A method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and specifically relates to a method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant alfalfa on the saline-alkali land, and let the alfalfa overwinter after being mowed; S2. Interplant oats and alfalfa in rows, and harvest the oats after they mature; S3. After harvesting the oats, plant okra in the planting area of the oats. The okra and alfalfa are interplanted in rows. After the okra matures, pick the okra, then cut the above-ground part of the okra and spread it flat between the planting rows; S4. During the planting period of oats and okra, mow the alfalfa multiple times, and let the alfalfa overwinter after the last mowing. By means of the efficient cultivation mode of interplanting alfalfa and oats, interplanting alfalfa and okra, and rotating oats and okra, the present invention improves the yield and quality of alfalfa and enhances the improvement effect of alfalfa on saline-alkali land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra. Background Art

[0002] Under the strategic background of scarce cultivated land resources and food security in China, coastal saline-alkali land, as an important type of land reserve resource, its rational development and utilization is of great significance for ensuring the safety of cultivated land and food production in China and strictly observing the national cultivated land red line.

[0003] However, saline-alkali land is not suitable for the cultivation of ordinary crops, and it is necessary to improve saline-alkali land. At present, the method of using crops to improve saline-alkali land has received increasing attention. While improving saline-alkali, it has certain economic benefits and can also increase farmers' income. Among them, forage alfalfa and cash crop okra have received much attention in the improvement of coastal saline-alkali land. Among them, alfalfa is a perennial plant that can continuously improve saline-alkali land for a long time, but the price of alfalfa is low and the economic benefit is poor; while okra has relatively high economic benefits, but okra is an annual plant with a short growth cycle, and the improvement effect of single okra planting on saline-alkali land is limited. Therefore, how to balance economic benefits while ensuring the improvement effect of saline-alkali land has become a difficult point. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra. Through the efficient cultivation modes of intercropping alfalfa and oats, intercropping alfalfa and okra, and rotation of oats and okra, the yield and quality of alfalfa are improved, and the improvement effect of alfalfa on saline-alkali land is enhanced.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Plant alfalfa on saline-alkali land in August-September of the first year, and cut and overwinter after alfalfa grows for 1-2 months;

[0008] S2. Plant oats on saline-alkali land in March-April of the second year. The oats and alfalfa are planted in an inter-row intercropping method, with 2-4 rows of oats intercropped with 6-12 rows of alfalfa. After the oats mature, harvest the oats;

[0009] S3. Raise seedlings of okra in May-June of the second year. After harvesting the oats in step S2, plant okra in the planting area of oats. The okra and alfalfa are planted in an inter-row intercropping method, with 1 row of okra intercropped with 6-12 rows of alfalfa. After the okra matures, pick the okra, then cut the above-ground part of the okra and spread it flat between the planting rows;

[0010] During the planting period of oats and okra, that is, from March to October of the second year, alfalfa is cut 4 - 6 times, and alfalfa overwinters after the last cutting.

[0011] S5. In the third year, alfalfa is replanted or reseeded, and then steps S2 - S4 are cyclically repeated for a new round of rotation of oats and okra.

[0012] Further, before step S1, there is also step S0:

[0013] S0. Set up multiple alfalfa planting experimental groups. The planting densities of alfalfa in multiple experimental groups are arranged in an arithmetic progression. The seeding rate of the alfalfa is 15 - 30 kg / hm 2 , the planting row spacing is 25 - 30 cm, and the optimal seeding rate and row spacing of saline - alkali land alfalfa are selected according to the growth conditions of alfalfa in multiple experimental groups.

[0014] In step S1, alfalfa is planted with the optimal seeding rate and row spacing of saline - alkali land alfalfa obtained in step S0.

[0015] Further, in step S2, the seeding rate of the oats is 125 - 175 kg / hm 2 .

[0016] Further, when planting okra in step S3, if the height of alfalfa ≥ 20 cm, cut alfalfa to a stubble of 10 - 20 cm and cover the bare ground of the okra planting area with the cut alfalfa.

[0017] Further, in step S3, the seeding rate of the okra is 30 - 45 kg / hm 2 .

[0018] Further, in step S1, the alfalfa is sown after the first effective rainfall. Before sowing, 3.5 - 4 t / hm of organic fertilizer, 2 80 - 120 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer, 2 45 - 55 kg / hm of potassium fertilizer 2 are applied.

[0019] Further, at least 3 groups of sensor groups are placed in the canopy of the alfalfa. The sensor groups are respectively located in the middle row of alfalfa and in the two alfalfa rows close to oats.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. In the present invention, an intercropping mode of alfalfa and oats, an intercropping mode of alfalfa and okra, and a rotation mode of oats and okra are adopted for saline - alkali land improvement. Alfalfa is used as the main planted crop to improve the saline - alkali land in the long term, and the intercropping of oats and okra is combined to increase the economic income of farmers.

[0022] Compared with the single planting of alfalfa, the cultivation mode in the present invention is more effective for the improvement of saline-alkali land. The cultivation mode utilizes the deep root crop characteristics of alfalfa and the dense distribution of oat roots in the shallow tillage layer of 10-30 cm to construct an overall layout of the root system from shallow to deep in the soil, which improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil and effectively prevents the poisoning of secondary saline-alkali. When the environment is dry, with the evaporation of water in the soil, salt and alkali are easily accumulated on the soil surface, causing physiological and non-physiological dual drought stress to shallow crop oats, but under drought stress, alfalfa can absorb deep soil water and release it to the shallow soil, playing a role in water extraction, supplying water to oats, which can not only reduce the harm of drought stress to oats, but also prevent the poisoning of secondary saline-alkali.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, okra is taller than alfalfa and has a large canopy, which has a shading effect on alfalfa. Since alfalfa grows slowly under high temperature in summer, the shading effect of okra on alfalfa can promote the growth of alfalfa, regulate the temperature to avoid high temperature damage to alfalfa, thereby forming efficient production of alfalfa. After another round of planting, okra is harvested at the same time as the last crop of alfalfa. At this time, alfalfa enters the wintering period, and the stalks of okra can cover bare land. The soil temperature and humidity remain in a relatively mild state, which is conducive to the growth of alfalfa in the next year, improves the wintering rate of alfalfa and the greening rate in the second year, thereby improving the improvement effect of alfalfa on saline-alkali land.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, immature alfalfa is mowed when okra is planted, and the oat harvest time is about mid-June, which is the high temperature in summer. However, since the height of okra is only about 30 cm when it is just planted, and the okra canopy is sparse, it cannot provide shade to the alfalfa. Therefore, the alfalfa at this stage grows slowly and has poor quality and low feeding value. Therefore, the alfalfa above the okra is mowed and covered to the exposed ground in the okra planting area to avoid direct sunlight on the surface, reduce the transpiration of water due to high temperature, play the role of water conservation and fertilizer increase in the okra planting area, and ensure the growth of okra; at the same time, the okra after planting grows for 1 month and enters the initial fruiting stage. The okra plant height grows rapidly from the planting to the initial fruiting stage, thereby ensuring that the okra always provides shade to the alfalfa during the regrowth process after mowing, which is beneficial to the efficient production of alfalfa and the improvement of the feeding value of alfalfa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intercropping cultivation mode of alfalfa and oats;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intercropping cultivation mode of alfalfa and okra;

[0027] In the attached figure, A, alfalfa, B, oats, C, okra. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. 1. Specific embodiments

[0030] Example 1

[0031] S0, the experiment set three sowing densities (seeding rates were 15, 22.5, and 30 kg / hm 2 The row spacing was 25, 30, and 35 cm, respectively, and a group of bare land was set as a blank group. The optimal alfalfa sowing rate and row spacing in saline-alkali land were selected as 22.5 kg / hm 2 , 30cm;

[0032] S1. In August of the first year, after the first effective rainfall, the sowing rate is 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 , sow alfalfa with a row spacing of 30cm, and apply 3.75t / hm2 of finished organic fertilizer before sowing. 2 , Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 100kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer (K2O) 50kg / hm 2 , alfalfa is mowed in September and then overwintered;

[0033] S2. In mid-March of the second year, alfalfa was interplanted between the rows, using the interplanting method of 6 rows of alfalfa ∥ 2 rows of oats, and the oat sowing rate was 150kg / hm 2 , harvest oats in mid-June;

[0034] S3. In mid-May of the second year, okra seedlings were raised, and okra was planted after oats were harvested. The okra and alfalfa were planted in an inter-row intercropping manner, and an intercropping manner of 6 rows of alfalfa ∥ 1 row of okra was adopted. When planting okra, the alfalfa was mowed to leave a stubble of 12 cm, and the mowed alfalfa was used to cover the exposed ground in the okra planting area. Three sets of sensor groups were placed in the alfalfa canopy, and the sensor groups were respectively located in the alfalfa row close to the okra, the middle row of alfalfa, and the last row. The sensor groups were used to monitor the dynamic changes of the temperature and humidity of the alfalfa canopy in real time. After the okra matured at the end of October, the okra was picked, and then the above-ground part of the okra was harvested and spread between the planting rows;

[0035] S4: During the planting period of oats and okra, alfalfa was mowed four times (late May, mid-July, mid-August, and early October), and alfalfa overwintered after the last mowing;

[0036] S5, replanting alfalfa, and then repeating steps S2-S4, and then performing another round of rotation planting of oats and okra;

[0037] Example 2

[0038] S1. In September of the first year, after the first effective rainfall, the sowing rate is 22.5 kg / hm2. 2, sow alfalfa with a row spacing of 30cm, and apply 3.5t / hm2 of finished organic fertilizer before sowing. 2 , Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 120kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer (K2O) 55kg / hm 2 , alfalfa is mowed in November and overwintered;

[0039] S2. In mid-April of the second year, alfalfa was interplanted between the rows, using the interplanting method of 9 rows of alfalfa ∥ 3 rows of oats, and the oat sowing rate was 125kg / hm 2 , harvest oats in mid-July;

[0040] S3. In mid-June of the second year, okra seedlings were raised, and okra was planted after oats were harvested. The okra and alfalfa were planted in an inter-row intercropping manner, and an intercropping manner of 9 rows of alfalfa ∥ 1 row of okra was adopted. When planting okra, the alfalfa was mowed to leave a stubble of 12 cm, and the mowed alfalfa was used to cover the exposed ground in the okra planting area. Six sensor groups were placed in the alfalfa canopy, two sensor groups were respectively located in the alfalfa rows on both sides close to the okra, and the remaining four sensor groups were equidistantly distributed along the row direction of the alfalfa. The sensor groups were used to monitor the dynamic changes of the temperature and humidity of the alfalfa canopy in real time. After the okra matured at the end of November, the okra was picked, and then the above-ground part of the okra was harvested and spread between the planting rows;

[0041] S4: During the planting period of oats and okra, alfalfa was mowed five times (late May, mid-June, mid-August, mid-September, and mid-October), and alfalfa was overwintered after the last mowing;

[0042] S5, replanting alfalfa, and then repeating steps S2-S4, and then performing another round of rotation planting of oats and okra;

[0043] Example 3

[0044] S1. In August of the first year, after the first effective rainfall, the sowing rate is 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 , sow alfalfa with a row spacing of 35cm, and apply 4t / hm2 of finished organic fertilizer before sowing. 2 , Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 80kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer (K2O) 45kg / hm 2 , alfalfa is mowed in September and then overwintered;

[0045] S2. In mid-March of the second year, alfalfa was interplanted between the rows, using the interplanting method of 12 rows of alfalfa ∥ 4 rows of oats, and the oat sowing rate was 175kg / hm 2 , harvest oats in mid-June;

[0046] S3. In mid-May of the second year, okra seedlings are raised, and okra is planted after oats are harvested. The okra and alfalfa are planted in an inter-row intercropping manner, and an intercropping manner of 12 rows of alfalfa ∥ 1 row of okra is adopted. Before planting okra, 6 sensor groups are placed in the alfalfa canopy, 2 sensor groups are respectively located in the alfalfa rows on both sides close to the okra, and the remaining 4 sensor groups are equidistantly distributed along the row direction of the alfalfa. The sensor groups are used to monitor the dynamic changes of the temperature and humidity of the alfalfa canopy in real time. After the okra matures at the end of October, the okra is picked, and then the above-ground part of the okra is harvested and laid flat between the planting rows;

[0047] S4. During the planting period of oats and okra, alfalfa was mowed six times (early April, early May, mid-June, late July, early September, and mid-October), and alfalfa overwintered after the last mowing;

[0048] S5, replanting alfalfa, and then repeating steps S2-S4, and then performing another round of rotation planting of oats and okra;

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] In comparative example 1, alfalfa was planted alone.

[0051] S1. In August of the first year, after the first effective rainfall, the sowing rate is 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 , sow alfalfa with a row spacing of 30cm, and apply 3.75t / hm2 of finished organic fertilizer before sowing. 2 , Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 100kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer (K2O) 50kg / hm 2 , alfalfa is mowed in September and then overwintered;

[0052] S2. During the period from May to October in the second year, alfalfa was mowed five times (late May, mid-June, mid-July, mid-August, and early October). The alfalfa overwintered after the last mowing.

[0053] S3. During the period from May to October in the third year, alfalfa was mowed again five times (late May, mid-June, mid-July, mid-August, and early October).

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 1, S3 did not spread the above-ground part of okra between the planting rows.

[0056] 2. Performance Test

[0057] A blank test field was set up, in which no crops were planted, and its soil parameters were measured in late October. Then, the soil parameters in the embodiment and the comparative example were measured in late October, and the cut alfalfa was tested.

[0058] Table 1

[0059] Soil electrical conductivity (μs / cm) Soil water content (%) Blank group 347 10.8 Example 1 281 13.7 Example 2 274 13.8 Example 3 265 12.4 Comparative example 1 304 11.3 Comparative example 2 293 11.6

[0060] Table 2

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from Table 1, in Examples 1-3, the saline-alkali land improvement method of the present invention was used for alfalfa cultivation, and the water retention and salinity of the soil were improved to varying degrees. In Comparative Example 1, the canopy shading of okra was lacking, which accelerated the transpiration of water in the soil, resulting in an increase in salt content and a decrease in water content. In Comparative Example 2, the straw of okra was not used to cover the soil to form water and heat preservation, resulting in a decrease in water content.

[0064] As can be seen from Table 2, using the saline-alkali land improvement method of the present invention to grow alfalfa not only has a high yield, but also the quality of the obtained alfalfa is good. This is because the shading effect of okra on alfalfa can promote the growth of alfalfa, regulate the temperature to avoid high-temperature damage to alfalfa, so that alfalfa forms efficient production and improves the quality of alfalfa. At the same time, the straw of okra can cover the bare land, and the soil temperature and humidity remain relatively mild, which is beneficial to the growth of alfalfa in the following year, improves the overwintering rate and the regreening rate in the second year of alfalfa, and thus increases the yield.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S0. Set multiple alfalfa planting test groups, and the planting densities of alfalfa in the multiple test groups are arranged in an arithmetic progression. The seeding rate of the alfalfa is 15 - 30 kg / hm 2 , the planting row spacing is 25 - 35 cm, and select the optimal seeding rate and row spacing of saline-alkali land alfalfa according to the growth conditions of alfalfa in the multiple test groups; S1. Plant alfalfa with the optimal seeding rate and row spacing obtained in step S0. Plant alfalfa in saline-alkali land in August-September of the first year. After the alfalfa grows for 1-2 months, cut it for overwintering; S2. Plant oats in saline-alkali land in March-April of the second year. The oats and alfalfa are intercropped in the row space. 2-4 rows of oats are intercropped with 6-12 rows of alfalfa. Harvest the oats after they mature; S3. Raise the seedlings of okra in May-June of the second year. After harvesting the oats in step S2, plant the okra in the planting area of the oats. The okra and alfalfa are intercropped in the row space. 1 row of okra is intercropped with 6-12 rows of alfalfa. Pick the okra after it matures, then cut the above-ground part of the okra and spread it flat between the planting rows; When planting the okra in step S3, if the height of the alfalfa is ≥20 cm, cut the alfalfa to a stubble of 10-20 cm and cover the bare ground in the okra planting area with the cut alfalfa; S4. During the planting period of oats and okra, that is, from March to October of the second year, cut the alfalfa 4-6 times. After the last cutting of the alfalfa, overwinter; S5. Observe the density and quality of the alfalfa in the third year, reseed or replant the alfalfa, and then repeat steps S2-S4 in a cycle for a new round of rotation of oats and okra; At least 3 groups of sensor groups are placed on the canopy of the alfalfa. The sensor groups are located in the middle row of the alfalfa and the alfalfa rows close to both sides of the okra respectively. The sensor group includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

2. The saline-alkali land improvement method based on the efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra according to claim 1, characterized in that The seeding rate of oats described in step S2 is 125 - 175 kg / hm 2 .

3. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing rate of okra described in step S3 is 30 - 45 kg / hm 2 .

4. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on an efficient cultivation mode of alfalfa, oats and okra according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alfalfa described in step S1 is sown after the first effective rainfall, and 3.5 - 4 t / hm of organic fertilizer is applied before sowing 2 , 80 - 120 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 , 45 - 55 kg / hm of potassium fertilizer 2 .

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