 parts of Bitter Melon Extract, 3 parts of Mulberry Leaf Extract, 2 parts of Green Tea Extract, 8 parts of Rhubarb Extract, 7 parts of Scindapsus extract
[0067] The preparation process of the Chinese patent medicine is as follows:
[0068] Mix Astragalus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Pueraria root, Schisandra chinensis, and Coptis chinensis, dry them at 80°C for 3 hours, and then crush them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed fine powder. Mix the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract, and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, add 13% of its mass starch slurry to the mixture, mix well, and granulate it through a granulator to obtain particles with a particle size of 2 mm. Dry the particles at a temperature of 80°C for 2 hours to remove excess moisture. The dried particles are granulated to ensure uniform particle size, and the granulated particles are packaged and encapsulated in sterile packaging bags.
[0069] Example 3
[0070] The raw materials used in the Chinese patent medicine formula of this embodiment are as follows:
[0071] 12 parts of Astragalus, 11 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 16 parts of Pueraria root, 8 parts of Lycium barbarum, 7 parts of Schisandra chinensis, 2 parts of Coptis chinensis, 6 parts of Licorice, 14 parts of Momordica charantia extract, 7 parts of Mulberry leaf extract, 1 part of Green Tea extract, 9 parts of Rhubarb extract, 3 parts of Scindapsus chinensis extract
[0072] The preparation process of the Chinese patent medicine is as follows:
[0073] Mix Astragalus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Pueraria root, Schisandra chinensis, and Coptis chinensis, dry them at 80°C for 3 hours, and then crush them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed fine powder. Mix the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract, and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, add 10% of its mass of starch slurry to the mixture, mix well, and granulate it through a granulator to obtain particles with a particle size of 2 mm. Dry the particles at a temperature of 80°C for 3 hours to remove excess moisture. The dried particles are granulated to ensure uniform particle size, and the granulated particles are packaged and packaged in sterile packaging bags.
[0074] A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024 were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. They took the Chinese patent medicine for relieving diabetes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 respectively. The method of use was oral, 5 capsules each time, three times a day, for 30 consecutive days, and the improvement of the patients' clinical symptoms was observed. The clinical symptom improvement data are shown in Table 1, and the blood sugar control of the patients is shown in Table 2.
[0075] Table 1 Clinical symptom improvement data
[0076]
[0077]
[0078] Table 2 Blood sugar control data
[0079]
[0080] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, more than 70% of the patients had improved symptoms of dry mouth, polydipsia, fatigue and gastrointestinal discomfort. In addition, more than 75% of the patients had a 1% decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level after treatment. This significant effect not only shows that the present invention has excellent performance in controlling blood sugar, but also provides a more reliable treatment for diabetic patients. The reduction in glycated hemoglobin level directly reflects the improvement of long-term blood sugar control in patients, helps to reduce the risk of diabetic complications, and thus significantly improves the quality of life of patients.
[0081] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of astragalus, 8-15 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 5-20 parts of kudzu root, 5-15 parts of wolfberry, 1-10 parts of schisandra, 1-10 parts of coptis, 1-10 parts of liquorice, 5-15 parts of bitter melon extract, 1-10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 1-10 parts of green tea extract, 1-10 parts of rhubarb extract, and 1-10 parts of scindapsus extract.
2. The Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the bitter melon extract is as follows: bitter melon and ethanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the bitter melon extract.
3. The Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation process of the mulberry leaf extract is as follows: mulberry leaves and water are mixed and boiled to extract the mulberry leaf extract.
4. The Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation process of the green tea extract is as follows: green tea and ethanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the bitter melon extract.
5. The Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation process of the rhubarb extract is as follows: rhubarb and ethanol solution are mixed and then refluxed for extraction to obtain the rhubarb extract.
6. The Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation process of the green radish extract is as follows: the green radish leaves and the methanol solution are mixed and then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the green radish extract.
7. The method for preparing the Chinese patent medicine formula for relieving diabetes according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing astragalus, salvia miltiorrhiza, kudzu root, wolfberry, schisandra chinensis, coptis root and liquorice, drying, crushing and sieving in sequence to obtain mixed fine powder; S2, mixing the mixed fine powder, bitter melon extract, mulberry leaf extract, green tea extract, rhubarb extract and scindapsus extract to obtain a mixture, and mixing the mixture with a binder to granulate to obtain granules; S3. The granules are dried, granulated and packaged in sequence to obtain a Chinese patent medicine for relieving diabetes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S1, the particle size of the mixed fine powder is 100-200 meshes.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the adhesive comprises starch slurry; the amount of the adhesive is 10-15% of the mass of the mixture; and the particle size of the granules is 1-5 mm.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S3, the drying temperature is 60-80° C., and the drying time is 2-4 hours.