Apple dwarf rootstock seedling strengthening and branching promoting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to an apple dwarf rootstock seedling strengthening and branching promoting method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, digging dwarf rootstock seedlings from a nursery garden and refrigerating the dwarf rootstock seedlings; s2, the dwarfed rootstock seedlings are taken out and cut back to obtain rootstocks, the scions are grafted to the rootstocks, and grafted seedlings are obtained; s3, grafting seedlings are planted in the middle ten days of March; s4, when buds of the scions of the grafted seedlings germinate to exceed 6 cm, all new branches of the rootstock are removed, and when new shoots at the topmost ends of the scions grow to 15-20 cm, only the new shoots are reserved, and the vertical rods are stable; s5, when the distance between the tops of the new shoots and the ground exceeds 70 cm, a branching promoting agent is sprayed to the tops of the new shoots, and the branching promoting agent is formed by compounding a 50-60-fold solution of benzylamino gibberellic acid and a 50-60-fold solution of thidiazuron according to the equal volume ratio. According to the method, the branching amount and the branching length of the seedlings can be remarkably increased, and an effective solution is provided for solving the problems that single-trunk apple seedlings are slow in crown forming, late in fruiting and low in yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting branch growth of strong seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks. Background Art

[0002] China is the world's largest apple producer and consumer, with the area and output accounting for about half of the world's total. Apples are also China's second largest fruit. After the scale of China's apple production expanded rapidly in the 1990s of the last century, it tended to be stable in the early 21st century. With the passage of time and the development of apple production technology, the apple orchards cultivated with traditional rootstocks in the past had large tree bodies, slow formation, and late fruiting, which were not conducive to mechanized operation. This mode was difficult to meet the needs of modern industrial development. Especially with the reduction and aging of rural labor force, low mechanization rate, insufficient labor, and high labor costs have become prominent problems in apple production, which in turn have brought problems such as low apple yield, poor fruit quality, and low efficiency.

[0003] Apple dwarf rootstocks are the main way to achieve apple dwarf cultivation. By using dwarf rootstocks, the growth of the tree body can be controlled to achieve dwarf cultivation. In developed apple-growing countries such as the United States, Europe, South Korea, and New Zealand, the area of apple dwarf rootstocks has accounted for more than 80% of the total apple area. Since the cost of large seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks with branches imported from developed countries is high, the transportation time is long, and the planting survival rate is low, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved to study the cultivation technology of strong seedlings with multiple branches of dwarf rootstocks locally.

[0004] At present, some breakthroughs have been made in apple dwarf rootstock seedling cultivation, but most of the cultivated seedlings are single-stem small seedlings, and the crown formation of single-stem small seedlings is slow, which cannot meet the needs of industrial development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting branch growth of strong seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for promoting branch growth of strong seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks, the method comprising: S1. Dig out dwarf rootstock seedlings from the nursery and refrigerate them; S2. Take out the refrigerated dwarf rootstock seedlings and cut them short, leaving 30 - 40 cm for the main trunk part to obtain rootstocks, and graft scions onto the rootstocks to obtain grafted seedlings; S3. Plant the grafted seedlings in mid-March; S4. When the buds of the scions of the grafted seedlings germinate more than 6 cm, completely remove all the new branches sprouted from the rootstocks, but do not remove any of the new branches sprouted from the scions. When the topmost new shoot of the scion grows to 15 - 20 cm, only retain this new shoot and set up a pole to stabilize it; S5. When the top of the new shoot is more than 70 cm above the ground, spray a shoot-promoting agent on the top of the new shoot to promote shoot growth. Spray continuously for 2 - 3 times, with an interval of 7 - 10 days each time. The shoot-promoting agent is prepared by mixing 50 - 60 times liquid of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 50 - 60 times liquid of thidiazuron in an equal volume ratio.

[0007] The present invention provides a systematic method for promoting shoot growth of dwarfing rootstocks of apples. By using specific cultivation steps and scientific application of shoot-promoting agents, it promotes the growth of shoots on apple seedlings, and improves indicators such as their height, thickness, effective shoot number, shoot length, and root growth, thereby facilitating the formation of a good tree shape earlier and improving the overall quality and growth efficiency of apple seedlings. The shoot-promoting agent of the present invention is prepared by mixing 50 - 60 times liquid of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 50 - 60 times liquid of thidiazuron in an equal volume ratio. The two act synergistically with significant synergistic effects, providing a strong guarantee for the healthy growth of apple seedlings.

[0008] Further, in S1, the refrigeration temperature is 0 - 1 °C, and the humidity is above 95%.

[0009] Further, in S2, the scion is grafted by tongue grafting. After grafting, the interface is wrapped with plastic cloth, the top of the scion is waxed, and the root of the rootstock is dipped in a fungicide. Grafting is divided into single-bud grafting and multi-bud branch grafting. Among them, the growth of branch-grafted seedlings is strong and they can be outplanted in one year. The growth of single-bud grafting is weak and it is mostly carried out in summer. Generally, branch grafting is carried out indoors from January to March before germination, and the effect of tongue grafting is better.

[0010] Even further, the fungicide includes 200 - 250 times liquid of thiophanate-methyl.

[0011] Further, in S3, the grafted seedlings are planted in the soil according to the distance. 15 - 20 cm of the rootstock is exposed above the ground, the row spacing is 80 - 90 cm, the plant spacing is 25 - 30 cm, and 3000 - 4000 plants are planted per mu.

[0012] Further, in S5, the shoot-promoting agent uses 3000 - 4000 times liquid of Rou Shutong as a diluent.

[0013] Further, the method also includes a fertilization step. When the buds of the scion germinate 5 - 10 cm, 8 - 10 kg of urea is top-dressed per mu, and then once every half month. The second time, 10 - 15 kg of urea is top-dressed per mu.

[0014] Further, the method also includes a watering step. Water 2 - 3 times before promoting shoot growth.

[0015] Further, the method also includes pest and disease control.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The method for promoting branch growth of strong seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks of the present invention can promote the growth of new shoots of apple seedlings, significantly increase the number of branches, facilitate the formation of tree shapes earlier, and ensure good growth in terms of the height, thickness, effective branch number, branch length of the seedlings, and the growth of roots. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0018] Embodiment 1 A method for promoting branch growth of strong seedlings of apple dwarf rootstocks, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Rootstock reserve In the first ten days of November, one-year-old dwarf rootstock seedlings are dug from the nursery and refrigerated in a cold storage at a temperature of 1°C and a humidity of 95%. They are put into the storage immediately after being dug and taken out when it is time for grafting.

[0019] S2. Seedling grafting Two days before grafting from early December to the end of February of the next year, the rootstock seedlings are taken out from the cold storage wooden frames, short-cut at 35 cm, then tongue-grafted, and the interfaces are wrapped tightly with plastic cloth. The top of the scion (with a thickness basically the same as that of the rootstock) is waxed. For the grafted seedlings, the roots are dipped in a fungicide in a bucket, and thiophanate-methyl (Qi Feng 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension, Henan Bisaier Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.) 200-fold solution is selected. The grafted seedlings are stored in a cold storage at 1°C. Every 10 days, the seedlings are inspected to ensure that the roots do not get moldy. Generally, the application multiple of thiophanate-methyl is 500 - 800 times, but it is easy to get moldy under a storage humidity of 95% for 2 - 5 months. Through different concentration tests, we believe that the storage effect is the best at 200 - 250 times.

[0020] S3. Planting First-class seedlings are planted from March 15th to 20th. The row spacing is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm, and 2700 plants are planted per mu. Before planting, the land is leveled and loosened, and the mobile drip irrigation is set up. Then water is applied immediately.

[0021] After watering, pendimethalin herbicide is sprayed on the ground. Each bottle is 200 g, and 40 kg of water is added, that is, 400 times. The spraying effect is better after rain or watering. If there is already a small amount of grass growing, glufosinate-ammonium is added to the herbicide. Water is applied again after 10 days. Do not overwater to avoid low ground temperature and late germination.

[0022] S4. Bud rubbing, pole setting and pest control When the buds on the cuttings sprout to 6 cm, immediately remove the new branches sprouted from the rootstock, but do not remove any of the new branches sprouted from the cuttings. When the topmost new shoot of the cuttings grows to 20 cm, retain this new shoot and remove all other branches. Remove them once every 15 days for a total of 3 times until the buds below no longer sprout.

[0023] Purchase fiberglass rods produced by Xianyang Fiberglass Factory, with a height of 1.4 m. Insert 30 cm into the ground beside the seedlings, leaving 0.9 - 1.1 m above the ground. Use a binding machine to tie the rope to the seedling trunk. The fiberglass rods can be reused for many years. Bamboo poles can also be used instead, but the bamboo poles should be thin, with a thickness of less than 1 cm.

[0024] When the buds on the cuttings grow more than 8 cm, apply 8 kg of urea per mu, and then apply 10 kg of urea per mu every half month.

[0025] When aphids are found, spray imidacloprid or acetamiprid. When leaf-rolling insects are found, spray chlorantraniliprole. And add 2000-fold solution of tebuconazole. Water 3 times before promoting the growth of branches.

[0026] S5. Promote the growth of branches When the new shoot seedlings grow to 70 cm above the ground, for newly planted seedlings in the middle and late June when the temperature is below 35 °C. First, tie the seedlings to the fiberglass rods. When the new shoot seedlings grow to 70 cm above the ground, spray a branch-promoting agent once on the top of the new shoots. The branch-promoting agent is composed of 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid (Baofengling benzylaminopurine · gibberellic acid, total effective ingredient content 3.6%, Zhejiang Baike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and 50-fold solution of thidiazuron (Yiguoling thidiazuron, total effective ingredient content 0.1%, Xianyang Defeng Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Province) compounded in an equal volume ratio. To improve the adhesion effect, the 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and the 50-fold solution of thidiazuron are prepared with 4000-fold solution of Rounings as the diluent. Spray continuously for 3 times, with an interval of 10 days each time. Due to the high value of the medicine, use a special sprayer, Hong H Chen brand sprayer, and each sprayer is filled with 5 kg of water. The spraying method is to aim the nozzle at the top of the upper part of the new shoots, turn on the switch, spray for 2 s, and it is appropriate to let the liquid medicine flow down 3 - 4 cm.

[0027] Starting from the branch-promoting agent, water once every 10 days within 1 month, and apply 10 kg of urea per mu. In July, apply 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu in 2 times.

[0028] To prove the effect of the apple dwarfing rootstock strong seedling branch-promoting method of the present invention, the following experimental verification was carried out.

[0029] 1. Investigation on the treatment effects of different plant hormones in Chunhua County In 2024, a comparison of the effects of different plant hormone treatments was carried out in the orchard of Tiandi Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in Chunhua County. The apple variety (scion) was Ruixianghong, and the rootstock was M-9T337. The experimental groups were as follows:

[0030] Group with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron: The shoot-promoting agent was a volume-based compound of 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 50-fold solution of thidiazuron.

[0031] Group with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid: The shoot-promoting agent was 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid.

[0032] Group with 50-fold solution of thidiazuron: The shoot-promoting agent was 50-fold solution of thidiazuron.

[0033] Group with clear water: Treated with clear water.

[0034] The remaining management methods were the same. A randomized block design was used, with 10 plants in each treatment and 3 replicates. After defoliation, the seedling height, seedling stem diameter, and the number of branches of the seedling stem were investigated.

[0035] The test results showed that: The treatment with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron had the best effect, with 5 - 8 branches on the seedling stem and a seedling height of more than 1.73 meters. The effects of other treatments were relatively poor, as shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Investigation of the effects of different plant hormone treatments (investigated after defoliation) 2. Investigation of the effects of different concentrations of the same plant hormone in Chunhua County In 2024, a comparison of the effects of different-fold solutions of the same plant hormone was carried out in the orchard of Tiandi Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in Chunhua County. The apple variety (scion) was Ruixianghong, and the rootstock was M-9T337. The experimental groups were as follows:

[0037] 30-fold group: The shoot-promoting agent was a volume-based compound of 30-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 30-fold solution of thidiazuron.

[0038] 50-fold group: The shoot-promoting agent was a volume-based compound of 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 50-fold solution of thidiazuron.

[0039] 80-fold group: The shoot-promoting agent was a volume-based compound of 80-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid and 80-fold solution of thidiazuron.

[0040] Group with clear water: Treated with clear water.

[0041] The remaining management methods were the same. A randomized block design was used, with 10 plants in each treatment and 3 replicates. After defoliation, the seedling height, seedling stem diameter, and the number of branches of the seedling stem were investigated.

[0042] The test results show that: The treatment with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron has the best effect, with 5 - 8 branches on the seedling stem and a seedling height of more than 1.72 meters. The 30-fold treatment has a large investment and a high concentration, resulting in a smaller growth amount. The effect of the 80-fold solution is close to that of the water control group, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2 Investigation on the effects of different concentrations of the same plant hormone 3. Investigation on the effects of different plant hormones on branch promotion in Qianyang County In 2024, in the orchard of Tiandi Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. in Qianyang County, one-year-old dwarf seedlings were treated with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron, high-efficiency shoot-promoting agent, 50-fold solution of KT-30, and water. A randomized block design was used, with 10 plants in each treatment and 3 replicates. The apple variety was Ruixianghong, and the rootstock was M-9T337. The remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. When the new shoots reached 70 cm from the ground at the top on June 5th, 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron, 50-fold solution of KT-30, or water was sprayed on the new shoots from the top. After that, the treatment was carried out every 10 days for a total of 3 times, and the spraying amount was based on the leaves not dripping water. The high-efficiency shoot-promoting agent ointment was applied to the buds to be treated, and 150 buds were coated with each gram of ointment to make it slowly penetrate into the buds.

[0044] (1) Effects of plant hormones on the height and thickness of seedlings The overall change in the height of the seedling variety showed a trend of first fast and then slow. The height of the variety increased rapidly from June to July, and then the growth rate began to slow down. The growth rate of the variety height after treatment with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron was higher than that of other treatments. The growth of the variety height in the 50-fold solution of KT-30 treatment was the same as that in the water control treatment. After the treatment with the shoot-promoting agent on July 15th, the growth rate of the variety height decreased significantly.

[0045] The main stem thickness of the variety began to increase rapidly in mid-June. The main stem thickness of the variety treated with 50-fold solution of benzylaminopurine gibberellic acid + 50-fold solution of thidiazuron was higher than that of other treatments from mid-June to October, while the growth rates of the main stem thickness in the 50-fold solution of KT-30 treatment, shoot-promoting agent treatment, and water control treatment were basically the same.

[0046] (2) Effects of plant hormones on shoot branching of seedlings The three different treatments of gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution, KT-30 50-fold solution and shoot-promoting agent were extremely significantly more in terms of effective branches and average branch thickness than the control. The number of effective branches in the treatment of gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution was extremely significantly higher than that in the KT-30 50-fold solution treatment and the shoot-promoting agent treatment. There was no significant difference in the average branch thickness among the three different plant growth regulators; however, the treatment of gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution was significantly higher than the KT-30 50-fold solution treatment and the shoot-promoting agent treatment in terms of the number of effective branches, average branch length and branch angle. The average branch length of the KT-30 50-fold solution treatment and the shoot-promoting agent treatment had no significant difference from the control. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0047] Table 3 Effects of different hormones on the branch characteristics of apple seedlings Note: Different capital and lowercase letters marked after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P≤0.01 and P≤0.05 levels among the treatments.

[0048] (3) Effects of plant hormones on the branch length of apple seedlings The branch length of the seedlings treated with gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution and KT-30 50-fold solution decreased with the increase in plant height, while the branches of the shoot-promoting agent treatment were the longest at a height of 90 - 150 cm, and there was little difference in the branch thickness among different treatments; in terms of the branch angle, generally speaking, the branch angle gradually decreased with the increase in the branching height, and the branch angle of the control was greater than that of other treatments; in terms of the number of branches, the number of effective branches gradually decreased with the increase in the branching height, and the number of ineffective branches gradually increased with the increase in the branching height. Among them, the distribution of the number of effective branches and ineffective branches in the three different treatments of gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution, KT-30 50-fold solution and shoot-promoting agent was uniform and the quantity was large, and the effective branches were mainly concentrated between 70 - 130 cm.

[0049] (4) Effects of plant hormones on the roots of apple seedlings In early November, the seedlings were dissected, and the apple seedlings were divided into above-ground and underground parts. The total weight of the roots of the underground part of the plants treated with gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution was extremely significantly higher than that of the KT-30 50-fold solution, shoot-promoting agent and control treatments, while the root weight of the KT-30 50-fold solution treatment and the shoot-promoting agent treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. When measuring the lateral roots with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.2 cm, the number of lateral roots in the treatment of gibberellic acid 50-fold solution + thidiazuron 50-fold solution was significantly higher than that of the KT-30 treatment and extremely significantly higher than that of the shoot-promoting agent and water treatments.

[0050] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. To avoid redundancy, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0051] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0052] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. From early November to early December, dig dwarf rootstock seedlings from the nursery and refrigerate; S2. Before grafting, the refrigerated dwarf stock seedlings are taken out and cut short, leaving 30-40 cm of the seedling stem to obtain the stock, and the scion is grafted onto the stock to obtain a grafted seedling; S3, planting grafted seedlings in mid-March; S4. When the buds of the grafted scion grow more than 6 cm, all new branches from the rootstock are removed, but all new branches from the scion are not removed. When the top new shoot of the scion grows to 15-20 cm, only the new shoot is retained and the pole is firmly erected; S5. When the top of the new shoot is more than 70 cm from the ground, spray the top of the new shoot with a branch-promoting agent to promote branch growth. Spray 2 to 3 times in a row, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between each spray. The branch-promoting agent is prepared by mixing 50 to 60 times of benzylaminogibberellic acid solution and 50 to 60 times of thidiazuron solution in an equal volume ratio.

2. A method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the refrigeration temperature is 0-1°C and the humidity is above 95%.

3. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the scion was grafted by tongue grafting, the interface was wrapped with plastic cloth after grafting, wax was applied to the top of the scion, and fungicide was applied to the root of the stock.

4. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bactericide includes 200-250 times diluted methyl thiophanate.

5. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the grafted seedlings were planted in the soil at a distance of 15-20 cm above the rootstock, with a row spacing of 80-90 cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. 3,000-4,000 plants were planted per mu.

6. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the branch-promoting agent uses 3000-4000 times diluted Roushuitong as a diluent.

7. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes a fertilization step, when the buds of the scion sprout out to 5-10 cm, 8-10 kg of urea per mu is applied, and then once every half a month, and the second time 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu.

8. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes a watering step, watering 2 to 3 times before promoting branch growth.

9. The method for promoting branch growth of apple dwarf rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes pest control.

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