Method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land along Yellow River region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and provides a method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land along the Yellow River district, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing soil by a powder ridge machine when the saline-alkali land is dry, vertically penetrating into the soil through a spiral bit of the powder ridge machine, stopping descending of the spiral bit when an anti-electric conduction distance exists between the spiral bit and the top of an underground water level layer, and stopping descending of the spiral bit at an initial stage; transversely cutting the soil at a high speed of 26-35R / min for 3-5 minutes by using a spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine, so that the spiral drill bit is negatively charged; s2, deep scarification and deep ploughing of the saline-alkali soil are conducted by the spiral drill bit at the low speed of 9-15 R / min; in the deep scarification and deep tillage process, electronegative composite microbial particle bacterial manure and electronegative enhanced super absorbent resin are sprayed, and a negative charge modified soil layer and a positive charge blocking layer are formed. The salt content of the soil is reduced by at least 0.1-0.3%, the pH value of the soil is reduced by 0.5-1, and the organic matter of the soil is increased by more than 0.05-0.1% at low cost and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly to a method for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region. Background Art

[0002] In a certain city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River region, there are nearly 4.8 million mu of saline-alkali land that cannot be used for farming or grazing. The existence of saline-alkali land has wasted a great deal of land resources. If it can be scientifically and reasonably improved, developed and utilized, it will have significant ecological and social values. The test data shows that the contents of CO3 2- , HCO3 - , Cl - , K + , Na + in the saline-alkali soil are relatively high. Currently, the commonly used methods for improving saline-alkali land include: washing salts with irrigation water, replacing soil and deep plowing, physical methods, and chemical methods. These methods have the effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil to a certain extent, but they have defects such as high costs, easy to cause secondary pollution, and not easy to promote and use.

[0003] A traditional technology for improving saline-alkali land is mainly: on the premise of a perfect irrigation and drainage system, through deep loosening and deep plowing, applying biological organic fertilizer during sowing to increase the content of soil organic matter, activate the soil, and improve the crop quality; adding saline-alkali soil conditioner after planting; and adopting the engineering improvement plan of covering with film and laying straw layer under the surface, laying a straw interlayer below the ground surface. This plan has a long construction period and complex construction, and both the labor and mechanical costs are very high.

[0004] A technology for improving saline-alkali land uses microorganisms. Through deep loosening and deep plowing, adding microbial fertilizers can reduce the degree of soil salinity and alkalinity, increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, improve the soil compaction condition, increase the fertility of arable land soil, and thus increase the crop yield. The beneficial microorganisms in the waste can produce sugar substances, which can combine with plant mucus, mineral embryos and organic colloids, and can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the physical properties of the soil and reduce the loss of soil particles. Under certain conditions, they can also participate in the formation of humus. Therefore, applying microbial fertilizers can improve the physical properties of the soil and is beneficial to increasing soil fertility. However, the existing soil improvement methods using microorganisms directly mix the microorganisms into the soil. The self-reproduction process of microorganisms will consume a certain amount of nutrients. Therefore, a large number of added microorganisms will consume a large part of the nutrients in the soil, and the reproduction of microorganisms in the soil is not ideal. At the same time, it cannot ensure sufficient nutrients for the planted plants, ultimately affecting the normal growth and reproduction of plants. In addition, microorganisms cannot combine with CO3 2- , HCO3 - , Cl - , K + , Na +It matches with a relatively high content, resulting in the inability to effectively improve the highly saline-alkali condition of saline-alkali land, leading to low utilization rate and high cost of microbial fertilizer.

[0005] In summary, how to fully reduce soil salinity, make full use of microbial fertilizers, absorb water, retain water, resist drought and preserve soil moisture, blunt the pathogenicity of pathogens and inhibit the growth of pathogens, improve soil fertility and decompose organic matter, remains a difficult problem faced by the development of technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a method for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region, which can efficiently reduce the soil salt content by at least 0.1 - 0.3% and the soil pH value by 0.5 - 1, and increase the soil organic matter by more than 0.05 - 0.1% at low cost.

[0007] The embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows: The present application provides a method for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region, including: S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, use a powder ridging machine to prepare the land. The spiral drill of the powder ridging machine vertically enters the soil. When it has an anti-electric conduction distance from the top of the groundwater level layer, stop the spiral drill from descending. The range of the anti-electric conduction distance is 18 cm - 22 cm. In the initial stage, use the spiral drill of the powder ridging machine to cut the soil horizontally at a high speed of 26 - 35 R / min for 3 - 5 min to make the spiral drill carry a negative charge; S2: The spiral drill deeply loosens and turns over the saline-alkali land soil at a low speed of 9 - 15 R / min; during the deep loosening and turning over process, spray in negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin. Thus, mix the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin into the saline-alkali land soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer, and form a positive charge blocking layer within the distance of the anti-electric conduction distance above the top of the groundwater level layer; S3: After powder ridging, conduct autumn irrigation and spring irrigation to melt the frozen soil, further wash and inhibit salt. After dripping the soil conditioner with a drip irrigation device, plant plants.

[0008] Optionally, in step S2, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 includes: 1 - 2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 - 13 parts of straw powder, 0.5 - 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 - 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 - 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 - 0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5 - 1 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.8 - 1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2 - 3 parts of brown sugar powder.

[0009] Optionally, the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 7.5 - 8.0.

[0010] Optionally, in step S2, the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 is montmorillonite-coated sodium polyacrylate, and the addition amount of montmorillonite is 1.1-1.3% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7.

[0011] Optionally, in step S2, the addition amount of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 is 6-9 kg per mu, and the addition amount of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 10-20 kg per mu.

[0012] Optionally, in step S2, the spraying method is high-pressure air transportation, and the high-pressure air pressure is 1.5-2 times the atmospheric pressure.

[0013] Optionally, in step S2, during the spraying of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the pipeline to be mixed with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin.

[0014] Optionally, in step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 80-250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 is 60-100 μm.

[0015] Optionally, in step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is larger than that of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7, and the difference is more than 20 μm.

[0016] Optionally, in step S3, the soil conditioner includes: 3-4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-8 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 7-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.5-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 2-3 parts of brown sugar, and 70-80 parts of water.

[0017] Beneficial effects include: A method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region provided by the present invention realizes the negative charge and stable negative charge of the spiral drill bit by controlling the high and low speed rotation of the spiral drill bit of the powder ridging machine. Under the condition of powder tillage, the spiral drill bit is in frequent contact with the soil and has a high probability of contact with negatively charged fertilizers, modifiers, etc. The generation and stability of its negative charge greatly improve the effect of adding negatively charged materials. By appropriately selecting the range of the anti-electric conduction distance, the influence of the groundwater level layer can be effectively avoided, and the conduction with groundwater can be avoided (such as blocking the upward migration of positive ions in groundwater and the loss of negative charge migration. The excessive loss of negative charge will inevitably weaken the influence of the added modified materials), and the influence of soil moisture content can be avoided, so as to facilitate the spiral drill bit to carry negative charge. The powder ridging tillage transversely cuts the soil, effectively cuts off the capillaries in the upper layer of the soil, and physically isolates it from the groundwater level layer, reducing the siphon effect and preventing salt return significantly. Moreover, through powder ridging tillage, the soil can be fully pulverized, with good water permeability, which is conducive to operations such as autumn irrigation, spring irrigation for frozen soil thawing, and drip irrigation, further washing and suppressing salt and reducing soil salinity. Through the negative electricity of the spiral drill bit, the positive electricity of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with high content in the saline-alkali soil is increased, making it more positively charged. Spraying negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is beneficial to the interaction between the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin and the positively charged alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, improving their effect. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of powder ridging rotary tillage provided by the embodiment of the present application. It can be understood that the spiral drill bit 4 leaves the soil layer after the powder ridging rotary tillage is completed in the figure.

[0020] Reference Signs: 1 - groundwater level layer; 2 - positive charge blocking layer; 3 - negatively charged modified soil layer; 4 - spiral drill bit; 5 - anti-electric conduction distance; 6 - negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer; 7 - negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin; 8 - plant; 9 - drip irrigation equipment. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as here.

[0023] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless specifically stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "said" used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention means the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their groups. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The raw materials used hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available products, and although their specific compositions are different, they only need to meet the main usage objectives.

[0024] Aiming at the problems of long construction period, complex construction, high labor and mechanical costs in the existing soil improvement methods, it is difficult to fully reduce soil salinity, make full use of microbial fertilizers, absorb and retain water, resist drought and preserve soil moisture, inactivate the pathogenicity of pathogens and inhibit the growth of pathogens, improve soil fertility and decompose organic matter, etc. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region.

[0025] The features and performance of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments: As Figure 1 shown, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region, including: S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, use a powder ridging machine to prepare the soil. The spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine vertically enters the soil. When there is an anti-electric conduction distance 5 from the top of the groundwater level layer 1, stop the downward movement of the spiral drill bit 4. The range of the anti-electric conduction distance 5 is 18 cm - 22 cm (which can be 18 cm, 19 cm, 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, etc.). In the initial stage, use the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine to horizontally cut the soil at a high speed of 26 - 35 R / min (which can be 26 R / min, 27 R / min, 28 R / min, 29 R / min, 30 R / min, 31 R / min, 32 R / min, 33 R / min, 34 R / min, 35 R / min, etc.) for 3 - 5 minutes to make the spiral drill bit 4 carry a negative charge.

[0026] Understandably, when using a powder ridging machine to prepare the soil in a dry saline-alkali land, for example, for saline-alkali land soil with low soil moisture content (<12%), in a dry environment, the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine has intense friction with soil particles at a high speed. Since the saline-alkali land soil has a high content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, electron transfer occurs, and the spiral drill bit 4 can carry a negative charge through friction, while the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the powder ridging area and the nearby area of the soil carry a positive charge.

[0027] In the area close to the groundwater level layer 1, the soil moisture content will be affected. When the saline-alkali land is dry, the moisture content is still relatively high. Due to the conductive characteristics of groundwater, the negative charge will be conducted away and lost, such as the negative charge carried on the spiral drill bit 4 and some negative charges in the upper soil layer. And groundwater usually contains cations such as K + 、Ca 2+ 、Na + 、Mg 2+ etc. These ions will adsorb on the surface of the drill bit and neutralize the negative charge, thus preventing the spiral drill bit 4 from carrying a negative charge. When there is an anti-electric conduction distance 5 from the top of the groundwater level layer 1, stop the downward movement of the spiral drill bit 4, which can effectively avoid the influence of the groundwater level layer 1. For example: by maintaining an appropriate distance from the groundwater level layer 1, avoiding conduction with groundwater and the influence of soil moisture content, which is conducive to the spiral drill bit 4 carrying a negative charge; below the above range, it is not conducive to the spiral drill bit 4 carrying a negative charge, and above the above range, the modified soil layer is too thin, which is not conducive to effectively reducing soil salinity.

[0028] Compared with the previous rotary tillage and other methods, the chance of contact between the spiral drill bit 4 and the soil is greatly increased. The inventor found that its electrical influence cannot be ignored. The prior art has realized the influence caused by the negatively charged materials in the soil, and has achieved improvement through the negative electricity of modifiers such as fertilizers and water absorbents. However, in the prior art, there is no attention paid to the negative electricity improvement effect of the spiral drill bit and the like, nor is there any attention paid to the influence of the groundwater level on the negative electricity in the soil layer. In the previous on-site implementation process, it was found that there were a lot of granular materials such as bacterial fertilizers adhering to the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder tillage, and even caking would occur. Due to the spiral drill bit 4 carrying negative charges, some of the negative charges of the soil itself would be reduced and lost, and the negative electricity of the added negatively charged materials could be prevented from failing (serious groundwater influence would cause the negative electricity of the specially developed negatively charged materials to fail, that is, it would lose the meaning of improvement). This is beneficial to reducing the influence of the spiral drill bit 4 on the added negatively charged materials (such as positive charges adsorbing negatively charged materials, resulting in waste of raw materials), and is conducive to the more uniform distribution of the negatively charged materials away from the spiral drill bit 4 driven by the high-speed rotating spiral drill bit 4. After the above transformation, the phenomenon of granular materials such as bacterial fertilizers adhering to the spiral drill bit 4 is greatly reduced, and it is rarely seen to agglomerate and adhere. In addition, the spiral drill bit 4 carries negative charges obtained by friction with the soil, and its influence of negative charges cannot be ignored. The negative charge property will greatly change the adsorption and other effects of the surface on materials with different charges such as negatively charged materials. Under the condition that the chance of contact between the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder tillage and the soil is greatly increased, this effect will greatly affect the effect of soil modification. By deep plowing and subsoiling the soil in the above-mentioned powder ridge method, the soil structure layer will not be damaged, and the fertile soil on the surface layer is still on the surface layer; the powder ridge tillage can fully pulverize the soil, and the soil pulverization rate is over 90%, realizing the full tillage layer tillage of the soil, which is much higher than the soil pulverization rate of traditional tillage, and greatly increasing the porosity of the soil; the powder ridge tillage is formed in one operation, reducing the number of times the tractor enters the field in traditional tillage and causing repeated rolling of the soil; the powder ridge tillage cuts the soil horizontally, effectively cutting off the capillary tubes in the upper layer of the soil and making an effective physical isolation with the groundwater level layer 1, reducing the siphon effect and having an obvious effect of preventing salt return. Moreover, through the powder ridge tillage, the soil can be fully pulverized, with good water permeability, which is conducive to operations such as autumn irrigation, spring irrigation for frozen soil thawing, and drip irrigation, further washing and suppressing salt and reducing the soil salinity.

[0029] S2: The spiral drill bit 4 performs deep subsoiling and deep plowing of saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9 - 15 R / min (which can be 9 R / min, 10 R / min, 11 R / min, 12 R / min, 13 R / min, 14 R / min, 15 R / min, etc.); during the deep subsoiling and deep plowing process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 are sprayed in. Thus, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 are mixed into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer 3, and a positive charge blocking layer 2 is formed within the distance of the anti-electric conduction distance 5 above the top of the groundwater level layer 1. Due to the indirect action of the spiral drill bit 4 in the positive charge blocking layer 2, the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the soil carry positive charges and are not easily affected by the cations such as K + , Ca 2+ , Na + , Mg 2+ etc. in the groundwater level layer 1. Therefore, it can provide the groundwater level layer 1 and the negatively charged modified soil layer 3. The soil capillary tubes are not damaged, while the capillary tubes of the negatively charged modified soil layer 3 are cut off, so that the groundwater cannot return to the upper layer, reducing the return of alkali. The undamaged soil capillary tubes can become channels for the water from upper drip irrigation, flood irrigation, etc. to flow downward for soil desalination and alkali reduction, achieving a better soil alkali reduction structure.

[0030] By initially rotating at a high speed to make the spiral drill bit 4 carry a negative charge, and then using a reduced speed to perform deep subsoiling and deep plowing of saline-alkali soil, it is beneficial to extend the contact time with the soil, thus facilitating the maintenance and enhancement of the negative electricity of the spiral drill bit 4. The lower speed is beneficial to reducing the excessive speed and large dust, which may cause the loss of the applied fertilizer. It is beneficial to fully mix the sprayed negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 into the soil for a sufficient time, facilitating the uniform distribution of the above raw materials deep into the lower part of the soil layer, improving its soil improvement effect, and being beneficial to increasing soil fertility and decomposing organic matter.

[0031] Through the negative electricity of the spiral drill bit 4, the positive electricity of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with high content in the saline-alkali soil is increased, making the positive charge more obvious. Spraying the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 is beneficial to the interaction between the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 and the positively charged alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, improving their effect.

[0032] The beneficial bacteria groups in the microbial fertilizer can produce saccharide substances, which combine with plant mucus, mineral embryos, and organic colloids, can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the physical properties of the soil, and reduce the loss of soil particles. Under certain conditions, they can also participate in the formation of humus. Applying microbial fertilizers can improve the physical properties of the soil and is beneficial to increasing soil fertility.

[0033] The electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 has a negatively charged surface (such as carboxyl - COO - , phosphate group - PO4 3- . Functional groups, polysaccharides, proteins or organic acids (such as citric acid, oxalic acid) secreted by bacterial metabolism with negative charges, etc.), which improves the binding with positively charged substances such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in saline-alkali soil, and can adsorb cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , etc.) in the soil solution through electrostatic interaction, forming temporary fixation, reducing salinization caused by ion dissociation. The negative charge of the bio-fertilizer increases the total cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil colloids, enhances the buffering capacity for base ions, and avoids excessive local salt concentration. The electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 has a negative charge, which is more conducive to the bio-fertilizer of composite microbial granules 6 to play its role and reduce soil salinity. The electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 contains substances that are antibacterial and antiviral, and these substances can inactivate the pathogenicity of pathogens and inhibit the growth of pathogens. The electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 can greatly promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes, improve soil fertility and decompose organic matter, and produce antibiotics and hormones to inhibit the growth of harmful bacterial groups such as filamentous fungi, thus effectively inhibiting the occurrence and spread of certain plant diseases. In the soil where the electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 is applied, the ratio of actinomycetes to filamentous fungi is relatively large, and actinomycetes become the dominant bacterial group, which can achieve the elimination and prevention of crop diseases caused by filamentous fungi, playing the role of controlling pests with bacteria, and can reduce or replace the use of highly toxic and seriously polluting chemical pesticides. At the same time, the electronegative composite microbial granular bio-fertilizer 6 has adsorption ability, which is a treatment method that uses microorganisms or metabolites with adsorption ability produced by microorganisms for adsorption. The core of biosorption refers to charged biological macromolecules, mainly including proteins, mucopolysaccharides, cellulose and ribose, etc. Biosorption is a general understanding of the adsorption of heavy metal ions by microbial cells through a series of biochemical processes, and these processes include complexation, chelation, ion exchange, adsorption, etc. Both living microorganisms and dead microorganisms have a large adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.

[0034] Optionally, the negatively charged composite microbial particle bacterial fertilizer 6 includes: 1 - 2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 - 13 parts of straw powder, 0.5 - 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 - 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 - 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 - 0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5 - 1 part of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB for short), 0.8 - 1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2 - 3 parts of brown sugar powder. The negatively charged composite microbial particle bacterial fertilizer 6 is prepared by mixing the above raw materials, and the specific preparation method is not limited. The application amount of the negatively charged composite microbial particle bacterial fertilizer 6 is 10 - 20 kg per mu. By applying a sufficient amount of the negatively charged composite microbial particle bacterial fertilizer 6, the effect of reducing soil salinity can be improved, and at the same time, the soil activity can be enhanced. Above the above range, the cost is too high and the bacterial fertilizer is added in excess. Below the above range, it is not conducive to improving the negative charge of the powder ridging coating, and the soil salinity is relatively high.

[0035] Photosynthetic bacteria (1 - 2 parts) use light energy to fix CO2 and secrete extracellular polysaccharides to promote aggregate formation; photosynthetic bacteria release O2 to provide an oxidation environment for nitrifying bacteria (strictly aerobic). Degrade organic pollutants (such as pesticide residues). Improve soil structure, degrade organic pollution, enhance the efficient utilization ability of saline-alkali land, can bioremediate contaminated saline-alkali soil, can effectively degrade or oxidize toxic pollutants such as residual pesticides, hydrogen sulfide, and amines in the soil, play a certain role in repairing the soil, thereby avoiding or reducing the accumulation of the above poisons in crops and ensuring the quality of agricultural and sideline products. It can also promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, enabling them to jointly participate in the material cycle of the soil ecosystem, so that the planting ecosystem can carry out an efficient virtuous cycle. Degrade organic pollutants in the soil under controllable environmental conditions, or change the existing form of toxic elements through biosorption, biooxidation, and reduction, reducing their toxicity and ecological risks in the environment.

[0036] Straw powder (10 - 13 parts) provides a carbon source, adjusts the C / N ratio; absorbs water and retains soil moisture, alleviates soil compaction, generates heat during fermentation to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, improves soil organic matter, and enhances water retention.

[0037] Lactic acid bacteria (0.5 - 2 parts) produce lactic acid to lower the pH and dissolve insoluble phosphates; inhibit soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium. Acidification promotes phosphorus release and has an antibacterial effect. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3 - 4 parts) quickly supplements phosphorus and potassium elements (P2O5≥52%, K2O≥34%); buffers pH fluctuations, maintains microbial activity, provides quick fertilizer, and stabilizes the negatively charged environment. Lactic acid bacteria + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, lactic acid dissolves mineral phosphorus, potassium dihydrogen phosphate supplements available phosphorus, and the phosphorus availability is increased by 50% - 80%. By converting insoluble raw phosphates into soluble phosphates, heavy metal ions in the phosphates can be replaced and fixed in the soil, not absorbed by plants. Lactic acid bacteria + phosphate synergistically acidify and release phosphorus.

[0038] Bacillus subtilis (2-3 copies) secretes antibiotics (such as surfactin) to antagonize pathogens; secretes cellulase to accelerate the decomposition of straw into glucose, the C / N ratio gradually decreases, and PO3 is released 4- It is beneficial to improve negative charge and promote the mineralization of organic matter.

[0039] Purple sulfur bacteria (0.2-0.7 parts), anaerobic photoheterotrophic, oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur ( ), reduce toxicity; participate in the oxidation and reduction of iron and manganese, fix heavy metals, desulfurize and detoxify, and passivate heavy metals.

[0040] Sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB (0.5-1 part) can use the carbon source in the biological fertilizer in the land as energy to convert SO4 2- Restore to S 2- , and heavy metals (such as Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ ) forms sulfide precipitation, which is beneficial to the fixation of heavy metals and reduces sulfur damage. 2- , purple sulfur bacteria will overproduce S 2- Oxidized to S, avoiding sulfide poisoning. SRB+ purple sulfur bacteria precisely regulate the sulfur cycle, taking into account both heavy metal passivation and toxicity control.

[0041] Nitrifying bacteria (0.8-1.2 parts) convert NH4 + Oxidized to NO3 - (nitrification), improve nitrogen effectiveness, activate nitrogen, reduce ammonium toxicity, photosynthetic bacteria + nitrifying bacteria optimize oxygen and nitrogen balance, and promote ecological recovery. Brown sugar powder (2-3 parts), fast carbon source (C / N≈10:1) activates microbial metabolism; helps accelerate bacterial colonization and start repair.

[0042] Optionally, the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 7.5-8.0 to enable the granules to maintain negative charge.

[0043] The negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 may be sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, etc., which has a negative charge on the surface through a strong ionized functional group (such as the carboxylic acid group (-COO - ), the negatively charged resin surface attracts cations (such as Na + , Ca 2+ Mg 2+), forming an "ion adsorption layer", reducing the concentration of free salts (such as NaCl), etc., and significantly decreasing the soil electrical conductivity (EC). After the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge absorbs water, its volume expands hundreds of times, forming a three-dimensional network gel structure, greatly increasing the specific surface area, providing more adsorption sites. The expanded pore structure accelerates the diffusion of cations into the resin interior, enhancing the adsorption kinetic efficiency, thus being more conducive to strengthening the binding between the superabsorbent resin and the positively charged enriched substances and reducing soil salinity. Due to the addition of the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge, its strong water absorption is conducive to further reducing the soil moisture content and maintaining the negative charge of the added materials.

[0044] Preferably, the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge is montmorillonite layer coated with sodium polyacrylate, and the addition amount of montmorillonite is 1.1 - 1.3% of the total mass of the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge; particle coating is carried out by means such as spray coating and ball milling coating, and the specific method is not specifically limited herein. There are extensive isomorphous substitutions of different valence in the montmorillonite lattice. For example, Si 4+ in the tetrahedron can be replaced by A1 3+ , and Si 4+ , A1 3+ in the octahedron can be replaced by Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , Li + , etc., resulting in a series of complex chemical compositions and interlayer negative charges. When montmorillonite is subjected to mechanical force, the hydroxyl bonds at the end faces of its lattice will be partially broken, also making the lattice negatively charged, especially prone to being negatively charged in an alkaline environment. Thus, coating the montmorillonite layer with sodium polyacrylate can greatly improve its negative charge, and after sodium polyacrylate and the like absorb water and swell, it is more conducive to the dispersion of the coating layer to enhance the negative charge and improve the effect of reducing salinity.

[0045] Preferably, the addition amount of the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge is 6 - 9 kg per mu. Higher than the above amount will cause the water-absorbing resin to expand and bond, which is not conducive to soil modification; lower than the above amount will reduce the effect of reducing salinity.

[0046] The spraying device can be a nozzle connected to high-pressure air and is arranged above the screw drill 4. The negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge are connected to high-pressure air through a silo and a pipeline. Since a large amount of dust is generated during the high-speed rotation of the screw drill 4 for pulverizing saline-alkali soil, the added granular materials are scattered with the dust and the loss is large. By transporting granular materials such as the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the superabsorbent resin 7 with enhanced negative charge through high-pressure air, it is beneficial to increase the penetration of the granular materials through the dust into the soil, thus achieving more efficient utilization of raw materials.

[0047] Optionally, the high-pressure air is 1.5 - 2 times the atmospheric pressure, which is beneficial to increasing the penetration of particulate materials through dust into the soil. Below the above pressure, the particle penetration is enhanced; above the above pressure, the kinetic energy of the particulate materials is too large, concentrating deep into the soil, etc., which is not conducive to the uniform distribution of the particulate materials and affects their effects.

[0048] Optionally, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the conveying pipeline to increase and stabilize the negative charges of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7. The hydrated negative ion generating device can be a commercially available negative ion generator. For example, it can generate a large number of hydrated negative ions by cracking water molecules through methods such as microwave and ultrasonic vibration, and the hydrated negative ions enter with air, etc.

[0049] Optionally, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 80 - 250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 is 60 - 100 μm. The average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is larger than that of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7, and the difference is more than 20 μm; the particles of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 are smaller, which is beneficial to entering deeper into the soil, so that more are distributed at the interface between the positive charge blocking layer 2 and the negatively charged modified soil layer 3, in order to enhance the blocking effect.

[0050] S3: After powder ridging, autumn irrigation and spring irrigation to thaw the frozen soil, further wash and inhibit salt. The drip irrigation device 9 drips the soil conditioner. After further enhancing the negative charge, plant 8 is planted.

[0051] Methods such as autumn irrigation and spring irrigation after powder ridging to thaw the frozen soil can facilitate the further washing and inhibiting of salt by water. The drip irrigation device 9 drips the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner includes: 3 - 4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 - 8 parts of straw powder, 0.5 - 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 7 - 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 - 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 - 0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5 - 1 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, abbreviated as SRB), 2.5 - 3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 2 - 3 parts of brown sugar, 70 - 80 parts of water. The surface layer (0 - 5 cm) is directly exposed to sunlight. The photosynthetic efficiency of the photosynthetic bacteria is high, and they proliferate rapidly. The photosynthetic bacteria release oxygen, increase oxygen and promote decomposition, promote the mineralization of organic matter, improve the fertility of the surface soil, and the photosynthetic bacteria + nitrifying bacteria further optimize the oxygen-nitrogen balance and promote ecological restoration. By increasing the content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is beneficial to maintaining the negative charge of the upper layer and enhancing the effect of the bacterial fertilizer.

[0052] Example 1 A method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River region, including: S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, use a powder ridging machine to prepare the land. The spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine vertically enters the soil. When it has a distance of 5 for preventing electrical conduction from the top of the groundwater level layer 1, stop the downward movement of the spiral drill bit 4. The range of the distance 5 for preventing electrical conduction is 20 cm. In the initial stage, use the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine to horizontally cut the soil at a high speed of 32 R / min for 4 min, making the spiral drill bit 4 carry negative charges; S2: The spiral drill bit 4 deeply loosens and turns over the saline-alkali land soil at a low speed of 9 - 15 R / min; during the deep loosening and turning over process, spray in the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7. Thus, mix the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin 7 into the saline-alkali land soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer 3, and form a positive charge blocking layer 2 within the distance of 5 for preventing electrical conduction above the top of the groundwater level layer 1; Among them, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer includes: 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 11 parts of straw powder, 0.7 part of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.6 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.9 part of nitrifying bacteria, and 3 parts of brown sugar powder. The pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 8.0. The negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is montmorillonite layer coated with sodium polyacrylate, and the addition amount of montmorillonite is 1.2% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin. The addition amount of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is 8 kg per mu, and the addition amount of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 15 kg per mu. The spraying method is high-pressure air transportation, and the high-pressure air pressure is 2 times the atmospheric pressure. During the spraying of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the pipeline to mix with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin. The average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 180 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is 90 μm.

[0053] S3: After powder ridging, conduct autumn irrigation and spring irrigation to melt the frozen soil, further wash and inhibit salt. After using the drip irrigation equipment 9 to drip irrigate the soil conditioner, plant organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum. The soil conditioner includes: 4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts of straw powder, 0.9 part of lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.6 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.7 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 3 parts of brown sugar, and 80 parts of water.

[0054] The original soil of the saline-alkali land in a certain city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River: pH value 9.5, total salt 4.6 mg / kg, CO3 2- 150 mg / kg, HCO3 - 580 mg / kg, Cl - 640 mg / kg, K + / Na +970 mg / kg; After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.5, the total salt is 4.3 mg / kg, CO3 2- 30 mg / kg, HCO3 - 330 mg / kg, Cl - 273 mg / kg, K + / Na + 211 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is more than 600 kg.

[0055] Example 2 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, the difference is that: the negatively charged composite microbial granular biofertilizer includes: 0.7 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 13 parts of straw powder, 0.3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.1 part of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5 - 1 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 1.1 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 3 parts of brown sugar powder, and the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular biofertilizer is 7.7.

[0056] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.7, the total salt is 4.4 mg / kg, CO3 2- 53 mg / kg, HCO3 - 420 mg / kg, Cl - 324 mg / kg, K + / Na + 280 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 550 kg.

[0057] Example 3 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, the difference is that: the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate and there is no coated montmorillonite layer.

[0058] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.6, the total salt is 4.5 mg / kg, CO3 2- 78 mg / kg, HCO3 - 440 mg / kg, Cl - 362 mg / kg, K + / Na + 311 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 530 kg.

[0059] Example 4 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, the difference is that: the negatively charged composite microbial granular biofertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin do not introduce hydrated negative ions.

[0060] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.8, the total salt is 4.5 mg / kg, CO3 2- 84 mg / kg, HCO3 - 461 mg / kg, Cl -387 mg / kg, K + / Na + 342 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 500 kg.

[0061] Example 5 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin are both 150 μm.

[0062] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.7, the total salt is 4.4 mg / kg, CO3 2- 63 mg / kg, HCO3 - 410 mg / kg, Cl - 314 mg / kg, K + / Na + 297 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 540 kg.

[0063] Example 6 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: the soil conditioner includes: 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 9 parts of straw powder, 0.6 part of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.6 part of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.7 part of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 1 part of nitrifying bacteria, 3 parts of brown sugar, and 80 parts of water.

[0064] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 8.6, the total salt is 4.5 mg / kg, CO3 2- 73 mg / kg, HCO3 - 421 mg / kg, Cl - 374 mg / kg, K + / Na + 301 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 562 kg.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: it is connected to the groundwater layer.

[0066] After being improved by the above method, the pH value is 9.2, the total salt is 4.55 mg / kg, CO3 2- 130 mg / kg, HCO3 - 501 mg / kg, Cl - 496 mg / kg, K + / Na + 753 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 300 kg.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 It is basically the same as the method of Example 1, except that: the spiral drill bit rotates at a speed of 8 R / min.

[0068] The original soil of saline-alkali land in a certain city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River: pH value 8.9, total salt 4.55 mg / kg, CO3 2- 96 mg / kg, HCO3 - 498 mg / kg, Cl - 561 mg / kg, K + / Na + 811 mg / kg; The yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 430 kg.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0070] The terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River, characterized in that: include: S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, the powder ridge machine is used for land preparation. The spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is inserted vertically into the soil. When the spiral drill bit is at a distance from the top of the groundwater layer to prevent electrical conduction, the spiral drill bit is stopped from descending. The range of the anti-electrical conduction distance is 18cm-22cm. In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is used to cut the soil horizontally at a speed of 26-35R / min for 3-5min, so that the spiral drill bit is negatively charged. S2: The spiral drill bit is used to deep loosen and deep plow the saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9-15R / min; during the deep loosening and deep plowing, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin are sprayed, thereby mixing the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer, and a positively charged blocking layer is formed within the distance of the anti-electrical conduction distance above the top of the groundwater level layer; S3: After powder ridge, water in autumn and spring to melt the frozen soil, further wash out the salt and inhibit salt, drip irrigation equipment drips soil conditioner, and plants are planted.

2. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer includes: 1-2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-13 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.8-1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2-3 parts of brown sugar powder.

3. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pH value of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 7.5-8.

0.

4. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin is a montmorillonite layer coated with sodium polyacrylate, and the amount of montmorillonite added is 1.1-1.3% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin.

5. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin added is 6-9 kg per mu, and the amount of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer added is 10-20 kg per mu.

6. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the injection method is high-pressure air delivery, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is 1.5-2 times the atmospheric pressure.

7. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, during the spraying of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin, hydrated negative ions are introduced through the transport pipeline to mix with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin.

8. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 80-250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is 60-100 μm.

9. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is greater than the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin, and the difference is more than 20 μm.

10. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the soil conditioner includes: 3-4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-8 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 7-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.5-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 2-3 parts of brown sugar, and 70-80 parts of water.

Images