Passenger-sensing integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage technology, integrated circuit design and battery management systems, and discloses a passport-sensing integrated battery management chip and a battery management system architecture, battery information is collected based on the passport-sensing integrated battery management chip, and unique battery passport information is generated. And then real-time interaction with the BMS main control module is carried out through the daisy chain communication module, so that the health state of the battery is evaluated and managed. The battery cell state data acquisition and traceability functions are realized through the battery cell slave board, the BMS master control module has a fine management function on the battery state, battery safety early warning and daisy chain communication channels are provided to realize real-time interaction between the battery cell slave board information and the BMS master control module information, online and offline information disclosure modes are fused, a collaborative management architecture is established, and the battery cell state data acquisition and traceability functions are realized. Intelligent management and data tracking of the whole life cycle of the battery are realized, and the safety, reliability and traceability of the battery are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, integrated circuit design, and battery management system technology, and specifically to a battery management chip and a battery management system architecture that are integrated with a sensor. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in energy storage devices and vehicles due to their high energy density and long life. However, thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries can easily lead to fires in new energy vehicles and energy storage power stations, causing significant loss of life and property. When the battery is overcharged, overheated, aged or squeezed, it can easily cause thermal runaway, leading to combustion or explosion. In the early stages of thermal runaway, battery parameters such as temperature, voltage, current and deformation will change. By monitoring these parameters, online diagnosis and evaluation of the battery status can be achieved, and early warning can be provided to reduce risks.

[0003] At present, the traditional single-cell lithium-ion battery status acquisition system mainly measures battery temperature, voltage, etc., and has defects such as incomplete monitoring of battery characteristic parameters, low accuracy and poor reliability. As a result, the BMS system cannot effectively and timely handle battery overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, thermal runaway and other faults, posing serious safety hazards. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of more internal battery parameters, such as battery deformation stress, released gas and impedance spectrum, can help provide abnormal warnings, extend battery life and improve operational safety.

[0004] On the other hand, light transport batteries, industrial batteries and power batteries (except for special purposes) circulating in the EU must have a battery passport, which brings opportunities and challenges to my country's battery companies. It will prompt Chinese companies to strengthen recycling and carbon footprint management, promote the sustainable development of the entire industry chain, and enhance the traceability, green design and safety management of products throughout their life cycle. However, the collection of battery passport data includes the entire process of production, operation and maintenance, and recycling, involving raw material companies, manufacturers, operation and maintenance units and third-party platforms. Data storage and disclosure rely on different platforms. The lack of a unified passport information carrier brings great difficulties to passport data management. In addition, the existing battery identity tag technology has no anti-tampering mechanism, and cannot avoid the loss or counterfeiting of battery data due to damage or replacement of the battery identity tag. These factors jointly lead to challenges in data management and sharing, making it difficult to track and manage the battery throughout its life cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture, which has the advantages of a chip-based battery passport with integrated anti-counterfeiting, monitoring, storage and transmission functions, and solves the problem of difficult tracking and management of batteries throughout their life cycle.

[0006] (II) Technical solution To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip, comprising an analog front-end module, a digital core module, a battery management module, an anti-counterfeiting label module and a daisy chain communication module, all of which are connected to an ESD and power management module; The analog front-end module, the digital core module, the battery management module and the anti-counterfeiting label module are connected, and the digital core module, the battery management module, the anti-counterfeiting label module and the daisy chain communication module are connected.

[0007] Preferably, the analog front-end module includes a first amplifier, a second amplifier, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, and an analog-to-digital conversion submodule group and a temperature sensing submodule all connected to the multiplexer, and also includes a compensation and calibration submodule and a reference voltage generation submodule connected to the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group, and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group includes a high-precision analog-to-digital converter, a first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and a second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter; The analog front-end module signal processing method is to obtain data and input it into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group through a multiplexer, and convert it into a digital signal through a high-precision analog-to-digital converter or a first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and a second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter in the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group, and the compensation and calibration sub-module ensures the accuracy of the signal. At the same time, the positive and negative signals in the digital signal are amplified by the first amplifier and the second amplifier to obtain a differential signal, the amplified differential signal is noise-removed, and then input into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group for analog-to-digital conversion, and finally, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the digital core module.

[0008] Preferably, the digital core module comprises a digital core submodule, a communication interface submodule, an oscillator and clock signal submodule, an encryption core submodule and a non-volatile memory which are connected to each other, and the communication interface submodule is connected to a general input and output port; The signal processing method of the digital core module is that the digital core submodule obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, and then the encryption core submodule decrypts the obtained signal. After decryption, the digital core submodule calculates and processes the signal. After processing, the encryption core submodule encrypts the calculated signal. Finally, the encrypted signal is transmitted to the daisy chain communication module via the communication interface submodule. At the same time, the oscillator and clock signal submodule generates a stable clock signal and amplifies the clock signal to coordinate the transmission signal acquisition time with the output time.

[0009] Preferably, the battery management module includes an interconnected balancing submodule, a field effect transistor drive control submodule, an internal digital and analog conversion control submodule, a gate driver and drain monitoring submodule, and an internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule; The signal processing method of the battery management module is that the internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule converts the digital signal output by the analog front-end module into an analog signal, and generates a reference voltage or a control signal after processing. Then, the control signal is input into the field effect transistor drive control submodule so that the gate driver in the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule controls the gate voltage of the field effect transistor, thereby controlling its conduction and cutoff. At the same time, the reference voltage is input into the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule to monitor the drain current of the field effect transistor. The balancing submodule receives the monitoring data and judges and processes different monitoring data to balance the charge and discharge of each battery cell in the battery.

[0010] Preferably, the anti-counterfeiting label module includes a comparison generation submodule, a delay balance submodule and an error and error correction submodule which are interconnected, the comparison generation submodule includes two identical delay chains, and the error and error correction submodule includes an error correction code ECC and an error correction code BCH; The signal processing method of the anti-counterfeiting label module is that the comparison generation submodule obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, the signal enters two delay chains for output comparison, generates a unique signal identifier, and the delay balance submodule adjusts the signal delay in the two delay chains to eliminate errors. At the same time, the error correction code and error correction code in the error and error correction submodule detect and correct the bit errors of the output signal of the comparison generation submodule.

[0011] Preferably, the daisy chain communication module includes an upper end communication submodule, a lower end communication submodule and a serial peripheral interface; The signal processing method of the daisy chain communication module is that the upper communication submodule receives the external device signal and transmits it to the analog front-end module and the digital core module for processing. After the processing is completed, the signal is fed back and transmitted to another external device through the lower communication submodule, wherein the serial peripheral interface SPI is used for data transmission and synchronous communication between devices.

[0012] Preferably, the digital core submodule in the digital core module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule in the battery management module is connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the comparison generation submodule, the error and error correction submodule and the delay balance submodule in the anti-counterfeiting label module are all connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module, the comparison generation submodule is also connected to the encryption core submodule in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the upper communication submodule, the lower communication submodule and the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module, and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module are connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module. The balancing submodule, field effect transistor drive control submodule, internal digital and analog conversion control submodule, gate driver and drain monitoring submodule and internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule in the battery management module are connected; the upper communication submodule, lower communication submodule and serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are also connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module; the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module is also connected to the oscillator and clock signal submodule; the upper communication submodule, lower communication submodule and serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are also connected to the comparison generation submodule and error and error correction submodule in the anti-counterfeiting label module.

[0013] The battery management system architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip includes at least one battery cell slave board and a BMS master control module, wherein the battery cell slave board includes a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and a sensor group; The battery cell slave board and the BMS main control module are electrically connected to each other through the daisy chain communication module to form a daisy chain communication channel.

[0014] Preferably, the BMS main control module includes a parameter monitoring submodule, a passport management submodule, an early warning assessment submodule, a battery management submodule and a communication submodule; The parameter monitoring submodule is used to collect and process parameter information uploaded from the board by the battery cells in real time. The passport management submodule is used to process and store battery information, including battery production information, battery operating status and battery historical data. The early warning evaluation submodule is used to evaluate the battery health status and issue early warnings. The battery management submodule is used to manage the electromagnetic state, including charge state estimation, battery balancing, charge and discharge management, and thermal management. The communication submodule is used for data transmission and control signal exchange.

[0015] Preferably, the battery management system architecture method is: 1) During the battery production stage, each battery cell generates a unique passport from the sensor integrated chip in the board to record the battery information, and transmits it to the passport management submodule of the BMS main control module for storage; 2) Then, when the battery is in use, the battery cell collects the battery information from the board via the sensor group in real time as dynamic data and stores it in the non-volatile memory of the digital core module; 3) Dynamic data is regularly transmitted to the communication submodule of the BMS main control module through the daisy chain communication channel. The parameter monitoring submodule integrates and analyzes the dynamic data through the data processing algorithm. At the same time, the early warning evaluation submodule evaluates the health status of the battery based on the real-time data of the parameter monitoring submodule; 4) Finally, the acquired data is stored or transmitted to the cloud or external devices through the passport management submodule. Among them, the battery management submodule obtains the processed data of the parameter monitoring submodule, the early warning assessment submodule and the passport management submodule, and provides feedback after analysis and integration, and coordinates and controls each submodule.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and a battery management system architecture, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The passport-sensing integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture integrates online and offline information disclosure methods through battery slave boards, BMS master control modules and daisy chain communication channels, builds a collaborative management architecture, realizes intelligent management and data tracking of the entire life cycle of the battery, and improves the safety, reliability and traceability of the battery; 2. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture, based on the factory static information of the battery and the passport element data sent back by the edge, the battery slave board can record production information, remaining power, disassembly manual, accident information, safety measures and cycle times, thereby realizing the collection and traceability of battery status data; 3. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture, based on the uploaded real-time detection data and passport static data, the BMS main control module can calculate or record the battery ID, remaining power, initial self-discharge rate, battery internal resistance, initial energy efficiency information and accident information, etc. It also has the function of fine management of battery status and provides battery safety warning; 4. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture enable real-time interaction between the cell slave board information and the BMS main control module information based on the daisy chain communication channel. Then, the BMS main control module transmits the data to the cloud or external devices, so that the cloud platform can store and process the dynamic data of the passport, and perform complex calculations and visual displays. The cloud data includes production information, traceability information, design information, product carbon footprint, recycling information, due diligence information, etc., which supports the collection, traceability, calculation and query of battery information, and ensures the sustainable use of battery passport information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and battery management system architecture of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip includes an analog front-end module, a digital core module, a battery management module, an anti-counterfeiting label module and a daisy chain communication module, all of which are connected to the ESD and power management modules. The analog front-end module, the digital core module, the battery management module, the anti-counterfeiting label module and the daisy chain communication module are all interconnected.

[0020] It should be noted that the ESD and power management module includes ESD and power management modules. ESD is electrostatic discharge protection, which is directly connected to all input / output ports (general input and output ports GPIOs and serial peripheral interfaces SPI, etc.) and the power management module to protect the chip from external static damage; the power management module provides a stable power supply for all internal sub-modules of the chip, which ensures that each module operates within the appropriate voltage range to ensure the performance and stability of the chip.

[0021] In addition, the ESD and power management module is connected to two pins, VBAT and VSS.

[0022] In this embodiment, the analog front-end module includes a first amplifier (AMP0), a second amplifier (AMP1), a first analog-to-digital converter (DAC0), a second analog-to-digital converter (DAC1), and an analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group and a temperature sensor sub-module (Temp Sensor) all connected to a multiplexer (MUX), and also includes a compensation and calibration sub-module (Compensation and CAlibration) and a reference voltage generation sub-module (VREF Generation) connected to the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group. The analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group includes a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (Sigma Delta ADC), a first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC0), and a second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC1); The signal processing method of the analog front-end module is to obtain the data of each sensor and input it into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group through a multiplexer (MUX), and then convert it into a digital signal through the high-precision analog-to-digital converter (Sigma Delta ADC) or the first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC0) and the second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC1) in the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group. The accuracy of the signal is ensured by the compensation and calibration sub-module (Compensation and CAlibration). At the same time, the positive and negative signals in the digital signal are amplified by the first amplifier (AMP0) and the second amplifier (AMP1) to obtain a differential signal. The amplified differential signal is de-noised and then input into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group for analog-to-digital conversion. Finally, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the digital core module through the interface.

[0023] It should be noted that the first amplifier (AMP0) and the second amplifier (AMP1) are used to enhance the analog signal, and are connected to the first analog-to-digital converter (DAC0) or the second analog-to-digital converter (DAC1), the reference voltage generation submodule (VREFGeneration), the battery management module, the daisy chain communication module and the anti-counterfeiting label module. The first analog-to-digital converter (DAC0) or the second analog-to-digital converter (DAC1) can be connected to amplify the analog signal after analog-to-digital conversion in different scenarios, the reference voltage generation submodule (VREF Generation) is connected to provide a stable reference voltage for the amplifier, the battery management module is connected to provide signal gain for battery management, the daisy chain communication module is connected to output the amplified analog signal to an external device, and the anti-counterfeiting label module is connected to enhance the security signal.

[0024] Among them, the differential signal amplified by the first amplifier (AMP0) and the second amplifier (AMP1) is filtered to remove noise, the multiplexer (MUX) is connected to six pins of VCH, VCL, ADC0_CH0, ADC0_CH1, ADC1_CH0 and ADC1_CH1, the first amplifier (AMP0) is connected to three pins of VP0, VN0 and CMPO1, the second amplifier (AMP1) is connected to three pins of VP1, VN1 and CMPO0, the second analog-to-digital converter (DAC1) is connected to one pin of DAC1, and the first analog-to-digital converter (DAC0) is connected to one pin of DAC0.

[0025] In this embodiment, the digital core module includes interconnected digital core submodules (ARM / RSICVCore), communication interface submodules (Interfaces), oscillator and clock signal submodules (OCS and clocking), encryption core submodules (Encryption Core) and non-volatile memory (EEPROM / FLASH), and the communication interface submodule (Interfaces) is connected to general input and output ports (GPIOs); The signal processing method of the digital core module is that the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, and then the encryption core submodule (Encryption Core) decrypts the obtained signal. After decryption, the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) calculates and processes the signal. After processing, the encryption core submodule (Encryption Core) encrypts the calculated signal. Finally, the encrypted signal is transmitted to the daisy chain communication module through the communication interface submodule (Interfaces). At the same time, the oscillator and clock signal submodule (OCS and clocking) generates a stable clock signal and amplifies the clock signal to coordinate the transmission signal acquisition time with the output time.

[0026] It should be noted that the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) is responsible for processing the digital signals from the first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC0), the second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC1) and the high-precision analog-to-digital converter (Sigma Delta ADC), and controls the battery management module, the anti-counterfeiting label module and the daisy chain communication module; the non-volatile memory (EEPROM / FLASH) is used to store configuration data or programs, and the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICVCore) may read or write these storage devices; the encryption core submodule (Encryption Core) cooperates with the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) to provide encryption functions to ensure data security; the oscillator and clock signal submodule (OCSand clocking) provides a stable clock signal to ensure that all modules work synchronously, and the communication interface submodule (Interfaces) is responsible for the communication between the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) and external devices.

[0027] Among them, general-purpose input and output ports (GPIOs) are used to interact with external devices and are composed of multiple GPIO ports. GPIOs are sometimes designed to be reconfigured for other functions. The slash indicates that the port is reconfigured to a non-ordinary I / O function in a specific application or mode, such as the serial peripheral interface (SPI), debug interface or system control port, so they are collectively referred to as general-purpose input and output ports (GPIOs).

[0028] In addition, the oscillator and clock signal submodule (OCS and clocking) is connected to the external oscillator interface XTAL_IN and XTAL_OUT for providing clock signals.

[0029] In this embodiment, the battery management module includes a balance submodule (Balance control), a field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver Control), an internal digital and analog conversion control submodule (Internal DAC control), a gate driver and drain monitor submodule (Gate driver and Drainmonitor) and an internal digital and analog conversion current monitor submodule (Internal DAC Current monitor) which are interconnected; The signal processing method of the battery management module is that the internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule (InternalDAC Current monitor) converts the digital signal output by the analog front-end module into an analog signal, and generates a reference voltage or control signal after processing. Then, the control signal is input into the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driverControl) so that the gate driver in the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule (Gate driver and Drain monitor) controls the gate voltage of the field effect transistor, thereby controlling its conduction and cutoff. At the same time, the reference voltage is input into the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule (Gate driver and Drain monitor) containing the drain monitoring submodule and the balance submodule (Balance control). The drain monitoring submodule monitors the drain current of the field effect transistor, and the balance submodule (Balance control) receives the monitoring data of the drain monitoring submodule, and judges and processes different monitoring data to balance the charge and discharge of each battery cell in the battery.

[0030] It should be noted that the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver Control) adjusts the battery charge and discharge current by controlling the field effect transistor inside the chip, and is connected to the gate driver and drain monitor submodule (Gatedriver and Drain monitor) to control the current flow and the discharge process of the battery; the balance submodule (Balancecontrol) is connected to multiple battery cells, and the balance control ensures that the voltage of each battery cell is consistent, thereby improving the efficiency and life of the battery pack. It is connected to the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver Control) and the gate driver and drain monitor submodule (Gate driver and Drain monitor) to adjust the voltage level of the battery cell; the gate driver in the gate driver and drain monitor submodule (Gate driver and Drain monitor) controls the field effect transistor switch inside the chip to control the switch state of battery charge and discharge, and the drain monitor submodule monitors the drain current of the field effect transistor. Both are connected to the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver Control) to ensure that the current flow of the battery management system is as expected; the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule (Internal DAC The module is responsible for converting digital control signals into analog signals for use by other modules. These analog signals may be used for multiple key operations in the battery management system, such as battery voltage regulation, current control and other analog signal regulation. In addition, the module is connected with the gate driver and drain monitor submodule, the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver Control) and the balance submodule (Balance control) to generate and provide voltage or current signals for controlling the battery charge and discharge process. The digital core submodule (ARM / RSICVCore) controls the command input to provide digital signals to the battery management module and converts them into analog signals to adjust the battery voltage / current. At the same time, the reference voltage generation submodule (VREF Generation) provides the necessary reference voltage to ensure the accuracy and stability of the output signal.The internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule (Internal DAC Current monitor) monitors the current signal generated by the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule (Internal DAC control) in real time. These signals are used to adjust the battery charge / discharge state. Especially in high-precision battery management systems, accurate current monitoring is very important. It also ensures that the battery management system can track the battery charge / discharge current in real time to prevent problems such as overcurrent or current instability. In addition, its internal internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule (Internal DAC Currentmonitor) directly monitors the current signal output by the internal internal digital and analog conversion control submodule (Internal DAC control) to ensure the stability and accuracy of the current signal, provide feedback for necessary adjustments, and can also feed back the monitored current data to the battery management system to help adjust the battery charge and discharge strategy. In addition, it is also connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core). The digital core receives data from the internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule (Internal DAC Current monitor) and performs real-time current adjustment based on these data to ensure that the battery charge and discharge process is always within a safe range. ;

[0031] In addition, the battery management module is connected to four pins: VDR, VSW, VBAT and VSS.

[0032] In this embodiment, the anti-counterfeiting label module includes a comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF), a delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) and an error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) which are connected to each other. The comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) includes two identical delay chains. The comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) is respectively connected to the encryption core submodule (EncryptionCore) and the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core), and the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) is connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core); The signal processing method of the anti-counterfeiting label module is that the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, and the signal enters two of the delay chains for output comparison to generate a unique signal identifier. The delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) adjusts the signal delay in the two delay chains to eliminate errors. At the same time, the error correction code ECC and error correction code BCH in the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) detect and correct the bit errors of the output signal of the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF).

[0033] It should be noted that the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) is directly connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core). The digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) uses the unique key generated by the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) for authentication and encryption operations. For example, the digital core can use the key generated by the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) for secure data transmission, encryption / decryption operations, etc. At the same time, the key generated by the encryption core submodule (Encryption Core) can be used to encrypt and decrypt data to protect confidentiality during data transmission. In addition, the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) can also communicate with external devices (such as host, server) through external interfaces (such as serial peripheral interface SPI) to provide secure identity authentication; the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) module is connected to the comparison generation submodule (CPSPUF) module to ensure that the key or identity information obtained from the anti-counterfeiting label module remains accurate and consistent during transmission and storage. Through the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH), the key generated by the anti-counterfeiting label module can be error detected and corrected. During operation, the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) also cooperates with the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICVCore). The digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) uses the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) to perform error checking during data encryption and decryption to ensure the correctness of the ciphertext data. The error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) can also be connected to the external device interface to ensure the data integrity of the external device when communicating with the chip, especially in long-distance transmission; the delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) is connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV The clock control and data path synchronization parts of the core are connected to ensure the accuracy of data transmission and timing. The signals inside the core need to be synchronized through the delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence). The delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) is connected with other security modules, such as the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) and the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH). It is to ensure that the signal transmission between different modules is synchronized during the encryption and authentication process to avoid data inconsistency or errors caused by timing errors. Among them, the delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) will affect the timing control of the external interface to ensure that data transmission will not go wrong due to timing problems when exchanging data with external devices.

[0034] In addition, the anti-counterfeiting label module is connected to three pins: PAD_PLUAS, PAD_SENSE1 and PAD_SENSE2.

[0035] In this embodiment, the daisy chain communication module includes an upper communication submodule (DIO TOP), a lower communication submodule (DIO BOT) and a serial peripheral interface (SPI); The signal processing method of the daisy chain communication module is that the upper communication submodule (DIO TOP) receives the external device signal and passes it to the analog front-end module and the digital core module for processing. After the processing is completed, the signal is fed back through the lower communication submodule (DIO BOT) to another external device. Among them, the serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used for data transmission and synchronous communication between devices.

[0036] It should be noted that the serial peripheral interface (SPI) communicates with external devices through the SPI protocol; the upper communication submodule (DIO TOP) usually refers to the upstream (or top) device in the daisy chain communication module. In the daisy chain connection, the DIO TOP is located at the starting end of the chain and is responsible for data sending or initial communication; the lower communication submodule (DIOBOT) refers to the downstream (or bottom) device in the daisy chain communication module. In contrast to the DIO TOP, the DIO BOT is located at the end of the chain and receives data or instructions from the upstream device.

[0037] In addition, the daisy chain communication module is connected with five pins: DIOTOPp, DIOTOPn, DIOTOPp / MOSI, DIOTOPn / SCK and MISO.

[0038] In this embodiment, the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) in the digital core module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule (InternalDAC control) in the battery management module is connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF), the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) and the delay balancing submodule (Delay Balence) in the anti-counterfeiting label module are all connected to the digital core submodule (ARM / RSICV Core) in the digital core module, the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) is also connected to the encryption core submodule (Encryption Core) in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the upper communication submodule (DIO TOP), the lower communication submodule (DIO BOT) and the serial peripheral interface (SPI) in the daisy chain communication module are all connected to the balance submodule (Balance control) and the field effect transistor drive control submodule (Mos driver) in the battery management module. The daisy-chain communication module is connected to the digital core module (ARM / RSICVCore), the serial peripheral interface (SPI) in the daisy-chain communication module is also connected to the oscillator and clocking submodule (OCS andclocking), the upper communication submodule (DIO TOP), the lower communication submodule (DIO BOT) and the serial peripheral interface (SPI) in the daisy-chain communication module are also connected to the comparison generation submodule (CPS PUF) and the error and error correction submodule (ECC / BCH) in the anti-counterfeiting label module.

[0039] In this embodiment, the battery management system architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip includes at least one battery cell slave board and a BMS master control module, and the battery cell slave board includes a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and a sensor group; The battery cell slave board and the BMS main control module are electrically connected to each other through the daisy chain communication module to form a daisy chain communication channel.

[0040] In this embodiment, the BMS main control module includes a parameter monitoring submodule, a passport management submodule, an early warning assessment submodule, a battery management submodule and a communication submodule; The parameter monitoring submodule is used to collect and process the parameter information uploaded by the battery cells from the board in real time. The passport management submodule is used to process and store battery information, including battery production information, battery operating status and battery historical data. The early warning evaluation submodule is used to evaluate the battery health status and issue early warnings. The battery management submodule is used to manage the electromagnetic state, including charge state estimation, battery balancing, charge and discharge management, and thermal management. The communication submodule is used for data transmission and control signal exchange.

[0041] In this embodiment, the battery management system architecture method is: 1) During the battery production stage, each battery cell generates a unique passport from the sensor integrated chip in the board to record the battery information, and transmits it to the passport management submodule of the BMS main control module for storage; 2) Then, when the battery is in use, the battery cell collects the battery information from the board through the sensor group in real time as dynamic data and stores it in the non-volatile memory (EEPROM / FLASH) of the digital core module; 3) Dynamic data is regularly transmitted to the communication submodule of the BMS main control module through the daisy chain communication channel. The parameter monitoring submodule integrates and analyzes the dynamic data through the data processing algorithm. At the same time, the early warning evaluation submodule evaluates the health status of the battery based on the real-time data of the parameter monitoring submodule; 4) Finally, the acquired data is stored or transmitted to the cloud or external devices through the passport management submodule. Among them, the battery management submodule obtains the processed data of the parameter monitoring submodule, the early warning assessment submodule and the passport management submodule, and provides feedback after analysis and integration, and coordinates and controls each submodule.

[0042] Among them, in step one, the passport records battery information including battery model, production time, manufacturer and initial capacity as static data, and in step two, the battery information includes voltage data, temperature data, impedance data, pressure data and gas concentration data.

[0043] Example: like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the battery cell is the monitoring object, which mainly includes the battery cell slave board, the BMS main control module and the daisy chain communication channel. Among them, the sensor group on the battery cell slave board includes MEMS gas sensor and stress pressure sensing film. The MEMS gas sensor accurately detects the concentration of gas inside the battery cell by measuring the changes in the electrical characteristics of the gas-sensitive material (such as resistance, capacitance, etc.), especially in critical situations such as thermal runaway; the stress pressure sensing film is used to monitor the stress changes inside the battery in real time, especially in the process of charge and discharge cycle, monitor the expansion situation, and ensure the safety of the battery structure; and the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip on the battery cell slave board has multiple sensing functions, integrating the acquisition and processing functions of signals such as temperature, voltage and impedance, and providing a basis for the real-time processing of various sensor data; in the monitoring process of the BMS main control module, it is used for real-time monitoring, management and feedback of the battery status to ensure that the battery works within a safe and efficient range. In addition, the energy storage converter (PCS system) will also be used in the monitoring process, which is not only responsible for the two-way conversion of electric energy, but also provides excitation signals for the battery cell to achieve impedance measurement.

[0044] Specifically, the sensor group has the following implementation methods for measuring the battery cell temperature, battery cell expansion force, gas, and impedance: For the battery cell temperature measurement, a temperature measurement circuit is constructed using on-chip components compatible with CMOS process, and the temperature information is obtained in real time by closely attaching the temperature sensor submodule (Temp Sensor) on the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip. However, due to the self-heating of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip, there will be a difference between the measured temperature and the actual temperature. Therefore, a physical model between the sensor output temperature, chip power, chip-battery cell thermal resistance and the actual temperature of the battery cell is established. This model effectively compensates for the self-heating effect and ensures the accurate mapping of the measured temperature and the actual temperature of the battery cell. It is suitable for precise temperature monitoring of batteries under complex working conditions to ensure their safe and stable operation.

[0045] For the measurement of the expansion force of the battery cell, a capacitive film pressure sensor can be used but is not limited to it. An ultra-thin and flexible stress pressure-sensitive film sensor suitable for the size of the battery cell is selected and fixed on the surface of the battery cell to ensure that the sensor can cover the key area of ​​the battery cell so as to accurately measure the expansion force. The film sensor is connected to the data acquisition system, which usually includes a pressure acquisition host and sampling system software. Before starting the measurement, an initial preload is applied to the battery cell to ensure that the sensor is in close contact with the surface of the battery cell. During the charging and discharging process, the expansion force changes of the battery cell are monitored in real time. The data acquisition system will record the pressure distribution of the battery cell under different charging and discharging states and generate the corresponding pressure change curve. The improvement of the stress measurement function starts from the selection of stress sensor materials and data correction and analysis. Highly sensitive ultra-thin flexible sensing materials such as piezoelectric materials and carbon nanotube films are selected to ensure that the sensor maintains linear and stable signal output in a wide range of stress changes. The sensor output data is filtered to eliminate measurement noise. At the same time, through the mechanical modeling of the battery cell, the relationship between the expansion force and the internal reaction of the battery cell is analyzed to evaluate the health status of the battery cell, that is, the health status of the battery cell.

[0046] For gas measurement, independent sensors can be used to convert the analog quantity of gas into electrical signals, which can be embedded in the battery cell package or module to establish a physical model of sensor characteristics and environmental factors (temperature, operating voltage, etc.) to evaluate its output characteristics. Optimization design is divided into two aspects: 1) Sensor optimization: improve sensitivity by integrating nanomaterials (such as graphene, oxides, etc.), and adjust the operating temperature or voltage to optimize linearity and dynamic response; 2) Model correction: Establish a physical model of sensor sensitivity, linearity, and response time, and make real-time corrections by adjusting temperature, humidity, etc. to ensure the stability and accuracy of detection in different environments.

[0047] For impedance measurement, the impedance spectrum monitoring method combined with PCS-BMS can be used but is not limited to it. Sinusoidal disturbance signals of different frequencies are applied to the battery cells through PCS, and the voltage frequency domain signals of the battery cells are collected at the same time. The complex frequency response of the disturbance signal in the battery cells is calculated, and the impedance parameters are obtained by establishing a physical model of the battery cell impedance with parameters such as the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the voltage and current signals. The impedance measurement function is expanded, and sinusoidal wave disturbances from low frequency to high frequency are applied to the battery cells through the PCS system to capture the impedance changes of the battery cells under different frequency responses. The complex frequency response is calculated using frequency domain analysis methods such as Fourier transform, and an impedance model is established. Through multi-point impedance measurement, a comprehensive physical model including parameters such as the internal resistance of the battery cell, electrochemical reaction impedance, and diffusion impedance is established, providing a basis for the evaluation of battery cell aging and health status.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Passport-sensor integrated battery management chip, characterized in that, It includes an analog front-end module, a digital core module, a battery management module, an anti-counterfeiting label module, and a daisy chain communication module, all of which are connected to the ESD and power management modules; The analog front-end module, the digital core module, the battery management module and the anti-counterfeiting label module are connected, and the digital core module, the battery management module, the anti-counterfeiting label module and the daisy chain communication module are connected.

2. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog front-end module includes a first amplifier, a second amplifier, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, and an analog-to-digital conversion submodule group and a temperature sensing submodule all connected to the multiplexer, and also includes a compensation and calibration submodule and a reference voltage generation submodule connected to the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group, and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group includes a high-precision analog-to-digital converter, a first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and a second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter; The analog front-end module signal processing method is to obtain data and input it into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group through a multiplexer, and convert it into a digital signal through a high-precision analog-to-digital converter or a first successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and a second successive approximation analog-to-digital converter in the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group, and the compensation and calibration sub-module ensures the accuracy of the signal. At the same time, the positive and negative signals in the digital signal are amplified by the first amplifier and the second amplifier to obtain a differential signal, the amplified differential signal is noise-removed, and then input into the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module group for analog-to-digital conversion, and finally, the processed digital signal is transmitted to the digital core module.

3. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital core module includes a digital core submodule, a communication interface submodule, an oscillator and clock signal submodule, an encryption core submodule and a non-volatile memory which are connected to each other, and the communication interface submodule is connected to a general input and output port; The signal processing method of the digital core module is that the digital core submodule obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, and then the encryption core submodule decrypts the obtained signal. After decryption, the digital core submodule calculates and processes the signal. After processing, the encryption core submodule encrypts the calculated signal. Finally, the encrypted signal is transmitted to the daisy chain communication module via the communication interface submodule. At the same time, the oscillator and clock signal submodule generates a stable clock signal and amplifies the clock signal to coordinate the transmission signal acquisition time with the output time.

4. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management module includes an interconnected balancing submodule, a field effect transistor drive control submodule, an internal digital and analog conversion control submodule, a gate driver and drain monitoring submodule, and an internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule; The signal processing method of the battery management module is that the internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule converts the digital signal output by the analog front-end module into an analog signal, and generates a reference voltage or a control signal after processing. Then, the control signal is input into the field effect transistor drive control submodule so that the gate driver in the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule controls the gate voltage of the field effect transistor, thereby controlling its conduction and cutoff. At the same time, the reference voltage is input into the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule to monitor the drain current of the field effect transistor. The balancing submodule receives the monitoring data and judges and processes different monitoring data to balance the charge and discharge of each battery cell in the battery.

5. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-counterfeiting label module includes a comparison generation submodule, a delay balance submodule and an error and error correction submodule which are interconnected. The comparison generation submodule includes two identical delay chains, and the error and error correction submodule includes an error correction code ECC and an error correction code BCH; The signal processing method of the anti-counterfeiting label module is that the comparison generation submodule obtains the output signal of the analog front-end module, the signal enters two delay chains for output comparison, generates a unique signal identifier, and the delay balance submodule adjusts the signal delay in the two delay chains to eliminate errors. At the same time, the error correction code and error correction code in the error and error correction submodule detect and correct the bit errors of the output signal of the comparison generation submodule.

6. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The daisy chain communication module includes an upper end communication submodule, a lower end communication submodule and a serial peripheral interface; The signal processing method of the daisy chain communication module is that the upper communication submodule receives the external device signal and transmits it to the analog front-end module and the digital core module for processing. After the processing is completed, the signal is fed back and transmitted to another external device through the lower communication submodule, wherein the serial peripheral interface SPI is used for data transmission and synchronous communication between devices.

7. The passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The digital core submodule in the digital core module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule in the battery management module is connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the comparison generation submodule, the error and error correction submodule and the delay balance submodule in the anti-counterfeiting label module are all connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module, the comparison generation submodule is also connected to the encryption core submodule in the digital core module and the analog-to-digital conversion submodule group in the analog front-end module, the upper communication submodule, the lower communication submodule and the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are all connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module. It is connected to the balancing submodule, the field effect transistor drive control submodule, the internal digital and analog conversion control submodule, the gate driver and drain monitoring submodule and the internal digital and analog conversion current monitoring submodule in the battery management module; the upper communication submodule, the lower communication submodule and the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are also connected to the digital core submodule in the digital core module; the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module is also connected to the oscillator and clock signal submodule; the upper communication submodule, the lower communication submodule and the serial peripheral interface in the daisy chain communication module are also connected to the comparison generation submodule and the error and correction submodule in the anti-counterfeiting label module.

8. The battery management system architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes at least one battery cell slave board and a BMS master control module, wherein the battery cell slave board includes a passport-sensor integrated battery management chip and a sensor group; The battery cell slave board and the BMS main control module are electrically connected to each other through the daisy chain communication module to form a daisy chain communication channel.

9. The battery management system architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The BMS main control module includes a parameter monitoring submodule, a passport management submodule, an early warning assessment submodule, a battery management submodule and a communication submodule; The parameter monitoring submodule is used to collect and process parameter information uploaded from the board by the battery cells in real time. The passport management submodule is used to process and store battery information, including battery production information, battery operating status and battery historical data. The early warning evaluation submodule is used to evaluate the battery health status and issue early warnings. The battery management submodule is used to manage the electromagnetic state, including charge state estimation, battery balancing, charge and discharge management, and thermal management. The communication submodule is used for data transmission and control signal exchange.

10. The battery management system architecture of the passport-sensor integrated battery management chip according to claim 9, characterized in that: The battery management system architecture method is: 1) During the battery production stage, each battery cell generates a unique passport from the sensor integrated chip in the board to record the battery information, and transmits it to the passport management submodule of the BMS main control module for storage; 2) Then, when the battery is in use, the battery cell collects the battery information from the board via the sensor group in real time as dynamic data and stores it in the non-volatile memory of the digital core module; 3) Dynamic data is regularly transmitted to the communication submodule of the BMS main control module through the daisy chain communication channel. The parameter monitoring submodule integrates and analyzes the dynamic data through the data processing algorithm. At the same time, the early warning evaluation submodule evaluates the health status of the battery based on the real-time data of the parameter monitoring submodule; 4) Finally, the acquired data is stored or transmitted to the cloud or external devices through the passport management submodule. Among them, the battery management submodule obtains the processed data of the parameter monitoring submodule, the early warning assessment submodule and the passport management submodule, and provides feedback after analysis and integration, and coordinates and controls each submodule.

Images