Water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system and method based on distributed ad hoc network

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy system design, in particular to a water conservancy informatization data collection and transmission system and method based on a distributed ad hoc network, and the method comprises the steps: deploying monitoring nodes at each monitoring point of a water conservancy project to collect hydrological data and environmental data; peripheral monitoring nodes are automatically found and connected through a distributed ad hoc network module, a multi-hop wireless network is formed, and communication between the monitoring nodes and gateway nodes is achieved. Specifically, a dynamic routing algorithm is adopted to monitor the delay and signal stability of a link in real time and monitor node residual energy, and an optimal transmission path is calculated; when a node or a link has a fault, a routing path is automatically recalculated according to a fault processing strategy, and disaster recovery transmission is realized; the energy consumption of the monitoring node is reduced through a sleep wake-up mode and an energy-aware routing algorithm; and converging the data of each monitoring node at the gateway node, and uploading the data to a cloud data center. And the flexibility and reliability of data transmission are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of water conservancy system design, and specifically relates to a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system and method based on a distributed self-organizing network. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of water conservancy informatization construction, traditional water conservancy monitoring systems face many severe challenges in remote areas or regions with complex geographical environments.

[0003] In remote areas, due to the limitations of infrastructure construction, the network coverage is insufficient, resulting in difficulty for water conservancy monitoring stations to effectively access common cellular networks (such as 4G / 5G), and it is impossible to achieve stable data transmission. Although satellite communication can solve the network coverage problem to a certain extent, it has defects such as high cost, limited bandwidth, and large transmission delay, and it is difficult to meet the strict requirements of water conservancy monitoring for real-time data transmission. Traditional water conservancy monitoring systems mostly adopt a single-point communication mode. In this mode, the communication link is relatively fragile. Once affected by external factors (such as natural disasters, equipment failures, etc.), it is extremely easy to cause link failures, and then lead to problems such as data transmission interruption or data loss, seriously affecting the integrity and accuracy of water conservancy monitoring data. In addition, the power supply conditions in remote areas are limited, and there are huge challenges in ensuring the power supply of monitoring equipment. At the same time, the communication modules equipped with the monitoring equipment have high energy consumption. In the case of difficult power supply, the high energy consumption further limits the long-term stable operation of the monitoring equipment, shortens the service life of the equipment, and increases the cost of equipment maintenance and replacement.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great practical significance and application value to develop a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system that can effectively solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional water conservancy monitoring system, the present invention provides a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system and method based on a distributed self-organizing network.

[0006] In a first aspect, the technical solution of the present invention provides a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system based on a distributed self-organizing network, including monitoring nodes, gateway nodes, and a cloud data center; The monitoring nodes are deployed at each monitoring point of the water conservancy project, and are used to collect hydrological data and environmental data. The monitoring nodes are integrated with a wireless communication module and a distributed self-organizing network module; The distributed self-organizing network module is used to automatically discover and connect to surrounding monitoring nodes, and form a multi-hop wireless network to realize the communication between the monitoring nodes and the gateway nodes; The distributed ad-hoc network module is configured to: use a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the latency, signal stability of the link, and the remaining energy of the monitoring nodes in real time, and calculate the optimal transmission path; when a monitoring node or link fails, automatically recalculate the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to achieve disaster-tolerant transmission; reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring nodes through the sleep-wake mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm; The gateway node is used to aggregate the data of each monitoring node and upload the data to the cloud data center through satellite, 4G / 5G or fiber optic links; The cloud data center is used to store and process the received data.

[0007] A complete water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system is constructed. The monitoring nodes can be flexibly deployed to collect data. The distributed ad-hoc network module realizes communication without infrastructure dependence. The dynamic routing algorithm ensures efficient data transmission. The disaster-tolerant transmission ensures uninterrupted data. The energy-saving algorithm reduces energy consumption. The gateway node and the cloud data center cooperate with each other to improve the practicability, reliability and sustainability of the system, providing strong support for the construction of water conservancy informatization.

[0008] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the distributed ad-hoc network module calculates a latency score based on the latency of the link, calculates a link score based on the signal stability, calculates an energy score based on the current remaining battery power of the monitoring node, performs a weighted sum of the latency score, the link score and the energy score to obtain the total link quality score of each path, and selects the path with the highest total link quality score as the optimal transmission path; when every N data packets are transmitted or the link quality changes exceed a pre-set quality threshold, re-evaluate the path; Wherein, the N is a pre-set integer; when the change in the latency score of the link exceeds a first threshold, the change in the link score exceeds a second threshold, or the change in the energy score exceeds a third threshold, it is determined that the link quality change exceeds the quality threshold.

[0009] By comprehensively considering latency, signal stability and node remaining energy, selecting the optimal path in a weighted sum manner, and dynamically evaluating the path according to the number of data packet transmissions or link quality changes, the best transmission path can be accurately selected, improving data transmission efficiency, ensuring the stability and efficiency of transmission, and adapting to complex and changeable network environments.

[0010] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the distributed ad-hoc network module obtains the current scenario mode of the monitoring node, obtains the corresponding weight combination value stored locally according to the current scenario mode, and performs a weighted sum of the latency score, the link score and the energy score according to the obtained weight combination value to obtain the total link quality score of each path; Where the scenario modes include a default mode, an emergency mode and an energy-saving mode; The default mode corresponds to the first weight combination value, the emergency mode corresponds to the second weight combination value with priority given to low latency, and the energy-saving mode corresponds to the third weight combination value with priority given to high energy; the first weight combination value, the second weight combination value, and the third weight combination value are respectively stored in the set area of the local storage unit.

[0011] According to different scenario modes, select the corresponding weight combination value to calculate the total link quality score. The default mode takes into account various factors, the emergency mode gives priority to ensuring low latency, and the energy-saving mode focuses on high energy, meeting diverse requirements and improving the adaptability and performance of the system in different scenarios.

[0012] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the monitoring node regularly broadcasts heartbeat packets to exchange the remaining battery power of the monitoring node currently, and measures the round-trip time of the heartbeat packet from the source node to the target node to obtain the delay R TT , and calculates the link score by receiving the signal strength R SSI and the packet loss rate P LR ; Delay score = 1 / (R TT + ε); Link score = α×R SSI + (1 - α)×(1 - P LR ); Energy score = remaining battery power / 100; Among them, ε is a preset constant, and α is a weight coefficient.

[0013] The specific calculation methods of the delay score, the link score, and the energy score are clarified, and quantitative evaluation is carried out by exchanging information through heartbeat packets, providing a scientific basis for path selection and making the routing decision more accurate and reasonable.

[0014] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the monitoring node is also provided with a sensor module and a data processing module, and the monitoring node is configured with a real-time clock and an interrupt detection circuit; The specific implementation of the distributed self-organizing network module to reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep-wakeup mode includes: In the non-data acquisition and transmission stage, the sensor module and the wireless communication module are turned off, and the timer and the interrupt detection circuit are maintained to work normally; wake up regularly through the timer according to a preset period; when it is detected that the hydrological data exceeds the set threshold or when data from a neighbor monitoring node is received, at least one of the following modules is immediately woken up by the external interrupt detected by the interrupt detection circuit: The wireless communication module participates in the self-organizing network data transmission; The sensor module collects hydrological data; The data processing module analyzes the data and selects the transmission path.

[0015] The sleep-wakeup mode shuts down some modules when not necessary, only maintaining the operation of critical components. The periodic wakeup and interrupt wakeup mechanisms ensure timely response when needed, effectively reducing energy consumption, improving the energy utilization efficiency of monitoring nodes, and extending the service life of the device.

[0016] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the specific implementation of the distributed self-organizing network module to reduce the energy consumption of monitoring nodes through the energy-aware routing algorithm includes: The monitoring nodes regularly broadcast the remaining energy values and maintain an energy status table of neighbor nodes; When the distributed self-organizing network module performs route selection, it excludes monitoring nodes with remaining energy lower than the first set value, and selects relay nodes according to the energy score from the remaining monitoring nodes; a daily forwarding limit value is set for the relay nodes, and after exceeding the upper limit value, the relay qualification is suspended.

[0017] The energy-aware routing algorithm reasonably distributes transmission tasks, balances node energy consumption, and extends the running time of the entire network by broadcasting the remaining energy values, maintaining the energy status table, excluding low-energy nodes, and setting the relay node forwarding limit.

[0018] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the distributed self-organizing network module selects a path with a path score greater than the set threshold from the remaining monitoring nodes; if the difference between multiple path scores is less than the first percentage, it selects the path with the fewest hops, and the monitoring nodes on the path with the fewest hops are the relay nodes.

[0019] When selecting relay nodes, priority is given to the path score, and when the score difference is small, the path with the fewest hops is selected, which can reduce the number of transmission hops while ensuring the path quality, reduce transmission delay and energy consumption, and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0020] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the specific implementation of the distributed self-organizing network module to achieve disaster-tolerant transmission includes: Periodically detect the survival status of monitoring nodes. When a node fails, automatically forward the data to a standby relay node. The standby relay node is selected based on the historical routing record combined with the current network topology and node remaining energy information, specifically selecting a monitoring node with a data transmission success rate higher than the fourth threshold and remaining energy higher than the third threshold in the historical routing as the standby relay node.

[0021] The disaster-tolerant transmission mechanism ensures uninterrupted data transmission when a node fails, improves the fault tolerance and reliability of the system, by periodically detecting the survival status of nodes, quickly switching to the standby relay node, and the standby relay node is selected based on the historical routing and the current node status.

[0022] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the monitoring node further includes a data priority scheduling module; A sensor module that automatically increases the data acquisition frequency when the rate of change of environmental parameters exceeds a threshold; and when the storage space is insufficient, overwrites the earliest data in chronological order.

[0023] A data priority scheduling module that classifies data into high-priority data and low-priority data; and preferentially allocates network resources to transmit high-priority data; Among them, the high-priority data involves real-time key data for the safe operation of water conservancy projects, including flood warning and water level alarm data, and the low-priority data includes historical monitoring data and equipment status information.

[0024] The sensor module can automatically adjust the acquisition frequency according to environmental changes and reasonably manage data when the storage space is insufficient. The data priority scheduling module ensures the priority transmission of key data, improves the timeliness and accuracy of data processing, and is crucial for the safe operation of water conservancy projects.

[0025] In a second aspect, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission method based on a distributed ad-hoc network, including the following steps: Deploy monitoring nodes at each monitoring point of the water conservancy project to collect hydrological data and environmental data; Automatically discover and connect to surrounding monitoring nodes through a distributed ad-hoc network module to form a multi-hop wireless network and realize communication between the monitoring nodes and the gateway node; specifically including: using a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring nodes in real time, calculate the optimal transmission path; when a monitoring node or link fails, automatically recalculate the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to achieve disaster-tolerant transmission; reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring nodes through the sleep-wakeup mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm; Aggregate the data of each monitoring node at the gateway node and upload the data to the cloud data center through satellite, 4G / 5G, or fiber optic links; The cloud data center stores and processes the received data.

[0026] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the steps of using a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring nodes in real time and calculate the optimal transmission path include: Monitor the delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring nodes in real time; Calculate a delay score based on the delay of the link, a link score based on the signal stability, and an energy score based on the remaining battery power of the monitoring node; Perform a weighted sum of the delay score, link score, and energy score to obtain the total link quality score of each path, and select the path with the highest total link quality score as the optimal transmission path; When N data packets are transmitted or the link quality changes exceed a preset quality threshold, re-evaluate the path; wherein, N is a preset integer; when the change in the delay score of the link exceeds the first threshold, the change in the link score exceeds the second threshold, or the change in the energy score exceeds the third threshold, it is determined that the link quality change exceeds the quality threshold.

[0027] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the step of performing weighted summation on the delay score, the link score, and the energy score to obtain the total link quality score of each path includes: Obtain the current scenario mode of the monitoring node, obtain the corresponding weight combination value prestored locally according to the current scenario mode, and perform weighted summation on the delay score, the link score, and the energy score according to the obtained weight combination value to obtain the total link quality score of each path; where the scenario mode includes a default mode, an emergency mode, and an energy-saving mode; The default mode corresponds to a first weight combination value, the emergency mode corresponds to a second weight combination value with priority for low delay, and the energy-saving mode corresponds to a third weight combination value with priority for high energy; the first weight combination value, the second weight combination value, and the third weight combination value are respectively stored in the set area of the local storage unit and are updated through system initialization or remote configuration.

[0028] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the step of real-time monitoring of the delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring node of the link includes: The monitoring node periodically broadcasts heartbeat packets, exchanges the remaining battery power of the monitoring node currently, and measures the round-trip time of the heartbeat packet from the source node to the target node to obtain the delay R TT and the received signal strength R SSI and the packet loss rate P LR ; The calculation formulas in the steps of calculating the delay score based on the delay of the link, calculating the link score based on the signal stability, and calculating the energy score based on the remaining battery power of the monitoring node are as follows: Delay score = 1 / (R TT + ε); Link score = α × R SSI + (1 - α) × (1 - P LR ); Energy score = remaining battery power / 100; where ε is a preset constant and α is a weight coefficient.

[0029] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps of reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep-wakeup mode include: During the non-data collection and transmission phase, the sensor module and the wireless communication module are turned off, and the timer and the interrupt detection circuit are maintained to work normally; wake up regularly through the timer according to a preset period; when it is detected that the hydrological data exceeds the set threshold or the data of the neighboring monitoring nodes is received, at least one of the following modules is immediately awakened by the external interrupt detected by the interrupt detection circuit: The wireless communication module participates in the self-organizing network data transmission; The sensor module collects hydrological data; The data processing module analyzes the data and selects the transmission path.

[0030] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps of reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node by the energy-aware routing algorithm include: The monitoring node regularly broadcasts the remaining energy value and maintains the energy status table of the neighboring nodes; When the distributed self-organizing network module performs routing selection, it excludes the monitoring nodes with the remaining energy lower than the first set value, and selects the relay nodes according to the energy score from the remaining monitoring nodes; set the upper limit value of the daily forwarding times for the relay nodes, and suspend their relay qualification after exceeding the upper limit value.

[0031] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the method further includes: The distributed self-organizing network module selects the path with the path score greater than the set threshold from the remaining monitoring nodes; if the difference between multiple path scores is less than the first percentage, select the path with the fewest hops, and the monitoring nodes on the path with the fewest hops are the relay nodes.

[0032] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps of realizing disaster-tolerant transmission include: Periodically detect the survival status of the monitoring node. When the node fails, automatically forward the data to the standby relay node. The standby relay node is selected according to the historical routing record combined with the current network topology structure and the node remaining energy information, specifically, select the monitoring node with the data transmission success rate higher than the fourth threshold and the remaining energy higher than the third threshold in the historical routing as the standby relay node.

[0033] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the method further includes: When the change rate of the environmental parameters exceeds the threshold, automatically increase the data collection frequency; and when the storage space is insufficient, overwrite the earliest data in chronological order.

[0034] Divide the data into high-priority data and low-priority data; preferentially allocate network resources to transmit high-priority data; Among them, the high-priority data involves real-time key data for the safe operation of water conservancy projects, including flood warning and water level alarm data, and the low-priority data includes historical monitoring data and equipment status information.

[0035] The sensor module automatically increases the data acquisition frequency when the change rate of environmental parameters exceeds the threshold; the threshold is preset according to the characteristics of different environmental parameters and monitoring requirements, and the judgment criterion for insufficient storage space is that the remaining storage space is less than 20% of the total storage space; and when the storage space is insufficient, the earliest data is overwritten in chronological order.

[0036] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present application has the following advantages: Through the distributed self-organizing network technology, a multi-hop wireless network is realized, enhancing the flexibility and reliability of data transmission. The dynamic routing algorithm and the disaster-tolerant transmission mechanism ensure the continuity and reliability of data transmission in case of node or link failures. The sleep-wake mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm effectively reduce the energy consumption of monitoring nodes and extend the service life of the nodes. By regularly broadcasting the remaining energy value and maintaining the neighbor energy status table, energy consumption balance among nodes is achieved. Through the comprehensive evaluation of delay scoring, link scoring, and energy scoring, the optimal transmission path is selected to improve the efficiency of data transmission. The data priority scheduling module ensures the timely transmission of high-priority data and guarantees the safe operation of water conservancy projects. The disaster-tolerant transmission mechanism and the selection strategy of backup relay nodes enhance the robustness of the system and ensure that data transmission is not affected in case of node failures. By periodically detecting the node survival status, faulty nodes are promptly discovered and processed to ensure the stable operation of the system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings required for description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0038] Figure 1 It is the system architecture diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is the flowchart of the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0040] To make the application purpose, features, and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments and accompanying drawings will be used below to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions protected by this application. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this patent.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention provides a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission system based on a distributed ad hoc network, as Figure 1 shown, including monitoring nodes, gateway nodes, and cloud data centers; The monitoring nodes are deployed at each monitoring point of the water conservancy project, and are used to collect hydrological data (such as water level, flow rate, rainfall) and environmental data (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed). The monitoring nodes are integrated with a wireless communication module and a distributed ad hoc network module; The distributed ad hoc network module is used to automatically discover and connect to surrounding monitoring nodes, forming a multi-hop wireless network to realize communication between the monitoring nodes and the gateway nodes; The monitoring nodes automatically discover neighboring nodes and form a network through wireless communication (such as LoRa, ZigBee, Wi-Fi Mesh). Each node can serve as a relay node for data to achieve multi-hop transmission of data. For example, when node A collects data and cannot directly communicate with the gateway node, it will send the data to the nearest node B, and node B will then forward it to node C until the data is successfully transmitted to the gateway node. Monitoring devices (rain gauges, water level gauges, flow meters, current meters, temperature and humidity meters, etc.) are connected to the monitoring nodes through Wi-Fi, RS-232, RS-485, etc.

[0042] The distributed ad hoc network module is configured to: use a dynamic routing algorithm to continuously monitor the link delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring nodes, calculate the optimal transmission path; when a monitoring node or link fails, automatically recalculate the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to achieve disaster-tolerant transmission; reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring nodes through the sleep-wake mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm; The gateway node is used to aggregate the data of each monitoring node and upload the data to the cloud data center through satellite, 4G / 5G, or fiber optic links; The cloud data center is used to store and process the received data.

[0043] Figure 1Multiple examples of wireless networks are given, where each wireless transmission network has six monitoring nodes, labeled as Monitoring Node A, Monitoring Node B, Monitoring Node C, Monitoring Node D, Monitoring Node E, and Monitoring Node F. Up to Monitoring Node An, Monitoring Node Bn, Monitoring Node Cn, Monitoring Node Dn, Monitoring Node En, and Monitoring Node Fn. A hierarchical monitoring network architecture consisting of multiple monitoring nodes, a gateway node, and a cloud data center is formed to achieve data collection, transmission, and centralized management.

[0044] The monitoring nodes use low-power microcontrollers as the core control unit, and are equipped with various sensors to form a sensor module. For example, water level sensors are used to collect hydrological data, and temperature and humidity sensors are used to collect environmental data. The wireless communication module selects chips that support multiple communication protocols (such as LoRa, ZigBee, etc.) to adapt to different environmental requirements. The distributed ad-hoc network module is developed and integrated based on a specific Ad Hoc network protocol stack. The gateway node selects a high-performance processor and is equipped with a large-capacity storage device and multiple communication interface cards (satellite communication module, 4G / 5G communication module, fiber optic network card, etc.). The cloud data center is built on a cloud computing platform and is configured with hardware facilities such as a database server and a data analysis server.

[0045] The software programs of the monitoring nodes mainly include data collection programs, ad-hoc network communication programs, data processing programs, and power management programs. The data collection program controls the sensors to collect data at set time intervals or trigger conditions; the ad-hoc network communication program implements the functions of the distributed ad-hoc network module, including node discovery, link monitoring, routing calculation, etc.; the data processing program preprocesses the collected data, such as filtering and denoising; the power management program implements the logic of the sleep-wakeup mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm. The software of the gateway node is responsible for receiving the data from the monitoring nodes, performing data format conversion and encapsulation, and then uploading it to the cloud data center through the corresponding communication link. The cloud data center runs a data storage management system and data analysis algorithms to store, analyze, and process the received data, and generate various reports and warning messages.

[0046] It should be noted here that the distributed ad-hoc network module calculates the delay score based on the delay of the link, calculates the link score based on the signal stability, calculates the energy score based on the remaining battery power of the current monitoring node, and performs a weighted sum of the delay score, link score, and energy score to obtain the total link quality score of each path. The path with the highest total link quality score is selected as the optimal transmission path; when every N data packets are transmitted or the link quality changes exceed a pre-set quality threshold, the path is re-evaluated; Wherein, N is a preset integer, and the value range is [10, 100]; when the change in the delay score of the link exceeds 10%, the change in the link score exceeds 15%, or the change in the energy score exceeds 20%, it is determined that the change in the link quality exceeds the quality threshold.

[0047] The distributed ad-hoc network module obtains the current scenario mode of the monitoring node, obtains the corresponding pre-stored weight combination value from the local according to the current scenario mode, and performs weighted summation on the delay score, link score, and energy score according to the obtained weight combination value to obtain the total link quality score of each path; Total path score = w1 × delay score + w2 × link score + w3 × energy score Where the scenario modes include the default mode, emergency mode, and energy-saving mode; The default mode corresponds to the first weight combination value, the emergency mode corresponds to the second weight combination value with priority for low latency, and the energy-saving mode corresponds to the third weight combination value with priority for high energy; the first weight combination value, the second weight combination value, and the third weight combination value are respectively stored in the set area of the local storage unit and are updated through system initialization or remote configuration.

[0048] Default mode: w1 = 0.4 (delay), w2 = 0.4 (link), w3 = 0.2 (energy).

[0049] Emergency mode (such as flood warning): w1 = 0.6, w2 = 0.3, w3 = 0.1 (priority for low latency).

[0050] Energy-saving mode (such as long-term monitoring): w1 = 0.2, w2 = 0.3, w3 = 0.5 (priority for high-energy nodes).

[0051] It should be noted here that for low-latency paths, the signal may be unstable (such as weak signals at long distances). Set the minimum link quality threshold (such as R SSI > -80dBm), and only select the path with the lowest delay from the qualified paths. For the problem that high-energy nodes may consume power too quickly due to frequent relaying, automatically adjust w3 according to the overall energy level of the network (such as when the average remaining energy < 30%, w3 is increased to 0.4). Limit the relaying frequency of high-energy nodes (such as each node can undertake at most 20% of the forwarding tasks).

[0052] Flood warnings are of absolute priority, but may occupy all resources. At this time, high-priority data can temporarily ignore the energy limit (w3 = 0) and directly select the fastest path. Reserve dedicated channels or time slots for high-priority data.

[0053] The monitoring node regularly broadcasts heartbeat packets, exchanges the current remaining battery power of the monitoring node, and measures the round-trip time of the heartbeat packet from the source node to the target node to obtain the delay R TT, calculate the link score by receiving the signal strength R SSI and the packet loss rate P LR ; The specific measurement method is as follows: When the source node sends a heartbeat packet, it records the sending timestamp. After the target node receives the heartbeat packet, it returns an acknowledgment packet. When the source node receives the acknowledgment packet, it records the receiving timestamp. The delay R TT is equal to the receiving timestamp minus the sending timestamp; The delay score = 1 / (R TT + ε); The link score = α × R SSI + (1 - α) × (1 - P LR ); The energy score = remaining battery power / 100; where ε is a preset constant, α is a weight coefficient, and in the embodiments of the present invention, α = 0.7.

[0054] The remaining battery power of each monitoring node is obtained in real time through a battery detection module built in the monitoring node.

[0055] In some embodiments, the monitoring node is further provided with a sensor module and a data processing module, and the monitoring node is configured with a real-time clock and an interrupt detection circuit; The specific implementation of reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node by the distributed self-organizing network module through the sleep-wakeup mode includes: In the non-data acquisition and transmission stage, the sensor module and the wireless communication module are turned off, and the normal operation of the timer and the interrupt detection circuit is maintained; it is periodically woken up by the timer according to a preset period; when it is detected that the hydrological data exceeds the set threshold or data from a neighboring monitoring node is received, at least one of the following modules is immediately woken up by an external interrupt detected by the interrupt detection circuit: The wireless communication module participates in the self-organizing network data transmission; The sensor module collects hydrological data; The data processing module analyzes the data and selects a transmission path.

[0056] The preset period is preset according to the application scenario and data acquisition requirements of the monitoring node, and the value range is [1 minute, 1 hour]; the set threshold is preset according to the types and monitoring requirements of different hydrological data.

[0057] The node enters the low-power sleep mode in the non-data acquisition or transmission stage, and only retains the basic wake-up function. When data acquisition or transmission is required, the communication module and related components are woken up by the timer or an external trigger signal. For example, the node can be automatically woken up at a specific time point every day, collect monitoring data and transmit it, and then enter the sleep mode again, effectively reducing the energy consumption.

[0058] In some embodiments, the specific implementation of the distributed ad-hoc network module reducing the energy consumption of monitoring nodes through the energy-aware routing algorithm includes: The monitoring nodes periodically broadcast the remaining energy values and maintain an energy status table of neighbor nodes; When the distributed ad-hoc network module performs routing selection, it excludes the monitoring nodes with remaining energy lower than the first set value, and selects relay nodes from the remaining monitoring nodes according to the energy score; a daily forwarding limit value is set for the relay nodes, and after exceeding the upper limit value, their relay qualifications are suspended.

[0059] The first set value is preset according to the normal operating power consumption and battery capacity of the node device, and the value range is [10%, 30%] (based on full charge); the daily forwarding limit value is preset according to the processing capacity of the node and the network load conditions, and the value range is [100, 500] times.

[0060] During routing selection, nodes with higher remaining energy are preferentially used to extend the overall network life. By monitoring the remaining energy of each node, the routing algorithm will preferentially select nodes with sufficient energy as relay nodes to ensure the long-term stable operation of the network.

[0061] In some embodiments, the distributed ad-hoc network module selects a path with a path score greater than the set threshold from the remaining monitoring nodes; if the difference between multiple path scores is less than the first percentage, the path with the fewest hops is selected, and the monitoring nodes on the path with the fewest hops are the relay nodes.

[0062] The set threshold is preset according to the network topology structure and data transmission requirements, and the value range is [80, 100] points; the value range of the first percentage is [5%, 15%].

[0063] In some embodiments, the specific implementation of the distributed ad-hoc network module realizing disaster-tolerant transmission includes: Periodically detect the survival status of the monitoring nodes. When a node fails, automatically forward the data to the standby relay node. The standby relay node is selected according to the historical routing records combined with the current network topology structure and node remaining energy information, specifically by selecting the monitoring nodes with a data transmission success rate higher than 80% and remaining energy higher than 20% (based on full charge) in the historical routing as the standby relay nodes.

[0064] When some nodes fail or the link is interrupted, the ad-hoc network can automatically recalculate the route to bypass the faulty nodes and ensure the normal operation of the network. For example, if node B fails, the system will automatically adjust the route to directly send the data from node A to node C and then forward it to the gateway node to ensure that the data transmission is not affected.

[0065] In some embodiments, the monitoring node further includes a data priority scheduling module; A sensor module that automatically increases the data acquisition frequency when the rate of change of environmental parameters exceeds a threshold; and when the storage space is insufficient, overwrites the earliest data in chronological order.

[0066] A data priority scheduling module that classifies data into high-priority data and low-priority data; preferentially allocates network resources to transmit high-priority data; Among them, the high-priority data involves real-time key data for the safe operation of water conservancy projects, including flood warnings and water level alarm data, and the low-priority data includes historical monitoring data and equipment status information.

[0067] A sensor module that automatically increases the data acquisition frequency when the rate of change of environmental parameters exceeds a threshold; the threshold is preset according to the characteristics of different environmental parameters and monitoring requirements, and the judgment criterion for insufficient storage space is that the remaining storage space is less than 20% of the total storage space; and when the storage space is insufficient, overwrites the earliest data in chronological order.

[0068] Data is divided into high priority and low priority according to urgency and importance. High-priority data (such as flood warnings, water level alarms, etc.) has priority during transmission, can preferentially occupy network resources, and ensures rapid transmission to the cloud data center for processing. Low-priority data (such as historical data uploads, etc.) is transmitted after the high-priority data transmission is completed. This method ensures the real-time nature and reliability of key data.

[0069] The monitoring node can dynamically adjust the acquisition frequency and storage strategy according to the real-time monitored environmental changes. During periods of drastic environmental changes (such as during heavy rain), increase the data acquisition frequency, increase the capacity and frequency of data storage, and ensure that key data can be captured. At the same time, a circular storage mechanism is adopted inside the node, and when the storage space is insufficient, automatically overwrite early unimportant data to ensure the preservation of important real-time data.

[0070] As Figure 2 shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a water conservancy informatization data acquisition and transmission method based on a distributed ad-hoc network, including the following steps: S1: Deploy monitoring nodes at each monitoring point of the water conservancy project to collect hydrological data and environmental data; S2: Automatically discover and connect to surrounding monitoring nodes through a distributed ad-hoc network module to form a multi-hop wireless network and realize communication between the monitoring node and the gateway node; specifically including: using a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the link delay, signal stability and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time, calculate the optimal transmission path; when a monitoring node or link fails, automatically recalculate the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to achieve disaster-tolerant transmission; reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep wake-up mode and the energy-aware routing algorithm; S3: Aggregate the data of each monitoring node at the gateway node, and upload the data to the cloud data center via satellite, 4G / 5G, or fiber optic link; S4: The cloud data center stores and processes the received data.

[0071] In some embodiments, the steps of using a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the link delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time and calculating the optimal transmission path include: Monitor the link delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time; Calculate the delay score based on the link delay, calculate the link score based on the signal stability, and calculate the energy score based on the current remaining battery power of the monitoring node; Perform a weighted sum of the delay score, link score, and energy score to obtain the total link quality score for each path, and select the path with the highest total link quality score as the optimal transmission path; Re-evaluate the path every time N data packets are transmitted or when the link quality changes exceed a pre-set quality threshold; Wherein, the N is a pre-set integer, and the value range is [10, 100]; when the change in the delay score of the link exceeds 10%, the change in the link score exceeds 15%, or the change in the energy score exceeds 20%, it is determined that the link quality change exceeds the quality threshold.

[0072] In some embodiments, the steps of performing a weighted sum of the delay score, link score, and energy score to obtain the total link quality score for each path include: Obtain the current scenario mode of the monitoring node, obtain the corresponding weight combination value stored locally according to the current scenario mode, and perform a weighted sum of the delay score, link score, and energy score according to the obtained weight combination value to obtain the total link quality score for each path; Where the scenario mode includes a default mode, an emergency mode, and an energy-saving mode; The default mode corresponds to a first weight combination value, the emergency mode corresponds to a second weight combination value that prioritizes low latency, and the energy-saving mode corresponds to a third weight combination value that prioritizes high energy; the first weight combination value, the second weight combination value, and the third weight combination value are respectively stored in the set area of the local storage unit and are updated through system initialization or remote configuration.

[0073] In some embodiments, the steps of monitoring the link delay, signal stability, and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time include: The monitoring node periodically broadcasts heartbeat packets, exchanges the current remaining battery power of the monitoring node, and measures the round-trip time of the heartbeat packet from the source node to the target node to obtain the delay R TT 、the received signal strength R SSI and the packet loss rate P LR ; The specific measurement method is as follows: when the source node sends a heartbeat packet, it records the sending timestamp. After the target node receives the heartbeat packet, it returns an acknowledgment packet. When the source node receives the acknowledgment packet, it records the receiving timestamp, and the delay R TT is equal to the receiving timestamp minus the sending timestamp; The calculation formulas in the steps of calculating the delay score based on the link delay, calculating the link score based on the signal stability, and calculating the energy score based on the remaining battery power of the monitoring node are as follows: Delay score = 1 / (R TT + ε); Link score = α × R SSI +(1 - α) × (1 - P LR ); Energy score = remaining battery power / 100; where ε is a preset constant and α is a weight coefficient.

[0074] The remaining battery power of each monitoring node is obtained in real time through the built-in battery detection module of the monitoring node.

[0075] In some embodiments, the specific steps of reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep-wake mode include: Turn off the sensor module and the wireless communication module during the non-data collection and transmission stage, and maintain the normal operation of the timer and the interrupt detection circuit; wake up regularly through the timer according to a preset period; when it is detected that the hydrological data exceeds the set threshold or data from neighboring monitoring nodes is received, immediately wake up at least one of the following modules through the external interrupt detected by the interrupt detection circuit: The wireless communication module participates in the self-organizing network data transmission; The sensor module collects hydrological data; The data processing module analyzes the data and selects the transmission path.

[0076] The preset period is preset according to the application scenario and data collection requirements of the monitoring node, and the value range is [1 minute, 1 hour]; the set threshold is preset according to the types and monitoring requirements of different hydrological data.

[0077] In some embodiments, the specific steps of reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the energy-aware routing algorithm include: The monitoring node regularly broadcasts the remaining energy value and maintains the energy status table of neighbor nodes; When the distributed self-organizing network module performs routing selection, it excludes the monitoring nodes with the remaining energy lower than the first set value, and selects relay nodes from the remaining monitoring nodes according to the energy score; set an upper limit value for the daily forwarding times of the relay nodes, and suspend their relay qualifications after exceeding the upper limit value.

[0078] The first set value is preset according to the normal operating power consumption and battery capacity of the node device, and the value range is [10%, 30%] (based on full charge); the upper limit value of the daily forwarding times is preset according to the processing capacity of the node and the network load condition, and the value range is [100, 500] times.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method further includes: The distributed ad hoc network module selects a path with a path score greater than the set threshold from the remaining monitoring nodes; if the difference between multiple path scores is less than the first percentage, the path with the fewest hops is selected, and the monitoring nodes on the path with the fewest hops are the relay nodes.

[0080] The set threshold is preset according to the network topology structure and data transmission requirements, and the value range is [80, 100] points; the value range of the first percentage is [5%, 15%].

[0081] In some embodiments, the specific steps for realizing disaster-tolerant transmission include: Periodically detect the survival status of the monitoring nodes. When a node fails, automatically forward the data to the standby relay node. The standby relay node is selected according to the historical routing records in combination with the current network topology structure and the remaining energy information of the nodes. Specifically, select the monitoring nodes with a data transmission success rate higher than 80% and a remaining energy higher than 20% (based on full charge) in the historical routing as the standby relay nodes.

[0082] In some embodiments, the method further includes: When the environmental parameter change rate exceeds the threshold, automatically increase the data acquisition frequency; and when the storage space is insufficient, overwrite the earliest data in chronological order.

[0083] Divide the data into high-priority data and low-priority data; preferentially allocate network resources to transmit high-priority data; Among them, the high-priority data involves real-time key data for the safe operation of water conservancy projects, including flood warning and water level alarm data, and the low-priority data includes historical monitoring data and equipment status information.

[0084] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network, characterized in that: Includes monitoring nodes, gateway nodes and cloud data centers; The monitoring nodes are deployed at various monitoring points of the water conservancy project to collect hydrological data and environmental data. The monitoring nodes are integrated with wireless communication modules and distributed self-organizing network modules. The distributed ad hoc network module is used to automatically discover and connect to surrounding monitoring nodes to form a multi-hop wireless network to achieve communication between the monitoring nodes and the gateway nodes; The distributed ad hoc network module is configured as follows: using a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the link delay, signal stability and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time, and calculating the optimal transmission path; when a monitoring node or link fails, automatically recalculating the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to achieve disaster recovery transmission; reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep wake-up mode and energy-aware routing algorithm; The gateway node is used to aggregate data from each monitoring node and upload the data to a cloud data center via satellite, 4G / 5G or optical fiber links; Cloud data center is used to store and process the received data.

2. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distributed ad hoc network module calculates the delay score based on the link delay, the link score based on the signal stability, and the energy score based on the current remaining battery power of the monitoring node. The delay score, link score and energy score are weighted and summed to obtain the total link quality score of each path. The path with the highest total link quality score is selected as the optimal transmission path. The path is re-evaluated every time N data packets are transmitted or the link quality change exceeds the pre-set quality threshold. Wherein, N is a preset integer; when the delay score change of the link exceeds the first threshold, the link score change exceeds the second threshold, or the energy score change exceeds the third threshold, it is determined that the link quality change exceeds the quality threshold.

3. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The distributed ad hoc network module obtains the current scene mode of the monitoring node, obtains the corresponding pre-stored weight combination value from the local according to the current scene mode, and performs weighted summation of the delay score, link score and energy score according to the obtained weight combination value to obtain the total link quality score of each path; The scene modes include default mode, emergency mode and energy saving mode; The default mode corresponds to a first weight combination value, the emergency mode corresponds to a second weight combination value that prioritizes low latency, and the energy-saving mode corresponds to a third weight combination value that prioritizes high energy; the first weight combination value, the second weight combination value and the third weight combination value are respectively stored in the setting area of ​​the local storage unit.

4. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The monitoring node broadcasts heartbeat packets regularly, exchanges the current battery power of the monitoring node, and measures the round-trip time from the source node to the target node to obtain the delay R TT , through the received signal strength R SSI and packet loss rate P LR Calculate link score; Delay score = 1 / (R TT +ε); Link score = α × R SSI +(1-α)×(1-P LR ); Energy score = remaining power / 100; Among them, ε is a preset constant and α is a weight coefficient.

5. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The monitoring node is also provided with a sensor module and a data processing module, and the monitoring node is configured with a real-time clock and an interrupt detection circuit; The specific implementation of the distributed self-organizing network module to reduce the energy consumption of monitoring nodes through the sleep wake-up mode includes: Turn off the sensor module and wireless communication module during the non-data collection and transmission phase to maintain the normal operation of the timer and interrupt detection circuit; Wake up by timer according to preset cycle; when the monitored hydrological data exceeds the set threshold or the data of neighbor monitoring node is received, the external interrupt detected by the interrupt detection circuit immediately wakes up at least one of the following modules: The wireless communication module participates in data transmission in the ad hoc network; The sensor module collects hydrological data; The data processing module analyzes the data and selects the transmission path.

6. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific implementation of the distributed ad hoc network module to reduce the energy consumption of monitoring nodes through the energy-aware routing algorithm includes: The monitoring node broadcasts the remaining energy value regularly and maintains the energy status table of neighboring nodes; The distributed self-organizing network module excludes monitoring nodes whose remaining energy is lower than a first set value when performing route selection, and selects relay nodes from the remaining monitoring nodes according to the energy score; sets an upper limit on the number of daily forwarding times for the relay nodes, and suspends their relay qualification after exceeding the upper limit.

7. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The distributed ad hoc network module selects a path with a path score greater than a set threshold from the remaining monitoring nodes; if the difference between multiple path scores is less than a first percentage, the path with the least hops is selected, and the monitoring node on the path with the least hops is the relay node.

8. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The distributed self-organizing network module implements disaster recovery transmission, including: The survival status of the monitoring node is periodically detected. When a node fails, the data is automatically forwarded to the backup relay node. The backup relay node is selected based on the historical routing records combined with the current network topology and the node remaining energy information. Specifically, the monitoring node whose data transmission success rate in the historical route is higher than the fourth threshold and whose remaining energy is higher than the third threshold is selected as the backup relay node.

9. The water conservancy information data acquisition and transmission system based on distributed ad hoc network according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The monitoring node also includes a data priority scheduling module; The sensor module automatically increases the frequency of data collection when the rate of change of environmental parameters exceeds the threshold; and overwrites the earliest data in chronological order when storage space is insufficient; Data priority scheduling module, which divides data into high priority data and low priority data; Prioritize the allocation of network resources to transmit high-priority data; Among them, the high-priority data involves real-time key data for the safe operation of water conservancy projects, including flood warnings and water level alarm data, and the low-priority data includes historical monitoring data and equipment status information.

10. A method for collecting and transmitting water conservancy information data based on a distributed ad hoc network, characterized in that: The steps include: Deploy monitoring nodes at various monitoring points of water conservancy projects to collect hydrological and environmental data; The distributed self-organizing network module automatically discovers and connects the surrounding monitoring nodes to form a multi-hop wireless network, realizing the communication between the monitoring nodes and the gateway nodes; specifically, it uses a dynamic routing algorithm to monitor the link delay, signal stability and remaining energy of the monitoring node in real time, and calculates the optimal transmission path; when the monitoring node or link fails, it automatically recalculates the routing path according to the stored fault handling strategy to realize disaster recovery transmission; and reduces the energy consumption of the monitoring node through the sleep wake-up mode and energy-aware routing algorithm; Aggregate data from each monitoring node at the gateway node and upload the data to the cloud data center via satellite, 4G / 5G or optical fiber links; The cloud data center stores and processes the received data.

Images